JP2004233293A - Method for measuring drain flow rate and its flowmeter - Google Patents

Method for measuring drain flow rate and its flowmeter Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004233293A
JP2004233293A JP2003024808A JP2003024808A JP2004233293A JP 2004233293 A JP2004233293 A JP 2004233293A JP 2003024808 A JP2003024808 A JP 2003024808A JP 2003024808 A JP2003024808 A JP 2003024808A JP 2004233293 A JP2004233293 A JP 2004233293A
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Prior art keywords
fluid
flow rate
liquid level
drain
small holes
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JP2003024808A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasushi Fukunaga
裕史 福永
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003024808A priority Critical patent/JP2004233293A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for measuring a drain flow rate of fluid using equipment even when a condition is nearly 0 differential pressure or no fluid is filled in a pipe and provide a flowmeter for the method. <P>SOLUTION: Drain flow rate of an oil pressure system can be measured without directly utilizing pressure or differential pressure in fluid, by making a plurality of small holes (n) in a measure 4 vertically with the same intervals, summing fluid flowing out of each of the small holes (n) and obtaining in advance relation between variation quantity of level Z of liquid surface 6 and flow rate Q flowing out of the measure, passing the fluid of the drain of the main oil pressure system, for example, in a pipe 9 of bypass line bypassing the on-line 8 of the drain of the oil pressure system and temporarily injecting from the bottom periphery wall of the measure 4 into the measure 4, calculating and knowing the liquid level Z of the fluid in the injected measure 4 using the distance from an ultrasonic distance meter 5 provided at the upper part of the liquid surface 6 and applying the liquid level Z to the relation of flow rate Q. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は流体の流量の測定に用いるもので、特に流量計の入側と出側の圧力差がほとんど0の場合あるいは配管中が流体で満たされていない場合でも高い精度で検出できるドレン流量の測定方法およびその測定用の流量計に関し、特に、油圧システムのポンプのドレンの流量の測定に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から流体の流量を測定する方法として流量計がある。流量計の種類として差圧式流量計、容積式流量計、面積式流量計、超音波式流量計がある。差圧式流量計では流量計の入側と出側の圧力差すなわち差圧を利用したもので、このため差圧がほとんど0に近いところでは利用できない。このような差圧がほとんど0の状態とは、例えば、配管中が流体で満たされていない状態をさす。さらに、容積式流量計では流体の差圧によって生じる流体を送り出す回転子の回転を利用しているので、圧力がなく差圧が生じないところでは利用できない。面積式流量計でも流量計の入側と出側の圧力差すなわち差圧を利用したものであるので、差圧がほとんど0に近いところでは利用できない。また、超音波を利用して測定する超音波流量計では、精度が悪く、このため毎分数リットルの精度では測定することができない上に、やはり配管中がすべて流体で満たされていなければ測定することはできない。
【0003】
本発明に近い技術例としては、液面を感知するためにフロート(浮き)を用いた例がある。すなわち、流量計入側が絞られており、差圧を利用してフロートを浮かしている(特許文献1参照)。さらに、フロートを利用して流量を測定するものとして、フロートの上下の頻度やインターバルで流量を測定するものでがある(特許文献2参照)。
【0004】
しかし、上記したように、これらの従来技術には、差圧がほとんど0の状態では、または、配管中が流体で満たされていなければ、測定できないという問題点があった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平02―38816号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭61―288120号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、上記の問題点を解決し、差圧がほとんど0の状態であっても、または、配管中が流体で満たされていなくても、ドレン流量を測定する方法およびそのための流量計を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するための本発明の手段は、請求項1の発明では、垂直方向に等間隔の複数個の小孔を開けた升を用意し、升内の流体の液面高さを液面上部に備えた超音波距離計からの距離から算出し、一方、予めそれぞれの小孔から流出する流体を合計した流量と液面高さとの関係を求めておき、流体装置のメインシステムの流体のオンラインの流体送給用のポンプのドレンからオンラインを外した迂回ラインの配管を配設し、該配管を升の底部周壁に等間隔で垂直方向の多数の小孔を有する升の底部側壁に接続して升の中に流体を注入、升の小孔から流体を迂回ラインの配管に流出して戻しながら升内の流体の液面高さを超音波距離計により測定し、該測定値から配管を流れる流量を知ることを特徴とするドレン流量の測定方法である。
【0008】
