JP2004217919A - Cleaning agent for irrigation tube and method for cleaning the irrigation tube by using the same - Google Patents
Cleaning agent for irrigation tube and method for cleaning the irrigation tube by using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004217919A JP2004217919A JP2003429515A JP2003429515A JP2004217919A JP 2004217919 A JP2004217919 A JP 2004217919A JP 2003429515 A JP2003429515 A JP 2003429515A JP 2003429515 A JP2003429515 A JP 2003429515A JP 2004217919 A JP2004217919 A JP 2004217919A
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 125000005385 peroxodisulfate group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 50
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 48
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- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012935 ammoniumperoxodisulfate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001637 plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000006108 Allium ampeloprasum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005254 Allium ampeloprasum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000018380 Chemical injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001677188 Coccus viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000006497 Dianthus caryophyllus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009355 Dianthus caryophyllus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012425 OXONE® Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003619 algicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKBMCNHOEMXPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium peroxymonosulfate Chemical compound [K+].OOS([O-])(=O)=O OKBMCNHOEMXPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Images
Abstract
Description
本発明は、潅水チューブ用洗浄剤及びそれを用いた潅水チューブの洗浄方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cleaning agent for irrigation tubes and a method for cleaning irrigation tubes using the same.
養液土耕栽培法は、基肥によらず、作物の生育ステージ及び生育状態に応じて、潅水量及び肥料の供給（施肥）量を管理して過不足なく作物に供給する方法である。この養液土耕栽培法は、１９９１年から研究が開始され、１９９８年以降農家で定着してきた新しい栽培方法である。潅水及び施肥は、通常水溶液とした肥料（液肥）を、潅水チューブを介して作物の根圏域に潅水施肥することで行われている。 The nutrient solution cultivation method is a method of controlling the amount of irrigation and the supply (fertilization) of fertilizer in accordance with the growth stage and the growth state of the crop, without depending on the base fertilizer, and supplying the crop to the crop without excess or shortage. This hydroponic soil cultivation method is a new cultivation method that has been studied since 1991 and has been established by farmers since 1998. Irrigation and fertilization are performed by fertilizing a fertilizer (liquid fertilizer), which is usually an aqueous solution, to the rhizosphere of a crop through an irrigation tube.
養液栽培法は、地面と隔離して液肥で作物を栽培する方法で、例えば、湛液栽培等の水耕栽培法、ＮＦＴ栽培等の水気耕栽培法、固形培地耕栽培法が挙げられる。固形培地耕栽培法では作物の支持材として礫を用いる礫耕栽培法やロックウールを用いるロックウール栽培法等の無機培地耕栽培や、籾殻、おがくず、ヤシ殻チップ等の支持材として用いる有機培地耕栽培が知られている。これら養液栽培においても、液肥を作物に供給する手段として潅水チューブが使用されている。 Hydroponic cultivation is a method of cultivating crops with liquid fertilizer separated from the ground and includes, for example, hydroponic cultivation such as submerged cultivation, hydroponic cultivation such as NFT cultivation, and solid culture cultivation. In the solid medium cultivation method, an inorganic medium such as a pebble cultivation method using gravel as a support material for a crop or a rock wool cultivation method using rock wool, or an organic medium used as a support material for rice hulls, sawdust, coconut shell chips, etc. Cultivation is known. Also in these hydroponic cultures, irrigation tubes are used as a means for supplying liquid fertilizer to crops.
これらの栽培方法には、十分な水溶解性を有する肥料が使用されている。 In these cultivation methods, fertilizers having sufficient water solubility are used.
しかしながら、潅水施肥を長期間行うことで、潅水チューブ内、特に潅水孔付近にスケールが付着するようになる。このスケールはリン酸、炭酸、硫酸、珪酸等のマグネシウム、カルシウム、鉄、マンガン、モリブデン等の金属塩、特に鉄、マンガン等の金属塩からなっている。スケール生成の原因は、液肥の送液を停止している期間中に潅水チューブ内及び潅水孔付近で水分が蒸発して液肥が濃縮されること、使用水に含まれる成分と肥料成分とが結合して水溶解性の低い物質に変化すること等にあると考えられている。 However, when the irrigation and fertilization is performed for a long period of time, the scale adheres in the irrigation tube, particularly in the vicinity of the irrigation hole. This scale is composed of a metal salt such as magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, molybdenum or the like such as phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid or silicate, and particularly a metal salt such as iron or manganese. The reason for the scale formation is that the liquid fertilizer is concentrated by evaporating the water in the irrigation tube and near the irrigation hole during the period when the liquid fertilizer feeding is stopped, and the components contained in the water used and the fertilizer components are combined. Is considered to be a substance having low water solubility.
上記スケールは、通常、潅水チューブ内で均一に生成するものではなく、一部の潅水孔を塞いで水及び液肥の作物への供給量を減少させる。このような場合、作業者は潅水孔の閉塞に気づかずに栽培を継続し、その結果、作物の生育ムラを生じさせてしまう。即ち、潅水チューブの潅水孔の閉塞は、養液土耕栽培法の基本的概念である栽培管理を不完全なものとしてしまうのである。 The scale is usually not uniformly formed in the irrigation tube, but blocks some irrigation holes and reduces the supply of water and liquid fertilizer to the crop. In such a case, the worker continues the cultivation without noticing the blockage of the irrigation hole, and as a result, the growth of the crop becomes uneven. That is, the blockage of the irrigation holes in the irrigation tube makes the cultivation management, which is a basic concept of the hydroponic soil cultivation method, incomplete.
今日まで、潅水チューブの洗浄は、作業者（農家）自らが塩酸、過酸化水素水、次亜塩素酸ソーダの水溶液等での洗浄を試みる程度しか行われていない。これらの薬品による洗浄効果は不充分であり、また作物に対する薬害が懸念されるため、作物栽培期間中に到底使用できるものではなかった。 Until now, cleaning of irrigation tubes has only been performed to the extent that workers (farmers) themselves attempt to clean them with hydrochloric acid, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite, and the like. Since the cleaning effect of these chemicals is insufficient, and there is concern about the chemical damage to the crops, they cannot be used at all during the crop cultivation period.
ところで、過硫酸塩と有機酸とを使用した洗浄剤は一般に知られており、例えば、義歯洗浄剤（特許文献１乃至特許文献７）、床等の硬質表面用洗浄剤（特許文献８）、排水口等の除菌、消臭、漂白或いはヌメリ取り用組成物（特許文献９）等が公知である。 By the way, detergents using persulfates and organic acids are generally known, for example, denture detergents (Patent Documents 1 to 7), detergents for hard surfaces such as floors (Patent Document 8), A composition for removing bacteria, deodorizing, bleaching, or removing slime from a drain port or the like (Patent Document 9) is known.
特許文献１乃至特許文献５に記載の義歯洗浄剤は、義歯に付着した汚れを取るために炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩等を含み、有機酸との化学反応で炭酸ガスを発生させて洗浄を実行する機構を備え、その水溶液は中性からアルカリ性となっている。特許文献８に記載の洗浄剤も、上記と同様の構成を有している。このような構成を有する洗浄剤を作物の栽培で使用した潅水チューブの洗浄に適用しても満足のいく洗浄効果が発揮されない（後記比較例１５参照）。更に、特許文献１乃至特許文献５及び特許文献８の洗浄剤に含まれている炭酸塩及び炭酸水素塩はアルカリ性を示すため、十分な洗浄効果を期待して多量に使用するとアルカリ性が強くなり、その結果、作物の根に薬害を生じさせたり、肥料の微量要素成分の吸収を抑制させる虞れがある。特に養液土耕栽培法においては、作物の根圏域に潅水されるように潅水チューブが設置されているので、作物の根に及ぼす悪影響は顕著になる。 The denture cleaning agents described in Patent Literatures 1 to 5 include carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like for removing dirt attached to dentures, and perform cleaning by generating carbon dioxide gas by a chemical reaction with an organic acid. The aqueous solution is neutral to alkaline. The cleaning agent described in Patent Document 8 also has a configuration similar to the above. Even if the cleaning agent having such a configuration is applied to cleaning of irrigation tubes used in cultivation of crops, a satisfactory cleaning effect is not exhibited (see Comparative Example 15 described later). Further, the carbonates and bicarbonates contained in the cleaning agents of Patent Documents 1 to 5 and Patent Document 8 exhibit alkalinity. Therefore, when used in a large amount in expectation of a sufficient cleaning effect, the alkalinity becomes strong. As a result, there is a possibility that phytotoxicity may be caused to the roots of the crop or absorption of the trace element component of the fertilizer may be suppressed. In particular, in the hydroponic soil cultivation method, since the irrigation tube is installed so as to irrigate the rhizosphere of the crop, the adverse effect on the root of the crop becomes remarkable.
