JP2004226826A - Fixing device - Google Patents

Fixing device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004226826A
JP2004226826A JP2003016157A JP2003016157A JP2004226826A JP 2004226826 A JP2004226826 A JP 2004226826A JP 2003016157 A JP2003016157 A JP 2003016157A JP 2003016157 A JP2003016157 A JP 2003016157A JP 2004226826 A JP2004226826 A JP 2004226826A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
film
image
heating
pressing force
temperature
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JP2003016157A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Etsushi Kojima
悦嗣 小嶋
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Priority to JP2003016157A priority Critical patent/JP2004226826A/en
Publication of JP2004226826A publication Critical patent/JP2004226826A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize the prolongation of the life of fixing film. <P>SOLUTION: In the fixing device having the film 2 moving in contact with a heating member 6, and a pressure member 4 forming a nip part N with the member 6 through the film 2, a member to be heated P is introduced to the nip part N and moved to pass through the nip part N together with the film 2, whereby the material P is processed to be heated by receiving the heat from the member 6 through the film 2. The fixing device has a glossiness detection means for detecting the glossiness of the surface layer of the film and a pressuring force changing means for changing pressuring force between the member 6 and the pressure member 4 in accordance with detection output from the glossiness detection means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、加熱装置、像加熱装置、及び画像形成装置に係る定着装置に関する。
【0002】
より詳しくは、加熱部材と、この加熱部材の温度を検知する温度検知部材と、被加熱部材加熱時に該温度検知部材の検知温度が所定の加熱温度に一定に維持されるように前記加熱部材への通電を制御する通電制御手段とを有し、装置に通紙された被加熱部材を加熱部材からの熱で加熱処理する加熱装置に係る定着装置に関する。
【0003】
また、電子写真装置・静電記録装置等の画像形成装置において、転写材・感光紙・静電記録紙等の被記録材(像支持部材)上に適宜の作像プロセス手段にて形成担持させた画像を加熱して、像定着やつや等の表面性の改質、仮定着等を行う像加熱装置、及び該像加熱装置を備えた画像形成装置に係る定着装置に関する。
【0004】
【従来の技術】
像加熱装置の代表である加熱定着装置として、加熱部材として昇温の速い加熱体(以下、ヒータと記す)と、薄膜のフィルムを用いた、フィルム加熱方式の装置が提案されている(例えば、下記特許文献1及び特許文献2参照。)。
【0005】
図5に該フィルム加熱方式の像加熱装置の一例の概略構成の模型図を示した。即ち、薄肉の耐熱性フィルム2(又はシート)と、該フィルム2の移動駆動手段51と、該フィルム2を中にしてその一方面側に固定支持して配置された一定温調されるヒータ6と、他方面側に該ヒータ6に対向して配置され該ヒータ6に対して該フィルム2を介して画像定着すべき被加熱材としての被記録材Pの顕画像担持面を密着させる加圧部材(加圧ロール)4を有し、該フィルム2は少なくとも画像定着実行時は該フィルム2と加圧部材4との間に搬送導入される画像定着すべき被記録材Pと順方向に略同一速度で走行移動させて該走行移動フィルム2を挟んでヒータ6と加圧部材4との圧接力(加圧力)pで形成される定着部としてのニップ部Nを通過させることにより、該被記録材Pの顕画担持面を該フィルム2を介して該ヒータ6で加熱して顕画像(未定着トナー像)Tに熱エネルギーを付与して軟化・溶融せしめ、次いで定着部通過後のフィルム2と被記録材Pを分離点で離間させることを基本とする加熱装置である。
【0006】
本例装置ではフィルム2はエンドレスベルト状のものを使用し、これを駆動ロール51とテンションロール52とヒータ6の3部材間に懸回張設させて駆動ロール51により回動移動駆動させている。
【0007】
