JP2004184981A - Display device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display device allowing a new display content to appear on a background during lighting, and whose existence is not conspicuous as much as possible during non-lighting. <P>SOLUTION: In the display device transmitting light when voltage is not impressed, and having an electro-optical element 12 scattering light when voltage is impressed, a part except for a contact part with an outside circuit of the peripheral edge of the electro-optical element 12 is made transparent. The electro-optical element sandwiches a liquid crystal and a composite body consisting of a hardener of a hard compound soluble in the liquid crystal between a pair of transparent electrode substrates. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device that uses an electro-optic element having a transparent body such as glass as a substrate and performs display using light scattering.

  As for display devices such as CRT, PDP, liquid crystal display device, and LED display device, the display portion is rapidly being made thinner and flat. Furthermore, what can see the background of a display part with a transparent body is desired. This is because information can be obtained even on snowy roads and in the midsummer sun, and the front view is not obstructed.

  For example, it is known that a vehicle display device includes a liquid crystal display on an instrument panel and a head-up display (hereinafter abbreviated as HUD) that projects and displays information in a driver's front view. These displays are used to display a warning and notify the driver when various abnormalities occur.

  Recently, in order to improve steering stability and comfortable driving performance, a navigation system using a positioning system such as GPS (Global Positioning System), or a self-diagnosis that monitors system abnormalities when the engine is computer controlled A system for notifying a driver of various types of information by a device such as a device (diagnosis device) has come to be installed.

  The HUD projects and displays an image projected from a display unit on a transmissive reflecting surface such as a half mirror or a hologram arranged on a windshield, and an observer can visually observe the display.

  However, since a half mirror or hologram is used, it has the disadvantage that the viewing angle is narrow, the background color is colored, the transparency is impaired, and the driver can see without moving the line of sight from the front. On the other hand, there is a drawback that the amount of information that can be displayed is small.

  Further, in the above-described display device, when direct sunlight in the daytime enters the windshield, the contrast is lowered and the HUD and the liquid crystal display are displayed at the same time when an abnormality occurs. May be a sidewalk and may distract attention from the front.

  Furthermore, in conventional display devices (such as HUD), the optical path of the image sent to the electro-optic element is blocked by foreign matter such as dust adhering to the front and back surfaces of the electro-optic element and the lens surface of the projector. There has been a problem that the brightness of the display is lowered or the brightness varies.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a display device in which new display contents appear on the background when lit and the presence of which is not as noticeable as possible when the lamp is not lit.

  That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in a display device having an electro-optical element that transmits light when no voltage is applied and scatters light when a voltage is applied, a portion excluding a connection portion with an external circuit at the periphery of the electro-optical element Is a display device characterized by being transparent.

  Aspect 2 is the display device according to aspect 1, which includes illumination means and is supplied with a lighting voltage and a driving voltage by a battery.

  Aspect 3 is the display device according to aspects 1 and 2, wherein an anti-reflection film or an ultraviolet blocking film is provided on the surface of the electro-optic element.

  Aspect 4 is any one of Aspects 1 to 3, in which the electro-optic element sandwiches a composite made of a cured product of a liquid crystal and a curable compound soluble in the liquid crystal between a pair of transparent substrates with electrodes. The display device according to the item.

  According to the display device of the present invention, it is possible to realize a transparent display capable of simultaneously viewing the background behind and the characters and figures displayed on the optical element when in use.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, examples and the like. In addition, these figures, Examples, etc. and description illustrate the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. It goes without saying that other embodiments may fall within the scope of the present invention as long as they meet the spirit of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same elements.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic external view showing an example of the display device of the present invention. The display device 11 of this example includes an illumination 13, and a driving voltage for the electro-optical element 12 and a lighting voltage for the illumination 13 are supplied by a battery (not shown).

  In the display device 11 according to the present invention, the electro-optic element 12 is normally transparent and is similar to ordinary glass, but the electro-optic element 12 projects and displays white characters and figures by external signals or the like. It is something that can be done. In addition, since the color stimulus value is reduced by whitening the characters and graphics, and the display becomes soft to the eyes of the observer 14, the display visibility and luxury of the observer 14 are increased, and the display quality is increased. Will improve. Also, bright display is possible by scattering light entering from the viewer side and the counter-viewer side of the display device.

  In the present invention, the term “transparent” refers to a state where the light transmittance is 50% or more. The light transmittance of the electro-optic element used in the present invention when no electricity is applied is preferably 80% or more. The light scattering state preferably has a haze value of 80% or more. The haze value was measured with HGS-3DP manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. The haze is defined in JIS R3212 and 7105, and is given by haze value = (diffuse transmittance / total light transmittance) × 100 (%).

  By using colored light illumination as the illumination 13, it is possible to color characters and figures displayed by the electro-optic element 12 due to whitening. In addition, by adding a dichroic dye to the electro-optic element, it is possible to color the white color at the time of scattering.

  In the present invention, it is important that the portion of the periphery of the electro-optical element except the connection portion with the external circuit is transparent, and when a transparent material is used as a peripheral sealing material of the electro-optical material and a frame is used. Also adopt a transparent frame. This emphasizes the state in which characters and figures appear to float in the air behind the background.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the electro-optic element of the display device of the present invention. In FIG. 2, transparent electrodes 23 and 24 are provided on opposing surfaces of the pair of substrates 21 and 22. Further, alignment films 25 and 26 are provided on the inner side. A composite layer 27 whose thickness is controlled by spacers (not shown) is sandwiched between the alignment films 25 and 26.

