JP2004196601A - Lightweight inorganic molding excellent in frost damage resistance and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Lightweight inorganic molding excellent in frost damage resistance and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004196601A
JP2004196601A JP2002367871A JP2002367871A JP2004196601A JP 2004196601 A JP2004196601 A JP 2004196601A JP 2002367871 A JP2002367871 A JP 2002367871A JP 2002367871 A JP2002367871 A JP 2002367871A JP 2004196601 A JP2004196601 A JP 2004196601A
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weight
frost damage
damage resistance
molded article
inorganic molded
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JP2002367871A
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JP4320704B2 (en
Inventor
Goji Ueda
剛司 上田
Akihiro Okada
明廣 岡田
Shinichi Takeda
真一 竹田
Kenichi Hirao
健一 平尾
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Toray Amenity and Civil Engineering Co Ltd
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Toray Amenity and Civil Engineering Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inorganic molding having strength comparable to that of a conventional one, excellent in frost damage resistance and workability, and excellent also in lightness in weight and non-combustibility, and to provide a method for manufacturing the same. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for manufacturing the lightweight inorganic molding excellent in frost damage resistance, 20-35 wt.% cement, 10-80 wt.% siliceous material, 0-15 wt.% pearlite, 2-10 wt.% mica, 2-10 wt.% wallastonite, 3-8 wt.% fibrous material, an adequate amount of a water-repellent and water are mixed to prepare a starting material slurry, the slurry is dewatered and molded by pressing to manufacture a molding, and the molding is cured and dried. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築物の外壁材、天井材および内装材などに好適に使用される軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体とその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、建築物の外壁材、天井材あるいは内装材などに使用される建築材料の一つとして、窯業系の建築材料が知られている。例えば、20〜27重量部のポルトランドセメント、消石灰に換算して13〜18重量部の生石灰又は消石灰、43〜50重量部のパーライト、4〜7重量部のパルプ、0.2〜1重量部の有機質繊維と適量の混和剤と水とを混合してスラリーとし、次にこのスラリーをプレスにより脱水成型して成型体を製造し、更に該成型体をオートクレーブ養生および乾燥してなる珪酸カルシウム系内外装板が知られている(特許文献1参照。)。しかしながら、この珪酸カルシウム系内外装板ではある程度軽量な製品が得られる可能性はあるが、珪酸質中空体等を使用するものではないために、満足できる十分なレベルの耐凍害性は得られないという課題があった。
【0003】
また別に、20〜27%のポルトランドセメント、消石灰に換算して13〜18%の生石灰または消石灰、43〜50%の珪藻土と珪酸質中空体より成り珪酸質中空体が20%以上である珪酸質材料、4〜9%のパーライト、4〜7%のパルプ、0.2〜1%の有機質繊維と、適量の混和剤と水とを混合しスラリーとし、次にこのスラリーをプレスにより脱水成型して成型体を製造し、更に該成型体をオートクレーブ養生および乾燥してなる、耐凍害性および加工性に優れた珪酸カルシウム系成型体からなる外装板が提案されている(特許文献1参照。)。この外装板は、軽量で加工性と耐凍害性を満足すると推定されるが、使用されるケイ藻土と珪酸質中空体は原料単価が高く、これらを多く使用すると原料コストが高くなり、経済的に工場採算性が取れなくなる。それゆえ、特殊な用途である化粧部材等で市販されており、一般の内外装材としては流通していないのが現実である。
【0004】
そしてこのような建築材料の中で、特に窯業系外壁材(サイディング)の製品嵩比重は現在0.95から1.10の範囲にあり、外壁材として用いられる板1枚の重量は25〜60Kgにもなるので、壁材の施工にあたってはいわゆる重量物の取り扱いとなり、施工には2名以上の共同作業者が必要となる。このことから軽量化の要望が強く出されているにもかかわらず、性能面から嵩比重0.9以下のサイディングは未だ市販されていない。
【0005】
そこで、本発明者らは種々の原料で検討した結果、珪藻土とフライアッシュバルーンを新たに配合した組成物を用いることによって、窯業系の建築材料としての基本性能を満足していて、かつ嵩比重が0.9以下と軽量なサイディングの生産が可能であることを見いだした。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特許第2611886号公報
