JP2004233005A - Monolithic refractory wet spraying construction method - Google Patents

Monolithic refractory wet spraying construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004233005A
JP2004233005A JP2003024711A JP2003024711A JP2004233005A JP 2004233005 A JP2004233005 A JP 2004233005A JP 2003024711 A JP2003024711 A JP 2003024711A JP 2003024711 A JP2003024711 A JP 2003024711A JP 2004233005 A JP2004233005 A JP 2004233005A
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Prior art keywords
calcium hydroxide
construction
lime slurry
mass
nozzle
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JP2003024711A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP4263917B2 (en
Inventor
Masanori Koga
正徳 古賀
Hideyuki Tsuda
秀行 津田
Toshihiro Isobe
利弘 礒部
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Krosaki Harima Corp
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Krosaki Harima Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wet spraying construction method having both construction properties and working safety by using lime slurry that does contain no causic soda harmful to a human body at all as an accelerator, and solving the the problem of the workability. <P>SOLUTION: In the construction method, a monolithic refractory that is kneaded in advance by execution moisture is force-fed, and the accelerator is added to the nozzle or in front of the nozzle for spraying. Then, in the execution method, lime slurry containing calcium chloride is used as the accelerator, and the grain size of calcium hydride that is the lime constituent of the lime slurry is set 24 μm or more in a particle diameter and 70 mass%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、作業安全性およびに施工性に優れた不定形耐火物湿式吹付け施工方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
不定形耐火物による各種工業窯炉の内張りあるいはその補修として、不定形耐火物を所要量の施工水分をもって予め混練した後、ノズルに圧送し、ノズルあるいはノズル手前で急結剤を添加して吹付ける湿式吹付け施工方法が知られている。
【0003】
この方法に使用される急結剤は、従来、アルミン酸アルカリ塩溶液、珪酸アルカリ塩溶液(例えば特許文献1参照)、塩化カルシウム溶液(例えば特許文献2参照)、消石灰を主材とする石灰スラリー(例えば特許文献3、4参照)、さらには水酸化カルシウムと塩化カルシウムとを組合わせた溶液(例えば特許文献5参照)などがある。
【0004】
このうち、アルミン酸アルカリ塩または珪酸アルカリ塩の溶液は急結性に優れるが、苛性ソーダを含む高塩基度のために、直接触れると肌が、かぶれや、やけど状態となる。また、一部は吹付け施工時にノズルからミスト状に浮遊し、これを吸引することで鼻炎を生じる。このように、その使用は人体への危険度が非常に高く、作業安全性において問題がある。
【0005】
これに対し、石灰スラリー、塩化カルシウム溶液などは塩基度が低く、人体への影響はないことから作業安全性に優れている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−118762号公報(第1−12頁)
【0007】
【特許文献2】
特開平10−95678号公報(第1−9頁)
【0008】
【特許文献3】
特開2001−114542号公報(第1−6頁)
【0009】
【特許文献4】
特開2001−278674号公報(第1−7頁)
【0010】
【特許文献5】
特許第2992259号公報(第1−10頁)
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
湿式吹付け施工方法に使用する急結剤において、前記従来の石灰スラリーは、石灰成分としての水酸化カルシウム(消石灰)を一般市販品における通常の粒度をさらに細粒化し、粒子径30μm以下が80質量%以上占める超微粉とし、溶媒の水と水酸化カルシウムとが急結剤使用待機中に分離するのを防止している。水酸化カルシウムは水と分離すると沈殿硬化し、急結剤としての効果が失われるためである。
【0012】
しかし、超微粉の水酸化カルシウムは比表面積が大きいことで反応性が過剰になるためか、不定形耐火物に対する急結作用が吹付け施工現場の気温に大きく影響される。
【0013】