請求項2の発明では、底部周壁に流体を導く配管を接続する孔を有しかつ周壁に底面から垂直方向に等間隔に開口した複数の小孔を有する升と、升の上方に升内の液面高さを測定するため液面と対向させて配設した超音波距離計とから形成したことを特徴とするドレン流量測定用の流量計である。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明のドレン流量の測定は、流体の圧力や圧力差などを直接的に利用することなく測定できるようにするもので、升に垂直方向に等間隔の複数個の小孔を開けておき、それぞれの小孔から流出する流体を合計することにより予め液面の高さの変化量と升から流出する流量との関係を求めておき、例えばメインの油圧システムのドレンの流体を、この油圧システムのドレンのオンラインから外した迂回ラインの配管に通して一時的に升の底部から升の中に注入し、注入した升内の流体の液面高さを液面上部に備えた超音波距離計からの距離により算出して油圧システムのドレン流量を測定する方法およびその装置である。
【0010】
この測定方法は、ベルヌーイの定理を活用するもので、図2に示すように、ドレンの流体を一時的に断面積Aの升4の中に注入して溜め、升4の周壁に設けた小孔nから流体を流出させる。その流出流量qは、ベルヌーイの定理から数式1で表される。
【0011】
【数1】
q=CA(2gh)1/2
ただし、C:流体の流量係数、A:升の断面積、g:重力の加速度、h:小孔nの中心から液面までの距離である。
【0012】
この場合、例えば、50リットル程度の流量を測定するために、小孔nを複数個、升4の周辺に底部から上方向に垂直に等間隔に開口する。それぞれの小孔nから流出する流量を合計したものがそのときの液面高さの流体の流量qとなる。
【0013】
図3に示すように、液面6が、孔n2の直下と孔n1間にある時の流量は孔n1の流量q1を測定して求め、孔n3の直下と孔n2間にある時の流量は孔n1と孔n2の流量の合計のq1+q2を測定して求め、以下同様に孔n4と孔n3間にある時はq1+q2+q3の流量を測定して求め、このようにして最上部の孔より上に液面がある時の流量を予め測定して求めておく。そしてその測定値を基に液面6の高さZと流量qの関係を求めておく。
【0014】
一方、図4に示すように、升4内の流体の液面6に対向して升4の上方に超音波距離計5を配設し、升4の底面7と超音波距離計5との距離Z0を測定しておく。次に、液面6を超音波距離計5で測定し、超音波距離計5と液面6までの距離Z1を求める。Z0−Z1=Z2が、底面7からの液面6の高さZである。よって液面6の高さZを超音波距離計5で間接的に測定することができ、この時の液面高さZを、上記で求めた流体の液面6の高さZと小孔nから流出する流量qの関係に適用することで、この時の流量qが測定できる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の各実施の形態を図面を用いて説明する。本実施の形態の例のドレン流量計は、先ず、図5に示すように、直径200mm、高さ450mmの円筒状の升4を製作し、円筒状の升4の底部側面に開口した孔に油圧機器、例えば油圧シリンダー2の油圧ユニットのポンプ1のドレン流体の油をオンライン8のポンプ1から流す迂回ラインの配管9を設ける。次に、流体が流出する小孔nの径を8mmとし、30mmピッチで底面7から上方向に垂直に等間隔に10個の小孔nを升4の周壁に開口し、上記の迂回ラインの配管9を升4の底部側面に開口した孔に接続して流体を流入可能とする。さらに、この升4の上方に超音波距離計5を設け、これらの升4と超音波距離計5とにより本発明の流量計10とする。一方、升4に設けた小孔nから流出する流体の流量を測定するドレン流量計3を迂回ラインの配管7に設ける。このように準備すると。メインシステムの油圧ユニットのオンライン8から迂回する配管9に流入する流体を升4に注入し、液面6が小孔n1、小孔n2、〜小孔n10に来た時のそれぞれの流出する合計流量をドレン流量計3の例えばメスシリンダーで量る。小孔の径が8mm、ピッチ30mmの時、孔から流出する合計量は、流量q1=2.2リットル、q1+q2=5.3リットル、‥‥、q1+q2+〜+q5=18.5リットル、q1+q2+〜+q6=23.9リットル、q1+q2+〜+q7=29.8リットル、q1+q2+〜+q8=36.1リットル、q1+q2+〜+q9=42.8リットル、q1+q2+〜+q10=49.8リットルであった。
【0016】
この流量qの測定値から液面の高さZと流体が流出する流量Qの関係の近似式である数式2を求めた。
【0017】
【数2】
流量Q=0.0204×(Z1.3627
ただし、Q:流量、Z:液面の高さである。
【0018】
そして、円筒の升4の上部に液面6に垂直に対向させて液面6を測定するため上記で設けた超音波距離計5を升4の最上部の小孔n10より200mmの上部に位置するものとする。この超音波距離計5を用いて油圧シリンダー2を有する油圧ユニットのポンプ1のドレン量の測定を行った。この結果を表1に示す。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 2004233293
【0020】
以上のことから流体の液面高さZとドレン量Qの関係がわかり、ドレン流量Qが毎分リットル単位の精度で測定できることがわかった。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明は流体の差圧がほとんど0の状態または配管中が流体で満たされていない状態でも、測定する流体をその流体機器のオンラインから外して迂回ラインに設けた升の中に一時的に注入し、その升内の流体の液面の高さを升の上方に設けた超音波距離計により測定することによってその升に設けた小孔から流出する流体の流量を、求めることができ、しかもその流量が数リットル毎分の精度で測定することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のドレン流量計を設けた油圧システムを示す図である。
【図2】本発明のドレン流量計の原理を示す図である。
【図3】本発明のドレン流量計に使用する升を示す図である。
【図4】超音波距離計と液面との関係を示す図である。
【図5】本発明のドレン流量計の概略を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ポンプ
2 油圧シリンダー
3 ドレン流量計
4 升
5 超音波距離計
6 液面
7 底面
8 オンライン
9 配管9
n 小孔[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is used for measuring the flow rate of a fluid, and particularly when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet sides of the flow meter is almost zero or when the piping is not filled with fluid, the drain flow rate can be detected with high accuracy. The present invention relates to a measurement method and a flow meter for the measurement, and more particularly, to measurement of a drain flow rate of a pump of a hydraulic system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there is a flow meter as a method of measuring the flow rate of a fluid. Types of flow meters include a differential pressure type flow meter, a positive displacement type flow meter, an area type flow meter, and an ultrasonic type flow meter. The differential pressure type flow meter utilizes the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the flow meter, that is, the differential pressure, and cannot be used where the differential pressure