JP2004225570A - ENGINE REDUCING NOx, HC, AND PM CONCENTRATION IN EXHAUST GAS - Google Patents

ENGINE REDUCING NOx, HC, AND PM CONCENTRATION IN EXHAUST GAS Download PDF

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JP2004225570A
JP2004225570A JP2003011872A JP2003011872A JP2004225570A JP 2004225570 A JP2004225570 A JP 2004225570A JP 2003011872 A JP2003011872 A JP 2003011872A JP 2003011872 A JP2003011872 A JP 2003011872A JP 2004225570 A JP2004225570 A JP 2004225570A
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engine
combustion chamber
exhaust gas
nickel
nox
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Shigemi Sawada
重美 澤田
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an engine capable of effectively reducing NOx, HC and PM concentration in exhaust gas. <P>SOLUTION: Nickel coating is applied on at least part of a combustion chamber wall surface formed by a cylinder 1 inner surface, a cylinder head 3 inner surface, a piston 1 crown surface and an injector 7 injection part inside. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ（ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ ｍａｔｔｅｒ）濃度を低減させるエンジンに係わり、特に、燃焼室内でＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭを低減させるエンジンに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ディーゼルエンジンやガソリンエンジン等では燃焼室で燃料が燃焼するときにＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭが発生する。このＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭは人体に悪影響を及ぼすためエンジンの排気ガス中から除去することが要請されている。このため、エンジン燃焼室から排出された排気ガスを触媒に接触させてＮＯｘ等を分解することが行われていたが、エンジンの燃焼室内でＮＯｘ等を効果的に除去する方法はなかった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記問題を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的はエンジン燃焼室内で発生する、ＮＯｘＨＣおよびＰＭを燃焼室内で効果的に除去できるエンジンを提供することである。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジンは、シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル膜を付設したものである。ニッケル膜はコーティングまたはメッキにより付設できる。
【０００５】
さらに、本発明の排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジンは、シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル合金膜を付設したものである。ニッケル合金膜としては例えばニッケルコバルト合金、ニッケル銅合金、ニッケルチタニューム合金等が好適に使用でき、コーティングまたはメッキにより付設できる。
【０００６】
さらに、本発明の排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジンは、シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル酸化物膜を付設したものである。ニッケル酸化物膜としては例えば一酸化ニッケル等が好適に使用でき、コーティングまたはメッキにより付設できる。
【０００７】
さらに、本発明の排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジンは、シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル複合酸化物膜を付設したものである。ニッケル複合酸化物膜としては例えば硫酸ニッケル等が好適に使用でき、、コーティングまたはメッキにより付設できる。
【０００８】
さらに、本発明の排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジンは、シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部に硫化ニッケル膜を付設したものである。硫化ニッケル膜はコーティングまたはメッキにより付設できる。
【０００９】
さらに、本発明の排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジンは、前記前記各エンジンの前記各膜またはその表面に硫酸イオンを印加したものである。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。図１は本発明の実施例であるディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室部分を示す断面図である。図１において、１はシリンダ、２はピストン、３はシリンダヘッド、４はコンロッド、５は吸気弁、６は排気弁、７は燃料噴射ノズル（インジェクター）である。
【００１１】
シリンダへッド３の燃焼室壁面３ａ、ピストン２の燃焼室壁面２ａおよび燃料噴射ノズル７の吐出部内面には、ニッケル膜がコーティングされている。ニッケル膜の代わりにニッケルコバルト合金、ニッケル銅合金、ニッケルチタニューム合金、一酸化ニッケルまたは硫酸ニッケル硫化または硫化ニッケルの膜をコーティングしてもよい。さらに、これらの膜またはその表面に硫酸イオンを印加してもよい。これらの膜は触媒として作用し、燃焼室内でＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭを高温で分解する。
【００１２】
上記のように燃焼室部分が形成されたディーゼルエンジンにおいて、吸入行程で吸気弁５から吸入された空気は吸気弁５および排気弁６が閉じられた圧縮行程でピストン２が上死点に近付くと１００気圧程度まで加圧され温度も数百℃程度まで上昇する。このとき燃料噴射ノズル７より燃料が噴射され、自然着火により爆発燃焼する。このときの燃焼ガス中には数百ｐｐｍ程度のＮＯｘが発生することが知られている。
【００１３】
燃焼室内で爆発燃焼が起きると燃焼ガスは高温となり、前記各膜の触媒作用により活性化され強力な酸化または還元作用を発揮し、これと接触した燃焼ガス中のＮＯｘは窒素と酸素に分解される。また、ＨＣは酸化されて水および炭酸ガスとなる。また、ＰＭは燃焼して炭酸ガスとなる。このようにしてＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭが燃焼室内で効率よく除去される。また、燃焼ガスは燃焼室内で極めて激しく流動しており、コーティングされた膜と良好な接触状態が保たれ、いっそう強く酸化または酸化・還元作用を発揮する。
【００１４】
図２に従来のディーゼルエンジン（エンジン変速機４速使用）を回転数２０００ｒｐｍで運転したときのデータを示し、図３に同形のエンジンのシリンダへッドの燃焼室壁面、ピストンの燃焼室壁面および燃料噴射ノズルの吐出部内面にニッケル膜をコーティングした実施例のディーゼルエンジンを同じ条件で運転したときのデータを示す。
【００１５】
図２および図３から従来のエンジンと実施例のエンジンを比較すると、実施例のものはＮＯｘ、ＨＣは全負荷率で低減され、ＰＭは従来のエンジンで急速に増大する７２％以上の負荷率で低減されていることが明らかである。
【００１６】
上記各実施例ではディーゼルエンジンに本発明を適用した場合について説明したが、ガソリンエンジンに本発明を適用することもできる。なお、各膜に硫酸イオンを添加すると、触媒作用が高められ本発明の効果を増大させることができる。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明のエンジンによれば燃焼室内でＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭを除去できるため、排気ガス中のＮＯｘ濃度を大幅に低減させることが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施例であるエンジンの部分を示す断面図である。
【図２】従来のディーゼルエンジンの運転データを示す表である。
【図３】本発明の実施例であるディーゼルエンジンの運転データを示す表である。
【符号の説明】
１ シリンダ
２ ピストン、２ａ 燃焼室壁面
３ シリンダヘッド、３ａ 燃焼室壁面
４ コンロッド
５ 吸気弁
６ 排気弁
７ 燃料噴射ノズル[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an engine that reduces NOx, HC, and particulate matter (PM) concentrations in exhaust gas, and more particularly to an engine that reduces NOx, HC, and PM in a combustion chamber.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, or the like, NOx, HC, and PM are generated when fuel is burned in a combustion chamber. Since NOx, HC and PM adversely affect the human body, it is required to remove them from the exhaust gas of the engine. For this reason, exhaust gas discharged from the engine combustion chamber is brought into contact with a catalyst to decompose NOx and the like, but there has been no method for effectively removing NOx and the like in the engine combustion chamber.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an engine capable of effectively removing NOxHC and PM generated in an engine combustion chamber in the combustion chamber.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The engine for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in exhaust gas according to the present invention has a nickel film provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall including an inner surface of a cylinder, an inner surface of a cylinder head, an upper surface of a piston, and an inner side of an injector discharge portion. is there. The nickel film can be provided by coating or plating.
[0005]