例えば気温が35℃以上では急結剤の反応が急激となり、不定形耐火物はノズルから噴出されると同時に凝固状態となって、跳ね返り損失が大きいと共に施工体の緻密性に劣る。また、均一な施工厚みが要求される個所への施工では、吹付け直後に鏝などによって施工体を均すトリミング作業を行っているが、吹付け直後に既に施工体が硬く、トリミング作業が困難となる。
【0014】
気温が逆に例えば10℃以下と低い場合は急結作用が大幅に遅延し、施工体の強度不足による垂れ落ちによって所望厚みの施工体の形成が容易でない。特に施工部位が天井の場合、付着率の低下は甚だしい。
【0015】
気温は地域、季節だけではなく、施工現場が炉熱を受け易い個所か否かによっても変化する。水酸化カルシウムを超微粒子に調整した石灰スラリーは、水酸化カルシウムが水と分離するのを防止できるが、反面、以上のようにその反応が施工現場の気温に大きく影響される。その結果、不定形耐火物の付着性が不十分なものとなる。また、適切な急結度を得るために施工毎に、施工現場の気温に合わせて急結剤の濃度、不定形耐火物の結合剤の種類、量などを随時調整しなければならず、施工作業が煩雑となる。
一方、塩化カルシウム溶液よりなる急結剤は、塩素イオンによる水和反応によって不定形耐火物組織中のpH濃度を上昇させ、不定形耐火物を急結凝集させる効果をもつ。しかし、不定形耐火物中のpH濃度の上昇速度が遅く、施工体の強度発現能に劣る。その結果、施工体が例えば100mm以上といった厚肉が要求される場合、あるいは天井面などの脱落し易い個所などの施工において、十分な施工厚みの確保が容易でない。
【0016】
また、水酸化カルシウムと塩化カルシウムとの組合わせた溶液は、従来は水酸化カルシウムを超微粉に調整しておらず、水酸化カルシウムの分離を招く。水酸化カルシウムと塩化カルシウムを混合した直後に使用しても、分離の進行で施工体に対する急結作用が不均一となり、不定形耐火物の付着性、施工後の強度に劣る。
【0017】
本発明は、人体に有害な苛性ソーダを全く含まない石灰スラリーを急結剤とし、その施工性の問題の解決を図ることで、施工性と作業安全性を兼備えた湿式吹付け施工方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0018】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の湿式吹付け方法は、施工水分をもって予め混練した不定形耐火物をノズルに圧送し、ノズルまたはノズル手前で急結剤を添加して吹付ける施工法であって、前記急結剤として塩化カルシウムを含む石灰スラリーを使用すると共に、この石灰スラリーの石灰成分である水酸化カルシウムを粒子径24μm以下が70質量%以上の粒度としたことを特徴とする。
【0019】
例えば気温が30℃以上といった高温下での施工では、超微粉水酸化カルシウムのみによる石灰スラリー急結剤を使用した場合、超微粉水酸化カルシウムの反応性が高いために混練後の不定形耐火物は組織中のpH値が急激に上昇する。これにより、不定形耐火物はノズル部で急結剤が添加されると直ちに凝集が開始し、被施工面に到達するまでに付着に必要な粘性が損なわれ、リバウンドロスによる付着性が低下する。
【0020】
逆に施工時の温度が例えば10℃以下と低い場合は、この超微粉水酸化カルシウムのみの石灰スラリー急結剤は不定形耐火物の凝集作用に必要なpH値の上昇がきわめて遅く、施工体の強度発現能が劣ることで垂れ落ちによる付着性の低下を招く。
【0021】
これに対し本発明は、この超微粉水酸化カルシウムを石灰成分とする石灰スラリーに塩化カルシウムを添加混合した急結剤を使用したものであり、不定形耐火物は施工時の気温に殆ど影響されることなく優れた付着性を発揮する。その理由は以下のとおりと考えられる。
【0022】
塩化カルシウムからくる塩素イオンは混練後の不定形耐火物組織中のpH値を上昇させ、不定形耐火物の凝集硬化させる。この塩素イオンによる作用は、超微粉の水酸化カルシウム粒子による凝集硬化の反応よりも遅く、石灰スラリーは塩素イオンの介在で水酸化カルシウムが超微粉であることによる急激な凝集硬化の反応を緩和する。その結果、この石灰スラリーは温度の影響を殆ど受けない。
【0023】
この塩化カルシウムの塩素イオンによるpH値上昇の反応、水酸化カルシウム粒子の急激な反応の緩和は共に吹付け初期に終了し、持続しない。しかし、一方の水酸化カルシウム粒子の反応は吹付け初期に限られる塩化カルシウムの反応と違って経時的に作用し、凝集硬化の効果を継続させる。
【0024】
超微粉の水酸化カルシウム粒子の急激な反応が原因したリバウンドロスなどの弊害は吹付け直後のことである。塩化カルシウムによって吹付け直後の急激な反応が緩和し、付着性を向上させ、その後の経時下では超微粉の水酸化カルシウム粒子の急激な反応は施工体の強度付与に効果的に作用し、特に天井面などの施工部位に対しても優れた付着性を発揮する。
【0025】
特許文献4の特開2001−278674号公報で提案された石灰スラリーは、塩化リチウムが添加されている。塩化リチウムも塩素イオンを生成する以上、不定形耐火物の凝集硬化、さらにはその硬化が気温に影響を受け難いなどの作用をもつことが考えられる。
【0026】
しかし、塩化リチウムを添加した石灰スラリー急結剤の使用は、塩化リチウム成分中のリチウムがリチウムヒドロメタアルミネートの水和物〔LiH(AlO5HO〕を生成し、この水和物が施工体組織の気孔に充填して施工体の通気性が損なわれる。そして、施工体乾燥時に水蒸気の通路が失われることで施工体の乾燥爆裂の原因となる。また、塩化リチウムの添加は塩化カルシウムに比べて石灰スラリー急結剤中のトータルカルシウム濃度が低下し、付着性が低下して施工性に劣る。
【0027】
本発明において、石灰スラリー中の水酸化カルシウムを前記よりさらに細粒化し、粒子径15μm以下が70質量%以上占める粒度とした場合は、不定形耐火物との反応がさらに顕著となる。その結果、経時下の強度発現能が一層向上し、例えば200mm以上の厚吹き施工さらには天井面に対する施工において特に有効である。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、施工水分をもって予め混練した不定形耐火物をノズルに圧送し、ノズルまたはノズル手前で急結剤を添加して吹付ける点は従来方法と特に変わりない。
【0029】
不定形耐火物の組成は、具体的には耐火性原料、結合剤、分散剤を含み、必要によりさらに有機繊維、金属粉、増粘剤、硬化促進剤、硬化遅延剤などを組み合わせる。
【0030】