特許文献６に記載の義歯洗浄剤は、酸及び過硫酸塩を含有する酸性速溶部と過ホウ酸塩又は過炭酸塩の少なくとも１種と炭酸塩を含有するアルカリ性徐溶部を有する粒状もしくは錠剤状洗浄剤である（特許文献６、０００８段落）。この義歯洗浄剤は、速溶性の酸性部と徐溶性のアルカリ性部からなり、水に投入するとまず速溶性の酸性部が崩壊、溶解して歯石除去効果を発現し、引続き徐溶性のアルカリ性部が徐々に崩壊、溶解し、それにより洗浄剤液のｐＨ値を６以上の中性乃至アルカリ性域にシフトさせ、義歯素材の損傷を防止しようとするものである。しかしながら、特許文献６に記載の洗浄剤では、十分な洗浄効果を発揮できない。即ち、潅水チューブの洗浄が特に要求される潅水孔付近は微細構造であるために、潅水チューブの洗浄には洗浄剤を水に完全に溶解した洗浄液として使用する必要があるが、特許文献６に記載の洗浄剤を水に完全に溶解させると、ｐＨ値は６以上の中性乃至アルカリ性域となり、所望の洗浄効果を全く発現できなくなる。 The denture cleaner described in Patent Document 6 is a granule or tablet having an acid fast-dissolving part containing an acid and a persulfate and an alkaline slowly dissolving part containing a carbonate and at least one of perborate or percarbonate. (Patent Document 6, paragraph 0008). This denture cleaning agent consists of a fast-dissolving acidic part and a slowly dissolving alkaline part. When poured into water, the fast-dissolving acidic part first disintegrates and dissolves to exhibit a tartar removing effect. It gradually disintegrates and dissolves, thereby shifting the pH value of the cleaning solution to a neutral or alkaline range of 6 or more to prevent damage to the denture material. However, the cleaning agent described in Patent Document 6 cannot exert a sufficient cleaning effect. That is, since the vicinity of the irrigation hole, where cleaning of the irrigation tube is particularly required, has a fine structure, it is necessary to use a cleaning solution in which a cleaning agent is completely dissolved in water to wash the irrigation tube. If the cleaning agent described is completely dissolved in water, the pH value will be in a neutral or alkaline range of 6 or more, and the desired cleaning effect will not be exhibited at all.
特許文献７には、ｐＨ２．５〜５を有する液体義歯洗浄剤が記されている。この義歯洗浄剤には、酸及び酸塩の他、界面活性剤が配合されている。特許文献７の００３３段落には、「本発明の液体義歯洗浄剤の優れた洗浄効果は、酸及び各種酸塩と界面活性剤との相乗効果によるものである。」との記載がある。しかしながら、特許文献７に記載の義歯洗浄剤は、作物に薬害を与えるものであり、潅水チューブの洗浄に使用できるものではない。例えば、特許文献７の実施例４の洗浄剤は、後記比較例１４から明らかなように、作物に重度の薬害を与えている。 Patent Document 7 describes a liquid denture cleaner having a pH of 2.5 to 5. This denture cleaning agent contains a surfactant in addition to the acid and the acid salt. Paragraph 0033 of Patent Document 7 states that "The excellent cleaning effect of the liquid denture cleaning agent of the present invention is due to the synergistic effect of an acid and various acid salts and a surfactant." However, the denture cleaning agent described in Patent Literature 7 causes phytotoxicity to crops and cannot be used for cleaning irrigation tubes. For example, the cleaning agent of Example 4 of Patent Literature 7 seriously damages crops as apparent from Comparative Example 14 described later.
更に、特許文献９には、ペルオキシ一硫酸カリウム・硫酸水素カリウム・硫酸カリウムの複塩化合物及び常温で固体の有機酸（例えばクエン酸）及び脂肪酸化合物を含有し、これらを混合して錠剤にした組成物が記載されている。しかしながら、これらの組成物は、鉄スケールを除去する作用を有しておらず、潅水チューブの洗浄には使用できない（後記比較例１３参照）。
本発明は、養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムで使用する潅水チューブの洗浄剤であって、十分な洗浄効果を有し、且つ栽培作物に対して影響が少なく安全な洗浄剤を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention provides a detergent for irrigation tubes used in a nutrient solution cultivation system or a nutrient solution cultivation system, which has a sufficient washing effect and has a small effect on cultivated crops and is safe. The task is to
本発明は、潅水チューブ用洗浄剤を簡便に処理し、且つ洗浄効果を有効に発揮するための潅水チューブの洗浄方法を提供することを課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cleaning an irrigation tube for easily treating a cleaning agent for an irrigation tube and effectively exhibiting a cleaning effect.
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩と特定のヒドロキシカルボン酸とを特定の配合割合で組み合わせることで、潅水チューブの洗浄に有効であること、且つ栽培作物に対する薬害を軽微なものに抑えることができることを見い出した。また、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩とヒドロキシカルボン酸との組合せに金属粉末、特に亜鉛粉末を添加することで、洗浄効果を維持もしくは向上させつつ、作物に対する薬害を顕著に軽減し得ることを見い出した。更に、本発明者等は、養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムに適し、作物栽培期間中であっても洗浄可能な潅水チューブの洗浄方法を見い出した。本発明は、このような知見に基づき完成されたものである。
１．本発明は、養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムにおける潅水チューブの洗浄剤であって、（ａ）ペルオキソ二硫酸塩並びに（ｂ）クエン酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも１種のヒドロキシカルボン酸からなり、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩１重量部当たりヒドロキシカルボン酸が１〜９重量部配合されている潅水チューブ用洗浄剤を提供する。
２．本発明は、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩が、ペルオキソ二硫酸ナトリウム、ペルオキソ二硫酸カリウム及びペルオキソ二硫酸アンモニウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種である上記１に記載の洗浄剤を提供する。
３．本発明は、更に金属粉末を含有する上記１又は２に記載の洗浄剤を提供する。
４．本発明は、金属粉末が亜鉛粉末である上記３に記載の洗浄剤を提供する。
５．本発明は、更に水を含有し、ｐＨが４以下である上記１〜４のいずれかに記載の洗浄剤を提供する。
６．本発明は、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩及びヒドロキシカルボン酸の総濃度が０．００１〜２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）となるように水に溶解させて使用される上記１〜５のいずれかに記載の洗浄剤を提供する。
７．本発明は、養液土耕栽培用肥料又は養液栽培用肥料が添加されてなる上記５又は６に記載の洗浄剤を提供する。
８．本発明は、上記５〜７のいずれかに記載の水溶液形態の洗浄剤を養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムの潅水チューブに給送する工程を備える養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムの潅水チューブの洗浄方法を提供する。
９．本発明は、上記５〜７のいずれかに記載の水溶液形態の洗浄液を養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムの潅水チューブに給送し、充填する工程、及び該洗浄液の充填状態を維持する工程を備える、上記８に記載の潅水チューブの洗浄方法を提供する。
１０．本発明は、（１）潅水チューブ内の原水及び／又は液肥を除去する工程、（２）該潅水チューブの末端部を閉鎖する工程、（３）請求項５〜７のいずれかに記載の水溶液形態の洗浄液を該潅水チューブ内に給送し、充填する工程、及び（４）該洗浄液の充填状態を維持する工程を備える、上記９に記載の潅水チューブの洗浄方法を提供する。
１１．本発明は、養液土耕栽培又は養液栽培に使用する肥料と共に、上記５又は６に記載の水溶液形態の洗浄剤を作物に供給することを特徴とする潅水チューブの洗浄方法を提供する。
１２．本発明は、上記７に記載の水溶液形態の洗浄剤を作物に供給することを特徴とする潅水チューブの洗浄方法を提供する。
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, by combining peroxodisulfate and a specific hydroxycarboxylic acid in a specific mixing ratio, it is effective for cleaning irrigation tubes. In addition, it has been found that chemical damage to cultivated crops can be suppressed to a small level. It has also been found that by adding a metal powder, particularly zinc powder, to a combination of a peroxodisulfate and a hydroxycarboxylic acid, it is possible to significantly reduce the phytotoxicity to crops while maintaining or improving the cleaning effect. Furthermore, the present inventors have found a method for cleaning an irrigation tube suitable for a nutrient solution soil cultivation system or a nutrient solution cultivation system and capable of washing even during a crop cultivation period. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
1. The present invention relates to a detergent for a watering tube in a hydroponic soil cultivation system or a hydroponic culture system, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of (a) peroxodisulfate and (b) citric acid and malic acid. Kind Code: A1 Abstract: There is provided a cleaning agent for an irrigation tube, comprising 1 to 9 parts by weight of hydroxycarboxylic acid per 1 part by weight of peroxodisulfate.
