JP2004187652A - Protein of luciferase of relative of high secretion type sea firefly - Google Patents

Protein of luciferase of relative of high secretion type sea firefly Download PDF

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JP2004187652A
JP2004187652A JP2002382996A JP2002382996A JP2004187652A JP 2004187652 A JP2004187652 A JP 2004187652A JP 2002382996 A JP2002382996 A JP 2002382996A JP 2002382996 A JP2002382996 A JP 2002382996A JP 2004187652 A JP2004187652 A JP 2004187652A
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luminescent enzyme
cells
protein
luciferase
gene
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JP4484429B2 (en
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Koji Kobayashi
孝次 小林
Katsuhiro Omiya
克裕 近江谷
Toshiteru Enomoto
敏照 榎本
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Atto Corp
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Atto Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To clone a luciferase having a high secretion efficiency capable of measuring or visualizing a change in slight gene transcription activity occurring in a short time in cells with a high resolution, and prepare and utilize a vector system of a reporter protein capable of measuring the transcription activity quickly at the outside of the cells by utilizing the characteristics of its secretion signal. <P>SOLUTION: The luciferase having a high secretion efficiency and an approximately 1/10 of the amount of the luciferase remaining in the cells of general Vargula hilgendorfii, from Cypridina noctiluca, a relative species of a sea firefly, is identified and a gene expression-detecting vector is constructed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は,細胞内にとどまることなく細胞外に効率良く分泌されるウミボタル発光酵素のタンパク質並びに該タンパク質をコードするDNA配列に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般の発光性甲殻類ウミボタルVargula hilgendorfiiは分泌性の発光酵素を持ち、そのウミボタル発光酵素のタンパク質のcDNAは既にクローン化されている。ここで発光酵素とは、発光酵素のタンパク質が細胞内で何らかの修飾を受けたものを含むものとする。上記一般のウミボタル発光酵素はウミボタル発光基質Cypridinaルシフェリンと反応して最大発光波長460nmの青色の光を発する。
上記一般のウミボタル発光酵素は細胞外に分泌される特徴をもつことから、クローン化されたcDNAをレポータ遺伝子として利用すると、細胞を破壊することなく遺伝子転写活性が測定(Thompson,E.M.,Nagata,S.& Tsuji,F.I.,Vargula hilgendorfii luciferase:a secreted reporter enzymefor monitoring gene expression in mammalian cells.Gene96,257−62(1990))できるために、有為であり、既に特許化がなされている(国際特許公開番号WO90/01542及び特公平3−30678)。特許化されている各種の発光酵素のうち、分泌可能なものは上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素のみである。
【0003】
この発光酵素を利用した報告には、画像解析システムを用いて細胞からの発光酵素の分泌を可視化した例(Inouye,S.,Ohmiya,Y.,Toya,Y.& Tsuji,F.,Imaging of luciferasesecretion from transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA89,9584−7(1992))および、哺乳類細胞に成長ホルモン遺伝子の転写活性領域を挿入したウミボタルレポータ遺伝子を導入し、生細胞における転写活性の変化を連続的に測定した例(Tanahashi,Y.,Ohmiya,Y.,Honma,S.,Katsuno,Y.,Ohta,H.,Nakamura,H.,Honma,K.,Continuous measurement of targeted promoter activity by a secreted bioluminescence reporter,Vargula hilgendorfii luciferase.Anal Biochem.289,260−6(2001))がある。
【0004】
上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素は、そのタンパク質合成後、小胞体膜を経てゴルジ体へ移行する段階で糖鎖修飾等を受け成熟型となり分泌することが知られており、分泌効率は分泌シグナル配列及び糖修飾の程度に依存すると考えられている。上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素の分泌効率測定例では、例えば一般的に良く用いられるNIH3T3細胞においては、24時間培養後に、生産された発光酵素の7%が、HeLa細胞では71%が分泌されず細胞内に留まっている(Thompson,E.M.,Nagata,S.& Tsuji,F.I.,Vargula hilgendorfii luciferase:a secreted reporter enzyme for monitoring gene expression in mammalian cells. Gene 96,257−62(1990))。