耐火性原料は、アルミナ、ボーキサイト、ばん土けつ岩、ムライト、ろう石、けい石、シャモット、アンダルサイト、ケイ石、溶融シリカ、マグネシア、マグネシア−カルシア、Al−MgO系スピネル、クロム鉱、シリマナイト等から選ばれる一種以上を主材とし、必要に応じて、さらにジルコニア、炭素、炭化珪素、粘土、ピッチ等から選ばれる一種以上を組み合わせる。また、その一部に、耐火物廃材を粉砕したものを使用してもよい。
【0031】
耐火性原料の粒径調整は施工時の流動性・付着性、施工体の緻密性等を考慮し、粗粒、中粒、微粒に適宜調整する。また、微粒には、仮焼アルミナ、軽焼マグネシア、揮発シリカ、仮焼スピネル等の平均粒径10μm以下の超微粉を組み合わせることが好ましい。
【0032】
結合剤はアルミナセメント、マグネシアセメント、ポルトランドセメント、乳酸カルシウム、乳酸アルミニウムなどを使用する。その添加量は耐火性原料100質量%に対し、結合剤の種類に応じて1〜15質量%の範囲で調整するのが好ましい。中でも、施工体の強度付与および耐火性を兼備えたアルミナセメントが好ましい。
【0033】
また、不定形耐火物の耐火性原料の一部に例えば揮発シリカ、仮焼アルミナなどの耐火性超微粉を使用することで、不定形耐火物に十分な凝集作用が得られる場合は、前記使用の結合剤は必ずしも必要でない。
【0034】
分散剤は不定形耐火物に対する流動性付与の効果を持つ。その具体例は、トリポリリン酸ソーダ、ヘキサメタリン酸ソーダ、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリアクリルリン酸ソーダ、ポリカルボン酸、リグニンスルホン酸ソーダ、カルボキシル基含有ポリエーテルなどである。好ましい添加量は、耐火性原料100質量%に対して0.01〜1質量%である。
【0035】
施工に際しては、施工水分を添加して不定形耐火物を予め混練する。施工水分量は不定形耐火物組成全体に対する外掛けで12質量%以下が好ましく、さらに好ましくは5〜8質量%である。
【0036】
次いで、混練後の不定形耐火物を圧送ポンプで高圧ホースに送り出し、ノズルに圧送し、ノズルまたはノズル手前で急結剤を添加し、吹付ける。急結剤の混入と不定形耐火物の噴出補助のために、不定形耐火物への急結剤の添加は圧搾空気をもって行うのが好ましい。
【0037】
また、不定形耐火物を混練する際、施工水分の一部使用し、残りの施工水分をノズルまたはノズル手前で添加して吹付けてもよい。
【0038】
急結剤の組成は水酸化カルシウムを石灰成分として含む石灰スラリーとする。本発明では、この水酸化カルシウムを粒子径24μm以下が70質量%以上、さらに好ましくは90質量%以上占める粒度とする。最大粒径は特に限定されないが30〜100μmが好ましい。また、平均粒径は、20μm以下が好ましい。
【0039】
水酸化カルシウムは粒子径24μm以下が本発明で限定した範囲より少ない場合、水酸化カルシウムと水との分離抑制の効果がなく、急結剤の急結作用が低下し、不定形耐火物の付着性に劣る。また、水酸化カルシウムの沈殿硬化により、数時間経過後は攪拌しても水酸化カルシウムの分散が困難な状態となる。
【0040】
水酸化カルシウムをさらに微細化して粒子径15μm以下が70質量%以上、さらに好ましくは90質量%以上とした場合は、混練物との反応硬化性がさらに向上し、厚吹き施工さらには天井面施工に有効である。
【0041】
水酸化カルシウムの粒径は、例えばレーザー回折法による測定によって特定化する。粒度が本発明の範囲内の水酸化カルシウムを溶媒の水に投入し、分散させることで石灰スラリーを得る。水酸化カルシウムは微溶解性のために石灰スラリー中に粒状物として残留する。
【0042】
石灰スラリーに含ませる塩化カルシウムは、粉末あるいは溶液のいずれでも使用できる。塩化カルシウムは粉末であっても、水酸化カルシウムと違い石灰スラリー中で直ちに溶解し、粒状物としては残留しない。その使用量は石灰スラリー中に占める割合で、塩化カルシウム/水酸化カルシウムの質量比が5/95〜80/20になるように調整するのが好ましい。塩化カルシウムがこれより少ないと実質的に水酸化カルシウムのみの組成となり、急結作用が施工現場の気温に影響され、本発明の効果が不十分なものとなる。
【0043】
塩化カルシウムが多過ぎると、その分、水酸化カルシウムの割合が少なくなることで気温変動による急結作用の影響少ないが、水酸化カルシウムによる経時下での強度発現の効果が十分発揮されない。
【0044】
石灰スラリーにおける水酸化カルシウムおよび塩化カルシウムの濃度は、水酸化カルシウムと塩化カルシウムの合計量で例えば10〜70質量%になるように調整するのが好ましい。
【0045】
また、特許文献3の特開2001−114542号公報に見られるようにこの石灰スラリーにさらに分散剤を添加してもよい。分散剤は石灰スラリーを低粘性化し、エアー搬送時の安定供給性優れる。その添加量は、石灰スラリー中の塩化カルシウムおよび水酸化カルシウムの合計量100質量%(固形成分量)に対する外掛け1質量%以下とする。さらに好ましくは0.01〜0.5質量%である。
【0046】
石灰スラリーに添加する前記分散剤は、不定形耐火物に添加する分散剤と同様、例えばヘキサメタリン酸ソーダ、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリアクリルリン酸ソーダ、ポリカルボン酸、リグニンスルホン酸ソーダ、カルボキシル基含有ポリエーテルなどが使用できる。
【0047】
本発明方法による施工対象の工業窯炉としては、例えば高炉樋・混銑車・転炉・溶鋼鍋・タンディッシュなどの溶融金属容器、あるいは焼却炉・セメントプラント炉、均熱炉、加熱炉等の内張りあるいはその補修である。
【0048】
【実施例】
以下、本発明実施例による湿式吹付け施工方法とその比較例を示す。また、同時にそれらの試験結果を示す。
【0049】
表1は各例に使用した急結剤ついて、その組成、水酸化カルシウムの粒度、固形成分の沈降分離開始時間である。なお、この急結剤の溶媒はいずれも水とし、固形成分の濃度は45質量%とした。表2は、各例で使用した急結剤と吹付け施工体の各種特性の試験結果である。
【0050】
水酸化カルシウムは、宇部マテリアルズ株式会社製の「特選消石灰(CaO:74質量%)」を使用した。細粒化はボールミル粉砕にて行った。粒径はレーザー回折法によって測定した。水酸化カルシウムを表1に示した各粒度に調整後、溶媒の水に添加し、石灰スラリーを得た。
【0051】