2. The present invention provides the cleaning agent according to 1, wherein the peroxodisulfate is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate, and ammonium peroxodisulfate.
3. The present invention provides the cleaning agent according to the above 1 or 2, further comprising a metal powder.
4. The present invention provides the cleaning agent according to the above item 3, wherein the metal powder is a zinc powder.
5. The present invention provides the cleaning agent according to any one of the above items 1 to 4, further containing water and having a pH of 4 or less.
6. The cleaning according to any one of the above 1 to 5, wherein the present invention is used by dissolving in water such that the total concentration of peroxodisulfate and hydroxycarboxylic acid becomes 0.001 to 2% (W / V). Provide the agent.
7. The present invention provides the detergent according to the above item 5 or 6, to which a fertilizer for nutrient solution cultivation or a fertilizer for nutrient solution cultivation is added.
8. The present invention provides a nutrient solution cultivation system or a nutrient solution, which comprises a step of feeding the detergent in the form of an aqueous solution according to any one of the above 5 to a nutrient solution cultivation system or an irrigation tube of the nutrient solution cultivation system. A method for cleaning an irrigation tube of a cultivation system is provided.
9. The present invention provides a step of feeding and filling the washing liquid in the form of an aqueous solution according to any of the above 5 to 7 into an irrigation tube of a nutrient solution cultivation system or a nutrient solution cultivation system, and maintaining the filling state of the washing liquid 9. The method for cleaning an irrigation tube according to the item 8, which comprises the step of:
10. The present invention provides (1) a step of removing raw water and / or liquid fertilizer in an irrigation tube, (2) a step of closing an end of the irrigation tube, and (3) an aqueous solution according to any one of claims 5 to 7. The method for cleaning an irrigation tube according to the above item 9, comprising a step of feeding and filling the irrigation tube in the form into the irrigation tube, and (4) a step of maintaining a state of filling the irrigation tube.
11. The present invention provides a method for cleaning an irrigation tube, characterized in that the cleaning agent in the form of an aqueous solution according to the above item 5 or 6 is supplied to a crop together with a fertilizer used for hydroponics or hydroponics.
12. The present invention provides a method for cleaning an irrigation tube, comprising supplying the cleaning agent in the form of an aqueous solution according to the above item 7 to a crop.
本発明において、潅水チューブとは養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムにおける潅水チューブを示し、点滴型、散水型、噴霧型等の一般に市販される潅水チューブが挙げられる。潅水チューブの材質は、一般に塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のプラスチックである。 In the present invention, the irrigation tube refers to a irrigation tube in a nutrient solution cultivation system or a nutrient solution cultivation system, and examples thereof include commonly available irrigation tubes such as a drip type, a watering type, and a spray type. The material of the irrigation tube is generally a plastic such as vinyl chloride, polyethylene or polypropylene.
本発明の洗浄剤は、養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムにおける潅水チューブの洗浄剤であって、（ａ）ペルオキソ二硫酸塩並びに（ｂ）クエン酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも１種のヒドロキシカルボン酸からなっている。 The cleaning agent of the present invention is a cleaning agent for an irrigation tube in a nutrient solution cultivation system or a nutrient solution cultivation system, and is selected from the group consisting of (a) peroxodisulfate and (b) citric acid and malic acid. And at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid.
ペルオキソ二硫酸塩としては、例えば、ペルオキソ二硫酸ナトリウム、ペルオキソ二硫酸カリウム、ペルオキソ二硫酸アンモニウム等が挙げられる。これらのペルオキソ二硫酸ナトリウム及びペルオキソ二硫酸カリウムが好ましく、水に対する溶解性の観点からペルオキソ二硫酸ナトリウムが特に好ましい。これらペルオキソ二硫酸塩は、一種単独で又は二種以上を混合して使用される。 Examples of the peroxodisulfate include sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate, ammonium peroxodisulfate, and the like. These sodium peroxodisulfate and potassium peroxodisulfate are preferred, and sodium peroxodisulfate is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of solubility in water. These peroxodisulfates are used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明で使用されるヒドロキシカルボン酸は、クエン酸及びリンゴ酸からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも１種である。本発明で使用されるヒドロキシカルボン酸は、無水物の形態であってもよい。クエン酸及びリンゴ酸としては、市販品を広く使用される。上記ヒドロキシカルボン酸の中でも、クエン酸が好ましい。 The hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the present invention is at least one selected from the group consisting of citric acid and malic acid. The hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the present invention may be in the form of an anhydride. Commercial products are widely used as citric acid and malic acid. Among the above hydroxycarboxylic acids, citric acid is preferred.
本発明洗浄剤において、ヒドロキシカルボン酸は、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩１重量部に対して、通常１〜９重量部、好ましくは１〜４重量部、より好ましくは１．５〜約２．３３重量部配合されている。換言すれば、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩とヒドロキシカルボン酸との配合割合は、重量比で（ペルオキソ二硫酸塩）：（ヒドロキシカルボン酸）＝１０：９０〜５０：５０、好ましくは２０：８０〜５０：５０、より好ましくは３０：７０〜４０：６０である。 In the cleaning agent of the present invention, the hydroxycarboxylic acid is used in an amount of usually 1 to 9 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 4 parts by weight, more preferably 1.5 to about 2.33 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of peroxodisulfate. It is blended. In other words, the mixing ratio of peroxodisulfate and hydroxycarboxylic acid is (peroxodisulfate) :( hydroxycarboxylic acid) = 10: 90-50: 50, preferably 20: 80-50: 50, more preferably 30:70 to 40:60.
本発明洗浄剤には、金属粉末を配合するのが好ましい。金属粉末としては、鉄粉末、亜鉛粉末等が挙げられるが、亜鉛粉末が特に好ましい。亜鉛粉末を配合することにより、洗浄剤使用に基づく薬害を顕著に軽減又は消失させることができる。 The cleaning agent of the present invention preferably contains a metal powder. Examples of the metal powder include iron powder and zinc powder, and zinc powder is particularly preferable. By blending zinc powder, it is possible to remarkably reduce or eliminate phytotoxicity due to the use of a detergent.
金属粉末の添加量としては、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩とヒドロキシカルボン酸との合計量１００重量部に対して、通常０．００１〜０．１重量部、好ましくは０．００５〜０．０５重量部程度とすればよい。 The amount of the metal powder to be added is generally 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight, preferably about 0.005 to 0.05 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of peroxodisulfate and hydroxycarboxylic acid. And it is sufficient.
本発明洗浄剤には、本発明の効果を損わない程度に、殺菌剤、金属キレート剤、酵素、着色剤、防腐剤、界面活性剤等の各種添加剤、除草剤、殺菌剤、殺虫剤、殺ダニ剤、殺線虫剤等の農薬、殺藻剤、植調剤等を加えてもよい。 The detergent of the present invention includes various additives such as a bactericide, a metal chelating agent, an enzyme, a coloring agent, a preservative, and a surfactant, a herbicide, a bactericide, and an insecticide to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired. And pesticides such as acaricides, nematicides, algicides, planting agents and the like.
尚、これら添加剤等を加える際には、作物に対する影響を確認して行うことが望ましい。 When adding these additives and the like, it is desirable to confirm the effects on the crop.
特に界面活性剤を使用する際には、その目的を界面活性剤自身の洗浄効果を期待して添加するのではなく、潅水チューブ又はその汚れに対する「なじみ」をよくすることを目的として添加すべきである。界面活性剤の使用量は、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩とヒドロキシカルボン酸との合計量１００重量部に対し、通常１重量部以下、好ましくは１〜０．０１重量部、より好ましくは０．５〜０．１重量部程度である。 Especially when a surfactant is used, its purpose should not be added with the expectation of the cleaning effect of the surfactant itself, but should be added for the purpose of improving the “fitness” to the irrigation tube or its dirt. It is. The amount of the surfactant used is usually 1 part by weight or less, preferably 1 to 0.01 part by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 0 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of peroxodisulfate and hydroxycarboxylic acid. It is about 1 part by weight.
本発明洗浄剤は、上記各種成分を水等に溶解させて溶液としてもよいが、単に混合して粉体として保管、流通させることができる。粉体の形態は、保管上の省スペース化、運搬の便宜性、配合される成分の安定性の面等から好ましい。 The cleaning agent of the present invention may be a solution obtained by dissolving the above-mentioned various components in water or the like, or may be simply mixed and stored and distributed as a powder. The form of the powder is preferable from the viewpoint of space saving in storage, convenience of transportation, stability of components to be blended, and the like.