【0007】
【特許文献2】
特開2001−206762号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで本発明の目的は、強度特性等基本特性の点では十分なレベルの性能を示し、かつ、汎用的使用が十分可能なコストで生産可能な軽量性および耐凍害性に優れていることは勿論、加工性と不燃性にも優れた無機質成型体とその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らのサイディングに関する検討によれば、軽量化はパーライトを増量することによって達成できたが、強度特性と耐凍害性は満足できなかった。そこで、珪藻土やフライアッシュバルーンを配合することなど、更に組成の検討を行ない、前記課題を解決できることを見出し本発明に到達した。
【0010】
本発明の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体は、20〜35重量%のポルトランドセメント、10〜80重量の珪酸質材料、0〜15重量%のパーライト、2〜10重量%のマイカ、2〜10重量%のワラストナイトと3〜8重量%の繊維材料を含む無機質成型体である。
【0011】
また、本発明の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体は、20〜35重量%のセメント、10〜80重量の珪酸質材料、0〜15重量%のパーライト、2〜10重量%のマイカ、2〜10重量%のワラストナイト、3〜8重量%の繊維材料と適量の撥水剤と水とを混合して原料スラリーとし、次にこの原料スラリーを脱水成型して成型体を製造し、さらに該成型体を養生および乾燥することことによって製造することができる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体は、基本的に下記の組成成分で構成される。
【0013】
(a) 20〜35重量%のセメント、
(b) 10〜80重量%の珪酸質材料、
(c) 0〜15重量%のパーライト、
(d) 2〜10重量%のマイカ、
(e) 2〜10重量%のワラストナイト、
(f) 3〜8重量%の繊維材料。
【0014】
本発明の無機質成型体では、セメントの使用量を20〜35重量%の範囲とする。セメントの使用量が20重量%より少ないと、製品の曲げ強度や凍害性が低下する。一方、セメント量が35重量%より多いと、製品の嵩比重が大きくなり、さらに釘打ちやカット性等の低下につながる。セメントの好ましい使用量は、25〜30重量%である。
【0015】
本発明で使用することができるセメントとしては、ポルトランドセメントが最も好ましく、JISR5210に規定されている普通、早強、超早強、中庸熱、耐硫酸塩あるいは低熱等のポルトランドセメントを挙げることができるが、普通ポルトランドセメントの使用で十分である。
【0016】
また、本発明では、他のセメントとしてJISR5211に規定されている高炉セメント、JISR5212に規定されているシリカセメントおよびJISR5213に規定されているフライアッシュセメント等も使用可能である。
【0017】
本発明の無機質成型体においては、10〜80重量%の珪酸質原料を使用する。本発明で用いられる珪酸質原料としては、フライアッシュと珪酸質中空体と珪藻土等が挙げられる。
【0018】
ここで、珪酸質原料として用いられるフライアッシュは、石炭火力発電所で排出される石炭の焼成灰を集塵したものであり、JISA6201で規定されている。フライアッシュには、I種、II種6およびIII種の3種類があり、いずれも使用可能である。さらに分級した比表面積の大きい高グレードのフライアッシュも使用可能である。
【0019】
フライアッシュの使用量は、好ましくは0〜25重量%である。フライアッシュの使用量が少ないと比重が高くなり、また、使用量が多くなると他の原料配合を圧迫することとなる。フライアッシュのより好ましい使用量は8〜15重量%である。
【0020】
また、本発明で珪酸質原料として用いられる珪酸質中空体としては、フライアッシュバルーン、シラスバルーン、マールライトおよびセラミックバルーン等が挙げられる。これらは単独あるいは混合して使用することができる。珪酸質中空体は、軽量化と耐凍害性向上の役割を担い、成型時のプレス圧力に耐え得るものであることが好ましい。珪酸質中空体は高温で焼成したものであり、外殻があり中が中空である。この外殻は厚く、また水を吸着せず、外圧(プレス圧)にも耐えれる程の剛性を持っている。また、嵩比重も0.05〜0.3程度で小さく軽量化に寄与するものである。
【0021】
この珪酸質中空体は吸水率が非常に小さい(0%)ことから、耐凍害性の向上に寄与している。フライアッシュバルーンは、フライアッシュを加熱発泡させて製造された珪酸カルシウムよりなる中空球状粒子であり、各種粒径のものが市販されており、これらを使用することができる。
【0022】
シラスバルーンは、シラスを加熱発泡させて製造された珪酸カルシウムを主成分としてなる中空球状粒子である。また、マールライトは、福島県福島市飯坂に産出する火山性細粒ガラス質凝灰岩を高温で加熱発泡させて製造される中空球状粒子である。セラミックバルーンは、各種市販されており、太平洋セメント(株)のアサノスーパーライトやイースファイアーズ(いずれも商品名)などが使用可能である。
【0023】
本発明では、珪酸質中空体として、JISA5007で規定されているパーライトLを使用することができる。パーライトLは、外殻が厚い中空状で嵩比重が0.25〜0.5と小さく、吸水率も低いので、珪酸質中空体として使用可能である。
【0024】
本発明で用いられる珪酸質中空体の使用量は、好ましくは5〜25重量%である。珪酸質中空体の使用量が少なすぎると、耐凍害性の低下となり、また、多すぎると、コストアップとなる。珪酸質中空体の好ましい使用量は、8〜20重量%である。
【0025】
本発明で用いられる珪藻土としては、国産、アメリカ産および中国産他全てのものが使用可能である。通常、珪藻土の嵩比重は0.2〜0.5である。珪藻土の焼成品も使用可能であるがやや反応性に乏しい。
【0026】
本発明で用いられる珪藻土の好ましい使用量は5〜30重量%である。珪藻土の使用量が5重量%より少ないと、曲げ強度の低下となり、また、30重量%を超えると、プレス成型時の脱水成型性が低下する傾向を示す。珪藻土のより好ましい使用量は、10〜25重量%である。
【0027】
本発明の無機質成型体では、パーライトを添加することができる。パーライトとしては、JISA5007で規定されているパーライトFやパーライトSが挙げられる。パーライトFの嵩比重は0.02〜0.10、パーライトSの嵩比重は0.1〜0.25である。これらは、JISA5007で規定されている一般的によく使用される軽量骨材で、発砲時に外殻が破れ易く、また水も入り易く、外殻は薄くて脆い部分が多のでプレス圧で破壊するものが多い。本発明では、パーライトFが軽量であり特に好ましく用いられる。
【0028】