石灰スラリーの分離性の試験として、沈降分離開始時間を測定した。この試験では、内径250mmの透明なプラスチック容器に10リットルの急結剤を入れ、固形成分の沈降で上部に透明な水の層が形成が開始するまでの時間(hr)を測定した。開始時間が遅いほど水酸化カルシウムと水との分離が生じ難い。
塩化カルシウムは、株式会社トクヤマ製の「粒状塩化カルシウム」を使用した。これを単独の溶液あるいは石灰スラリーへ添加して使用した。
【0052】
湿式吹付け施工装置は、アレンタウン(Allentown)社製10PROスイング弁ダブルピストンポンプを備え、圧送管は内径0.051m(2インチ)、長さ24.48m(100フィート)の耐圧ホースとし、圧送管の先端には長さ200mmの先絞りゴム製ノズルを接続したものを使用した。
【0053】
不定形耐火物に対する急結剤の供給は、スネークポンプを有するモーノポンプを使用し、さらに0.55MPa(70psi)、8.5m/分(240cft)の圧縮空気をキャリアとし、前記ゴム製ノズルに接続した供給管を介して行った。
【0054】
被施工面は、長さ150mm×直径5mmのステンレス製スタッドを150mmピッチで植設した鉄板とした。垂直面、天井面のそれぞれに施工した。
【0055】
不定形耐火物は、粒径8〜1mm35質量%、1mm以下57質量%のアルミナ、粘土2質量%、仮焼アルミナ3質量%、蒸発シリカ3質量%よりなる耐火原料100質量%に、結合剤としてアルミナセメント4質量%、分散剤としてトリポリリン酸ソーダ0.1質量%を添加した組成のものを使用した。施工に際しては施工水分6質量%添加し、ミキサーにて予め十分に混練した。
【0056】
急結剤の添加量は、不定形耐火物(施工水分量を除いた量)に対する外掛けで0.6質量%とした。
【0057】
吹付け施工体の強度発現能の試験は、貫入先端面が6mm径の円形を有する貫入硬度計を用いた。不定形耐火物を吹付け施工1時間経過後に測定した。貫入先端面が不定形耐火物施工体に貫入する際の抵抗荷重を測定した。数値が大きいほど強度発現能に優れている。
【0058】
不定形耐火物の付着性の試験は、低温(7℃)、常温(23℃)、高温(35℃)の三段階の気温下において、垂直面、天井面のそれぞれの被施工面に対する付着率を求めた。
【0059】
施工体のトリミング性は、前記と同様に三段階の気温下で試験した。垂直面に対して不定形耐火物を吹付け、30分経過後、鏝を用いて施工体の厚さを均一化し、その際の均一化作業の容易度を求めた。◎…きわめて良、○…良、△…やや困難、×…困難で評価した。
【0060】
乾燥性は、不定形耐火物を垂直面に吹付けし、24時間養生後の施工体を800℃の電気炉に挿入し、亀裂発生状況、爆裂の有無などによって良、不良を測定した。
【0061】
【表1】

Figure 2004233005
【表2】
Figure 2004233005
表2において、符号1〜10は本発明の範囲内の施工方法であって、石灰スラリーがもつ作業安全性に加え、気温に影響されること無く不定形耐火物は垂直面、天井面のいずれに対しても優れた付着性を示す。施工体のトリミング性も同様に気温にほとんど影響されず、良好な結果が得られた。
【0062】
なお、この本発明の範囲内の施工方法において、符号10は石灰スラリーに分散剤としてトリポリリン酸ソーダを水酸化カルシウムおよび塩化カルシウムの合量に対する外掛けで0.2質量%添加した急結剤を使用したものである。前記効果に加え、急結剤の安定供給に優れている。
【0063】
これに対し符号11は、急結剤として塩化カルシウムを含む石灰スラリーを使用しているが、石灰成分である水酸化カルシウムの粒度が市販品そのままであり、粒度が本発明が限定した範囲のものより大きく、水酸化カルシウムの分離によって不定形耐火物の付着率が大幅に低下している。また、それが原因して特に天井面に対する施工体の形成が困難であった。十分な厚肉の施工体が確保できず、トリミング性および乾燥性の試験を行わなかった。
【0064】
符号12は急結剤として、塩化カルシウムを含まない石灰スラリーの使用例であり、安定した施工性が得られない。すなわち、粒度を本発明の範囲内に調整した水酸化カルシウムの使用によって分離は生じないが、塩化カルシウムを含まないことで気温の影響を受け、低温下での吹付けにおいては、施工体にタレ現象が生じ不定形耐火物の付着率が大きく低下する。また、高温での吹付けにおいては、リバウンドロスが多く付着率が低下する。
【0065】
塩化リチウムを含む石灰スラリーを急結剤とする符号13は、付着性に劣り、しかも乾燥性の試験では乾燥爆裂が生じた。
【0066】
急結剤に塩化カルシウム溶液を使用した符号14は、吹付け初期での不定形耐火物の付着性は問題ないが、施工体の強度発現が遅いために厚肉の施工体の形成が容易でない。また、天井面に対しては不定形耐火物の落下で付着性がきわめて悪い。
【0067】
珪酸アルカリ溶液を使用した符号15は、付着性においては本発明と同等の結果を示すが、珪酸アルカリ溶液が人体に有害な苛性ソーダを含み、作業安全性において本発明の効果が得られない。
【0068】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、石灰スラリーよりなる急結剤を使用した不定形耐火物湿式吹付け施工方法において、施工現場の気温に影響されることなく安定した施工性を示す。その結果、石灰スラリー急結剤がもつ作業安全性と、優れた付着性をいかんなく発揮することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an amorphous refractory wet spraying method that is excellent in work safety and workability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a lining for various industrial kilns with irregular shaped refractories or as a repair, kneading irregular shaped refractories with the required amount of construction moisture in advance, pumping them to the nozzle, and adding a quick-setting agent to the nozzle or just before the nozzle and blowing A wet spraying method is known.