Further, in the engine for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in exhaust gas according to the present invention, a nickel alloy film is provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall including an inner surface of a cylinder, an inner surface of a cylinder head, an upper surface of a piston, and an inner side of an injector discharge portion. It was done. As the nickel alloy film, for example, a nickel-cobalt alloy, a nickel-copper alloy, a nickel-titanium alloy or the like can be suitably used, and can be provided by coating or plating.
[0006]
Further, the engine of the present invention for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in the exhaust gas comprises a nickel oxide film on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall surface including a cylinder inner surface, a cylinder head inner surface, a piston upper surface, and an injector discharge portion. It is attached. As the nickel oxide film, for example, nickel monoxide or the like can be suitably used, and can be provided by coating or plating.
[0007]
Further, the engine for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in the exhaust gas according to the present invention is characterized in that a nickel composite oxide film is formed on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall formed by a cylinder inner surface, a cylinder head inner surface, a piston upper surface, and an injector discharge portion. Is attached. For example, nickel sulfate or the like can be suitably used as the nickel composite oxide film, and can be provided by coating or plating.
[0008]
Further, in the engine of the present invention for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in exhaust gas, a nickel sulfide film is provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall including an inner surface of a cylinder, an inner surface of a cylinder head, an upper surface of a piston, and an inner side of an injector discharge portion. It was done. The nickel sulfide film can be provided by coating or plating.
[0009]
Further, the engine for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in the exhaust gas according to the present invention is one in which sulfate ions are applied to each of the films or the surface of each of the engines.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a combustion chamber portion of a diesel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a cylinder, 2 is a piston, 3 is a cylinder head, 4 is a connecting rod, 5 is an intake valve, 6 is an exhaust valve, and 7 is a fuel injection nozzle (injector).
[0011]
A nickel film is coated on the combustion chamber wall surface 3a of the cylinder head 3, the combustion chamber wall surface 2a of the piston 2, and the inner surface of the discharge portion of the fuel injection nozzle 7. Instead of the nickel film, a film of nickel cobalt alloy, nickel copper alloy, nickel titanium alloy, nickel monoxide or nickel sulfate or nickel sulfide may be coated. Further, sulfate ions may be applied to these films or their surfaces. These films act as catalysts and decompose NOx, HC and PM at high temperatures in the combustion chamber.
[0012]
In the diesel engine in which the combustion chamber portion is formed as described above, the air sucked from the intake valve 5 in the intake stroke causes the piston 2 to approach the top dead center in the compression stroke in which the intake valve 5 and the exhaust valve 6 are closed. The pressure is increased to about 100 atm, and the temperature also rises to about several hundred degrees Celsius. At this time, fuel is injected from the fuel injection nozzle 7 and explosively burns due to spontaneous ignition. It is known that about several hundred ppm of NOx is generated in the combustion gas at this time.
[0013]
When explosive combustion occurs in the combustion chamber, the combustion gas becomes high temperature and is activated by the catalytic action of each of the above-mentioned films to exert a strong oxidizing or reducing action, and NOx in the combustion gas in contact with this is decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen. You. In addition, HC is oxidized into water and carbon dioxide gas. In addition, the PM burns and becomes carbon dioxide gas. In this way, NOx, HC and PM are efficiently removed in the combustion chamber. Further, the combustion gas flows extremely violently in the combustion chamber, maintains good contact with the coated film, and exerts an oxidizing or oxidizing / reducing action more strongly.
[0014]
FIG. 2 shows data obtained when a conventional diesel engine (using a 4-speed engine transmission) was operated at a rotation speed of 2000 rpm. FIG. 3 shows the combustion chamber wall of the cylinder head, the combustion chamber wall of the piston and The data at the time of operating the diesel engine of the Example which coated the inner surface of the discharge part of the fuel injection nozzle with the nickel film under the same conditions are shown.
[0015]
2 and 3, a comparison between the conventional engine and the engine of the embodiment shows that in the embodiment, NOx and HC are reduced at the full load factor, and PM is rapidly increased with the conventional engine. It is evident that it has been reduced by
[0016]
In each of the above embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to a diesel engine has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to a gasoline engine. When sulfate ions are added to each membrane, the catalytic action is enhanced and the effect of the present invention can be increased.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the engine of the present invention, NOx, HC and PM can be removed in the combustion chamber, so that the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas can be significantly reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a part of an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a table showing operation data of a conventional diesel engine.
FIG. 3 is a table showing operation data of a diesel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 cylinder 2 piston, 2a combustion chamber wall 3 cylinder head, 3a combustion chamber wall 4 connecting rod 5 intake valve 6 exhaust valve 7 fuel injection nozzle