また、上記各成分を使用時に混合及び／又は水に溶解させて、本発明洗浄剤を調製することができる。 Further, the above-mentioned components can be mixed and / or dissolved in water at the time of use to prepare the cleaning agent of the present invention.
本発明洗浄剤は、水溶液の状態で使用される。即ち、本発明洗浄剤を使用するに当たっては、水に該洗浄剤を溶解して水溶液の形態にする。その際の、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩及びヒドロキシカルボン酸の総濃度は、通常０．００１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以上、好ましくは０．００１〜２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）の範囲で適宜設定することができる。また、その濃度は、潅水チューブの洗浄方法によって適宜変更することができる。 The cleaning agent of the present invention is used in the state of an aqueous solution. That is, in using the cleaning agent of the present invention, the cleaning agent is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution. At that time, the total concentration of the peroxodisulfate and the hydroxycarboxylic acid can be appropriately set usually in the range of 0.001% (W / V) or more, preferably 0.001 to 2% (W / V). it can. The concentration can be appropriately changed depending on the method of washing the irrigation tube.
本発明洗浄剤は、使用時の水溶液のｐＨが４以下となるように調整する。該水溶液のｐＨ値は、好ましくは２〜３．５、より好ましくは２．０〜２．９である。ｐＨが４よりも大きくなると、洗浄効果が低下する傾向となり、また、ｐＨが２よりも低い強酸性では、作物に影響がでる虞れがあるので、いずれの場合も好ましくない。 The cleaning agent of the present invention is adjusted so that the pH of the aqueous solution at the time of use is 4 or less. The pH value of the aqueous solution is preferably 2 to 3.5, more preferably 2.0 to 2.9. If the pH is higher than 4, the cleaning effect tends to decrease, and if the pH is lower than 2, the crop may be adversely affected.
本発明洗浄剤の使用量は、その希釈割合、潅水チューブの総容量、潅水チューブの汚れ（スケール等）の程度等によって、適宜設定される。 The used amount of the cleaning agent of the present invention is appropriately set depending on the dilution ratio, the total volume of the irrigation tube, the degree of contamination (scale, etc.) of the irrigation tube, and the like.
養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムで使用される潅水チューブの洗浄は、上記のように調製された本発明洗浄剤を潅水チューブ内に送液（給送）することで行われる。 Washing of the irrigation tube used in the nutrient solution cultivation system or the nutrient solution cultivation system is performed by feeding (feeding) the cleaning agent of the present invention prepared as described above into the irrigation tube.
洗浄されるべき潅水チューブを本発明洗浄剤に浸漬することにより潅水チューブを洗浄することも可能であるが、養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムにおける潅水チューブは、長さが通常数十メートルであり、潅水チューブを取り外して洗浄操作を行うには、多大な手間を必要とする。また潅水チューブの洗浄は、作物の栽培期間中に行う必要が多く、作物を傷つけずに潅水チューブの取り外し及び洗浄後の取り付けを行うには多大な注意を要し、潅水チューブを埋設している場合は、これを取り外すことは不可能に近い。そのため、潅水チューブ内に本発明洗浄剤を給送して、潅水チューブを洗浄する方法が有効である。 Although it is possible to wash the irrigation tube by immersing the irrigation tube to be washed in the cleaning agent of the present invention, the irrigation tube in the nutrient solution cultivation system or the nutrient solution cultivation system usually has a length of several tens. Meters, and a great deal of labor is required to remove the irrigation tube and perform the washing operation. In addition, it is necessary to wash the irrigation tube during the cultivation period of the crop in many cases, and great care is required to remove the irrigation tube and attach it after washing without damaging the crop, and the irrigation tube is buried. If it is almost impossible to remove it. Therefore, a method of cleaning the irrigation tube by feeding the cleaning agent of the present invention into the irrigation tube is effective.
養液土耕栽培システムは、一般に原水ポンプ、濃厚肥料原液タンク、液肥混入機及び潅水チューブを有している。養液土耕栽培システムの概略図を図１に示す。 The nutrient solution cultivation system generally includes a raw water pump, a concentrated fertilizer stock tank, a liquid manure mixing machine, and a watering tube. The schematic diagram of the nutrient solution cultivation system is shown in FIG.
水道水、井戸水、河川水等の原水が原水ポンプによりシステム内に給送され、潅水チューブを介して栽培作物に潅水される。その際、濃厚肥料原液タンク中の高濃度肥料水溶液を前記原水で所定濃度になるように液肥混入機で混合し、希釈肥料水溶液（液肥）を調製し、その液肥を潅水チューブを介して栽培作物に供給することで潅水施肥することができる。 Raw water, such as tap water, well water, and river water, is supplied into the system by a raw water pump, and is irrigated to cultivated crops through irrigation tubes. At that time, the high-concentration fertilizer aqueous solution in the concentrated fertilizer stock solution tank is mixed with the raw water by a liquid fertilizer mixing machine so as to have a predetermined concentration to prepare a diluted fertilizer aqueous solution (liquid fertilizer), and the liquid fertilizer is cultivated through an irrigation tube. Can be irrigated and fertilized.
本発明の潅水チューブ用洗浄剤を用いた第一の洗浄方法は、潅水チューブ内に水溶液形態の本発明潅水チューブ用洗浄剤を給送し、該潅水チューブ内に該洗浄剤を充填した後、給送を停止して放置する方法が挙げられる。 The first cleaning method using the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention is to feed the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention in an aqueous solution form into an irrigation tube, and after filling the irrigation tube with the cleaning agent, There is a method of stopping the feeding and leaving the feeding.
潅水チューブ内に本発明洗浄剤を給送する方法としては、養液土耕栽培システムを利用するのが簡便である。例えば、養液土耕栽培システムの濃厚肥料原液タンク又は別途用意したバケツ等の容器に高濃度の水溶液とした本発明洗浄剤を入れ、液肥混入機により、原水で所定の使用濃度となるように希釈して潅水操作を行うことにより、潅水チューブ内に本発明洗浄剤を給送することができる。 As a method for feeding the cleaning agent of the present invention into the irrigation tube, it is convenient to use a nutrient solution soil culture system. For example, a concentrated fertilizer stock solution tank of a nutrient solution cultivation system or a separately prepared bucket or the like is charged with the cleaning agent of the present invention, which is a high-concentration aqueous solution, by a liquid fertilizer mixing machine so that the raw water has a predetermined usage concentration. By diluting and performing a watering operation, the cleaning agent of the present invention can be fed into the watering tube.
この時の濃厚肥料原液タンク又は別途用意したバケツ等の容器に投入する本発明の洗浄剤の濃度は、液肥混入機で設定される希釈倍率によって設定すればよく、例えば、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩及びヒドロキシカルボン酸の総濃度が１０〜２０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）水溶液を調製し、この水溶液を液肥混入機で１０〜１００倍希釈するように設定すれば、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩及びヒドロキシカルボン酸の総濃度が０．１〜２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）の洗浄剤を、潅水チューブ内に給送することができる。 At this time, the concentration of the detergent of the present invention to be charged into the concentrated fertilizer stock solution tank or a separately prepared bucket or the like may be set according to the dilution factor set by the liquid fertilizer mixing machine, for example, peroxodisulfate and hydroxy. If an aqueous solution having a total concentration of carboxylic acid of 10 to 20% (W / V) is prepared and this aqueous solution is set to be diluted 10 to 100 times with a liquid fertilizer mixing machine, the total concentration of peroxodisulfate and hydroxycarboxylic acid is obtained. 0.1% to 2% (W / V) of detergent can be delivered into the irrigation tube.
潅水チューブの洗浄は、通常、作物栽培期間中に行われるため、潅水チューブ内には潅水用の原水及び／又は施肥用の液肥が残っており、これらを洗浄剤と十分に置換しておくことが望ましい。 Since irrigation tubes are usually washed during the crop cultivation period, raw water for irrigation and / or liquid fertilizer for fertilization remain in the irrigation tubes, and these should be sufficiently replaced with cleaning agents. Is desirable.
潅水チューブ内に残る原水及び／又は液肥を潅水チューブ用洗浄剤の水溶液と置換する方法としては、例えば、水溶液形態の潅水チューブ用洗浄剤を潅水チューブの総容量以上を送液して、徐々に置換していく方法等が挙げられる。 As a method of replacing the raw water and / or liquid fertilizer remaining in the irrigation tube with the aqueous solution of the irrigation tube cleaning agent, for example, the irrigation tube cleaning agent in the form of an aqueous solution is fed over the total volume of the irrigation tube, and gradually. Substitution method and the like can be mentioned.