[0003]
Conventionally, the quick-setting agent used in this method is an alkali aluminate solution, an alkali silicate solution (for example, see Patent Document 1), a calcium chloride solution (for example, see Patent Document 2), a lime slurry mainly composed of slaked lime. (For example, see Patent Documents 3 and 4), and a solution in which calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride are combined (for example, see Patent Document 5).
[0004]
Of these, alkali aluminate or alkali silicate solutions are excellent in quick-setting properties, but because of their high basicity including caustic soda, the skin becomes rash or burned when directly touched. In addition, a part of the nozzle floats in a mist form at the time of spraying construction, and rhinitis is generated by sucking the mist. Thus, its use is very dangerous to the human body and there is a problem in work safety.
[0005]
On the other hand, lime slurry, calcium chloride solution and the like have a low basicity and do not affect the human body, so that they are excellent in work safety.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-118762 (pages 1 to 12)
[0007]
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-95678 (pages 1-9)
[0008]
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-114542 A (pages 1-6)
[0009]
[Patent Document 4]
JP 2001-278675 A (pages 1-7)
[0010]
[Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent No. 2992259 (pages 1 to 10)
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the quick setting agent used in the wet spraying method, the conventional lime slurry further reduces the normal particle size of calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) as a lime component to that of a general commercially available product, and the particle size is 30 μm or less. It is an ultra-fine powder occupying at least mass%, and prevents separation of water and calcium hydroxide as solvents during use of the quick-setting binder. This is because calcium hydroxide precipitates and hardens when separated from water, and loses its effect as a quick setting agent.
[0012]
However, the ultra-fine powder of calcium hydroxide has a large specific surface area and therefore has an excessive reactivity, or the quick-setting action on the amorphous refractory is greatly affected by the temperature at the spraying construction site.
[0013]
For example, when the temperature is 35 ° C. or more, the reaction of the quick-setting agent becomes rapid, and the amorphous refractory is ejected from the nozzle and becomes solidified at the same time, resulting in a large rebound loss and poor denseness of the construction. In addition, when performing work in places where a uniform work thickness is required, trimming work is performed using a trowel or the like immediately after spraying, but the work is already hard immediately after spraying, making trimming difficult. It becomes.
[0014]
Conversely, when the air temperature is low, for example, 10 ° C. or less, the quick-setting action is greatly delayed, and it is not easy to form a construction having a desired thickness due to dripping due to insufficient strength of the construction. Particularly when the construction site is a ceiling, the adhesion rate is significantly reduced.
[0015]
The temperature changes not only depending on the region and season, but also depending on whether the construction site is a place where furnace heat is easily received. A lime slurry in which calcium hydroxide is adjusted to ultrafine particles can prevent calcium hydroxide from being separated from water, but the reaction is greatly affected by the temperature of the construction site as described above. As a result, the adhesion of the amorphous refractory becomes insufficient. In addition, in order to obtain an appropriate quick setting degree, the concentration of the quick setting agent, the type and amount of the binder of the amorphous refractory, etc. must be adjusted as needed according to the temperature at the construction site, and The work becomes complicated.
On the other hand, a quick-setting agent composed of a calcium chloride solution has an effect of increasing the pH concentration in the amorphous refractory tissue by a hydration reaction with chloride ions, and rapidly setting and coagulating the amorphous refractory. However, the rate of increase in the pH concentration in the amorphous refractory is slow, and the strength of the construction body is poor. As a result, it is not easy to ensure a sufficient construction thickness when the construction body is required to have a thickness of, for example, 100 mm or more, or in a place such as a ceiling surface which is likely to fall off.
[0016]
Further, in the case of a solution in which calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride are combined, calcium hydroxide has not been conventionally adjusted to ultrafine powder, which causes separation of calcium hydroxide. Even if calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride are used immediately after mixing, the quick-setting effect on the construction body becomes uneven due to the progress of separation, and the adhesion of the amorphous refractory and the strength after construction are poor.
[0017]
The present invention provides a wet spraying method that combines workability and work safety by using a lime slurry containing no caustic soda that is harmful to the human body as a quick setting agent and solving the workability problem. The purpose is to do.
[0018]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The wet spraying method of the present invention is a construction method in which an amorphous refractory pre-kneaded with construction moisture is pumped to a nozzle, and a quick-setting agent is added and sprayed in front of the nozzle or the nozzle. A lime slurry containing calcium chloride is used, and calcium hydroxide, which is a lime component of the lime slurry, has a particle diameter of 24 μm or less and a particle size of 70% by mass or more.
[0019]
For example, when the lime slurry quick-setting agent using only ultra-fine calcium hydroxide is used in the construction at a high temperature such as an air temperature of 30 ° C. or more, the irregular refractory after kneading due to the high reactivity of the ultra-fine calcium hydroxide. The pH value in the tissue rapidly increases. As a result, the amorphous refractory begins to agglomerate immediately after the quick-setting agent is added at the nozzle portion, and the viscosity required for adhesion before reaching the work surface is impaired, and the adhesion by rebound dross is reduced. .
[0020]
Conversely, when the temperature at the time of construction is low, for example, 10 ° C. or less, the lime slurry quick-setting agent containing only ultrafine calcium hydroxide increases the pH value required for the coagulation action of amorphous refractories very slowly, Is inferior in the strength developing ability, which causes a decrease in adhesion due to dripping.
[0021]
On the other hand, the present invention uses a quick-setting admixture obtained by adding calcium chloride to a lime slurry containing the ultrafine calcium hydroxide as a lime component, and the irregular-shaped refractory is almost affected by the temperature at the time of construction. Demonstrates excellent adhesion without any need. The reason is considered as follows.