創薬ではタンパク発現阻害剤や分泌阻害剤などの開発及び探索が重要であり、細胞内におけるターゲットタンパク質の遺伝子転写活性の変化を指標としてスクリーニングが行われている。阻害剤の効果に伴う遺伝子転写活性の変化を伝えるのがレポータ遺伝子の役目である。そのレポータ遺伝子からつくられるレポータタンパク質は、単に遺伝子のON/OFFを知らせるだけでなく、阻害剤効果の経時変化が解析できること(時間分解能が高いこと)やレポータタンパク質自体が阻害効果を持たない、或いは細胞内機能を撹乱しない(細胞毒性がない)などの特性を持つ事が要求される。高い時間分解能を達成し且つ細胞毒性がないレポータ遺伝子としては、細胞内で作られたレポータタンパク質が速やかに分泌されるか、代謝される必要がある。
【0005】
上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素は、効率は低くとも分泌されることから、細胞外で転写活性の変化を速やかに測定できるが、細胞内に留まった大量のタンパク質は安定、且つ壊れにくく、速やかな代謝は期待できない。また、分子内に34個のシステイン残基を持つことから、細胞内に留まったタンパクは回りの酸化還元状態に大きな影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、短時間に起こる細胞内のわずかな遺伝子転写活性の変化を高分解能に発光活性として測定ないしは可視化できる分泌効率の高い発光酵素をクローン化し、その分泌シグナルの特性を利用して転写活性を速やかに細胞外で測定できるレポータタンパク質のベクター系の作成及び利用をしようとするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、上記一般のVargula hilgendorfiiのウミボタル近縁種ではあるが浮遊性の特徴をもち、採取の難しいCypridina noctilucaから細胞内に留まる発光酵素量が上記一般のVargula hilgendorfiiの約1/10である分泌効率の高い発光酵素を同定し、遺伝子発現検出ベクターを構築し、本発明の完成に至った。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
本発明で明らかにされたCypridina noctiluca発光酵素は、全体として上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素と80%程度の相同性があるが、N末端配列約30残基のアミノ酸配列に限れば相同性が50%となる特徴的な配列を有している。本Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素遺伝子を哺乳類細胞に形質導入すると、合成された発光酵素は、効率良く細胞外に分泌され、細胞内に留まる発光酵素は上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素の約1/10となり、従来の分泌効率を凌駕する分泌型発光酵素が得られた。
【0009】
本発明におけるDNA配列とDNA配列を含むベクターおよびベクターによって形質転換された形質転換体は、1、2として、以下ようにして得ることができる。
1.Cypridina noctiluca より作成されたcDNAライブラリーより上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素遺伝子をプローブとして相同性の高いC末端領域の一部の配列がクローン化できる。この部分配列をもとに、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を利用して、本発明のDNA配列をクローン化する。これら一連の操作は、市販のキットを用いて行うことができる。
2.本発明のDNA配列を哺乳類細胞での発現プロモータ領域を持つ市販のベクターに挿入して、このベクターを哺乳類細胞に形質導入する。遺伝子導入後の、培地の一部を取り出し、その発光活性を測定することで、発現プロモータの転写活性を評価することができる。これら一連の操作は、市販のキットを用いて行うことができる。
本発明では、N末端に高効率の分泌シグナルを持つCypridina noctiluca発光酵素のタンパク質の構造を配列表に明らかにした。
【0010】
【配列表】

Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
【0011】
本発明にかかるタンパク質は次のように書き表わされる。
1)配列番号1記載のアミノ酸配列を有する高分泌型発光酵素のタンパク質。
2)配列番号1記載のアミノ酸配列において、1若しくは複数個のアミノ酸が欠出、置換、若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列により表わされる、高分泌型発光酵素のタンパク質。
3)配列番号2記載のDNA配列又はその相補配列によりコードされる高分泌型発光酵素。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下、本発明実施についての具体例を列挙しさらに詳細に説明する。
【0013】
実施例1
Cypridina noctiluca cDNAの構築及び塩基配列の決定について。
Cypridina noctilucaは伊豆半島下田にて採集し、採集個体は液体窒素で固定後、cDNA作成まで−80℃で保存した。全RNAはISOGEN(商品名・日本ジーン)を用いて抽出した。続いてOligotex−dt30(商品名・宝酒造)を用いmRNAを抽出し、cDNA合成をTimesaver cDNA synthesis kit(商品名・アマシャムバイオサイエンス)で行った。
合成されたcDNAはλZAPIIベクター(商品名・ストラタジーン)に4℃、12時間の条件下で挿入した。ライゲーション後、GigaPackIII(商品名・ストラタジーン)を用いてインビトロパッケージングを行い、大腸菌XL1−Blueへ形質導入し、2.3X10pfu/ml(増幅後2.9X10pfu/ml)のcDNAライブラリーを得る。
【0014】
cDNAクローンの同定と塩基配列の決定は以下のように行う。cDNAライブラリーからの発光酵素cDNAクローンの同定はプラークハイブリダイゼーション法によって行った。プラーク(8.0×10プラーク分)をナイロンメンブレンに写し取り、ろ紙上で10分乾燥させた。変性溶液(0.5M水酸化ナトリウム,15M塩化ナトリウム)を染み込ませたろ紙にメンブレンを置き、5分間変性させた後、中和溶液(1.0Mトリスヒドロキシアミノメタン−塩酸(pH7.5),1.5M塩化ナトリウム)を染み込ませたろ紙にメンブレンを置き、5分間中和を行った。次に、ろ紙に2×SSC(0.15Mクエン酸ナトリウム,1.5M塩化ナトリウム(pH7.0))を染み込ませ、その上にメンブレンを置き、15分放置し、最後にメンブレンに125mJのUVを照射し、DNAのクロスリンクを行った。