パーライトの好ましい添加量は0〜15重量%である。パーライトは、製品の軽量化とスラリー脱水成型工程におけるろ過助剤の役目をするが、添加量が少なくてもフライアッシュバルーンがろ過助剤の役目をする。一方、パーライトの添加量が多すぎると、材料分離を生じ易くなり、スラリー上面にパーライトが浮き、そのままプレス成型すると製品表面の美観が損なわれるだけでなく、所定の比重、強度を持つ製品が得られなくなる。さらに、プレス成型時に圧力によるパーライトの破損が生じ、所定の比重を得られないだけでなく、耐凍害性能を阻害する傾向を示す。パーライトのより好ましい添加量は0〜10重量%である。
【0029】
本発明で用いられるマイカは、寸法安定性および耐火性能を付与する役割を持ち、その添加量は2〜10重量%である。マイカの添加量が少なすぎると寸法安定性および耐火性能を満足し難い。また、マイカの添加量は多いほど寸法安定性と耐火性能に効果はあるが、原料配合の割合から5重量%までとすることが好ましい。
【0030】
本発明で用いられるワラストナイトは、耐火性能および補強性能を付与する役割を持ち、その添加量は2〜10重量%である。添加量が少ないと耐火性能を満足し難い。また、ワラストナイトの添加量は多いほど耐火性能と補強性能に効果があるが、原料配合の割合から5重量%までとすることが好ましい。
【0031】
本発明の無機質成型体では、製品の強度向上と軽量化を図るため繊維材料を添加する。繊維材料の添加量は3〜8重量%であり、好ましい添加量は4〜7重量%である。好適な繊維材料としては、例えば、パルプと有機質繊維が挙げられる。
【0032】
パルプは、あらゆる種類のパルプが使用可能であり、中でもNUKP(針葉樹の未さらしクラフトパルプ)、麻パルプおよびサイザルパルプの使用が好ましい。さらにパルプとして回収故紙の使用も可能である。パルプの好ましい添加量は3〜8重量%である。パルプの添加量が少ないと曲げ強度が低くなり、さらに釘の引き抜き抵抗性や鋸引き等の加工性が低下する傾向を示す。またパルプの添加量が多すぎると、製品の不燃性が損なわれることおよび吸水による寸法の安定性が低下する傾向を示す。パルプのより好ましい使用量は、4〜7重量%である。
【0033】
パルプは繊維長が長いほど補強性能に優れており、できれば平均繊維長1.4mm以上のパルプの使用が好ましいが、1.4mm以下の繊維長のパルプも混合して使用される。繊維長の上限は通常2.5mm程度である。
【0034】
また有機質繊維は、市販されている通常の繊維を使用することができるが、アルカリ雰囲気下でのオートクレーブ養生に耐える有機質繊維が好ましい。特に、ポリプロピレン繊維またはアクリル系繊維が好ましく用いられる。有機質繊維の添加量は、好ましくは0.1〜1.0重量%である。添加量が少なすぎると分散性と補強性について十分な添加効果が得られず、多すぎると、製品の不燃性の低下を招くことがある。有機質繊維のより好ましい使用量は、0.2〜0.8重量%である。また、有機質繊維の繊維長は、好ましくは3〜15mm、より好ましくは6〜10mmであり、分散性と補強効果に寄与する。
【0035】
本発明の無機質成型体においては、上述した成分原料に加えて、適量の撥水剤を使用することができる。撥水剤としては、高級脂肪酸エステル系、ワックス系、シリコーンオイル系等の撥水剤が使用でき、アルカリ雰囲気下でオートクレーブ養生に耐える撥水剤が好ましく、例えば、高級脂肪酸エステル系の撥水剤としては、近代化学工業(株)製商品名ペルトールCS−104、竹本油脂(株)製商品名TKC−101D、中京油脂(株)商品名セロゾールJ160、ワックス系の撥水剤としてはアデカファインケミカル(株)商品名EX−105、また、シリコン系の撥水剤としては東レダウコーニングシリコーン(株)製商品名BY16−846などが市販されている。無機質成型体はその製造過程において、最高180℃の温度で高アルカリ(PH12以上)の雰囲気下でオートクレーブ養生されるので、撥水剤はこの条件に耐えられるものが使用される。
【0036】
撥水剤の好ましい添加量は、原料の固形分重量に対して0.05〜0.5重量%が好ましい。添加量が少なすぎると撥水性の効果が小さくなり、多すぎると耐凍害性の低下を生ずることがある。撥水剤のより好ましい添加量は、0.1〜0.3重量%であり、更に好ましくは0.1〜0.2重量%である。
【0037】
また、本発明の無機質成型体の製造においては、上述した成分原料に加えて、適量の水を使用する。水の使用量は、通常使用される量であり、原料の固形分重量に対して200〜300重量%が好ましい。添加量が少なすぎると原料の分散性の効果が小さくなり、多すぎると脱水成型性が低下することがある。本発明で好ましく用いられる水としては、PH10以上のアルカリ水が挙げられる。
【0038】
次に、本発明の無機質成型体の製造方法について例示説明する。本発明の無機質成型体の製造方法は、これに限定されない。
【0039】
本発明では、20〜35重量%のポルトランドセメント、0〜25%重量のフライアッシュ、5〜25重量%の珪酸質中空体、5〜30重量%の珪藻土、0〜15重量%のパーライト、2〜10重量%のマイカ、2〜10重量%のワラストナイト、4〜7重量%のパルプ、0.1〜1.0重量%の有機質繊維と適量の撥水剤と水とを混合して原料スラリーとし、次にこの原料スラリーをプレスにより脱水成型して成型体を製造し、さらに該成型体を養生および乾燥することにより、軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体を製造することができる。
【0040】
具体的には、まず、繊維材料(パルプと有機質繊維)と水とを混合して、パルプ濃度が約5%程度の繊維材料スラリーを予め調整する。この繊維材料スラリーを混合槽に移し、所定量のポルトランドセメント、珪藻土、フライアッシュ、フライアッシュバルーン、パーライト、マイカ、ワラストナイトおよび撥水剤を加える。これを3〜5分間混合撹拌して原料スラリーを製造する。次に、得られた原料スラリーを型枠に流し込み、20〜200秒間予備脱水してからプレス成型機に移し、成型圧力20〜50Kg/cm2で30〜200秒間プレス成形して成型体(板)を製造する。
【0041】
この成型体をプレス成型機から取り出し、60℃、98%RHで6〜20時間1次養生を行なった後、オートクレーブ養生缶に移す。温度150〜180℃、圧力0.38〜0.92MPaの条件で、4〜10時間の温度保持を行い、オートクレーブ養生を実施する。さらに、100〜120℃で1時間以上の含水率調整を行い、含水率5〜15%の無機質成型成型体を得る。このようにして厚さ10〜100mm、嵩比重0.7〜0.9の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体を製造することができる。
【0042】
成型体の養生方法には、自然養生、蒸気養生、オートクレーブ養生および水中養生があり、一般に工業的に使用されるのは蒸気養生とオートクレーブ養生である。本発明の養生にはいずれの方法も適用できるが、上記のように1次養生後にオートクレーブ養生を行うことが好ましい。その目的は、成型後すぐに成型体をオートクレーブ養生の高温、高圧下にさらすと、成型体がまだ柔らかいために高温水の流速で板の変形や空隙欠陥、亀裂、爆裂などが生じて、均一な板を得ることができないので、成型後にまず1次養生を行い、ある程度の水和反応を進行させて板の形状を安定化させるのである。