[0022]
Chloride ions coming from calcium chloride increase the pH value in the amorphous refractory structure after kneading, and cause the amorphous refractory to coagulate and harden. The action of this chloride ion is slower than the coagulation and hardening reaction of the ultrafine calcium hydroxide particles, and the lime slurry moderates the rapid coagulation and hardening reaction of calcium hydroxide as an ultrafine powder through the presence of chloride ions. . As a result, the lime slurry is hardly affected by temperature.
[0023]
Both the reaction of increasing the pH value of the calcium chloride due to the chloride ion and the easing of the rapid reaction of the calcium hydroxide particles are completed at the beginning of spraying and do not continue. However, unlike the reaction of calcium chloride, which is limited to the initial stage of spraying, the reaction of one of the calcium hydroxide particles acts over time to maintain the effect of coagulation and hardening.
[0024]
The adverse effects such as rebound loss caused by the rapid reaction of the ultrafine calcium hydroxide particles are immediately after spraying. Calcium chloride moderates the sudden reaction immediately after spraying, improves the adhesion, and over time thereafter, the rapid reaction of the ultra-fine calcium hydroxide particles effectively acts to impart strength to the construction body, especially Demonstrates excellent adhesion to construction sites such as ceilings.
[0025]
Lime slurry proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-278675 of Patent Document 4 contains lithium chloride. Since lithium chloride also generates chloride ions, it is considered that the amorphous refractory has an effect of coagulating and hardening the amorphous refractory, and further has an effect that the hardening is hardly affected by the temperature.
[0026]
However, the use of lime slurry quick-setting admixture with added lithium chloride, lithium in lithium chloride component generates a hydrate of lithium hydroperoxide meth aluminate [LiH (AlO 2) 2 5H 2 O ], hydrated The material fills the pores of the construction body structure and impairs the permeability of the construction body. Then, the passage of water vapor is lost at the time of drying the construction body, which causes a drying explosion of the construction body. Further, the addition of lithium chloride lowers the total calcium concentration in the lime slurry quick-setting agent as compared with calcium chloride, lowers the adhesiveness, and is inferior in workability.
[0027]
In the present invention, when the calcium hydroxide in the lime slurry is further finely divided into particles having a particle size of 15% or less and 70% by mass or more, the reaction with the amorphous refractory becomes more remarkable. As a result, the ability to develop strength over time is further improved, and this is particularly effective in, for example, thick blowing of 200 mm or more, and also on the ceiling surface.
[0028]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, there is no particular difference from the conventional method in that an amorphous refractory which has been previously kneaded with working water is pressure-fed to a nozzle, and a quick-setting agent is added and sprayed in front of the nozzle or the nozzle.
[0029]
The composition of the amorphous refractory specifically includes a refractory raw material, a binder, and a dispersant, and further combines an organic fiber, a metal powder, a thickener, a hardening accelerator, a hardening retarder, and the like, if necessary.
[0030]
Refractory raw material, alumina, bauxite, bands shale, mullite, pyrophyllite, silica stone, chamotte, andalusite, silica rock, fused silica, magnesia, magnesia - calcia, Al 2 O 3 -MgO spinel, chromium ore And at least one selected from the group consisting of zirconia, carbon, silicon carbide, clay, pitch and the like, if necessary. In addition, a part obtained by crushing refractory waste materials may be used for a part thereof.
[0031]
The particle size of the refractory raw material is appropriately adjusted to coarse, medium, and fine particles in consideration of fluidity and adhesion at the time of construction, denseness of the construction body, and the like. Further, it is preferable to combine ultrafine powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less such as calcined alumina, lightly calcined magnesia, volatile silica, and calcined spinel.
[0032]
As the binder, alumina cement, magnesia cement, Portland cement, calcium lactate, aluminum lactate or the like is used. The addition amount is preferably adjusted in the range of 1 to 15% by mass, depending on the type of the binder, with respect to 100% by mass of the refractory raw material. Among them, alumina cement having both the strength imparting property and the fire resistance of the construction body is preferable.
[0033]
Further, when a refractory raw material such as volatile silica or calcined alumina is used as a part of the refractory raw material of the amorphous refractory, if the amorphous refractory has a sufficient coagulation action, the above-mentioned use is possible. Is not necessary.
[0034]
The dispersant has an effect of imparting fluidity to the amorphous refractory. Specific examples thereof include sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, polycarboxylic acid, sodium ligninsulfonate, and carboxyl group-containing polyether. A preferable addition amount is 0.01 to 1% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the refractory raw material.
[0035]
At the time of construction, the irregular-shaped refractory is kneaded in advance by adding construction moisture. The working water content is preferably 12% by mass or less, more preferably 5 to 8% by mass, based on the entire amorphous refractory composition.
[0036]
Next, the kneaded irregular-shaped refractory is sent out to a high-pressure hose by a pressure pump, fed to a nozzle, and a quick-setting agent is added and sprayed in front of the nozzle or the nozzle. It is preferable that the addition of the quick setting agent to the irregular refractory is performed with compressed air in order to mix the quick setting agent and assist the ejection of the irregular refractory.
[0037]
Further, when kneading the irregular shaped refractory, a part of the construction moisture may be used, and the remaining construction moisture may be added and sprayed in front of the nozzle or the nozzle.
[0038]
The composition of the quick setting agent is a lime slurry containing calcium hydroxide as a lime component. In the present invention, the calcium hydroxide has a particle size in which a particle size of 24 μm or less accounts for 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more. The maximum particle size is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 100 μm. The average particle size is preferably 20 μm or less.
[0039]
If the particle size of calcium hydroxide is less than 24 μm, the separation of calcium hydroxide and water is not suppressed, the quick-setting effect of the quick-setting agent is reduced, and the adhesion of irregular refractories Poor sex. Further, due to precipitation hardening of calcium hydroxide, dispersion of calcium hydroxide becomes difficult even after stirring for several hours even if stirred.