この時の洗浄剤の必要量は、適宜設定されるものであるが、潅水チューブ内の総体積、単位時間当りの給送量、潅水孔からの潅水量等を考慮して、算出することが可能であるし、また、置換完了を、洗浄剤に着色料を添加して洗浄剤を着色させ、潅水孔から出る水の色によって視覚的に判断することも可能である。 The necessary amount of the cleaning agent at this time is appropriately set, but can be calculated in consideration of the total volume in the irrigation tube, the amount of feed per unit time, the amount of irrigation from the irrigation hole, and the like. It is possible, and it is also possible to visually judge the completion of the replacement by adding a coloring agent to the cleaning agent to color the cleaning agent and the color of the water coming out of the irrigation hole.
本発明洗浄剤の使用量を節約する等の観点から、次の方法が適している。 From the viewpoint of saving the amount of the cleaning agent of the present invention, the following method is suitable.
まず、潅水チューブの末端部（原水及び液肥の流入口の対極に当たる部分でチューブエンド又はチューブ末端と呼ばれており、通常は密栓されている）を開放（開栓）して、潅水チューブ内の原水及び／又は液肥を排出して除去する。この操作で、チューブ内に遊離状態で存在していた汚れを排出することができる。次いで、該潅水チューブの末端部を閉鎖（密栓）し、水溶液形態の本発明洗浄剤を潅水チューブ内に給送して、潅水チューブ内に本発明洗浄剤を充填する。この時の本発明洗浄剤の水溶液の使用量（給送量）は、潅水チューブの総容量としてもよく、潅水孔から少量の該水溶液が吐出する程度とすればよい。 First, the end of the irrigation tube (the part opposite to the inlet of raw water and liquid fertilizer, called the tube end or tube end, which is usually sealed) is opened (opened) to open the irrigation tube. Drain and remove raw water and / or liquid fertilizer. By this operation, it is possible to discharge the dirt which was present in the tube in a free state. Next, the end of the irrigation tube is closed (sealed), and the cleaning agent of the present invention in the form of an aqueous solution is fed into the irrigation tube to fill the irrigation tube with the cleaning agent of the present invention. At this time, the usage amount (feed amount) of the aqueous solution of the cleaning agent of the present invention may be the total volume of the irrigation tube, and may be such that a small amount of the aqueous solution is discharged from the irrigation hole.
このように潅水チューブ内を本発明洗浄剤で置換した後、該洗浄剤の給送を停止して放置（洗浄剤の充填状態を維持）する。 After replacing the inside of the irrigation tube with the cleaning agent of the present invention as described above, the supply of the cleaning agent is stopped and the cleaning agent is left (the state of filling with the cleaning agent is maintained).
放置時間は、適宜設定されるものであるが、通常本洗浄作業は施肥又は潅水が終了してから行われ、次の施肥又は潅水が開始されるまでの間に行うのが好ましい。洗浄効果は１時間程度で発揮されるが、通常夜間の潅水や施肥は行われないので、本洗浄作業を前日の夕方から始め、一夜放置するのが簡便で好ましい。 The leaving time is appropriately set, but it is generally preferable that the main cleaning work is performed after fertilization or irrigation is completed and before the next fertilization or irrigation is started. The cleaning effect is exhibited in about one hour, but since watering and fertilization are not usually performed at night, it is convenient and preferable to start the main cleaning operation in the evening of the previous day and leave it overnight.
以上で洗浄作業が終了するが、所定時間放置した後、潅水チューブ内に洗浄剤が残った状態で、通常の潅水施肥管理を行ってもよく、また、潅水チューブの末端部を開放して該潅水チューブ内の洗浄液を排出・除去した後、潅水チューブの末端部を閉鎖（密栓）して、通常の潅水施肥管理を行えばよい。尚、洗浄後、原水を給送して、所謂「すすぎ」の操作を設けてもよい。 The washing operation is completed as described above. After leaving the washing agent in the irrigation tube for a predetermined time, normal irrigation and fertilization management may be performed, or the end of the irrigation tube may be opened to open the irrigation tube. After draining and removing the washing solution from the irrigation tube, the end of the irrigation tube may be closed (sealed), and ordinary irrigation and fertilization management may be performed. In addition, after washing, raw water may be fed and a so-called “rinse” operation may be provided.
以上のことから第一の好ましい洗浄方法は、
（１）養液土耕栽培システムの潅水チューブの末端部を開放して該潅水チューブ内の原水及び／又は液肥を除去する工程、
（２）該潅水チューブの末端部を閉鎖する工程、
（３）水溶液形態の本発明洗浄剤を該潅水チューブ内に給送し、充填する工程、
（４）給送を停止する工程、及び
（５）該洗浄液の充填状態を維持する工程
を備えている。
From the above, the first preferred cleaning method,
(1) removing the raw water and / or liquid fertilizer from the irrigation tube by opening the end of the irrigation tube of the nutrient solution cultivation system;
(2) closing the end of the irrigation tube;
(3) feeding and filling the cleaning agent of the present invention in the form of an aqueous solution into the irrigation tube;
(4) a step of stopping the feeding, and (5) a step of maintaining a state of filling the cleaning liquid.
尚、斯かる洗浄方法において使用する本発明洗浄剤の使用濃度としては、洗浄効果、経済性等の観点から、通常０．１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以上、好ましくは０．１〜２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、より好ましくは０．２〜１．５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、更に好ましくは０．２〜１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）程度とすればよい。 The concentration of the detergent of the present invention used in such a washing method is usually 0.1% (W / V) or more, preferably 0.1 to 2% (from the viewpoint of washing effect, economy, etc.). W / V), more preferably about 0.2 to 1.5% (W / V), and still more preferably about 0.2 to 1% (W / V).
本発明洗浄剤用いた第二の洗浄方法としては、養液土耕栽培法における潅水又は施肥管理に基づき、潅水又は施肥と同時に洗浄する方法が挙げられる。 As a second cleaning method using the cleaning agent of the present invention, there is a method of cleaning simultaneously with irrigation or fertilization based on irrigation or fertilization management in a nutrient solution soil cultivation method.
具体的には、養液土耕栽培システムの濃厚肥料原液タンクに濃厚肥料原液と共に高濃度の水溶液とした潅水チューブ用洗浄剤を入れ、養液土耕栽培法の施肥管理に基づき、施肥することで洗浄を行うものである。本方法は前述の第一の洗浄方法と異なり、数回に亙る洗浄で徐々に洗浄を完了させていく方法である。 Concretely, a fertilizer stock solution tank of a nutrient solution cultivation system, and a concentrated fertilizer stock solution together with a high-concentration aqueous solution of an irrigation tube cleaning agent, and fertilize based on the fertilization management of the nutrient solution cultivation method. Cleaning is performed with This method differs from the first cleaning method described above in that the cleaning is gradually completed by several times of cleaning.
斯かる洗浄方法において、使用する本発明洗浄剤の濃度は特に限定されないが、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩及びヒドロキシカルボン酸の総濃度で、通常０．００１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以上、好ましくは０．００１〜０．２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、より好ましくは０．００５〜０．１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、更に好ましくは０．０１〜０．０５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）とするのがよい。 In such a washing method, the concentration of the detergent of the present invention to be used is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.001% (W / V) or more, preferably 0.001% or more, in total concentration of peroxodisulfate and hydroxycarboxylic acid. To 0.2% (W / V), more preferably 0.005 to 0.1% (W / V), and still more preferably 0.01 to 0.05% (W / V).
本発明洗浄剤を連続的に使用する場合には、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩が土壌中で硫酸イオンとなるので、栽培作物の吸収能を超える量を与えると土壌中の塩類集積に繋がり好ましくない。従って、ペルオキソ二硫酸塩の使用濃度が０．０２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）を超えないように洗浄処理を施すことが望ましい。 When the detergent of the present invention is used continuously, peroxodisulfate is converted into sulfate ions in the soil. Therefore, if the amount exceeds the absorption capacity of the cultivated crop, it is not preferable because it leads to accumulation of salts in the soil. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out the washing treatment so that the used concentration of peroxodisulfate does not exceed 0.02% (W / V).
本洗浄方法は、施肥と同時に行うため、長期間に亙り、幾度も繰り返し洗浄するため、このような低濃度での使用が可能である。このような低濃度での使用は、本発明洗浄剤の成分であるペルオキソ二硫酸塩及びヒドロキシカルボン酸は肥料成分として使用することができるので好ましい。 Since this cleaning method is performed simultaneously with fertilization, the cleaning is performed repeatedly over a long period of time, so that such a low concentration can be used. Use at such a low concentration is preferable because peroxodisulfate and hydroxycarboxylic acid, which are components of the detergent of the present invention, can be used as fertilizer components.