【0015】
プローブはウミボタルVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素DNAを制限酵素XbaIで切断したDNA断片にアルカリフォスタファーゼをラベルしたものを用いた。ハイブリダイゼーションは、55℃、12−14時間、Alkphos Direct Hybridizationbuffer(商品名・アマシャムバイオサイエンス)中で行った。ハイブリダイゼーション後、メンブレンは1st洗浄緩衝液(2M尿素,0.1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム,50mMリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH7.0),150mM塩化ナトリウム,1mM塩化マグネシウム)で55℃、10分間、2回洗浄した。その後、2nd洗浄緩衝液(50mMトリスヒドロキシアミノメタン−塩酸(pH10),100mM塩化ナトリウム,2mM塩化マグネシウム)で室温、5分間、2回洗浄を行った。
【0016】
検出はCDP−star(商品名・アマシャムバイオサイエンス)を用いて行った。ポジティブプラークはすべて再スクリーニングを行い同定し、ExAssistヘルパーファージ(商品名・ストラタジーン)を用いpBluescriptファージミドとして切り出した。挿入したcDNAの塩基配列決定は、BigDyeTM Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction kit(商品名・アプライドバイオシステム)を用いて行った。
【0017】
プラークハイブリダイゼーションではポリAを含む発光酵素DNAの3’側を同定した。5’末端側のクローニングはPCRで行った。プライマーはファージスクリーニングにより得られた3’側ポジティブクローンの配列から設計した(CL−1R)5’−TTGAACTTGACGACCAGAGC−3’、(CL−2R)5’−GTAGATGGAAGTGTTCTGGG−3’およびベクタープライマーを用いた。1stPCRはCL−1RとM13 Reverse primer5’−GTAAAACGACGGCCAGTG−3’を用い、1サイクル:94℃,2min;35サイクル:94℃,30sec;55℃,1min;72℃,1min 30sec;1サイクル:72℃7minの条件下で行った。2ndPCRはCL−2Rと、T3 primer5’−AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGG−3’を用いて、1stPCRと同じ反応サイクルで行った。その結果、電気泳動により約1.4kbpのシングルバンドが確認された。
【0018】
このフラグメントをプラスミドpCR2.1−TOPO(商品名・インビトロジェン)へ挿入し配列の確認を行った。配列番号2にその全塩基配列を示した。
【0019】
実施例2
哺乳類細胞用ベクターの作成について。
哺乳類細胞でのCypridina noctiluca発光酵素発現用ベクターを作成するため、完全長発光酵素オープンリーディングフレーム部位をプライマー1(CL−N)5’−ATGAAGACCTTAATTCTTGC−3’とプライマー2(CL−C)5’−CTATTTGCATTCATCTGGTAC−3’を用い、1サイクル:94℃,3min;35サイクル:94℃,30sec;55℃,30sec;72℃,1min;1サイクル:72℃,7minの条件下でcDNAライブラリーよりDNAの増幅を行い、pCR2.1−TOPOベクターに挿入した。続いて制限酵素BamHIとNotIで発光酵素cDNAを切断後、哺乳類発現用ベクターpcDNA3(商品名・インビトロジェン社)のBamHI、NotIサイトへ挿入した図1の発現用プラスミドpcDNA−CLを作成した。
【0020】
実施例3
NIH3T3及びHeLa細胞の形質転換体によるCypridina noctiluca発光酵素の分泌特性について。
図2にCypridina noctiluca発光酵素の分泌特性を示した。NIH3T3及びHeLa細胞を24ウェルプレートの1ウェルにつき4.0×10個をまき、80%コンフルエント時にLIPOFECTAMIN PLUS(商品名・インビトロジェン)を用いてpcDNA−CL 0.4μgをNIH3T3及びHeLa細胞に形質導入した。
【0021】
形質導入2時間後、リン酸塩を含む生理的食塩水(PBS)で2度細胞洗浄を行い、無血清のDulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(商品名・インビトロジェン)2mLを加え、37℃、5%COインキュベーター中で19時間細胞培養を行った。培地を回収後、培地50μlに対し50nM Cypridinaルシフェリン溶液50μlを加え、Luminescencer−PSN AB−2200(商品名・アトー)を用いて20秒間の積算発光活性値を測定した。培地回収後の細胞はPBSで2度洗浄し、250μlのPBSを加え、超音波破砕を行い、遠心分離後上清を回収し、細胞破砕上清50μl中の積算発光活性値を測定した。
【0022】
NIH3T3細胞とHcLa細胞内に留まるCypridina noctiluca発光酵素は、NIH3T3細胞で0.5%(図2A)、HeLa細胞でも10%(図2B)であった。これは、Thompsonらにより報告された上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素が細胞内に留まる量、NIH3T3細胞の7%、HeLa細胞の71%と比較し、分泌効率において格段に優れていた。
【0023】
実施例4
人肺腫細胞A549の形質転換体によるCypridina noctiluca発光酵素の分泌測定について。
図3に人肺腫細胞A549にpcDNA−CLを形質導入した後のCypridina noctiluca発光酵素の分泌結果を示した。
24ウェルプレートの1ウェルにつき人肺腫細胞A549を4.0X10個まき、80%コンフルエント時にLIPOFECTAMIN PLUS(商品名・インビトロジェン)を用いてpcDNA−CL 0.4μgを人肺腫細胞A549に形質導入した。形質導入2時間後に、細胞をPBSで二度洗浄し、培地をOpti−MEM(商品名・インビトロジェン)1mLに交換した。培地交換後、一定時間毎に1ウェルから10μLを採取し活性測定用試料とし、ウェルにはOpti−MEMを10μL添加した。採取した活性測定用試料にOpti−MEM 40μLを加え全量を50μLにし、これに50nM Cypridinaルシフェリン50μLを加え、20秒間の積算発光活性値を測定した。その結果、3時間後には分泌されてくるCypridina noctiluca発光酵素を測定できた。採取する培地の量を増やすことにより、分単位での活性測定も可能である。時間の経過にともない、積算発光活性値が指数関数的に大きくなるのは、Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素の培地への蓄積が原因である。
【0024】
なお参考のため実施に際しての更に具体的な例を申し述べる。
Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素の発光スペクトルについて。