[0040]
When the calcium hydroxide is further refined to make the particle size of 15 μm or less 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, the reaction hardenability with the kneaded material is further improved, and the thick-blowing and the ceiling surface construction are performed. It is effective for
[0041]
The particle size of the calcium hydroxide is specified by, for example, measurement by a laser diffraction method. A lime slurry is obtained by adding calcium hydroxide having a particle size within the range of the present invention to water as a solvent and dispersing the same. Calcium hydroxide remains as particulate matter in the lime slurry due to its low solubility.
[0042]
The calcium chloride contained in the lime slurry can be used either as a powder or as a solution. Unlike calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride dissolves immediately in lime slurry, unlike calcium hydroxide, and does not remain as particulate matter. It is preferable that the used amount is adjusted in such a manner that the mass ratio of calcium chloride / calcium hydroxide is 5/95 to 80/20 in proportion to the lime slurry. If the amount of calcium chloride is less than this, the composition becomes substantially only calcium hydroxide, the quick-setting effect is affected by the temperature at the construction site, and the effect of the present invention becomes insufficient.
[0043]
If the amount of calcium chloride is too large, the effect of rapid setting due to temperature fluctuations is small due to a decrease in the proportion of calcium hydroxide, but the effect of calcium hydroxide to exert strength over time is not sufficiently exhibited.
[0044]
The concentration of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in the lime slurry is preferably adjusted so that the total amount of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride is, for example, 10 to 70% by mass.
[0045]
In addition, a dispersant may be further added to the lime slurry as disclosed in JP-A-2001-114542 of Patent Document 3. The dispersing agent lowers the viscosity of the lime slurry and has excellent stable supply during air conveyance. The addition amount is 1% by mass or less based on the total amount of 100% by mass (solid component amount) of calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide in the lime slurry. More preferably, the content is 0.01 to 0.5% by mass.
[0046]
The dispersant to be added to the lime slurry is, for example, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, polycarboxylic acid, sodium ligninsulfonate, carboxyl group-containing, like the dispersant added to the amorphous refractory. Polyether and the like can be used.
[0047]
Industrial kiln furnaces to be constructed by the method of the present invention include, for example, molten metal containers such as blast furnace gutters, mixed iron wheels, converters, molten steel pots, tundishes, or incinerators, cement plant furnaces, soaking furnaces, heating furnaces, and the like. Lining or its repair.
[0048]
【Example】
Hereinafter, a wet spraying method according to an embodiment of the present invention and a comparative example thereof will be described. The test results are shown at the same time.
[0049]
Table 1 shows the composition, the particle size of calcium hydroxide, and the onset time of sedimentation and separation of solid components for the quick-setting agent used in each example. The solvent of the quick-setting agent was water, and the concentration of the solid component was 45% by mass. Table 2 shows the test results of the quick-setting agent used in each example and various characteristics of the sprayed construction.
[0050]
As the calcium hydroxide, “Special Slaked Lime (CaO: 74% by mass)” manufactured by Ube Materials Co., Ltd. was used. Refinement was performed by ball mill pulverization. The particle size was measured by a laser diffraction method. After adjusting calcium hydroxide to each particle size shown in Table 1, it was added to water as a solvent to obtain a lime slurry.
[0051]
As a test for the separability of the lime slurry, the sedimentation start time was measured. In this test, 10 liters of a quick-setting admixture was placed in a transparent plastic container having an inner diameter of 250 mm, and the time (hr) until the formation of a transparent water layer on top due to sedimentation of solid components was measured. As the start time is later, separation of calcium hydroxide and water is less likely to occur.
As the calcium chloride, “granular calcium chloride” manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation was used. This was added to a single solution or a lime slurry and used.
[0052]
The wet spraying apparatus is equipped with a 10PRO swing valve double piston pump manufactured by Allentown, and the pressure feeding pipe is a pressure-resistant hose having an inner diameter of 0.051 m (2 inches) and a length of 24.48 m (100 feet). At the tip of the tube, a tube with a 200 mm long tapered rubber nozzle was used.
[0053]
The supply of the quick setting agent to the amorphous refractory is carried out by using a Mohno pump having a snake pump, further using compressed air of 0.55 MPa (70 psi) and 8.5 m 3 / min (240 cft) as a carrier, and supplying the rubber nozzle to the rubber nozzle. This was done via a connected supply tube.
[0054]
The work surface was an iron plate in which stainless steel studs having a length of 150 mm and a diameter of 5 mm were implanted at a pitch of 150 mm. It was installed on each of the vertical and ceiling surfaces.
[0055]
Amorphous refractories are composed of 100% by mass of a refractory raw material composed of alumina, clay of 2% by mass, calcined alumina of 3% by mass, and evaporated silica of 3% by mass, a binder having a particle size of 8 to 1 mm, 35% by mass, 1% or less and 57% by mass. Used was a composition in which 4% by mass of alumina cement was added and 0.1% by mass of sodium tripolyphosphate was added as a dispersant. At the time of construction, construction water was added by 6% by mass and kneaded sufficiently with a mixer in advance.
[0056]
The addition amount of the quick setting agent was set to 0.6% by mass on the basis of the outer shape with respect to the irregular refractory (the amount excluding the amount of water for construction).
[0057]
In the test of the strength developing ability of the sprayed construction, a penetration hardness meter having a 6 mm diameter circular penetration tip surface was used. The measurement was performed one hour after spraying the amorphous refractory. The resistance load at the time when the penetrating tip face penetrated into the irregular-shaped refractory construction was measured. The larger the value, the better the strength developing ability.
[0058]
The adhesion test of amorphous refractories is performed at three different temperatures: low temperature (7 ° C), normal temperature (23 ° C), and high temperature (35 ° C). I asked.