ヒータ6の温度制御tはサーミスタ5によるヒータ6の検知温度が一定となるようにヒータ6の発熱体層6bへの通電を制御することでなされる。このようなフィルム加熱方式の加熱装置は非常に熱容量が小さく昇温の速い加熱部材6を用いることができ、加熱部材6が所定の加熱温度に達する迄の時間を大きく短縮できる。
【0008】
上記フィルム2表面温度がβ℃以下になると定着不良となり、α℃以上になると高温オフセット(ホットオフセット)を発生する。そのため上記のヒータ6の温調温度は、フィルム2温度がβ℃以上α℃以下になるように設定する必要がある。ところで、上記フィルム2表面は総通紙枚数が増加するほど表面状態は徐々に粗度が増大し、表面積が増加していく。この表面積の増大に伴い、トナーとの接触面積が増加し、トナーへの熱の供給が、より効率的になる。その為、高温オフセット温度α℃、低温オフセット温度β℃は、フィルム粗度の増加に伴い、徐々に低下していくこととなる。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特開昭63−313182号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平02−157878号公報
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記フィルムは、温調温度tが、通紙枚数が進むに連れ低下していく高温オフセットβ℃を上回った時点で、画像不良が発生する。そこで、画像不良を防止する為に、総通紙枚数の増加に伴い、加圧力pを低下させ、トナーへの熱の供給量を減少させていくことが考えられるが、フィルム表面の粗度の進行は一定ではなく、紙種、紙サイズ、画像等に依存する為、予め加圧力pの変化を一律に設定しておくことは、困難であった。その為、加圧力pを下げれば使用可能である状態で、寿命枚数を設定せざるを得なかった。
【0011】
そこで本発明は、予め、加圧力pを可変となる構成とし、像の高温オフセットや加熱不足を生じさせないように加圧力pを最適化させ、フィルムの寿命枚数を増加させることのできる定着装置の提供を目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明は以下の構成を備える。
【0013】
熱源を内包する定着ローラと、該定着ローラに圧接する加圧ローラとを備え、
前記定着ローラ及び前記加圧ローラの圧接部に未定着現像剤像が形成された記録材を挟持搬送することにより未定着現像材像を記録材上に定着させる定着装置において、
前記定着ローラ表層の光沢度検知手段と、該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて、加熱温度を変更する加熱温度決定手段を有することを特徴とする定着装置。
【0014】
上記構成を、改めて以下(1)及び(2)に整理して示す。
【0015】
(1)加熱部材に接触して移動するフィルムを有し、このフィルムを介して加熱部材とニップ部を形成する加圧部材を有し、被加熱部材はそのニップ部へ導入されてフィルムと一緒にニップ部を移動通過することでフィルムを介して加熱部材から熱を受け加熱処理がなされることを特徴とする定着装置において、
前記フィルム表層の光沢度検知手段と、該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて、加熱部材と前記加圧部材との加圧力を変更する加圧力変更手段を有することを特徴とする定着装置。
【0016】
(2)フィルム表層の光沢度検知手段と、該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて記録材通紙1枚目の加圧力を決定する加圧力決定手段を有し、かつ被記録材を連続通紙する際は該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて、加圧力を下げていく加圧力決定手段を有することを特徴とする上記(1)に記載の定着装置。
【0017】
【作用】
以上構成に基づき、本発明によると、加熱部材と加圧部材との加圧力pを変更できる加圧力変更手段とフィルム表層の光沢度検知手段を設けることで、フィルムの表面性変化に伴い、加圧力pを最適化することが可能となる。これにより、不良画像を発生することなく、定着フィルムの寿命枚数(耐通紙枚数)を増加することが可能となる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施の形態を、実施例に基づいて図面を参照しながら説明する。
【0019】
【実施例】
〈実施例1〉
(1)画像形成装置例
図1に画像形成装置の一例の概略構成を示した。本例の画像形成装置は原稿台往復動型・回転ドラム型・転写式・プロセスカートリッジ着脱方式の電子写真複写装置である。
【0020】
100は装置機筺、101はその装置機筺の上面板102上に配設したガラス板等の透明板部材よりなる往復動型の原稿載置台であり、機筺上面板101上を図面上右方a、左方a´に夫々所定の速度で往復移動駆動される。
【0021】
Gは原稿であり、複写すべき画像面側を下向きにして原稿載置台101の上面に所定の載置基準に従って載置し、その上に原稿圧着板103をかぶせて押え込むことによりセットされる。
【0022】
104は機筺上面板102面に原稿載置台101の往復移動方向とは直角の方向(紙面に垂直の方向)を長手として開口された原稿照明部としてのスリット開口部である。
【0023】
原稿載置台101上に載置セットした原稿Gの下向き画像面は原稿載置台101の右方aへの往動移動過程で右辺側から左辺側にかけて順次にスリット開口部104の位置を通過していき、その通過過程でランプ105の光Lをスリット開口部104、透明な原稿載置台101を通して受けて照明走査され、その照明走査光の原稿面反射光が像素子アレイ106によって感光ドラム107面に結像露光される。
【0024】
感光ドラム107は例えば酸化亜鉛感光層・有機半導体感光層等の感光層が被覆処理され、中心支軸108を中心に所定の周速度で矢示bの時計方向に回転駆動され、その回転過程で帯電器109により正極性又は負極性の一様な帯電処理を受け、その一様帯電面に前記の原稿画像の結像露光(スリット露光)を受けることにより感光ドラム107面には結像露光した原稿画像に対応した静電潜像が順次に形成されていく。
【0025】