発光スペクトルは、Spectrophotometer AB1850(商品名・アトー株式会社)を用いて測定を行った。COS−7細胞にpcDNA−CLを形質導入後、Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(商品名・インビトロジェン社)を用い、37℃、5%COインキュベーター中で29時間培養を行った。その発光酵素を含む培地1μlに0.5μM Cypridinaルシフェリン溶液20μLを加え、10秒間の計測により相対発光強度を測定し、図4のAの460nmに発光極大のあるスペクトルが得られた。これは図4のBの上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素による発光スペクトルと一致した。
【0025】
Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素の熱安定性について。
COS−7細胞を24ウェルプレートの1ウェルにつき4.0×10個をまき、80%コンフルエント時にLIPOFECTAMIN PLUS(商品名・インビトロジェン)を用いてpcDNA−CL 0.4μgを形質導入した。形質導入2時間後に、細胞をPBSで二度洗浄し、培地をDulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(商品名・インビトロジェン)2mLに交換した。その後19時間培養し、培地を取り出し50mMモプス緩衝液pH7.0で100倍に希釈したサンプルを作成した。
【0026】
サンプルは0,20,37,50,60℃の各温度で30分間インキュベートし、5分間氷上に置き、その後、1.16nM Cypridinaルシフェリン100μlを加え、Luminescencer−PSN AB−2200(商品名・アトー株式会社)を用いて20秒間の積算発光活性量を測定した。
図5にCypridina noctiluca発光酵素及び上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素の熱安定性を示した。いずれも0℃サンプルの積算発光活性量を100%とした相対活性値で示してある。図5○のCypridina noctiluca発光酵素は37℃で30分間インキュベート後も約70%の活性を保っており、この安定性は図5に●で示す上記一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素とほぼ同じであった。
【0027】
Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素の37℃における安定性について。
COS−7細胞を24ウェルプレートの1ウェルにつき4.0×10個をまき80%コンフルエント時にLIPOFECTAMIN PLUS(商品名・インビトロジェン)を用いてpcDNA−CL 0.4μgを形質導入した。形質導入2時間後に、細胞をPBSで二度洗浄し、培地をDulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium(商品名・インビトロジェン)2mLに交換した。培地交換後、29時間培養後の培地を回収しサンプルを作成した。
【0028】
取り出したサンプルは更に37℃で29、53時間インキュベート後、培地に50nM Cypridinaルシフェリンを添加し積算発光活性量を測定した。図6に29時間培養直後の積算発光活性量を100%とした相対活性値を示した。29時間培養直後に得られた発光酵素の活性値が半減するのに約50時間を要した。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明は,遺伝子の転写活性モニタータンパク質及びそれをコードする遺伝子、及び分泌シグナル配列を提供する。このモニタータンパク質は従来の発光酵素と比べ、数倍から数十倍の効率で分泌する特性を持ち、且つ同様の生物発光活性を有している。合成された発光酵素はリアルタイムに分泌されることから、遺伝子の転写活性のわずかな変化もモニターすることが可能となり、高い時間分解能を有するモニタータンパク質として利用できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】哺乳類発現用ベクターpcDNA3のBamHI、NotIサイトへ挿入した発現用プラスミドpcDNA−CLを示す図である。
【図2】NIH3T3とHeLa細胞夫々の形質転換体によるCypridina noctiluca発光酵素の培地と細胞破砕上清の積算発光活性値との関係を夫々A,Bのグラフで示す。
【図3】人肺腫細胞A549の形質転換体によるCypridina noctiluca発光酵素の分泌測定結果を示すグラフである。
【図4】Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素についてはAで、一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素についてはBで夫々発光スペクトルの強度を示すグラフである。
【図5】Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素を○でプロットし、一般のVargula hilgendorfii発光酵素を●でプロットした熱安定性を示すグラフである。
【図6】Cypridina noctiluca発光酵素の37℃における安定性を示すグラフである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sea urchin firefly luminescent enzyme protein that is efficiently secreted outside the cell without remaining in the cell, and a DNA sequence encoding the protein.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The common luminous crustacean seafly, Vargula higendorfii, has a secretory luminescent enzyme, and the cDNA of the protein of the marine firefly luminescent enzyme has already been cloned. Here, the luminescent enzyme includes those in which the protein of the luminescent enzyme has undergone some modification in the cell. The above general firefly luminescent enzyme reacts with the firefly luminescent substrate Cypridina luciferin to emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength of 460 nm.