[0059]
The trimming property of the construction body was tested at three temperatures under the same conditions as described above. An irregular-shaped refractory was sprayed on the vertical surface, and after 30 minutes, the thickness of the construction body was made uniform using a trowel, and the easiness of the uniforming work at that time was obtained. ◎: extremely good, ○: good, Δ: slightly difficult, ×: difficult.
[0060]
The drying property was determined by spraying an amorphous refractory onto a vertical surface, inserting the molded body after curing for 24 hours into an electric furnace at 800 ° C., and measuring good or bad according to the state of crack generation, the presence or absence of explosion, and the like.
[0061]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004233005
[Table 2]
Figure 2004233005
In Table 2, reference numerals 1 to 10 denote construction methods within the scope of the present invention. In addition to the work safety of lime slurry, irregular-shaped refractories can be used regardless of the vertical surface or ceiling surface without being affected by air temperature. Also shows excellent adhesion to Similarly, the trimming property of the construction body was hardly affected by the temperature, and good results were obtained.
[0062]
In the construction method within the scope of the present invention, reference numeral 10 denotes a quick setting agent obtained by adding sodium tripolyphosphate as a dispersant to the lime slurry by 0.2% by mass relative to the total amount of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride. Used. In addition to the above effects, it is excellent in the stable supply of quick-setting agents.
[0063]
On the other hand, reference numeral 11 uses a lime slurry containing calcium chloride as a quick setting agent, but the particle size of calcium hydroxide, which is a lime component, is the same as a commercial product, and the particle size is in a range limited by the present invention. Larger, the adhesion rate of the amorphous refractory is greatly reduced by separation of calcium hydroxide. In addition, it is difficult to form a construction body particularly on a ceiling surface due to this. A sufficiently thick construction body could not be secured, and no test of trimming property and drying property was performed.
[0064]
Reference numeral 12 is a use example of a lime slurry containing no calcium chloride as a quick setting agent, and stable workability cannot be obtained. That is, although separation does not occur by the use of calcium hydroxide whose particle size is adjusted within the range of the present invention, since it does not contain calcium chloride, it is affected by the temperature, and when spraying at a low temperature, the construction body is sagged. The phenomenon occurs, and the adhesion rate of the irregular-shaped refractory decreases greatly. In addition, when spraying at a high temperature, the amount of rebound dross is large, and the adhesion rate is reduced.
[0065]
The code 13 using a lime slurry containing lithium chloride as a quick setting agent was inferior in adhesion, and a dry explosion occurred in a drying test.
[0066]
The code 14 using a calcium chloride solution as a quick setting agent has no problem in the adhesion of the amorphous refractory in the initial stage of spraying, but it is not easy to form a thick-walled construction because the strength development of the construction is slow. . In addition, the adherence to the ceiling surface is extremely poor due to the fall of the irregular-shaped refractory.
[0067]
Reference numeral 15 using an alkali silicate solution shows the same result as in the present invention in terms of adhesion, but the alkali silicate solution contains caustic soda harmful to the human body, and the effect of the present invention is not obtained in work safety.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention shows stable workability without being affected by the temperature of a construction site in an amorphous refractory wet spraying construction method using a quick setting agent made of a lime slurry. As a result, the work safety and the excellent adhesion of the lime slurry quick-setting agent can be fully exhibited.

Claims (5)

施工水分をもって予め混練した不定形耐火物をノズルに圧送し、ノズルまたはノズル手前で急結剤を添加して吹付ける施工法であって、前記急結剤として塩化カルシウムを含む石灰スラリーを使用すると共に、この石灰スラリーの石灰成分である水酸化カルシウムを粒子径24μm以下が70質量%以上の粒度とした不定形耐火物湿式吹付け施工方法。This is a construction method in which an amorphous refractory previously kneaded with construction moisture is pumped to a nozzle, and a quick-setting agent is added and sprayed in front of the nozzle or the nozzle, and a lime slurry containing calcium chloride is used as the quick-setting agent. In addition, an amorphous refractory wet spraying method in which calcium hydroxide, which is a lime component of the lime slurry, has a particle diameter of 24% or less and 70% by mass or more. 石灰スラリー中の塩化カルシウム/水酸化カルシウムの質量比が5/95〜80/20である請求項1記載の不定形耐火物湿式吹付け施工方法。The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of calcium chloride / calcium hydroxide in the lime slurry is 5/95 to 80/20. 水酸化カルシウムを粒子径15μm以下が70質量%以上とした粒度とする請求項1または2記載の不定形耐火物湿式吹付け施工方法。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the calcium hydroxide has a particle size of 70% by mass or more when the particle size is 15 µm or less. 石灰スラリーが塩化カルシウムおよび水酸化カルシウムの合計量100質量%(固形成分量)に対する外掛けで分散剤1質量%以下を添加した請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の不定形耐火物湿式吹付け施工方法。4. The amorphous refractory wet blowing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lime slurry is added with 1% by mass or less of a dispersant in an outer manner relative to a total amount of 100% by mass (solid component amount) of calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide. Installation method. 不定形耐火物を混練する際、施工水分の一部使用し、残りの施工水分をノズルまたはノズル手前で添加する請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の不定形耐火物湿式吹付け施工方法。5. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the amorphous refractory is kneaded, a part of the construction moisture is used, and the remaining construction moisture is added at the nozzle or just before the nozzle.
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JP2011214762A (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-27 Kurosaki Harima Corp Method of spray application of monolithic refractory and spray application device
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JP2011169498A (en) * 2010-02-17 2011-09-01 Kurosaki Harima Corp Wet-spraying method
JP2011214762A (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-27 Kurosaki Harima Corp Method of spray application of monolithic refractory and spray application device
JP2014065615A (en) * 2012-09-24 2014-04-17 Kurosaki Harima Corp Accelerator and wet-spraying application method
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