Claims (6)

シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル膜を付設したことを特徴とする排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジン。An engine for reducing NOx, HC, and PM concentrations in exhaust gas, wherein a nickel film is provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall including a cylinder inner surface, a cylinder head inner surface, a piston upper surface, and an injector discharge portion inner side. シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル合金膜を付設したことを特徴とする排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジン。An engine for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in exhaust gas, wherein a nickel alloy film is provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall including a cylinder inner surface, a cylinder head inner surface, a piston upper surface, and an injector discharge portion inner side. シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル酸化物膜を付設したことを特徴とする排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジン。An engine for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and PM in exhaust gas, wherein a nickel oxide film is provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall including a cylinder inner surface, a cylinder head inner surface, a piston upper surface, and an injector discharge portion inside. . シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部にニッケル複合酸化物膜を付設したことを特徴とする排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジン。A nickel composite oxide film is provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall surface including an inner surface of a cylinder, an inner surface of a cylinder head, an upper surface of a piston, and an inner side of an injector discharge part. engine. シリンダ内面、シリンダヘッド内面およびピストン上面およびインジェクター吐出部内側よりなる燃焼室壁面の少なくとも一部に硫化ニッケル膜を付設したことを特徴とする排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジン。An engine for reducing NOx, HC, and PM concentrations in exhaust gas, wherein a nickel sulfide film is provided on at least a part of a combustion chamber wall surface including a cylinder inner surface, a cylinder head inner surface, a piston upper surface, and an injector discharge portion inner side. 前記各膜またはその表面に硫酸イオンを印加した請求項１から５のいずれかに記載された排気ガス中のＮＯｘ、ＨＣおよびＰＭ濃度を低減させるエンジン。The engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein sulfate ions are applied to each of the films or the surface thereof.
JP2003011872A 2003-01-21 2003-01-21 ENGINE REDUCING NOx, HC, AND PM CONCENTRATION IN EXHAUST GAS Pending JP2004225570A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015509356A (en) * 2012-01-19 2015-03-26 リバティーン エフピーイー リミテッド Linear electric machine
US20200072120A1 (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 Shigemi SAWADA Combustion system and method of using fuel composition as fuel for remolded diesel engine

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015509356A (en) * 2012-01-19 2015-03-26 リバティーン エフピーイー リミテッド Linear electric machine
US10072567B2 (en) 2012-01-19 2018-09-11 Libertine Fpe Ltd. Linear electrical machine/generator with segmented stator for free piston engine generator
US20200072120A1 (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 Shigemi SAWADA Combustion system and method of using fuel composition as fuel for remolded diesel engine
WO2020044693A1 (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-05 Chang, Hua-Shu Combustion system and method of improving performance of combustion device
US10858984B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2020-12-08 Shigemi SAWADA Combustion system and method of using fuel composition as fuel for remodeled diesel engine
KR20210070987A (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-06-15 시게미 사와다 How to improve the performance of combustion systems and combustion devices
CN113141773A (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-07-20 泽田重美 Combustion system and method for improving performance of combustion device
JP2021534349A (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-12-09 重美 澤田 Combustion systems and methods to improve the performance of combustion equipment
JP7051016B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2022-04-08 重美 澤田 Combustion systems and methods to improve the performance of combustion equipment
KR102492615B1 (en) 2018-08-31 2023-01-26 시게미 사와다 Combustion Systems and Methods of Improving the Performance of Combustion Devices

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