【0043】
また、オートクレーブ養生により、安定な針状結晶であるトバモライト結晶を生成させることができる。このトバモライト結晶を多く生成することにより、無機質板の曲げ強度と寸法安定性を向上させることができる。
【0044】
本発明の無機質成型体は、好適には板状で、外装材、内装材、耐火材、防音材、断熱材、防水材および調湿材等に好ましく適用される。
【0045】
次に、本発明の無機質成型体とその製造方法を実施例により説明する。
【0046】
【実施例】
本発明において、無機質成型体の機械的特性は、それぞれ次のJIS法に準じて測定した。
嵩比重 :JIS A 5430
曲げ強度:JIS A 1408
凍結融解試験:JIS A 5422
難燃性試験:JIS A 1321
吸水による長さ変化試験:JIS A 5430
(実施例1〜5、比較例1〜2)
表1に示した組成成分に従い、次のとおり実施した。水11300リットルに、パルプ(米国製針葉樹の未さらしクラフトパルプ、商品名:サモアパルプ)486Kgとポリプロピレン繊維(ダイワボウ社製、6mm長)11Kgを加え、約4.2%の濃度のパルプスラリーを調整した。該パルプスラリ−2640リットルを混合槽に移し、さらに水3180Kg、ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント(株)製普通ポルトランドセメント)448Kg、フライアッシュ(四電産業(株)製フライアッシュII種)269Kg、珪藻土(秋田産)179Kg、フライアッシュバルーン(東京興業貿易商会:商品名Tビーズ)215Kg、パーライトF(三井金属工業(株)製商品名パーライト加工4号12179Kg、マイカ(中国産)45Kg、ワラストナイト(中国産)45Kg、リサイクル材(セメント、パルプ、マイカ他の組成で成型した生産時の不良屑を粉砕したもの)301Kg、撥水剤(東レダウコーニングシリコーン社製商品名BY16−846)18Kgを加えた後、20分間混合撹拌して原料スラリ−を調整した。得られた原料スラリー250Kgを型枠に流し込み、30秒間予備脱水後、3000トンプレス成型機に移し、成型圧力40Kg/cm2で35秒間プレスして成型体を得た。成型機から取り出された成型体を60℃で9時間1次養生した後、165℃(圧力0.6MPa)の条件下でオートクレーブ養生を行った。更に、120℃で1時間乾燥して、1100×3100×20mmの成型体を得た。測定結果を表1(実施例1〜5)と表2(比較例1〜2)に示す。
【0047】
【表1】

Figure 2004196601
【0048】
【表2】
Figure 2004196601
【0049】
実施例1〜5においては、嵩比重0.9以下で高強度の製品が得られる。また、難燃性試験で合格となり、吸水長さ変化率を満足する。これに対し、ワラストナイトを用いていない比較例1では、難燃性試験の表面クラックが多く不合格である。また、マイカを用いていない比較例2では、吸水長さ変化率が大きく満足しない。
【0050】
(実施例6〜9)
上記実施例3において、撥水剤の種類と添加量を表3のとおり変えたこと以外は、実施例3と同様に実施して、成型体を得た。測定結果を表3に示す。なお、使用した撥水剤は次のとおりである。
・シリコン系とは:東レダウこーにング社製商品名BY16−846
・高級脂肪酸エステル系とは:近代化学工業社製商品名ペルトールCS−104
【0051】
【表3】
Figure 2004196601
【0052】
表3に示すように、耐凍害性の評価として凍結融解試験を実施した。実施例6〜9の成型体においては、厚み増加率が非常に小さく、凍結融解性能を満足しており、耐凍害性の向上が認められる。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、嵩比重が0.9以下の製品で軽量であることに加えて、十分な機械特性を持ち、耐凍害性が大幅に向上されていることは勿論のこと、加工性、軽量性、不燃性にも優れた無機質成型体(板)が得られる。すなわち、本発明の無機質成型体は本発明の課題を解消できる建築物内外装板の提供を可能にした。
【0054】
また、本発明の無機質成型体は、従来の製造工程で発生していた脱水成型不良等の問題を惹起することなく、安定した品質の成型体として製造することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a lightweight and excellent frost damage-resistant inorganic molded product suitably used for an exterior wall material, a ceiling material, an interior material, and the like of a building, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as one of building materials used for an outer wall material, a ceiling material, an interior material, and the like of a building, a ceramic building material is known. For example, 20 to 27 parts by weight of Portland cement, 13 to 18 parts by weight of quicklime or slaked lime in terms of slaked lime, 43 to 50 parts by weight of pearlite, 4 to 7 parts by weight of pulp, 0.2 to 1 part by weight A slurry is prepared by mixing an organic fiber, an appropriate amount of an admixture, and water, and then the slurry is dewatered and molded by a press to produce a molded body. The molded body is further subjected to autoclave curing and drying. BACKGROUND ART An exterior plate is known (see Patent Document 1). However, although this calcium silicate-based interior / exterior plate may provide a lighter product to some extent, it does not use a siliceous hollow body or the like, so that a satisfactory and sufficient level of frost damage resistance cannot be obtained. There was a problem.