Since the above general sea urchin firefly luminescent enzyme has the characteristic of being secreted extracellularly, when the cloned cDNA is used as a reporter gene, gene transcription activity can be measured without disrupting cells (Thompson, EM, Nagata, S. & Tsuji, FI, Vargula higendorfii luciferase: a secreted reporter enzymefor monitoring gene expresion is available in the patent, which is already available in the National University of Tokyo, and is already available in the National University of Tokyo, Japan, and has been published in the National University of California, Japan (Germany). (International Patent Publication Nos. WO90 / 01542 and Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 3-30678). Among the various luminescent enzymes that are patented, those that can be secreted are only the above-mentioned general Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzymes.
[0003]
A report using this luminescent enzyme includes an example in which secretion of a luminescent enzyme from cells is visualized using an image analysis system (Inouye, S., Ohmiya, Y., Toya, Y. & Tsuji, F., Imaging of). luciferase secretion from transformed transformed China hamster ovary cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 9584-7 (1992)), and a transcriptional active region of a growth gene gene inserted into a mammalian cell. Examples of continuously measuring changes (Tanahashi, Y., Ohmiya, Y., Honma, S., Katsuno, Y., Ohta, H., Nakamura, H., Honma, K., Continuous measurement of targeted promoter activity by a secreted bioluminescence reporter, Vargula higendorfii luciferase, 260-Anal.
[0004]
It is known that the above-mentioned general Vargula hirugendorii luminescent enzyme undergoes sugar chain modification and the like and undergoes secretion into a mature form at the stage of translocation to the Golgi via the endoplasmic reticulum membrane after its protein synthesis. And the extent of sugar modification. In the above-mentioned measurement example of secretion efficiency of general Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzyme, for example, in NIH3T3 cells, which are commonly used, after culturing for 24 hours, 7% of luminescent enzyme produced and 71% in HeLa cells are not secreted. Retained within cells (Thompson, EM, Nagata, S. & Tsuji, FI, Vargula hilgendorfii luciferase: a secreted reporter enzyme responsibly genealogy of gasoline regenerating gene sampling gene responsibly. )).
In drug discovery, development and search for protein expression inhibitors and secretion inhibitors are important, and screening is performed using changes in gene transcription activity of target proteins in cells as an index. It is the role of the reporter gene to convey a change in gene transcription activity associated with the effect of the inhibitor. The reporter protein produced from the reporter gene not only informs the ON / OFF of the gene, but also can analyze the change over time of the inhibitory effect (high time resolution), or the reporter protein itself has no inhibitory effect, or It is required to have properties such as not disturbing intracellular functions (no cytotoxicity). As a reporter gene that achieves high temporal resolution and has no cytotoxicity, it is necessary that a reporter protein produced in a cell be rapidly secreted or metabolized.
[0005]
Since the above-mentioned general Vargula hirugendorii luminescent enzyme is secreted at a low efficiency, a change in transcription activity can be quickly measured outside the cell, but a large amount of protein remaining in the cell is stable, hard to break, and promptly. Metabolism cannot be expected. In addition, since there are 34 cysteine residues in the molecule, the protein remaining in the cell may significantly affect the surrounding redox state.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention clones a luminescent enzyme having a high secretion efficiency that can measure or visualize a slight change in gene transcription activity in a cell as a luminescence activity with a high resolution in a short time, and utilizes the characteristics of the secretion signal to activate the transcription activity. And the use of a reporter protein vector system capable of rapidly measuring the extracellularity of a reporter protein.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the general vargula hirugendorfii is a closely related species of sea urchin, but has a buoyant characteristic, and the amount of luminescent enzyme remaining in cells from Cypridina noctiluca, which is difficult to collect, is about 1 / the amount of the general Vargula hilgendorfii. The present inventors identified a luminescent enzyme having a high secretion efficiency of 10, and constructed a gene expression detection vector, thereby completing the present invention.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme disclosed in the present invention has about 80% homology as a whole to the above-mentioned general Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzyme, but has 50 homology when limited to the amino acid sequence of about 30 residues of the N-terminal sequence. %. When the present Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme gene is transduced into mammalian cells, the synthesized luminescent enzyme is efficiently secreted extracellularly, and the luminescent enzyme remaining in the cell is about 1/10 of the above-mentioned general Vargula hirugendorfii luminescent enzyme. A secretory luminescent enzyme that surpasses the conventional secretion efficiency was obtained.