この静電潜像は現像器110により加熱で軟化溶融する樹脂等より成るトナーにて順次に顕像化され、該顕像たるトナー画像が転写部としての転写放電器111の配設部位へ移行していく。
【0026】
Sは被被記録材としての転写材シートPを積載収納したカセットであり、該カセットS内のシートが給送ロール112の回転により1枚宛繰出し給送され、次いでレジストロール113により、感光ドラム107上のトナー画像形成部の先端が転写放電器111の部位に到達したとき転写材シートPの先端も転写放電器111と感光ドラム107との間位置に丁度到達して両者一致するようにタイミングどりされて同期給送される。
【0027】
そしてその給送シートの面に対して転写放電器111により感光ドラム107側のトナー画像が順次に転写されていく。
【0028】
転写部でトナー画像転写を受けたシートは不図示の分離手段で感光ドラム107面から順次に分離されて搬送装置114によって像加熱装置(加熱定着装置)50に導かれて担持している未定着トナー画像の加熱定着を受け、画像形成物(コピー)として排出ロール116を通って機外の排紙トレイ117上に排出される。
【0029】
画像転写後の感光ドラム107の面はクリーニング装置118により転写残りトナー等の付着汚染物の除去を受けて繰り返して画像形成に使用される。
【0030】
PCは装置本体100内のカートリッジ着脱部120に着脱されるプロセスカートリッジであり、本例の場合は、像担持体としての感光ドラム107、帯電器109、現像器110、クリーニング装置118の4つのプロセス機器を包含させて一括して装置本体100に対して着脱交換自在としてある。
【0031】
(2)像加熱装置50
図2は像加熱装置50の概略構成の模型図である。本例の像加熱装置50は特開平4−44075〜44083号公報、同4−204980〜204984号公報等に開示のテンションレスタイプのフィルム加熱方式の像加熱装置である。
【0032】
このタイプの装置はフィルムの周長の少なくとも一部は常にテンションフリー(テンションが加わらない状態)とし、フィルムの走行移動は加圧部材の回転駆動力から得るようにしたものであり、同じフィルム加熱方式の装置でも前述図5の装置のようにフィルム2を常に全周的にテンションを作用させて張り状態で走行移動させるテンションタイプのものよりも、フィルムの駆動・走行等の制御・機構が簡略化され、また駆動トルクを大幅に低減できる利点がある。
【0033】
1は耐熱性樹脂製の横長ステーであり、下記のエンドレス耐熱性フィルム2の内面ガイド部材となる。
【0034】
エンドレスの耐熱性フィルム2は、加熱部材としてのヒータ(加熱体)6を含む上記ステー1に外嵌させてある。このエンドレスの耐熱性フィルム2の内周長とヒータ6を含むステー1の外周長はフィルム2の方を例えば3mm程大きくしてあり、従ってフィルム2はヒータ6を含むステー1に対して周長が余裕をもってルーズに外嵌している。
【0035】
フィルム2は熱容量を小さくしてクイックスタート性を向上させるために、その膜厚は、総厚100μm以下、好ましくは50μm以下、20μm以上の耐熱性・離型性・強度・耐久性等のあるPTFE・PFA・FEP等の単層、あるいはポリイミド・ポリアミドイミド・PEEK・PES・PPS等の外周表面にPTFE・PFA・FEP等をコーティングした複合層フィルムを使用できる。本実施例ではポリイミドフィルムの外周表面にPTFEをコーティングしたものを用いた。
【0036】
光沢センサユニット115は、発光回路にて記録紙に光を照射し、その反射光の正反射成分を受光回路で検出してアナログ量を出力している。発光回路は主にLED、受光回路はフォトトランジスタなどで構成されている。
【0037】
ヒータ6は、アルミナ等でできた基板6aの表面の略中央部に長手に沿って、例えばAg/Pd(銀パラジウム)等の電気抵抗材料(発熱体層)6bを厚み約10μm、幅1〜3mmにスクリーン印刷等により塗工し、その上に保護層7としてガラスやフッ素樹脂等をコートしている。
【0038】
4はヒータ6との間でフィルム2を挟んで加圧力pにて定着ニップ部Nを形成し、フィルム2を駆動する回転体としてのフィルム加圧ロールであり、中芯軸4aと、この軸4aに外装したシリコンゴム等の離型性のよい耐熱ゴム弾性体からなるロール部4bとからなり、中芯軸4aの端部が不図示の駆動手段により駆動されることで矢示の反時計方向に回転駆動される。加圧ロール4が回転駆動されることでエンドレスの耐熱性フィルム2も矢示の時計方向に回転駆動される。
【0039】
また加圧力変更手段(図示せず)を有し、加圧力pは可変にて設定可能な構成となっている。
【0040】
エンドレスの耐熱性フィルム2は非駆動時においてはヒータ6と加圧ロール4とのニップ部Nに挾まれている部分を除く残余の大部分の略全周長部分がテンションフリーである。
【0041】
加圧ロール4が回転駆動されるとニップ部Nにおいてフィルム2に回転加圧ロール4との摩擦力で移動力がかかり、フィルム2が加圧ロール4の回転周速と略同速度をもってフィルム2裏面がヒータ6面(=保護層7面)を摺動しつつ時計方向に回転駆動される。このフィルム2駆動時においてはニップ部Nとこのニップ部Nよりもフィルム2移動方向上流側であって、このニップ部N近傍のフィルム内面ガイド部分とニップ部Nの間の部分のみにおいてフィルム2にテンションが加わる。
【0042】
上記のフィルム2駆動とヒータ6の発熱体層6bへの通電を行わせた状態において、未定着トナーTを担持した被記録材Pがニップ部Nの回転フィルム2と回転加圧ロール4との間に像担持面上向きで導入されると、被記録材Pはフィルム2と一緒にニップ部Nを通過していき、該ニップ部Nにおいてフィルム2裏面に接しているヒータ6の熱エネルギーがフィルム2を介して被記録材Pに付与されて、またニップ部Nにおける加圧力pによりトナー像Tの熱定着がなされる。
【0043】
(3)ヒータ6の温度制御
ヒータ6は発熱体層6bの長手両端間に電圧印加(電力供給)がなされることで該発熱体層6bが発熱し、基板6aが加熱され、低熱容量であるヒータ6全体が温度立ち上りよく急速昇温する。
【0044】