[0003]
Separately, 20 to 27% of Portland cement, 13 to 18% of quicklime or slaked lime in terms of slaked lime, 43 to 50% of diatomaceous earth and a siliceous hollow body having a siliceous hollow body of 20% or more Material, 4-9% pearlite, 4-7% pulp, 0.2-1% organic fiber, appropriate amount of admixture and water are mixed to form a slurry, and then this slurry is dewatered by pressing. There has been proposed an exterior plate made of a calcium silicate-based molded body having excellent frost damage resistance and workability, which is obtained by producing a molded body by autoclaving and drying the molded body (see Patent Document 1). . It is presumed that this exterior plate is lightweight and satisfies workability and frost damage resistance, but the diatomaceous earth and siliceous hollow bodies used are expensive in raw material cost, and the use of a large amount of these materials increases the cost of raw material and reduces the cost. Factory profitability will not be obtained. Therefore, it is actually marketed as a decorative member or the like that is a special use, and is not actually distributed as a general interior / exterior material.
[0004]
Among such building materials, the product bulk specific gravity of ceramic exterior wall material (siding) is currently in the range of 0.95 to 1.10, and the weight of one plate used as the exterior wall material is 25 to 60 kg. Therefore, the construction of the wall material is a so-called heavy work, and the construction requires two or more co-workers. For this reason, despite the strong demand for weight reduction, sidings having a bulk specific gravity of 0.9 or less have not yet been marketed from the viewpoint of performance.
[0005]
Therefore, the present inventors examined various raw materials, and found that by using a composition in which diatomaceous earth and fly ash balloon were newly added, the basic performance as a building material for a ceramic industry was satisfied, and the bulk specific gravity was high. Is less than 0.9, and it is possible to produce lightweight siding.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 2611886 [0007]
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-206762 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a sufficient level of performance in terms of basic characteristics such as strength characteristics, and of course, to be excellent in lightness and frost damage resistance that can be produced at a cost that can be used for general purposes. Another object of the present invention is to provide an inorganic molded article excellent in workability and nonflammability and a method for producing the same.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the study on the siding by the present inventors, the weight reduction can be achieved by increasing the amount of pearlite, but the strength characteristics and the frost damage resistance cannot be satisfied. Therefore, the composition was further studied, for example, by blending diatomaceous earth or fly ash balloon, and it was found that the above problem could be solved, and the present invention was reached.
[0010]
The inorganic molded article of the present invention, which is lightweight and excellent in frost damage resistance, comprises 20 to 35% by weight of Portland cement, 10 to 80% by weight of a siliceous material, 0 to 15% by weight of pearlite, 2 to 10% by weight of mica, It is an inorganic molding containing 2 to 10% by weight of wollastonite and 3 to 8% by weight of a fiber material.
[0011]
In addition, the lightweight inorganic molded article excellent in frost damage resistance according to the present invention comprises 20 to 35% by weight of cement, 10 to 80% by weight of siliceous material, 0 to 15% by weight of pearlite, and 2 to 10% by weight of mica. 2-10% by weight of wollastonite, 3-8% by weight of a fiber material, an appropriate amount of a water-repellent agent and water are mixed to form a raw material slurry, and then the raw material slurry is dewatered and molded to produce a molded body. Then, the molded body can be produced by curing and drying.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The lightweight inorganic molded article excellent in frost damage resistance of the present invention is basically composed of the following composition components.
[0013]
(a) 20-35% by weight cement,
(b) 10 to 80% by weight of a siliceous material,
(c) 0-15% by weight perlite;
(d) 2-10% by weight of mica,
(e) 2-10% by weight wollastonite,
(f) 3 to 8% by weight of fiber material.
[0014]
In the inorganic molded article of the present invention, the amount of cement used is in the range of 20 to 35% by weight. If the amount of the cement is less than 20% by weight, the bending strength and the frost damage of the product are reduced. On the other hand, if the amount of cement is more than 35% by weight, the bulk specific gravity of the product increases, which leads to a decrease in nailing, cutability and the like. The preferred amount of cement used is 25 to 30% by weight.
[0015]
As the cement that can be used in the present invention, Portland cement is most preferable, and Portland cement having normal, fast strength, super fast strength, moderate heat, sulfate resistance or low heat specified in JISR5210 can be mentioned. However, it is usually sufficient to use Portland cement.
[0016]
In the present invention, other cements such as blast furnace cement specified in JISR5211, silica cement specified in JISR5212, and fly ash cement specified in JISR5213 can be used.
[0017]
In the inorganic molded article of the present invention, 10 to 80% by weight of a siliceous raw material is used. Examples of the siliceous raw material used in the present invention include fly ash, siliceous hollow bodies, diatomaceous earth, and the like.
[0018]
Here, fly ash used as a siliceous raw material is obtained by collecting burnt ash of coal discharged from a coal-fired power plant, and is defined in JIS A6201. There are three types of fly ash, Class I, Class II, and Class III, all of which can be used. Further, high-grade fly ash having a large specific surface area that has been classified can also be used.
[0019]
The amount of fly ash used is preferably 0 to 25% by weight. When the amount of fly ash used is small, the specific gravity increases, and when the amount used is large, the other raw materials are pressed. A more preferred use amount of fly ash is 8 to 15% by weight.