is almost zero. The state in which such a differential pressure is almost zero means, for example, a state in which the piping is not filled with fluid. Furthermore, since the displacement type flow meter utilizes the rotation of the rotor that sends out the fluid generated by the differential pressure of the fluid, it cannot be used where there is no pressure and no differential pressure is generated. Even in the area type flowmeter, since the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the flowmeter, that is, the differential pressure is used, it cannot be used where the differential pressure is almost zero. In addition, ultrasonic flowmeters that measure using ultrasonic waves have poor accuracy, and therefore cannot be measured with an accuracy of several liters per minute. In addition, if the pipe is not completely filled with fluid, measurement is performed. It is not possible.
[0003]
As a technical example close to the present invention, there is an example in which a float is used for sensing a liquid level. That is, the inlet side of the flow meter is throttled, and the float is floated using the differential pressure (see Patent Document 1). Further, as a method of measuring a flow rate using a float, there is a method of measuring a flow rate at a frequency or an interval above and below the float (see Patent Document 2).
[0004]
However, as described above, these conventional techniques have a problem that measurement cannot be performed in a state where the differential pressure is almost zero or when the piping is not filled with a fluid.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 02-38816 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-61-288120
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to measure the drain flow rate even when the differential pressure is almost zero or the piping is not filled with fluid. And a flow meter therefor.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Means of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is that, in the invention of claim 1, a box having a plurality of small holes formed at equal intervals in the vertical direction is prepared, and the liquid level height of the fluid in the box is adjusted. Calculated from the distance from the ultrasonic range finder provided above the liquid level, and on the other hand, the relationship between the total flow rate of the fluid flowing out from each small hole and the liquid level height is determined in advance, and the main system of the fluid device is A detour line pipe that is off-line from the drain of a pump for on-line fluid supply of fluid is provided, and the pipe is provided on the bottom peripheral wall of the box at the bottom side wall of the box having a number of small holes in the vertical direction at regular intervals. Injecting fluid into the box by connecting to it, measuring the liquid level of the fluid in the box with an ultrasonic distance meter while returning the fluid from the small holes of the box to the piping of the detour line and returning the measured value It is a method of measuring the drain flow rate, characterized by knowing the flow rate flowing through the pipe from the
[0008]
In the invention of claim 2, a box having a plurality of small holes which are provided at the bottom peripheral wall with a hole for connecting a pipe for guiding a fluid and which is opened at equal intervals in the vertical direction from the bottom surface in the peripheral wall, and a box inside the box above the box A flowmeter for drain flow measurement, comprising: an ultrasonic range finder disposed to face the liquid surface for measuring the liquid surface height.