以上のことから、好ましい第二の洗浄方法は、養液土耕栽培システムの濃厚肥料原液タンク中に、濃厚肥料原液及び高濃度の水溶液に調整した本発明洗浄剤を入れ、施肥と同時に洗浄を行う方法である。 From the above, a preferable second cleaning method is to put the concentrated fertilizer stock solution and the cleaning agent of the present invention adjusted to a high-concentration aqueous solution into the concentrated fertilizer stock solution tank of the nutrient solution soil cultivation system, and perform cleaning at the same time as fertilization. How to do it.
養液栽培システムでは、液肥が液肥タンクからポンプにより潅水チューブを通して作物に供給されるので、本発明の洗浄剤による洗浄は、該システムを利用して行えばよい。 In the nutrient solution cultivation system, the liquid fertilizer is supplied to the crop from the liquid fertilizer tank through the irrigation tube by the pump, so that the cleaning with the cleaning agent of the present invention may be performed using the system.
例えば、水耕栽培システムの場合には、本発明灌水チューブ洗浄剤の水溶液を栽培槽内に満たした後、送液を停止して放置する方法、本発明灌水チューブ洗浄剤の水溶液を循環させる方法等が挙げられる。水気耕栽培システム及び固形培地栽培システム等の洗浄には、基本的には上記養液土耕栽培法における洗浄方法を適用できる。 For example, in the case of a hydroponic cultivation system, a method of filling the aqueous solution of the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention in the cultivation tank, stopping the liquid supply and leaving the solution, and a method of circulating the aqueous solution of the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention. And the like. The washing method in the above-mentioned nutrient solution soil cultivation method can be basically applied to washing of the hydroponic cultivation system, the solid medium cultivation system, and the like.
これら養液栽培システムにおいては、本発明灌水チューブ洗浄剤の使用濃度を０．３％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以下とするのが好ましい。施肥と同時に洗浄を行う場合には、本発明灌水チューブ洗浄剤の使用濃度を、通常０．１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以下、好ましくは０．０５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以下とするのがよい。 In these hydroponic cultivation systems, it is preferable that the used concentration of the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention be 0.3% (W / V) or less. When washing is performed simultaneously with fertilization, the use concentration of the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention is usually 0.1% (W / V) or less, preferably 0.05% (W / V) or less. .
従って、前記養液土耕栽培法における第一の洗浄方法に準ずる場合には、本発明灌水チューブ洗浄剤の使用濃度を、好ましくは０．１〜２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、より好ましくは０．１〜１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、更に好ましくは０．１〜０．３％（Ｗ／Ｖ）とするのがよい。また、前記養液土耕栽培法における第二の洗浄方法に準ずる場合には、本発明灌水チューブ洗浄剤の使用濃度を、好ましくは０．００１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以上、より好ましくは０．００１〜０．１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）、更に好ましくは０．００５〜０．０５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）とするのがよい。 Therefore, when the first washing method in the nutrient solution cultivation method is followed, the use concentration of the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 2% (W / V), more preferably 0 to 2%. 0.1-1% (W / V), more preferably 0.1-0.3% (W / V). When the second washing method in the nutrient solution soil cultivation method is followed, the concentration of the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.001% (W / V) or more, more preferably 0.1% (W / V) or more. 001 to 0.1% (W / V), more preferably 0.005 to 0.05% (W / V).
固形培地耕栽培法において使用する固形培地には、潅水チューブ内に生じるスケールと同様のスケールが付着し易く、雑菌が繁殖し易い状態となり、ひいては作物に病害を与える原因となりかねないが、本発明の潅水チューブ洗浄剤を使用すると、潅水チューブの洗浄のみならず、作物の支持材となる固形培地の洗浄も可能であるので、好ましい。 The solid medium used in the solid medium cultivation method is easily adhered to the scale similar to the scale generated in the irrigation tube, and it becomes a state in which various germs are easily propagated, which may cause a disease to the crop. It is preferable to use the irrigation tube washing agent, because it is possible to wash not only the irrigation tube but also the solid medium which is a support material for crops.
本発明において、作物とは、従来から栽培されている農園芸用植物を全て包含し、具体的には、例えば、野菜、果樹、花卉、観葉植物等である。 In the present invention, the crop includes all conventionally cultivated agricultural and horticultural plants, and specifically includes, for example, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers and ornamental plants.
本発明の潅水チューブ用洗浄剤は、養液土耕栽培システム又は養液栽培システムにおける潅水チューブの洗浄を効果的に行うことができ、また栽培作物に対して影響が少なく安全面で優れている。 The cleaning agent for irrigation tubes of the present invention can effectively wash the irrigation tubes in a nutrient solution soil cultivation system or a nutrient solution cultivation system, and is excellent in terms of safety with little influence on cultivated crops. .
本発明洗浄剤に含まれているペルオキソ二硫酸塩及びヒドロキシカルボン酸は、作物の肥料成分として利用できるものである。 The peroxodisulfate and the hydroxycarboxylic acid contained in the detergent of the present invention can be used as fertilizer components for crops.
また、本発明の潅水チューブ用洗浄剤を用いた洗浄方法によると、作物の栽培期間中であっても、作物に薬害等の悪影響を与えることなく、潅水チューブの洗浄を有効に行うことができる。 Further, according to the cleaning method using the cleaning agent for a watering tube of the present invention, even during the cultivation period of the crop, the watering tube can be effectively cleaned without adversely affecting the crop such as chemical injury. .
以下に実施例を掲げて、本発明をより一層明らかにする。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be further clarified with reference to examples.
製造例１
表１〜表３に示す配合割合（表中の数字は重量部を示す）で各成分を混合し、本発明の潅水チューブ用洗浄剤（実施例１〜１０）及び比較用洗浄剤（比較例１〜１７）を調製した。
Production Example 1
The components were mixed at the mixing ratios shown in Tables 1 to 3 (the numbers in the table indicate parts by weight), and the irrigation tube cleaning agent of the present invention (Examples 1 to 10) and the comparative cleaning agent (Comparative Example) 1-17) were prepared.
上記で調製した各洗浄剤１０ｇをそれぞれ水に溶解させて、１０００ｍｌの水溶液（１００倍希釈液）及び５０００ｍｌの水溶液（５００倍希釈液）とし、各水溶液のｐＨを測定した。結果を表１〜表３に示す。 10 g of each of the above-prepared detergents was dissolved in water to prepare 1,000 ml of an aqueous solution (100-fold diluted solution) and 5000 ml of an aqueous solution (500-fold diluted solution), and the pH of each aqueous solution was measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
なお、比較例８は、洗浄剤を１４．０８ｇ使用し、１０００ｍｌの水溶液（１００倍希釈液とする）及び５０００ｍｌの水溶液（５００倍希釈液とする）とした。 In Comparative Example 8, 14.08 g of a detergent was used, and a 1,000 ml aqueous solution (100-fold diluted solution) and a 5,000 ml aqueous solution (500-fold diluted solution) were used.
試験例１（薬害試験）
９ｃｍのポリポット（培土：愛菜２号）で生育させたキュウリ（品種：夏すずみ、葉令：本葉１．１葉）を供試作物とした。
Test Example 1 (Pharmaceutical test)
Cucumbers (variety: Suzumi Natsu, leaf age: 1.1 leaves of true leaves) grown in a 9 cm polypot (cultivation soil: Aina No. 2) were used as test crops.
実施例１〜１０及び比較例１〜１７の各１００倍希釈液を５０ｍｌ／ポットに処理し、６日後の薬害を目視観察して５段階評価し、評価結果を表１〜表３に示す。 Each 100-fold diluted solution of each of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 17 was treated in a 50 ml / pot, and the phytotoxicity after 6 days was visually observed and evaluated on a 5-point scale. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
評価基準は、以下の通りである。
−：葉面積のうち白化又は萎れた部分の面積割合が０％
±：葉面積のうち白化又は萎れた部分の面積割合が１０％未満
＋：葉面積のうち白化又は萎れた部分の面積割合が１０％以上３０％未満
＋＋：葉面積のうち白化又は萎れた部分の面積割合が３０％以上５０％未満
＋＋＋：葉面積のうち白化又は萎れた部分の面積割合が５０％以上
比較例７では、地際部でくびれが生じ、倒伏した。比較例１４では、葉の黄化が激しく、新葉の生育を阻害した。
The evaluation criteria are as follows.