[0020]
In addition, examples of the siliceous hollow body used as the siliceous raw material in the present invention include fly ash balloons, shirasu balloons, marllite, and ceramic balloons. These can be used alone or as a mixture. It is preferable that the siliceous hollow body plays a role of reducing the weight and improving the frost damage resistance, and can withstand the pressing pressure during molding. The siliceous hollow body is fired at a high temperature, has an outer shell, and is hollow inside. This outer shell is thick, does not adsorb water, and has rigidity enough to withstand external pressure (press pressure). The bulk specific gravity is as small as about 0.05 to 0.3, which contributes to weight reduction.
[0021]
Since the siliceous hollow body has a very small water absorption (0%), it contributes to the improvement of the frost damage resistance. Fly ash balloons are hollow spherical particles made of calcium silicate manufactured by heating and foaming fly ash, and those having various particle sizes are commercially available and can be used.
[0022]
The shirasu balloon is a hollow spherical particle mainly composed of calcium silicate produced by heating and expanding shirasu. Marllite is a hollow spherical particle produced by heating and foaming high-temperature volcanic fine-grained vitreous tuff from Iizaka, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture. Various types of ceramic balloons are commercially available, and Asano Superlight and E-Fires (all trade names) of Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd. can be used.
[0023]
In the present invention, pearlite L specified in JISA5007 can be used as the siliceous hollow body. Perlite L can be used as a siliceous hollow body because it has a thick outer shell, a low bulk specific gravity of 0.25 to 0.5, and a low water absorption.
[0024]
The amount of the siliceous hollow body used in the present invention is preferably 5 to 25% by weight. If the amount of the siliceous hollow body used is too small, the frost damage resistance is reduced, and if it is too large, the cost is increased. The preferred use amount of the siliceous hollow body is 8 to 20% by weight.
[0025]
As the diatomaceous earth used in the present invention, domestic, American, Chinese and all others can be used. Usually, the bulk specific gravity of diatomaceous earth is 0.2 to 0.5. A diatomaceous earth fired product can be used, but the reactivity is somewhat poor.
[0026]
The preferred amount of the diatomaceous earth used in the present invention is 5 to 30% by weight. If the amount of the diatomaceous earth is less than 5% by weight, the bending strength tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 30% by weight, the dewatering moldability during press molding tends to decrease. A more preferred amount of diatomaceous earth is 10 to 25% by weight.
[0027]
In the inorganic molded article of the present invention, pearlite can be added. Examples of pearlite include pearlite F and pearlite S defined in JISA5007. The bulk specific gravity of pearlite F is 0.02 to 0.10, and the bulk specific gravity of pearlite S is 0.1 to 0.25. These are generally used lightweight aggregates specified in JIS A5007. The outer shell is easily broken when fired, water easily enters, and the outer shell is thin and brittle. There are many things. In the present invention, the pearlite F is light in weight and is particularly preferably used.
[0028]
The preferred amount of perlite is 0 to 15% by weight. The pearlite plays a role of a filter aid in the product weight reduction and the slurry dewatering and molding step, but the fly ash balloon plays a role of the filter aid even if the addition amount is small. On the other hand, if the added amount of pearlite is too large, material separation easily occurs, and pearlite floats on the upper surface of the slurry, and when pressed as it is, not only the aesthetic appearance of the product surface is impaired, but also a product having a predetermined specific gravity and strength is obtained. Can not be. Further, the pearlite is damaged by pressure during press molding, and not only cannot obtain a predetermined specific gravity, but also tends to hinder frost damage resistance performance. The more preferable addition amount of pearlite is 0 to 10% by weight.
[0029]
The mica used in the present invention has a role of imparting dimensional stability and fire resistance, and its addition amount is 2 to 10% by weight. If the amount of added mica is too small, it is difficult to satisfy dimensional stability and fire resistance. The larger the amount of mica added, the more effective the dimensional stability and the fire resistance performance, but it is preferable that the content is up to 5% by weight based on the ratio of the raw materials.
[0030]
The wollastonite used in the present invention has a role of imparting fire resistance and reinforcing performance, and its addition amount is 2 to 10% by weight. If the amount is small, it is difficult to satisfy the fire resistance performance. Further, the larger the amount of wollastonite added, the more effective the fire resistance performance and the reinforcing performance.
[0031]
In the inorganic molded article of the present invention, a fiber material is added in order to improve the strength and reduce the weight of the product. The addition amount of the fiber material is 3 to 8% by weight, and the preferable addition amount is 4 to 7% by weight. Suitable fiber materials include, for example, pulp and organic fibers.
[0032]
As the pulp, all kinds of pulp can be used, and among them, NUKP (unbleached kraft pulp of softwood), hemp pulp and sisal pulp are preferable. Furthermore, recovered waste paper can be used as pulp. The preferred amount of pulp added is 3 to 8% by weight. If the added amount of pulp is small, the bending strength tends to be low, and furthermore, the pull-out resistance of nails and the workability such as sawing tend to decrease. On the other hand, if the amount of pulp is too large, the non-combustibility of the product tends to be impaired and the dimensional stability due to water absorption tends to decrease. A more preferred amount of pulp is 4 to 7% by weight.
[0033]
The longer the fiber length, the better the reinforcing performance of the pulp. If possible, it is preferable to use pulp having an average fiber length of 1.4 mm or more, but pulp having a fiber length of 1.4 mm or less is also used as a mixture. The upper limit of the fiber length is usually about 2.5 mm.
[0034]
As the organic fibers, commercially available ordinary fibers can be used, but organic fibers that can withstand autoclave curing under an alkaline atmosphere are preferable. In particular, polypropylene fibers or acrylic fibers are preferably used. The added amount of the organic fiber is preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight. If the amount is too small, sufficient effect of adding dispersibility and reinforcing property cannot be obtained, and if the amount is too large, the nonflammability of the product may be reduced. A more preferred amount of the organic fiber is from 0.2 to 0.8% by weight. The fiber length of the organic fiber is preferably 3 to 15 mm, more preferably 6 to 10 mm, and contributes to the dispersibility and the reinforcing effect.