[0009]
The DNA sequence of the present invention and the vector containing the DNA sequence and the transformant transformed with the vector can be obtained as 1 and 2 as follows.
1. From the cDNA library prepared from Cypridina noctiluca, a part of the sequence of the C-terminal region having high homology can be cloned using the above-mentioned general Vargula hirugendorfii luminescent enzyme gene as a probe. Based on this partial sequence, the DNA sequence of the present invention is cloned using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These series of operations can be performed using a commercially available kit.
2. The DNA sequence of the present invention is inserted into a commercially available vector having a promoter region for expression in mammalian cells, and the vector is transduced into mammalian cells. By removing a part of the medium after gene transfer and measuring the luminescence activity, the transcription activity of the expression promoter can be evaluated. These series of operations can be performed using a commercially available kit.
In the present invention, the structure of the protein of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme having a highly efficient secretion signal at the N-terminus is clarified in the sequence listing.
[0010]
[Sequence list]
Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
Figure 2004187652
[0011]
The protein according to the present invention is represented as follows.
1) A protein of a highly secreted luminescent enzyme having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
2) A highly secreted luminescent enzyme protein represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in which one or more amino acids have been deleted, substituted, or added.
3) A highly secreted luminescent enzyme encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or its complementary sequence.
[0012]
【Example】
Hereinafter, specific examples of the embodiment of the present invention will be listed and described in more detail.
[0013]
Example 1
Construction of Cypridina noctiluca cDNA and determination of nucleotide sequence.
Cypridina noctiluca was collected at Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, and the collected individuals were fixed with liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ° C until cDNA preparation. Total RNA was extracted using ISOGEN (trade name, Nippon Gene). Subsequently, mRNA was extracted using Oligotex-dt30 (trade name, Takara Shuzo), and cDNA synthesis was performed using a Timesaver cDNA synthesis kit (trade name, Amersham Bioscience).
The synthesized cDNA was inserted into a λZAPII vector (trade name: Stratagene) at 4 ° C. for 12 hours. After ligation, in vitro packaging was performed using GigaPackIII (trade name: Stratagene), Escherichia coli XL1-Blue was transduced, and cDNA live of 2.3 × 10 5 pfu / ml (2.9 × 10 8 pfu / ml after amplification) was performed. Get a rally.
[0014]
Identification of the cDNA clone and determination of the nucleotide sequence are performed as follows. The luminescent enzyme cDNA clone was identified from the cDNA library by plaque hybridization. The plaque (for 8.0 × 10 4 plaques) was transferred to a nylon membrane and dried on a filter paper for 10 minutes. The membrane was placed on a filter paper impregnated with a denaturing solution (0.5 M sodium hydroxide, 15 M sodium chloride), denatured for 5 minutes, and then neutralized (1.0 M trishydroxyaminomethane-hydrochloric acid (pH 7.5), The membrane was placed on a filter paper impregnated with 1.5M sodium chloride) and neutralized for 5 minutes. Next, the filter paper was impregnated with 2 × SSC (0.15 M sodium citrate, 1.5 M sodium chloride (pH 7.0)), the membrane was placed thereon, and allowed to stand for 15 minutes. To crosslink the DNA.
[0015]
The probe used was a DNA fragment obtained by cleaving the sea urchin Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzyme DNA with the restriction enzyme XbaI and labeling it with alkaline phosphatase. Hybridization was performed at 55 ° C. for 12 to 14 hours in Alkphos Direct Hybridization buffer (trade name, Amersham Bioscience). After hybridization, the membrane was washed with a first washing buffer (2 M urea, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 150 mM sodium chloride, 1 mM magnesium chloride) at 55 ° C. for 10 minutes. Washed twice. Thereafter, the plate was washed twice with a second washing buffer (50 mM trishydroxyaminomethane-hydrochloric acid (pH 10), 100 mM sodium chloride, 2 mM magnesium chloride) at room temperature for 5 minutes.
[0016]
Detection was performed using CDP-star (trade name, Amersham Bioscience). All positive plaques were rescreened and identified, and excised as pBluescript phagemid using ExAssist helper phage (trade name: Stratagene). The nucleotide sequence of the inserted cDNA was determined using a BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (trade name, Applied Biosystems).