[0009]
That is, the measurement of the drain flow rate of the present invention is intended to enable measurement without directly using the pressure or the pressure difference of the fluid, etc. In addition, the relationship between the amount of change in the liquid level and the flow rate flowing out of the cell is determined in advance by summing the fluid flowing out of each small hole, and for example, the fluid of the drain of the main hydraulic system is Ultrasonic with the liquid level in the injected tank at the top of the tank by temporarily injecting it into the box from the bottom of the box through the piping of the detour line disconnected from the drain of the hydraulic system A method and apparatus for measuring a drain flow rate of a hydraulic system by calculating the distance from a distance meter.
[0010]
This measuring method utilizes Bernoulli's theorem. As shown in FIG. 2, a drain fluid is temporarily injected into a square 4 having a cross-sectional area A and stored therein. The fluid flows out from the hole n. The outflow flow rate q is expressed by Equation 1 from Bernoulli's theorem.
[0011]
(Equation 1)
q = CA (2gh) 1/2
Here, C is the flow coefficient of the fluid, A is the sectional area of the square, g is the acceleration of gravity, and h is the distance from the center of the small hole n to the liquid surface.
[0012]
In this case, for example, in order to measure a flow rate of about 50 liters, a plurality of small holes n are opened at equal intervals vertically from the bottom to the periphery of the box 4. The sum of the flow rates flowing out of the small holes n is the flow rate q of the fluid at the liquid level at that time.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 3, the flow rate when the liquid level 6 is directly below the hole n2 and between the hole n1 is obtained by measuring the flow rate q1 of the hole n1, and the flow rate when the liquid level 6 is directly below the hole n3 and between the hole n2. Is obtained by measuring q1 + q2, which is the total flow rate of the holes n1 and n2, and similarly, when it is between the holes n4 and n3, the flow rate of q1 + q2 + q3 is measured and obtained in this manner. The flow rate when there is a liquid level is measured and obtained in advance. Then, the relationship between the height Z of the liquid surface 6 and the flow rate q is determined based on the measured value.
[0014]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, an ultrasonic distance meter 5 is disposed above the cell 4 so as to face the liquid surface 6 of the fluid in the cell 4, and the ultrasonic distance meter 5 is connected to the bottom surface 7 of the cell 4. The distance Z0 is measured. Next, the liquid level 6 is measured by the ultrasonic range finder 5, and the distance Z1 between the ultrasonic range finder 5 and the liquid level 6 is obtained. Z0-Z1 = Z2 is the height Z of the liquid surface 6 from the bottom surface 7. Therefore, the height Z of the liquid surface 6 can be indirectly measured by the ultrasonic range finder 5, and the liquid surface height Z at this time is determined by the height Z of the liquid surface 6 of the fluid obtained above and the small hole. The flow rate q at this time can be measured by applying the relationship to the flow rate q flowing out of n.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, as shown in FIG. 5, the drain flow meter according to the embodiment of the present embodiment manufactures a cylindrical box 4 having a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 450 mm. Hydraulic equipment, for example, a bypass line piping 9 for flowing the drain fluid oil of the pump 1 of the hydraulic unit of the hydraulic cylinder 2 from the online pump 8 is provided. Next, the diameter of the small holes n from which the fluid flows out is set to 8 mm, and ten small holes n are opened in the peripheral wall of the box 4 vertically and equidistantly from the bottom surface 7 at a pitch of 30 mm. The pipe 9 is connected to a hole opened on the bottom side surface of the box 4 to allow fluid to flow. Further, an ultrasonic distance meter 5 is provided above the cell 4, and the cell 4 and the ultrasonic distance meter 5 constitute a flowmeter 10 of the present invention. On the other hand, a drain flow meter 3 for measuring the flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the small hole n provided in the cell 4 is provided in the pipe 7 of the bypass line. When you prepare like this. The fluid flowing into the pipe 9 bypassing the on-line 8 of the hydraulic unit of the main system is injected into the box 4, and the total flowing out when the liquid level 6 comes to the small holes n 1, small holes n 2 to small holes n 10. The flow rate is measured with, for example, a graduated cylinder of the drain flow meter 3. When the diameter of the small holes is 8 mm and the pitch is 30 mm, the total amount flowing out of the holes is flow rate q1 = 2.2 liters, q1 + q2 = 5.3 liters, ‥‥, q1 + q2 + to + q5 = 18.5 liters, q1 + q2 + to + q6. = 23.9 liters, q1 + q2 + to + q7 = 29.8 liters, q1 + q2 + to + q8 = 36.1 liters, q1 + q2 + to + q9 = 42.8 liters, and q1 + q2 + to + q10 = 49.8 liters.