-: 0% of the area ratio of the whitened or withered part of the leaf area
±: The area ratio of the whitened or wilted part of the leaf area is less than 10% +: The area ratio of the whitened or wilted part of the leaf area is 10% or more and less than 30% ++: The whitened or wilted part of the leaf area %: 30% or more and less than 50% +++: The area ratio of the whitened or wilted portion in the leaf area is 50% or more. In Comparative Example 14, the leaves were severely yellowed and inhibited the growth of new leaves.
試験例２（洗浄試験１）
実施例１〜１０及び比較例１〜１７の各１００倍希釈液５０ｍｌに、リン酸三カルシウム１ｇ及びリン酸鉄２５０ｍｇを添加し、十分に撹拌した後、１５時間放置した。
Test example 2 (cleaning test 1)
1 g of tricalcium phosphate and 250 mg of iron phosphate were added to 50 ml of the 100-fold diluted solution of each of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 17, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred and then left for 15 hours.
放置後の各液体３ｍｌを抜取り、脱イオン水８７ｍｌ添加して９０ｍｌとした後、フィルター（０．４５μｍ）でろ過し、誘電結合プラズマ発光分光分析法により測定した。この測定には、誘電結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置（ＳＰＳ１７００ＨＲ、セイコー電子工業（株）製）を用いた。 3 ml of each liquid after standing was taken out, 87 ml of deionized water was added to make 90 ml, then filtered with a filter (0.45 μm), and measured by dielectrically coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. For this measurement, an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (SPS1700HR, manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo KK) was used.
発光分析結果に基づいて、鉄（Ｆｅ）及びカルシウム（ＣａＯ）の夫々溶解した濃度を次の基準に従い、５段階評価した。評価結果を表１〜表３に示す。
（鉄）
Ａ：１００ｐｐｍ以上
Ｂ：７０ｐｐｍ以上、１００ｐｐｍ未満
Ｃ：５０ｐｐｍ以上、７０ｐｐｍ未満
Ｄ：５０ｐｐｍ未満
Ｅ：検出外
（カルシウム）
Ａ：３０００ｐｐｍ以上
Ｂ：２０００ｐｐｍ以上、３０００ｐｐｍ未満
Ｃ：１０００ｐｐｍ以上、２０００ｐｐｍ未満
Ｄ：５００ｐｐｍ以上、１０００ｐｐｍ未満
Ｅ：５００ｐｐｍ未満
なお、対照として水のみでの同様に試験した場合、鉄は検出外（評価：Ｅ）、カルシウムは２．２５ｐｐｍ（評価：Ｅ）であった。
Based on the results of the emission analysis, the dissolved concentrations of iron (Fe) and calcium (CaO) were evaluated in five steps according to the following criteria. Tables 1 to 3 show the evaluation results.
(iron)
A: 100 ppm or more B: 70 ppm or more, less than 100 ppm C: 50 ppm or more, less than 70 ppm D: less than 50 ppm E: Not detected (calcium)
A: 3000 ppm or more B: 2000 ppm or more and less than 3000 ppm C: 1000 ppm or more and less than 2000 ppm D: 500 ppm or more and less than 1000 ppm E: less than 500 ppm When the same test was performed using only water as a control, iron was not detected (evaluation: E) and calcium were 2.25 ppm (evaluation: E).
試験例３（洗浄試験２）
カーネーション栽培農家で養液土耕栽培で４年間使用した、潅水量の減少した点滴潅水チューブのエミッター部を取り出して試験に用いた。実施例１〜５、実施例７〜８及び比較例５の１００倍希釈液及び５００倍希釈液の各１００ｍｌにエミッター部を浸漬し、１５時間後に取り出して流水で水洗後の汚れの取れ具合を肉眼観察した。
Test example 3 (cleaning test 2)
The emitter part of the drip irrigation tube with reduced irrigation volume, which was used for 4 years in a nutrient solution cultivation by a carnation cultivation farmer, was taken out and used for the test. The emitter portion was immersed in 100 ml of each of the 100-fold diluted solution and the 500-fold diluted solution of Examples 1 to 5, Examples 7 to 8, and Comparative Example 5, taken out after 15 hours, and washed with running water to remove stains. It was visually observed.
観察した結果を次のような基準に従い、４段階評価した。
◎：殆どの汚れを除去した。
○：汚れの付着跡が残る程度に除去した。
△：汚れが明らかに残っている。
×：汚れの除去が認められない。
Observed results were evaluated in four steps according to the following criteria.
A: Most of the dirt was removed.
：: The stain was removed to the extent that the trace of adhesion remains.
Δ: Stain is clearly left.
×: Removal of dirt is not recognized.
結果を表１及び表２に示した。 The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
試験例４（洗浄試験３）
実施例４の洗浄剤４．５ｋｇを水道水に溶かして１８リットルの洗浄液（洗浄剤濃度：２５％（ｗ／ｖ））を調製した。この洗浄液を養液土耕栽培システムの液肥混入機に接続した。点滴潅水チューブの末端部を開放し、チューブ内の液肥を排出後、再び密栓した。液肥混入機を５０倍希釈に設定し、原水（水道水）で点滴潅水チューブに送液し、全ての潅水孔から洗浄液が吐出した時点で送液を停止し、一夜放置した。その後、チューブの末端部を開放し、チューブ内の洗浄液を排出したところ、茶褐色の水が排出された。チューブの末端部を密栓し、原水を送液してすすぎを行い、洗浄作業を終了した。
Test example 4 (cleaning test 3)
4.5 kg of the cleaning agent of Example 4 was dissolved in tap water to prepare 18 liters of a cleaning solution (cleaning agent concentration: 25% (w / v)). This washing solution was connected to a liquid fertilizer mixing machine of a nutrient solution soil cultivation system. The end of the drip irrigation tube was opened, the liquid fertilizer in the tube was discharged, and the tube was sealed again. The liquid fertilizer mixing machine was set to 50-fold dilution, and the solution was fed to the drip irrigation tube with raw water (tap water). When the washing solution was discharged from all the irrigation holes, the solution was stopped and allowed to stand overnight. Thereafter, the end of the tube was opened, and the washing liquid in the tube was discharged, whereby brown water was discharged. The end of the tube was sealed, and raw water was supplied to rinse the tube, thereby completing the washing operation.
本試験は、ナスの栽培期間中（定植１０ヶ月）に行った。使用した点滴潅水チューブは、原水の流量が新設時で１５０リットル／分であったものが、洗浄前に１２０リットル／分に低下していたものである。洗浄処理後、原水の流量が１５０リットル／分に回復した。 This test was performed during the cultivation period of the eggplant (10 months of planting). The used drip irrigation tube had a flow rate of raw water of 150 liter / min at the time of the new construction, and had decreased to 120 liter / min before washing. After the washing treatment, the flow rate of the raw water was restored to 150 liter / min.
試験例５（洗浄試験４）
実施例４の洗浄剤６ｋｇを水道水に溶かして３０リットルの洗浄液（洗浄剤濃度：２０％（ｗ／ｖ））を調製した。この洗浄液を養液土耕栽培システムの液肥混入機に接続した。点滴潅水チューブの末端部を開放し、チューブ内の液肥を排出後、再び密栓した。液肥混入機を３０倍希釈に設定し、原水（水道水）で点滴潅水チューブに送液し、全ての潅水孔から洗浄液が吐出した時点で送液を停止し、一夜放置した。その後、チューブの末端部を開放し、チューブ内の洗浄液を排出したところ、茶褐色の水が排出された。チューブの末端部を密栓し、原水を送液してすすぎを行い、洗浄作業を終了した。
Test example 5 (cleaning test 4)
6 kg of the cleaning agent of Example 4 was dissolved in tap water to prepare a 30 liter cleaning liquid (cleaning agent concentration: 20% (w / v)). This washing solution was connected to a liquid fertilizer mixing machine of a nutrient solution soil cultivation system. The end of the drip irrigation tube was opened, the liquid fertilizer in the tube was discharged, and the tube was sealed again. The liquid fertilizer mixing machine was set at 30-fold dilution, and the solution was fed to the drip irrigation tube with raw water (tap water). When the washing solution was discharged from all the irrigation holes, the solution was stopped and allowed to stand overnight. Thereafter, the end of the tube was opened, and the washing liquid in the tube was discharged, whereby brown water was discharged. The end of the tube was sealed, and raw water was supplied to rinse the tube, thereby completing the washing operation.