[0035]
In the inorganic molded article of the present invention, an appropriate amount of a water repellent can be used in addition to the above-mentioned component raw materials. As the water repellent, higher fatty acid ester-based, wax-based, silicone oil-based water-repellents can be used, and water-repellents that can withstand autoclave curing under an alkaline atmosphere are preferable. For example, higher fatty acid ester-based water-repellents Examples are: Pertol CS-104 (trade name, manufactured by Modern Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), TKC-101D (trade name, manufactured by Takemoto Yushi Co., Ltd.), CEROSOL J160 (trade name, Chukyo Yushi Co., Ltd.), and Adeka Fine Chemical (as a wax-based water repellent) EX-105 (trade name) and BY16-846 (trade name, manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd.) are commercially available as silicone-based water repellents. In the manufacturing process, the inorganic molded body is autoclaved at a maximum temperature of 180 ° C. in an atmosphere of a high alkali (pH of 12 or more). Therefore, a water repellent agent that can withstand this condition is used.
[0036]
The preferable addition amount of the water repellent is 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the solid content of the raw material. If the added amount is too small, the effect of water repellency is reduced, and if it is too large, the frost damage resistance may be reduced. The more preferable addition amount of the water repellent is 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by weight.
[0037]
In the production of the inorganic molded article of the present invention, an appropriate amount of water is used in addition to the above-mentioned component materials. The amount of water used is an amount usually used, and is preferably 200 to 300% by weight based on the weight of the solid content of the raw material. If the addition amount is too small, the effect of dispersibility of the raw material is reduced, and if it is too large, the dehydration moldability may be reduced. Examples of the water preferably used in the present invention include alkaline water having a pH of 10 or more.
[0038]
Next, a method for producing the inorganic molded article of the present invention will be described by way of example. The method for producing the inorganic molded article of the present invention is not limited to this.
[0039]
In the present invention, 20 to 35% by weight of Portland cement, 0 to 25% by weight of fly ash, 5 to 25% by weight of siliceous hollow body, 5 to 30% by weight of diatomaceous earth, 0 to 15% by weight of pearlite, 10 to 10% by weight of mica, 2 to 10% by weight of wollastonite, 4 to 7% by weight of pulp, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of organic fiber, appropriate amount of water repellent and water A raw material slurry is formed, and then the raw material slurry is dewatered and molded by a press to produce a molded body. The molded body is further cured and dried to produce an inorganic molded body having light weight and excellent frost damage resistance. it can.
[0040]
Specifically, first, a fiber material (pulp and organic fibers) and water are mixed to prepare a fiber material slurry having a pulp concentration of about 5% in advance. This fiber material slurry is transferred to a mixing tank, and predetermined amounts of Portland cement, diatomaceous earth, fly ash, fly ash balloon, perlite, mica, wollastonite and a water repellent are added. This is mixed and stirred for 3 to 5 minutes to produce a raw material slurry. Next, the obtained raw material slurry is poured into a mold, preliminarily dehydrated for 20 to 200 seconds, transferred to a press molding machine, and press-molded at a molding pressure of 20 to 50 kg / cm 2 for 30 to 200 seconds to form a molded body (plate). ) To manufacture.
[0041]
The molded body is taken out of the press molding machine, subjected to primary curing at 60 ° C. and 98% RH for 6 to 20 hours, and then transferred to an autoclave curing can. The temperature is maintained for 4 to 10 hours at a temperature of 150 to 180 ° C. and a pressure of 0.38 to 0.92 MPa, and the autoclave curing is performed. Further, the water content is adjusted at 100 to 120 ° C. for 1 hour or more to obtain an inorganic molded article having a water content of 5 to 15%. In this manner, an inorganic molded article having a thickness of 10 to 100 mm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.7 to 0.9 and excellent in frost damage resistance can be manufactured.
[0042]
The curing method of the molded body includes natural curing, steam curing, autoclave curing and underwater curing, and steam curing and autoclave curing are generally used industrially. Although any method can be applied to the curing of the present invention, it is preferable to perform autoclave curing after the primary curing as described above. The purpose is to expose the molded body to the high temperature and high pressure of autoclave curing immediately after molding, and because the molded body is still soft, deformation of the plate, void defects, cracks, explosion, etc. occur at the flow rate of high-temperature water, and it is uniform. Since a slab cannot be obtained, primary curing is first performed after molding, and a certain degree of hydration reaction proceeds to stabilize the shape of the slab.
[0043]
In addition, autoclaving can generate stable needle-like crystals of tobermorite crystals. By generating many tobermorite crystals, the bending strength and dimensional stability of the inorganic plate can be improved.
[0044]
The inorganic molded article of the present invention is preferably plate-shaped, and is preferably applied to an exterior material, an interior material, a fireproof material, a soundproof material, a heat insulating material, a waterproof material, a humidity control material, and the like.
[0045]
Next, the inorganic molded article of the present invention and a method for producing the same will be described with reference to examples.
[0046]
【Example】
In the present invention, the mechanical properties of the inorganic molded body were measured according to the following JIS methods.