ヒータ6の温度制御はヒータ6上に設けられたサーミスタ5の出力をA/D変換しCPU10に取り込み、その情報をもとにトライアック11によりヒータ6の発熱体層6bに通電するAC電圧を位相・波数制御等によりヒータ通電電力を制御することで行う。12はAC電源である。
【0045】
即ち、サーミスタ5の検知温度が所定の設定温度より低いとヒータ6が昇温するように、また高い場合はヒータ6が降温するように通電を制御することで、ヒータ6は定着時一定温調される。13は画像形成装置の主制御回路であり、複数枚の画像形成指令(プリント指令)による連続プリント時には連続的に定着動作が実行される。また、プリント指令を待つスタンバイ時はヒータ6への通電がオフされ、メインスイッチのオンで更にプリント指令後にヒータ6への通電が開始される。
【0046】
(4)加圧力pの制御
A.プリント指令があると、次のようにして加圧力pが決定される。
【0047】
▲1▼プリント指令が入力されると、光沢度センサの出力値Vmを検出する。
【0048】
▲2▼検出したVmから、プリント中の加圧力pが図4により決定される。
【0049】
ここで、図4に示したフィルム表層のVmと加圧力pの関係について説明する。
【0050】
従来の技術において説明したように、フィルム表層は、通紙枚数の増加に伴い、表層の粗度が増大し、光沢度が徐々に低下していく。それに伴い、トナーへの熱の供給増大し、高温オフセット発生温度α℃、低温オフセット発生温度β℃が徐々に低下していく。
【0051】
図3に通紙枚数の増加に伴う、フィルム表層Vmの変化を示す。図4にフィルム表層のVmと高温オフセットが発生する加圧力pα(kg)、低温オフセットが発生する加圧力pβ(kg)の関係を示す。この結果から、図4より、加圧力pはα>1>βの関係になるように設定される。
【0052】
上記図4より、従来のように、通紙枚数によらず、加圧力pが初期値の16kgにて固定の場合、高温オフセットが発生するVmはVm=Vm1となり、図3より通紙枚数が100k枚に達した時点となる。すなわち、この時点でフィルム交換が必要となる。
【0053】
これに対して、本実施例のようにVmに対応して加圧力pを変更した場合、図4よりVmがVm=Vm2まで、図3より通紙枚数400k枚まで不良画像が発生することなく通紙が可能となり、フィルムの耐通紙枚数を大幅に増加させることが可能となる。
【0054】
〈実施例2〉
前記実施例1では、プリント開始時にフィルム表層の光沢度Vmに対応して加圧力pを設定したが、本実施例では連続プリントにおいても、光沢度Vmに対応して加圧力pを変更する点で異なっている。
【0055】
前述のように、フィルム表層の光沢度(表面積)は通紙枚数の増加に対応して低下していく。そのため、大量の連続プリント時には、そのプリントジョブ中にも徐々に光沢度が低下していくことが予想される。その為、プリント開始時の設定温調では、プリント終了直前のフィルム表層の状態によっては不良画像が発生することがありうる。そこで、本実施例では、連続プリント中においても、常に光沢度センサの出力値を監視し、その検出値Vmに応じて、段階的に加圧力pを変更する制御とした。これにより、大量の連続プリント時においても、不良画像を発生することを防止することができる。
【0056】
〈実施例3〉
以上の各実施例はテンションレスタイプのフィルム加熱方式の像加熱装置であるが、テンションタイプのフィルム加熱方式の像加熱装置、その他の方式の加熱装置もしくは像加熱装置についても本発明を適用して同様の効果を得ることができる。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明は、熱源を内包する定着ローラと、該定着ローラに圧接する加圧ローラとを備え、
前記定着ローラ及び前記加圧ローラの圧接部に未定着現像剤像が形成された記録材を挟持搬送することにより未定着現像材像を記録材上に定着させる定着装置において、
前記定着ローラ表層の光沢度検知手段と、該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて、加熱部材と前記加圧部材との加圧力を変更する、加圧力変更手段を有することを特徴とする定着装置において、加熱不足、加熱過剰の何れも発生させないようにすることができ、画像形成装置の定着装置にあっては、像の高温オフセットや加熱不足を生じさせないように、長寿命化を実現することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】画像形成装置の一例の概略構成図
【図2】使用した像加熱装置(テンションレスタイプのフィルム加熱方式)の概略構成図
【図3】通紙枚数増加に伴う、光沢度変化を示すグラフ
【図4】光沢度検出値と高温オフセット発生温調α、低温オフセット発生温調β、設定温調の変化を示すグラフ
【図5】像加熱装置としてのフィルム加熱方式加熱装置の一例(テンションタイプ)の概略図
【符号の説明】
1 フィルムガイド部材(ステー)
2 耐熱性フィルム
4 加圧ロール(加圧部材)
4a 中心軸
4b ロール部
5 サーミスタ(温度検知部材)
6 ヒータ(加熱部材)
6a 基板
6b 発熱体層
7 保護層
10 CPU(温度決定手段)
11 トライアック(通電制御手段)
12 AC電源
13 主制御回路
50 加熱装置(像加熱装置)
51 駆動ロール
52 テンションロール
100 装置機筐(装置本体)
101 原稿載置台
102 機筐上面板
103 原稿圧着板
104 スリット開口部
105 ランプ
106 像素子アレイ
107 感光ドラム
108 中芯支軸
109 帯電器
110 現像器
111 転写放電器
112 給送ロール
113 レジストロール
114 搬送装置
115 光沢度検出手段(光沢センサユニット)
116 排出ロール
117 排紙トレイ
118 クリーニング装置
120 カートリッジ着脱部
G 原稿
L 光
N 定着ニップ部(ニップ部)
P 被記録材(被加熱部材、転写材シート)
PC プロセスカートリッジ
S カセット
T 未定着トナー
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heating device, an image heating device, and a fixing device for an image forming apparatus.