[0016]
From the measured value of the flow rate q, Expression 2 which is an approximate expression of the relationship between the liquid surface height Z and the flow rate Q at which the fluid flows out was obtained.
[0017]
(Equation 2)
Flow rate Q = 0.0204 × (Z 1.3627 )
Here, Q: flow rate, Z: height of liquid level.
[0018]
Then, the ultrasonic range finder 5 provided above for measuring the liquid level 6 is disposed 200 mm above the uppermost small hole n10 of the square 4 so as to vertically measure the liquid level 6 so as to face the liquid level 6 above the cylindrical measure 4. It shall be. The drainage of the pump 1 of the hydraulic unit having the hydraulic cylinder 2 was measured using the ultrasonic range finder 5. Table 1 shows the results.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004233293
[0020]
From the above, the relationship between the liquid surface height Z of the fluid and the drain amount Q was found, and it was found that the drain flow rate Q could be measured with an accuracy of liter per minute.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, even when the pressure difference of the fluid is almost zero or the piping is not filled with the fluid, the present invention removes the fluid to be measured from the on-line of the fluid device and provides the fluid in the bypass line. Into the cell, and measure the height of the liquid level of the fluid in the cell by an ultrasonic range finder provided above the cell to determine the flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the small hole provided in the cell. , And the flow rate can be measured with an accuracy of several liters per minute.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a hydraulic system provided with a drain flow meter of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the principle of a drain flow meter according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cell used in the drain flow meter of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between an ultrasonic distance meter and a liquid surface.
FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a drain flow meter of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pump 2 Hydraulic cylinder 3 Drain flow meter 4 Square 5 Ultrasonic distance meter 6 Liquid level 7 Bottom 8 Online 9 Piping 9
n small hole

Claims (2)

垂直方向に等間隔の複数個の小孔を開けた升を用意し、升内の流体の液面高さを液面上部に備えた超音波距離計からの距離から算出し、一方、予めそれぞれの小孔から流出する流体を合計した流量と液面高さとの関係を求めておき、流体装置のメインシステムの流体のオンラインの流体送給用のポンプのドレンからオンラインを外した迂回ラインの配管を配設し、該配管を升の底部周壁に等間隔で垂直方向の多数の小孔を有する升の底部側壁に接続して升の中に流体を注入、升の小孔から流体を迂回ラインの配管に流出して戻しながら升内の流体の液面高さを超音波距離計により測定し、該測定値から配管を流れる流量を知ることを特徴とするドレン流量の測定方法。Prepare a cell with a plurality of small holes at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and calculate the liquid level of the fluid in the cell from the distance from the ultrasonic distance meter provided at the upper part of the liquid level. The relationship between the total flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the small holes and the liquid level is determined, and the piping of the bypass line is disconnected from the drain of the online fluid supply pump of the fluid in the main system of the fluid device. Is arranged, the pipe is connected to the bottom side wall of the box having a number of small holes in the vertical direction at regular intervals on the bottom peripheral wall of the box, and fluid is injected into the box, and the fluid is bypassed from the small holes of the box. Measuring the liquid level of the fluid in the tank with an ultrasonic distance meter while flowing out and returning to the pipe, and knowing the flow rate flowing through the pipe from the measured value. 底部周壁に流体を導く配管を接続する孔を有しかつ周壁に底面から垂直方向に等間隔に開口した複数の小孔を有する升と、升の上方に升内の液面高さを測定するため液面と対向させて配設した超音波距離計とから形成したことを特徴とするドレン流量測定用の流量計。Measure the height of the liquid level in the cell above the cell, with a cell that has a hole that connects the pipe that guides the fluid to the bottom peripheral wall and that has a plurality of small holes that are opened at equal intervals vertically from the bottom wall. A flowmeter for measuring the drain flow rate, which is formed from an ultrasonic distance meter disposed so as to face the liquid surface.
JP2003024808A 2003-01-31 2003-01-31 Method for measuring drain flow rate and its flowmeter Pending JP2004233293A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007007902A (en) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-18 Fujifilm Holdings Corp Ink tank and inkjet recorder
JP2007050565A (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-03-01 Fujifilm Corp Ink supply apparatus, inkjet recording device, and ink cartridge

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007007902A (en) * 2005-06-28 2007-01-18 Fujifilm Holdings Corp Ink tank and inkjet recorder
JP2007050565A (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-03-01 Fujifilm Corp Ink supply apparatus, inkjet recording device, and ink cartridge

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