Bulk specific gravity: JIS A 5430
Flexural strength: JIS A 1408
Freeze-thaw test: JIS A 5422
Flame retardancy test: JIS A 1321
Length change test by water absorption: JIS A 5430
(Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 and 2)
According to the composition components shown in Table 1, the test was performed as follows. To 11300 liters of water, 486 kg of pulp (unbleached kraft pulp made of US conifer, trade name: Samoa pulp) and 11 kg of polypropylene fiber (manufactured by Daiwabo Co., Ltd., 6 mm long) were added to prepare a pulp slurry having a concentration of about 4.2%. . 2640 liters of the pulp slurry was transferred to a mixing tank, and 3180 kg of water, 448 kg of Portland cement (Normal Portland cement manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.), 269 kg of fly ash (Fly Ash II type manufactured by Shiden Sangyo Co., Ltd.), diatomaceous earth (Akita 179 Kg, Fly Ash Balloon (Tokyo Kogyo Trading Co., Ltd .: T beads) 215 Kg, Perlite F (Mitsui Metal Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Pearlite No. 4, 12179 Kg, Mica (from China) 45 Kg, Wollastonite (China) Production) 45 Kg, 301 Kg of recycled materials (crushed defective wastes produced at the time of molding with cement, pulp, mica and other compositions), and 18 Kg of a water repellent (trade name BY16-846 manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd.) were added. Then, mix and stir for 20 minutes to prepare the raw material slurry. Was. Obtained slurry 250Kg the poured into a mold, after 30 seconds preliminary dewatering, transferred 3,000 ton press molding machine to obtain a molded body was 35 seconds pressed at a molding pressure of 40 Kg / cm 2. Withdrawn from the molding machine The molded body obtained was subjected to primary curing at 60 ° C. for 9 hours, and then autoclaved under the conditions of 165 ° C. (pressure 0.6 MPa), and further dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour and 1100 × 3100 × 20 mm The measurement results are shown in Table 1 (Examples 1 to 5) and Table 2 (Comparative Examples 1 and 2).
[0047]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004196601
[0048]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004196601
[0049]
In Examples 1 to 5, a product having a bulk specific gravity of 0.9 or less and a high strength is obtained. In addition, it passed the flame retardancy test and satisfies the water absorption length change rate. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which wollastonite was not used, many of the surface cracks in the flame retardancy test were rejected. In Comparative Example 2 in which mica was not used, the rate of change in water absorption length was not sufficiently satisfied.
[0050]
(Examples 6 to 9)
A molded product was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the type and amount of the water repellent were changed as shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows the measurement results. The used water repellents are as follows.
-What is silicon-based: Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd. product name BY16-846
-What is a higher fatty acid ester type: Pertol CS-104 (trade name, manufactured by Modern Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
[0051]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004196601
[0052]
As shown in Table 3, a freeze-thaw test was performed as an evaluation of frost damage resistance. In the molded bodies of Examples 6 to 9, the rate of increase in thickness was very small, and the freeze-thaw performance was satisfied, and improvement in the frost damage resistance was observed.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in addition to being lightweight with a product having a bulk specific gravity of 0.9 or less, it has sufficient mechanical properties, and, of course, the frost damage resistance is greatly improved, and the processability, An inorganic molded article (plate) having excellent lightness and nonflammability can be obtained. That is, the inorganic molded article of the present invention has made it possible to provide a building interior / exterior plate capable of solving the problems of the present invention.
[0054]
Further, the inorganic molded article of the present invention can be produced as a molded article of stable quality without causing problems such as poor dehydration molding which occur in the conventional production process.

Claims (8)

20〜35重量%のセメント、10〜80重量の珪酸質材料、0〜15重量%のパーライト、2〜10重量%のマイカ、2〜10重量%のワラストナイトと3〜8重量%の繊維材料を含むことを特徴とする軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体。20-35% by weight cement, 10-80% by weight siliceous material, 0-15% by weight perlite, 2-10% by weight mica, 2-10% by weight wollastonite and 3-8% by weight fiber An inorganic molded body that is lightweight and has excellent frost damage resistance, characterized by containing materials. 珪酸質材料が、0〜25%重量のフライアッシュ、5〜25重量%の珪酸質中空体および5〜30重量%の珪藻土からなる請求項1記載の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体。2. The light-weight, inorganic molded article excellent in frost damage resistance according to claim 1, wherein the siliceous material comprises 0 to 25% by weight of fly ash, 5 to 25% by weight of a siliceous hollow body, and 5 to 30% by weight of diatomaceous earth. . 珪酸質中空体が、フライアッシュバルーン、フライアッシュビーズ、シラスバルーンまたはマールライトからなる請求項2記載の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体。3. The inorganic molded article according to claim 2, wherein the siliceous hollow body comprises a fly ash balloon, a fly ash bead, a shirasu balloon or marllite. 繊維材料が4〜7重量%のパルプと0.1〜1.0重量%の有機質繊維からなる請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体。The lightweight inorganic molded article excellent in frost damage resistance according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fiber material comprises 4 to 7% by weight of pulp and 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of organic fibers. 撥水剤を0.05〜0.5重量%含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体。5. The inorganic molded article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of a water repellent. 撥水剤が、高級脂肪酸エステルまたは/およびシリコーン系撥水剤からなる請求項5記載の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体。6. The inorganic molded article according to claim 5, wherein the water repellent comprises a higher fatty acid ester and / or a silicone-based water repellent. 無機質板の嵩比重が0.9以下である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体。The lightweight inorganic molded article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bulk density of the inorganic plate is 0.9 or less. 20〜35重量%のセメント、10〜80重量の珪酸質材料、0〜15重量%のパーライト、2〜10重量%のマイカ、2〜10重量%のワラストナイト、3〜8重量%の繊維材料と適量の撥水剤と水とを混合して原料スラリーとし、次にこの原料スラリーを脱水成型して成型体を製造し、さらに該成型体を養生および乾燥することを特徴とする軽量で耐凍害性に優れた無機質成型体の製造方法。20-35% by weight cement, 10-80% by weight siliceous material, 0-15% by weight perlite, 2-10% by weight mica, 2-10% by weight wollastonite, 3-8% by weight fiber A lightweight material characterized by mixing a material, an appropriate amount of a water repellent and water to form a raw material slurry, then dehydrating and molding the raw material slurry to produce a molded body, and further curing and drying the molded body. A method for producing an inorganic molded body having excellent frost damage resistance.
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