[0002]
More specifically, a heating member, a temperature detection member for detecting the temperature of the heating member, and a heating member for heating the member to be heated so that the temperature detected by the temperature detection member is maintained at a predetermined heating temperature when the member to be heated is heated. The present invention relates to a fixing device according to a heating device, which has an energization control unit for controlling the energization of the heating device, and heats a heated member passed through the apparatus with heat from the heating member.
[0003]
Further, in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus or an electrostatic recording apparatus, the image forming apparatus is formed and supported on a recording material (image supporting member) such as a transfer material, photosensitive paper, or electrostatic recording paper by an appropriate image forming process means. The present invention relates to an image heating apparatus that heats an image to perform surface fixing such as image fixing and luster, and performs temporary attachment, and a fixing device related to an image forming apparatus including the image heating apparatus.
[0004]
[Prior art]
As a heating and fixing device, which is a typical example of an image heating device, a film heating type device using a heating element (hereinafter, referred to as a heater) having a high temperature as a heating member and a thin film has been proposed (for example, See Patent Documents 1 and 2 below.)
[0005]
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a schematic configuration of an example of the film heating type image heating apparatus. That is, a thin heat-resistant film 2 (or sheet), a moving drive means 51 for the film 2, and a heater 6 which is fixedly supported and disposed on one side of the film 2 with the film 2 inside. And a pressure applied to the other surface of the recording material P, which is disposed opposite to the heater 6 and which is to be fixed on the heater 6 via the film 2, as a material to be heated, to which the visible image carrying surface is to be adhered. A film (pressing roll) 4 is provided. The film 2 is substantially conveyed and introduced between the film 2 and the pressing member 4 and to be image-fixed at least at the time of image fixing, in the forward direction. By moving the film 2 at the same speed and passing the film 2 through the nip portion N as a fixing portion formed by a pressing force (pressing force) p between the heater 6 and the pressing member 4, the film is covered. The developed image bearing surface of the recording material P is Heating is performed in step 6 to apply thermal energy to the visualized image (unfixed toner image) T to soften and melt it, and then to separate the film 2 and the recording material P at the separation point after passing through the fixing unit. It is a heating device.
[0006]
In the apparatus of the present embodiment, an endless belt-shaped film 2 is used. The film 2 is suspended and stretched between three members of a drive roll 51, a tension roll 52, and a heater 6 and is driven to rotate by the drive roll 51. .
[0007]
The temperature control t of the heater 6 is performed by controlling the energization of the heating element layer 6b of the heater 6 so that the temperature detected by the thermistor 5 at the heater 6 becomes constant. Such a heating device of the film heating type can use the heating member 6 having a very small heat capacity and a fast temperature rise, and can greatly reduce the time required for the heating member 6 to reach a predetermined heating temperature.
[0008]
When the surface temperature of the film 2 becomes lower than β ° C., fixing failure occurs, and when the surface temperature becomes higher than α ° C., high-temperature offset (hot offset) occurs. Therefore, the temperature control temperature of the heater 6 needs to be set so that the temperature of the film 2 is not less than β ° C. and not more than α ° C. By the way, the surface condition of the surface of the film 2 gradually increases as the total number of passed sheets increases, and the surface area increases. As the surface area increases, the contact area with the toner increases, and the supply of heat to the toner becomes more efficient. Therefore, the high-temperature offset temperature α ° C. and the low-temperature offset temperature β ° C. gradually decrease as the film roughness increases.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-63-313182 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 02-155788
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the temperature control temperature t exceeds the high-temperature offset β ° C. that decreases as the number of sheets passed increases, an image defect occurs. Therefore, in order to prevent image defects, it is conceivable to reduce the pressure p and the amount of heat supplied to the toner with an increase in the total number of sheets passed, but to reduce the roughness of the film surface. Since the progress is not constant and depends on the paper type, paper size, image and the like, it is difficult to uniformly set the change in the pressure p in advance. For this reason, the number of lifespans has to be set in a state where it can be used if the pressure p is reduced.
[0011]
Therefore, the present invention provides a fixing device that has a configuration in which the pressing force p is made variable in advance, optimizes the pressing force p so as not to cause high-temperature offset and insufficient heating of the image, and can increase the number of lifespan of the film. For the purpose of providing.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configurations.
[0013]
A fixing roller including a heat source, and a pressure roller pressed against the fixing roller,
In a fixing device for fixing an unfixed developer image on a recording material by nipping and conveying a recording material having an unfixed developer image formed on a pressing portion of the fixing roller and the pressing roller,
A fixing device, comprising: a glossiness detection means for the surface layer of the fixing roller; and a heating temperature determination means for changing a heating temperature according to a detection output of the glossiness detection means.
[0014]
The above configuration is shown again in the following (1) and (2).
[0015]
(1) It has a film that moves in contact with the heating member, and has a pressure member that forms a nip portion with the heating member through the film, and the heated member is introduced into the nip portion together with the film. In the fixing device, a heat treatment is performed by receiving heat from the heating member through the film by moving and passing through the nip portion,
A fixing device comprising: a gloss detecting unit for the film surface layer; and a pressing force changing unit that changes a pressing force between a heating member and the pressing member in accordance with a detection output of the gloss detecting unit.
[0016]
(2) There is a gloss detecting means for the surface layer of the film, and a pressing force determining means for determining a pressing force of the first sheet of recording material in accordance with a detection output of the gloss detecting means, and the recording material is continuously used. The fixing device according to (1), further including a pressing force determining unit that reduces the pressing force according to a detection output of the glossiness detecting unit when the paper is passed.