[0017]
In plaque hybridization, the 3 ′ side of the luminescent enzyme DNA containing polyA was identified. Cloning at the 5 'end was performed by PCR. As primers, (CL-1R) 5'-TTGAACTTGACGACCAGAGC-3 ', (CL-2R) 5'-GTAGATGGAAGTGTTCTGGG-3' and vector primers designed from the sequence of the positive clone on the 3 'side obtained by phage screening were used. The 1st PCR uses CL-1R and M13 Reverse primer 5'-GTAAAAACGAGGGCAGTG-3 ', 1 cycle: 94 ° C, 2 min; 35 cycles: 94 ° C, 30 sec; 55 ° C, 1 min; 72 ° C, 1 min 30 sec; 1 cycle: 72 ° C The test was performed for 7 minutes. The 2nd PCR was performed in the same reaction cycle as the 1st PCR, using CL-2R and T3 primer 5'-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGG-3 '. As a result, a single band of about 1.4 kbp was confirmed by electrophoresis.
[0018]
This fragment was inserted into plasmid pCR2.1-TOPO (trade name, Invitrogen) to confirm the sequence. SEQ ID NO: 2 shows the entire nucleotide sequence.
[0019]
Example 2
How to create a vector for mammalian cells.
In order to construct a vector for expression of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme in mammalian cells, the full-length luminescent enzyme open reading frame site was added to primer 1 (CL-N) 5'-ATGAAGACCCTTAATTCTTGC-3 'and primer 2 (CL-C) 5'-. Using CTATTTGCATTTCATCTGGTAC-3 ′, one cycle: 94 ° C., 3 min; 35 cycles: 94 ° C., 30 sec; 55 ° C., 30 sec; 72 ° C., 1 min; 1 cycle: 72 ° C., 7 min. Amplification was performed and inserted into the pCR2.1-TOPO vector. Subsequently, the luminescent enzyme cDNA was cleaved with the restriction enzymes BamHI and NotI, and then the expression plasmid pcDNA-CL of FIG. 1 was inserted into the BamHI and NotI sites of the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3 (trade name, Invitrogen).
[0020]
Example 3
Secretion characteristics of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme by transformants of NIH3T3 and HeLa cells.
FIG. 2 shows the secretion characteristics of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme. NIH3T3 and HeLa cells were seeded at 4.0 × 10 4 cells per well of a 24-well plate, and 0.4 μg of pcDNA-CL was transfected into NIH3T3 and HeLa cells at 80% confluence using LIPOFECTAMIN PLUS (trade name, Invitrogen). Introduced.
[0021]
Two hours after transduction, the cells were washed twice with a phosphate-containing physiological saline (PBS), and 2 mL of serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (trade name, Invitrogen) was added thereto. Cell culture was performed in a CO 2 incubator for 19 hours. After recovering the medium, 50 μl of a 50 nM Cypridina luciferin solution was added to 50 μl of the medium, and the integrated luminescence activity value for 20 seconds was measured using Luminescensor-PSN AB-2200 (trade name, ATTO). The cells after recovery of the medium were washed twice with PBS, 250 μl of PBS was added, sonication was performed, the supernatant was recovered after centrifugation, and the integrated luminescence activity value in 50 μl of the cell lysate supernatant was measured.
[0022]
Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme remaining in NIH3T3 cells and HcLa cells was 0.5% in NIH3T3 cells (FIG. 2A) and 10% in HeLa cells (FIG. 2B). This was remarkably superior in secretion efficiency as compared with the amount of the above-mentioned general Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzyme reported by Thompson et al. To remain in cells, 7% of NIH3T3 cells and 71% of HeLa cells.
[0023]
Example 4
Measurement of secretion of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme by a transformant of human lung tumor cell A549.
FIG. 3 shows the results of secretion of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme after transduction of pcDNA-CL into human lung tumor cells A549.
Spread 4.0 × 10 4 human lung tumor cells A549 per well of a 24-well plate, and transduce 0.4 μg pcDNA-CL into human lung tumor cells A549 at 80% confluence using LIPOFECTAMIN PLUS (trade name, Invitrogen). did. Two hours after transduction, the cells were washed twice with PBS, and the medium was replaced with 1 mL of Opti-MEM (trade name, Invitrogen). After the medium was exchanged, 10 μL was collected from one well at regular intervals to prepare a sample for activity measurement, and 10 μL of Opti-MEM was added to the well. To the collected sample for activity measurement, 40 μL of Opti-MEM was added to make the total volume 50 μL, and 50 μL of 50 nM Cypridina luciferin was added thereto, and the accumulated luminescence activity value for 20 seconds was measured. As a result, after 3 hours, Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme secreted could be measured. By measuring the amount of the medium to be collected, the activity can be measured in minutes. The reason why the integrated luminescence activity value increases exponentially with the passage of time is due to accumulation of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme in the medium.
[0024]
For reference, a more specific example of implementation will be described.
Emission spectrum of Cypridina noctillaca luminescent enzyme.