本試験は、キュウリの栽培期間中（定植１ヶ月）に行った。使用した点滴潅水チューブはトマト−キュウリ（年２作体系）の栽培農家で３年間使用されたもので、原水の流量が新設時で１５０リットル／分であったものが、洗浄前に７０リットル／分に低下していたものである。洗浄処理後、原水の流量がほぼ新設時の数値まで回復した。 This test was performed during the cucumber cultivation period (one month of planting). The drip irrigation tube used was used for 3 years by a tomato-cucumber (two-year cropping) cultivation farmer. The flow rate of raw water was 150 liters / minute at the time of new construction, but 70 liters / minute before washing. In minutes. After the cleaning treatment, the flow rate of the raw water recovered to almost the value at the time of the new construction.
また、洗浄前のチューブ内の原水及び洗浄処理後の洗浄液中に含まれるＣａＯ、ＭｎＯ及びＦｅの濃度（ｐｐｍ）を、誘電結合プラズマ発光分光分析法により測定した。結果を表４に示す。 Further, the concentrations (ppm) of CaO, MnO and Fe contained in the raw water in the tube before the washing and the washing solution after the washing treatment were measured by a dielectrically coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Table 4 shows the results.
試験例６（洗浄試験５）
実施例４の洗浄剤４ｋｇを水道水に溶かして５０００リットルの洗浄液（洗浄剤濃度：０．０８％（ｗ／ｖ））を調製した。この洗浄液を湛液栽培システムで２日間循環洗浄させた。
Test example 6 (cleaning test 5)
4 kg of the cleaning agent of Example 4 was dissolved in tap water to prepare 5000 L of a cleaning solution (cleaning agent concentration: 0.08% (w / v)). This washing solution was circulated and washed for 2 days in a submerged cultivation system.
本試験で使用した湛液栽培システムは、トマトの栽培農家で１０年間使用され、その間洗浄作業は行われていなかった。 The submerged cultivation system used in this test was used by a tomato grower for 10 years, during which no washing work was performed.
洗浄の結果、洗浄液のｐＨ５．５に上昇し、透明であった洗浄液が黄褐色に着色し、スケールの溶解が確認され、栽培槽の壁面に付着していたスケールの剥離が認められた。また、すすぎを行った際に、多量の固形物の排出が見られた。 As a result of the washing, the pH of the washing solution was increased to 5.5, the transparent washing solution was colored yellow-brown, the dissolution of the scale was confirmed, and the peeling of the scale attached to the wall surface of the cultivation tank was observed. In addition, a large amount of solid matter was discharged when rinsing was performed.
試験例７（洗浄試験６）
実施例４の洗浄剤７ｋｇを水道水に溶かして７０００リットルの洗浄液（洗浄剤濃度：０．１％（ｗ／ｖ））を調製した。この洗浄液をＮＦＴ栽培システムの液肥タンクに入れてポンプで潅水チューブに２日間送液した。
Test example 7 (cleaning test 6)
7 kg of the cleaning agent of Example 4 was dissolved in tap water to prepare 7000 liters of a cleaning solution (cleaning agent concentration: 0.1% (w / v)). This washing solution was put into the liquid fertilizer tank of the NFT cultivation system, and sent to the irrigation tube by a pump for 2 days.
本試験で使用したＮＦＴ栽培システムは、ネギ（年６作体系）の栽培農家で4年間使用され、潅水チューブの潅水孔付近に多量のスケールが付着しており、そのスケールは物理的手法によって除去が困難な状態であった。 The NFT cultivation system used in this test has been used for 4 years by cultivation farmers of leek (six crops per year), and a large amount of scale has been attached near the irrigation hole of the irrigation tube, and the scale was removed by physical means. Was in a difficult state.
洗浄後、付着スケールの量が明らかに減少し、付着スケールも手により簡単に剥離除去できる状態になった。また、すすぎを行なった際に、多量の固形物の排出が確認された。 After the washing, the amount of the attached scale was clearly reduced, and the attached scale was ready to be easily peeled off by hand. In addition, when rinsing was performed, discharge of a large amount of solids was confirmed.
試験例８（洗浄試験７）
実施例４の洗浄剤を水道水に溶かして洗浄液（洗浄剤濃度：０．２％（ｗ／ｖ））を調製した。この洗浄液をロックウール栽培システムに接続してポンプで潅水チューブに送液した。送液量を潅水チューブからの排出量が全ロックウール体積の１／２量以上となるように設定した。１２時間放置した後、送液量と同量の水を送液してすすぎを行なった。
Test example 8 (cleaning test 7)
The cleaning agent of Example 4 was dissolved in tap water to prepare a cleaning solution (cleaning agent concentration: 0.2% (w / v)). This washing solution was connected to a rock wool cultivation system and sent to a watering tube by a pump. The amount of liquid supplied was set so that the amount discharged from the irrigation tube was １ ／ or more of the total rock wool volume. After allowing to stand for 12 hours, the same amount of water as the amount of liquid was fed to rinse.
本試験で使用したロックウール栽培システムは、トマトの栽培農家で３年間使用され、潅水チューブの潅水孔付近にスケールが付着していた。また、ロックウールの表面にも緑色の藻やスケールが確認されていた。 The rock wool cultivation system used in this test was used by a tomato grower for three years, and scale was attached near the irrigation hole of the irrigation tube. Green algae and scale were also found on the surface of rock wool.
洗浄後、その潅水孔付近のスケールは完全に除去されていた。また、ロックウールの表面のスケールも除去されていた。 After the washing, the scale near the irrigation hole was completely removed. The scale on the surface of rock wool was also removed.
すすぎ後、乾燥放置しておいたロックウール表面の緑色の藻は、水だけの処理では変化が認められなかったのに対し、本発明の洗浄剤を使用した場合には白色となり、干からびた状態となった。 After the rinsing, the green algae on the surface of the rock wool left to dry was not changed by the treatment with water alone, whereas when the cleaning agent of the present invention was used, the green algae became white and dried. It became.
試験例９（洗浄試験８及び薬害試験）
実施例４の洗浄剤０．６ｋｇをロックウール栽培システムの液肥タンク中の水耕用濃厚液肥（２５％（Ｗ／Ｖ））３０リットルに溶解し（洗浄剤濃度：２％（Ｗ／Ｖ））、液肥混入機で２００倍希釈に設定して定植１日のトマトに給液した。この時の洗浄剤濃度は０．０１％（Ｗ／Ｖ）であった。給液は、４分間／回、４回／日で行った。
Test example 9 (cleaning test 8 and phytotoxicity test)
0.6 kg of the detergent of Example 4 was dissolved in 30 liters of concentrated liquid fertilizer (25% (W / V)) for liquid culture in the liquid fertilizer tank of the rock wool cultivation system (detergent concentration: 2% (W / V)). ), Set to 200-fold dilution with a liquid fertilizer mixing machine and fed to tomatoes on the first day of planting. The detergent concentration at this time was 0.01% (W / V). The liquid was supplied at a rate of 4 minutes / time, 4 times / day.
原水流量が当初１７リットル／分であったものが、洗浄剤の給液から１２日後には１９リットル／分に改善した。この間、トマトに薬害は生じなかった。 The raw water flow rate was initially 17 liters / minute, but improved to 19 liters / minute 12 days after the detergent was supplied. During this time, no phytotoxicity occurred to the tomato.
その後、洗浄剤濃度を０．０２％（Ｗ／Ｖ）に上昇させて２１日間給液し、更に洗浄剤濃度を０．０４％（Ｗ／Ｖ）に上昇させて１ヶ月間給液したが、トマトに薬害は生じなかった。 Thereafter, the cleaning agent concentration was increased to 0.02% (W / V) and liquid was supplied for 21 days, and further the cleaning agent concentration was increased to 0.04% (W / V) and liquid was supplied for one month. No phytotoxicity occurred to the tomatoes.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8821646B1 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2014-09-02 | John C. Miller | Compositions and methods for cleaning and preventing plugging in micro-irrigation systems |
| US10046369B1 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2018-08-14 | John C. Miller | Method for cleaning micro-irrigation systems |
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| CN109234024B (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2021-06-11 | 广东顺德三阳化学有限公司 | Drinking water pipe cleaning agent, drinking water pipe cleaning method and drinking water pipe maintenance method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8821646B1 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2014-09-02 | John C. Miller | Compositions and methods for cleaning and preventing plugging in micro-irrigation systems |
| US10046369B1 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2018-08-14 | John C. Miller | Method for cleaning micro-irrigation systems |
| US10493499B1 (en) | 2006-01-30 | 2019-12-03 | John C. Miller | Method for cleaning and preventing plugging in micro-irrigation systems |
| US10632508B1 (en) | 2006-01-30 | 2020-04-28 | John C. Miller | Method for cleaning and preventing plugging in micro-irrigation systems |
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