[0017]
[Action]
According to the present invention, based on the above configuration, according to the present invention, by providing a pressing force changing unit capable of changing the pressing force p between the heating member and the pressing member and a glossiness detecting unit for the film surface layer, the pressing force can be changed according to the change in the surface properties of the film. It is possible to optimize the pressure p. As a result, it is possible to increase the lifespan of the fixing film (the number of sheets passed) without generating a defective image.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
【Example】
<Example 1>
(1) Example of Image Forming Apparatus FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an example of the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus of this embodiment is an electrophotographic copying apparatus of a document table reciprocating type, a rotating drum type, a transfer type, and a process cartridge detachable type.
[0020]
Reference numeral 100 denotes an apparatus housing, and 101 denotes a reciprocating original placing table made of a transparent plate member such as a glass plate disposed on an upper plate 102 of the apparatus housing. Reciprocatingly driven at a predetermined speed in each of the direction a and the left side a ′.
[0021]
G is an original, which is set by placing the original with the image side to be copied facing downward on the upper surface of the original mounting table 101 in accordance with a predetermined mounting standard, covering the original with the original pressing plate 103, and pressing down. .
[0022]
Reference numeral 104 denotes a slit opening serving as a document illuminating unit which is opened on the surface of the machine housing top plate 102 with a direction perpendicular to the reciprocating movement direction of the document placing table 101 (a direction perpendicular to the paper surface) as a longitudinal direction.
[0023]
The downward image surface of the document G placed and set on the document table 101 passes through the position of the slit opening 104 sequentially from the right side to the left side during the forward movement of the document table 101 to the right side a. In the passing process, the light L of the lamp 105 is received through the slit opening 104 and the transparent document table 101 for illumination scanning, and the illumination scanning light of the document surface reflected by the image element array 106 is applied to the surface of the photosensitive drum 107. The image is exposed.
[0024]
The photosensitive drum 107 is coated with a photosensitive layer such as a zinc oxide photosensitive layer or an organic semiconductor photosensitive layer, and is driven to rotate clockwise as indicated by an arrow b around a central support shaft 108 at a predetermined peripheral speed. A uniform charging process of positive or negative polarity was performed by the charger 109, and the uniformly charged surface was subjected to the image forming exposure (slit exposure) of the original image to form an image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 107. An electrostatic latent image corresponding to the document image is sequentially formed.
[0025]
The electrostatic latent image is sequentially visualized by a toner made of a resin or the like which is softened and melted by heating by the developing device 110, and the developed toner image is transferred to a portion where the transfer discharger 111 as a transfer portion is provided. I will do it.
[0026]
S denotes a cassette in which transfer material sheets P as recording materials are stacked and stored, and the sheets in the cassette S are fed out one by one by the rotation of the feed roll 112, and then the photosensitive drum is moved by the registration roll 113. When the leading end of the toner image forming portion on the sheet 107 reaches the position of the transfer discharger 111, the leading end of the transfer material sheet P also reaches the position between the transfer discharger 111 and the photosensitive drum 107 and coincides with each other. It is fed synchronously.
[0027]
Then, the toner image on the photosensitive drum 107 side is sequentially transferred to the surface of the sheet by the transfer discharger 111.
[0028]
The sheet to which the toner image has been transferred in the transfer unit is sequentially separated from the surface of the photosensitive drum 107 by a separation unit (not shown), and is guided to the image heating device (heating and fixing device) 50 by the transport device 114 and is not fixed. After the toner image is heated and fixed, the toner image is discharged as an image formed product (copy) through a discharge roll 116 onto a discharge tray 117 outside the apparatus.
[0029]
After the transfer of the image, the surface of the photosensitive drum 107 is repeatedly used for image formation by receiving the removal of contaminants such as toner remaining after transfer by the cleaning device 118.
[0030]
The PC is a process cartridge that is attached to and detached from the cartridge attachment / detachment unit 120 in the apparatus main body 100. In this example, the PC includes a photosensitive drum 107 as an image carrier, a charger 109, a developing unit 110, and a cleaning device 118. The device is included so that it can be attached to and detached from the apparatus main body 100 in a lump.
[0031]
(2) Image heating device 50
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of a schematic configuration of the image heating device 50. The image heating device 50 of this embodiment is a tensionless type film heating type image heating device disclosed in JP-A-4-44075-44083 and JP-A-4-20498-0204498.
[0032]
In this type of apparatus, at least a part of the peripheral length of the film is always tension-free (in a state where tension is not applied), and the traveling movement of the film is obtained from the rotational driving force of the pressing member. The control and mechanism for driving and running the film are simpler than the tension-type apparatus in which the film 2 is always tensioned and travels in a stretched state as in the apparatus of FIG. There is an advantage that the driving torque can be greatly reduced.
[0033]
Reference numeral 1 denotes a horizontally long stay made of a heat-resistant resin, which serves as an inner surface guide member of the following endless heat-resistant film 2.
[0034]
The endless heat-resistant film 2 is fitted over the stay 1 including a heater (heating body) 6 as a heating member. The inner peripheral length of the endless heat-resistant film 2 and the outer peripheral length of the stay 1 including the heater 6 are larger than that of the stay 2 including the heater 6 by, for example, about 3 mm. Is loosely fitted outside.