The emission spectrum was measured using a Spectrophotometer AB1850 (trade name, ATTO Corporation). After pcDNA-CL was transduced into COS-7 cells, the cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Invitrogen) at 37 ° C in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 29 hours. 20 μL of 0.5 μM Cypridina luciferin solution was added to 1 μl of the medium containing the luminescent enzyme, and the relative luminescence intensity was measured by measuring for 10 seconds. As a result, a spectrum having a luminescence maximum at 460 nm in FIG. 4A was obtained. This was in agreement with the emission spectrum of the above-mentioned general Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzyme in FIG. 4B.
[0025]
Regarding thermostability of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme.
4.0 × 10 4 COS-7 cells were seeded per well of a 24-well plate, and 0.4 μg of pcDNA-CL was transduced at 80% confluence using LIPOFECTAMIN PLUS (trade name, Invitrogen). Two hours after transduction, the cells were washed twice with PBS, and the medium was replaced with 2 mL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (trade name, Invitrogen). Thereafter, the cells were cultured for 19 hours, the medium was taken out, and a sample diluted 100-fold with a 50 mM mops buffer, pH 7.0, was prepared.
[0026]
Samples were incubated at 0, 20, 37, 50, and 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, placed on ice for 5 minutes, then added with 100 μl of 1.16 nM Cypridina luciferin, and added to Luminescensor-PSN AB-2200 (trade name, ATTO Co., Ltd.). ) Was measured for 20 seconds.
FIG. 5 shows the thermostability of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme and the above-mentioned general Vargula higendorfii luminescent enzyme. In each case, the relative activity values are shown with the integrated luminescence activity of the 0 ° C. sample as 100%. The Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme in FIG. 5O maintains about 70% of the activity even after incubation at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes, and its stability was almost the same as the above-mentioned general Vargula hirugendorfii luminescent enzyme indicated by ● in FIG. .
[0027]
About the stability of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme at 37 ° C.
4.0 × 10 4 COS-7 cells were seeded per well of a 24-well plate, and 0.4 μg of pcDNA-CL was transduced at 80% confluence using LIPOFECTAMIN PLUS (trade name, Invitrogen). Two hours after transduction, the cells were washed twice with PBS, and the medium was replaced with 2 mL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (trade name, Invitrogen). After replacing the medium, the medium after the culture for 29 hours was collected to prepare a sample.
[0028]
The sample taken out was further incubated at 37 ° C. for 29 and 53 hours, and then 50 nM Cypridina luciferin was added to the medium, and the integrated luminescence activity was measured. FIG. 6 shows the relative activity values when the integrated luminescence activity immediately after culturing for 29 hours was 100%. It took about 50 hours for the activity value of the luminescent enzyme obtained immediately after culturing for 29 hours to decrease by half.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides a gene transcription activity monitor protein, a gene encoding the same, and a secretory signal sequence. This monitor protein has the property of secreting several times to several tens times more efficiently than the conventional luminescent enzyme, and has the same bioluminescent activity. Since the synthesized luminescent enzyme is secreted in real time, it is possible to monitor even a slight change in the transcription activity of the gene, and it can be used as a monitor protein having a high time resolution.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an expression plasmid pcDNA-CL inserted into a BamHI and NotI site of a mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.
FIG. 2 shows graphs A and B respectively showing the relationship between the culture medium of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme and the integrated luminescence activity of cell disrupted supernatants of the transformants of NIH3T3 and HeLa cells, respectively.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measurement results of secretion of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme by a transformant of human lung tumor cell A549.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the emission spectrum intensities of A for Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme and B for general Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzyme.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing thermostability in which Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme is plotted with ○ and a general Vargula higgendorfii luminescent enzyme is plotted with ●.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the stability of Cypridina noctiluca luminescent enzyme at 37 ° C.

Claims (3)

下記1)〜3)記載のいずれかに該当する事を特徴とする酵素のタンパク質。
1)配列番号1記載のアミノ酸配列を有する高分泌型発光酵素のタンパク質、
2)配列番号1記載のアミノ酸配列において、1若しくは複数個のアミノ酸欠出、置換、若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列により表わされる高分泌型発光酵素のタンパク質、
3)配列番号2記載のDNA配列又はその相補配列によりコードされる高分泌型発光酵素のタンパク質。
A protein of an enzyme, which corresponds to any one of the following 1) to 3).
1) a protein of a highly secreted luminescent enzyme having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1,
2) a protein of a highly secreted luminescent enzyme represented by the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted, or added;
3) A protein of a highly secreted luminescent enzyme encoded by the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or its complementary sequence.
請求項1に記載のDNA配列を含むベクター。A vector comprising the DNA sequence of claim 1. 請求項1に記載のベクターによって形質転換された形質転換体。A transformant transformed by the vector according to claim 1.
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US8241870B2 (en) 2007-06-04 2012-08-14 Lonza Biologics Plc Mammalian expression vector with a highly efficient secretory signal sequence
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