[0035]
The film 2 has a total thickness of 100 μm or less, preferably 50 μm or less, and 20 μm or more of PTFE having heat resistance, release property, strength, durability, etc. in order to reduce the heat capacity and improve the quick start property. A single layer such as PFA / FEP or a composite layer film of polyimide, polyamide imide, PEEK, PES, PPS or the like coated with PTFE, PFA, FEP or the like on its outer peripheral surface can be used. In this embodiment, a polyimide film having an outer peripheral surface coated with PTFE was used.
[0036]
The gloss sensor unit 115 irradiates the recording paper with light by a light emitting circuit, detects a regular reflection component of the reflected light by a light receiving circuit, and outputs an analog amount. The light emitting circuit is mainly composed of an LED, and the light receiving circuit is mainly composed of a phototransistor.
[0037]
The heater 6 is formed by forming an electric resistance material (heating element layer) 6b such as Ag / Pd (silver palladium), for example, about 10 μm in thickness and 1 to 1 in width at a substantially central portion of the surface of a substrate 6a made of alumina or the like. 3 mm is applied by screen printing or the like, and a protective layer 7 is coated thereon with glass, fluororesin or the like.
[0038]
Reference numeral 4 denotes a film pressure roll as a rotating body for driving the film 2 by forming a fixing nip portion N with a pressing force p with the film 2 sandwiched between the heater 2 and the core shaft 4a. A roll part 4b made of a heat-resistant rubber elastic body having good releasability such as silicone rubber and the like is provided on the outer surface of the core 4a. It is driven to rotate in the direction. When the pressure roll 4 is driven to rotate, the endless heat-resistant film 2 is also driven to rotate clockwise as indicated by the arrow.
[0039]
Further, a pressing force changing means (not shown) is provided, and the pressing force p is configured to be variably settable.
[0040]
When the endless heat-resistant film 2 is not driven, almost the entire circumference of the remaining portion except for the portion sandwiched between the nip portion N between the heater 6 and the pressure roll 4 is tension-free.
[0041]
When the pressure roll 4 is rotationally driven, a moving force is applied to the film 2 at the nip portion N by the frictional force with the rotation pressure roll 4, and the film 2 is moved at substantially the same rotational speed as the rotation speed of the pressure roll 4. The back surface is rotated clockwise while sliding on the heater 6 surface (= protective layer 7 surface). When the film 2 is driven, the nip portion N and the nip portion N are located on the upstream side of the nip portion N in the moving direction of the film 2 and only between the nip portion N and the inner surface guide portion near the nip portion N. Tension is added.
[0042]
In the state where the driving of the film 2 and the energization of the heating element layer 6b of the heater 6 are performed, the recording material P carrying the unfixed toner T is moved between the rotating film 2 in the nip portion N and the rotating pressure roll 4. When the recording material P is introduced upward between the image bearing surface, the recording material P passes through the nip portion N together with the film 2, and the thermal energy of the heater 6 in contact with the back surface of the film 2 at the nip portion N is reduced. 2, the toner image T is thermally fixed by the pressing force p at the nip portion N.
[0043]
(3) Temperature control of the heater 6 The heater 6 generates heat by applying a voltage (power supply) between both longitudinal ends of the heating element layer 6b, thereby heating the substrate 6a and having a low heat capacity. The temperature of the entire heater 6 rises quickly and quickly.
[0044]
To control the temperature of the heater 6, the output of the thermistor 5 provided on the heater 6 is A / D converted and taken into the CPU 10, and the AC voltage applied to the heating element layer 6b of the heater 6 by the triac 11 is phased based on the information. -It is performed by controlling the heater power supply by wave number control or the like. Reference numeral 12 denotes an AC power supply.
[0045]
That is, when the detected temperature of the thermistor 5 is lower than a predetermined set temperature, energization is controlled so that the temperature of the heater 6 rises. Is done. Reference numeral 13 denotes a main control circuit of the image forming apparatus, which performs a fixing operation continuously during continuous printing by a plurality of image forming commands (print commands). In a standby mode for waiting for a print command, the power supply to the heater 6 is turned off. When the main switch is turned on, the power supply to the heater 6 is started after the print command.
[0046]
(4) Control of pressure p When a print command is issued, the pressing force p is determined as follows.
[0047]
(1) When a print command is input, the output value Vm of the gloss sensor is detected.
[0048]
{Circle around (2)} The pressure p during printing is determined from FIG. 4 from the detected Vm.
[0049]
Here, the relationship between Vm of the film surface layer and the pressing force p shown in FIG. 4 will be described.
[0050]
As described in the background art, the surface layer of the film increases in roughness and gradually decreases in glossiness as the number of sheets passed increases. As a result, the supply of heat to the toner increases, and the high-temperature offset occurrence temperature α ° C. and the low-temperature offset occurrence temperature β ° C. gradually decrease.
[0051]
FIG. 3 shows a change in the film surface layer Vm as the number of sheets passed increases. FIG. 4 shows the relationship between Vm of the film surface layer and the pressure pα (kg) at which a high-temperature offset occurs, and the pressure pβ (kg) at which a low-temperature offset occurs. From this result, from FIG. 4, the pressing force p is set so as to satisfy the relationship α>1> β.
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 4, when the pressing force p is fixed at the initial value of 16 kg irrespective of the number of sheets passed as in the related art, Vm at which the high-temperature offset occurs becomes Vm = Vm1, and FIG. This is the point in time when the number of sheets reaches 100 k. That is, the film needs to be replaced at this point.
[0053]
On the other hand, when the pressing force p is changed corresponding to Vm as in the present embodiment, no defective image is generated up to Vm = Vm2 in FIG. 4 and up to 400 k sheets in FIG. The paper can be passed, and the number of sheets that can withstand the film can be greatly increased.
[0054]
<Example 2>
In the first embodiment, the pressing force p is set in accordance with the glossiness Vm of the film surface layer at the start of printing, but in the present embodiment, even in continuous printing, the pressing force p is changed in accordance with the glossiness Vm. Is different.
[0055]
As described above, the glossiness (surface area) of the film surface layer decreases as the number of sheets passed increases. Therefore, during continuous printing of a large amount, it is expected that the glossiness gradually decreases during the print job. Therefore, in the set temperature control at the start of printing, a defective image may be generated depending on the state of the film surface layer immediately before the end of printing. Therefore, in the present embodiment, even during continuous printing, the output value of the gloss sensor is constantly monitored, and the pressing force p is changed stepwise according to the detected value Vm. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a defective image even during a large amount of continuous printing.
[0056]
<Example 3>
Each of the above embodiments is a tensionless type film heating type image heating device, but the present invention is also applied to a tension type film heating type image heating device, other types of heating devices or image heating devices. Similar effects can be obtained.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention includes a fixing roller including a heat source, and a pressing roller that presses against the fixing roller,
In a fixing device for fixing an unfixed developer image on a recording material by nipping and conveying a recording material having an unfixed developer image formed on a pressing portion of the fixing roller and the pressing roller,
A fixing device comprising: a fixing roller surface glossiness detecting means; and a pressing force changing means for changing a pressing force between a heating member and the pressing member in accordance with a detection output of the glossiness detecting means. In the apparatus, it is possible to prevent both insufficient heating and excessive heating from occurring, and in the fixing device of the image forming apparatus, a long life is realized so as not to cause high temperature offset of the image and insufficient heating. be able to.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of an image forming apparatus. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an image heating device used (tensionless type film heating system). FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in a glossiness detection value, a high-temperature offset generation temperature control α, a low-temperature offset generation temperature control β, and a set temperature control. FIG. 5 is an example of a film heating type heating device as an image heating device ( Schematic diagram of tension type) [Description of symbols]
1 Film guide member (stay)
2 Heat resistant film 4 Pressure roll (pressure member)
4a center shaft 4b roll part 5 thermistor (temperature detecting member)
6 heater (heating member)
6a Substrate 6b Heating Element Layer 7 Protective Layer 10 CPU (Temperature Determination Means)
11 triac (power control means)
12 AC power supply 13 Main control circuit 50 Heating device (image heating device)
51 Drive Roll 52 Tension Roll 100 Device Case (Device Body)
101 Document Placement Table 102 Case Top Plate 103 Document Compression Plate 104 Slit Opening 105 Lamp 106 Image Element Array 107 Photosensitive Drum 108 Core Support 109 Charger 110 Developing Device 111 Transfer Discharger 112 Feed Roll 113 Registration Roll 114 Transport Device 115 glossiness detection means (glossy sensor unit)
116 discharge roll 117 paper discharge tray 118 cleaning device 120 cartridge attaching / detaching section G document L light N fixing nip section (nip section)
P Recording material (heated member, transfer material sheet)
PC Process cartridge S Cassette T Unfixed toner

Claims (2)

加熱部材に接触して移動するフィルムを有し、このフィルムを介して加熱部材とニップ部を形成する加圧部材を有し、被加熱部材はそのニップ部へ導入されてフィルムと一緒にニップ部を移動通過することでフィルムを介して加熱部材から熱を受け加熱処理がなされることを特徴とする定着装置において、
前記フィルム表層の光沢度検知手段と、該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて、加熱部材と前記加圧部材との加圧力を変更する加圧力変更手段を有することを特徴とする定着装置。
It has a film that moves in contact with the heating member, and has a pressure member that forms a nip with the heating member through the film, and the member to be heated is introduced into the nip and the nip together with the film Wherein the heat treatment is performed by receiving heat from the heating member through the film by moving through the fixing device,
A fixing device comprising: a gloss detecting unit for the film surface layer; and a pressing force changing unit that changes a pressing force between a heating member and the pressing member in accordance with a detection output of the gloss detecting unit.
フィルム表層の光沢度検知手段と、該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて記録材通紙1枚目の加圧力を決定する加圧力決定手段を有し、かつ被記録材を連続通紙する際は該光沢度検知手段の検知出力に応じて、加圧力を下げていく加圧力決定手段を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の定着装置。It has a gloss detecting means for the surface layer of the film, and a pressing force determining means for determining the pressing force of the first sheet of the recording material according to the detection output of the gloss detecting means, and continuously feeds the recording material. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1, further comprising a pressing force determining unit that reduces the pressing force according to a detection output of the glossiness detecting unit.
JP2003016157A 2003-01-24 2003-01-24 Fixing device Withdrawn JP2004226826A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1662339A1 (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-05-31 Xerox Corporation Gloss control system for an image forming apparatus with multiple fixing units
US7283762B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2007-10-16 Xerox Corporation Glossing system for use in a printing architecture
US10983319B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2021-04-20 Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc. Surgical microscope device and surgical microscope system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1662339A1 (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-05-31 Xerox Corporation Gloss control system for an image forming apparatus with multiple fixing units
US7283762B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2007-10-16 Xerox Corporation Glossing system for use in a printing architecture
US7412180B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2008-08-12 Xerox Corporation Glossing system for use in a printing system
US10983319B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2021-04-20 Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc. Surgical microscope device and surgical microscope system

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