  The substrates 21 and 22 are not particularly limited as long as transparency can be secured, and glass substrates and plastic substrates can be used. Further, the shape of the electro-optic element does not need to be a flat shape, and may be a curved shape.

  As the transparent electrodes 23 and 24 provided on the substrate, a transparent electrode material such as a metal oxide such as ITO (indium oxide-tin oxide) can be used.

  The combination of the alignment directions of the pair of alignment-treated substrates is preferably parallel. A resin thin film alignment film 25, 26 is provided on the electrode surface of the electrode-attached substrate, and this is rubbed to give a function of aligning the liquid crystal on the electrode surface. When a liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy is used as the liquid crystal, it is preferable in terms of transparency that the resin thin film on the electrode surface is used after being rubbed.

  Further, when a liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is used as the liquid crystal, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules is 60 degrees or more with respect to the substrate surface on the side where the substrates 21 and 22 are in contact with the composite. It is preferable that the treatment is performed because orientation defects can be reduced and transparency is improved. At this time, the rubbing process may not be performed. The pretilt angle is more preferably 70 degrees or more. The pretilt angle is defined as 90 degrees in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.

  The composite is obtained by sandwiching a composition containing a liquid crystal and a curable compound soluble in the liquid crystal between a pair of transparent substrates with electrodes, and using a means such as heat, ultraviolet light, or electron beam to cure the composite. The organic compound is cured to form a composite.

  The liquid crystal constituting the composite can be appropriately selected from known liquid crystals. However, by preferably providing the element structure such as an alignment layer, both positive and negative liquid crystals can be used. A negative one is preferable in terms of response speed. In order to reduce the driving voltage, it is preferable that the absolute value of dielectric anisotropy is large.

  Further, as the cured product, it is preferable that the liquid crystal and the curable compound are separated so that only the liquid crystal responds when a voltage is applied, because the driving voltage can be lowered.

  By selecting a curable compound that can be dissolved in the liquid crystal as a curable compound for forming a cured product having such a structure, the alignment state of the mixture when uncured can be controlled, and the cured product is cured. When this is done, it becomes possible to maintain high transparency.

As a curable compound, the compound of Formula (1) and the compound of Formula (2) can be illustrated.
A ¹ —O— (R ¹ ) _m —O—Z—O— (R ² ) _n O—A ² Formula (1)
A ³ − (OR ³ ) _o —O—Z′—O— (R ⁴ O) _p —A ⁴ Formula (2)
Here, A ¹ , A ² , A ³ and A ⁴ are each independently an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a glycidyl group or an allyl group, and R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are each independently And an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, Z and Z ′ are each independently a divalent mesogen structure, and m, n, o and p are each independently an integer of 1 to 10. It is.

Formula (1), (2) Molecular mobility including R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ between the mesogenic structures Z, Z ′ and the cured sites A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ By introducing a high oxyalkylene structure, upon curing, the molecular mobility of the cured site in the curing process can be improved, and sufficient curing can be achieved in a short time.

The curing sites A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , and A ^{4 in the} formulas (1) and (2) may be any of the above functional groups that can be photocured or thermally cured. The acryloyl group and methacryloyl group suitable for photocuring are preferable.

The carbon number of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ^{4 in} the formulas (1) and (2) is preferably 1 to 6 from the viewpoint of molecular mobility, and has an ethylene group having 2 carbon atoms and 3 carbon atoms. More preferred is a propylene group.

  Examples of the mesogen structure parts Z and Z ′ in the formulas (1) and (2) include polyphenylene groups in which 1,4-phenylene groups are linked. The 1,4-phenylene group may be partially or wholly substituted with 1,4-cyclohexylene group. In addition, some or all of the hydrogen atoms of these 1,4-phenylene groups and substituted 1,4-cyclohexylene groups may be alkyl groups having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, halogen atoms, carboxyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, etc. It may be substituted with a substituent.

  Preferable mesogen structures Z and Z ′ include a biphenylene group in which two 1,4-phenylene groups are connected (hereinafter, a biphenylene group in which two 1,4-phenylene groups are connected is also referred to as a 4,4-biphenylene group). ) Three linked terphenylene groups and those in which 1 to 4 of these hydrogen atoms are substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a carboxyl group. Most preferred is a 4,4-biphenylene group having no substituent. All the bonds between 1,4-phenylene groups or 1,4-cyclohexylene groups constituting the mesogenic structure may be single bonds or any of the following bonds.

  M, n, o, and p in the formulas (1) and (2) are each independently preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 4. This is because if it is too large, the compatibility with the liquid crystal is lowered and the transparency of the electro-optical element after curing is lowered.

  FIG. 4 shows examples of curable compounds that can be used in the present invention. The composition containing the liquid crystal and the curable compound may contain a plurality of curable compounds including the curable compounds represented by the above formulas (1) and (2). For example, when the composition contains a plurality of curable compounds having different m, n, o, and p in the formulas (1) and (2), the compatibility with the liquid crystal may be improved. .

  The composition containing a liquid crystal and a curable compound may contain a curing catalyst. In the case of photocuring, a photopolymerization initiator generally used for photocurable resins such as benzoin ether, acetophenone, and phosphine oxide can be used. In the case of thermosetting, a curing catalyst such as peroxide, thiol, amine, or acid anhydride can be used depending on the type of curing site, and if necessary, curing aids such as amines can also be used. Can be used.

  The content of the curing catalyst is preferably 20% by weight or less of the curable compound to be contained, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight when a high molecular weight or high specific resistance of the cured resin is required after curing.

  As a treatment method for aligning liquid crystal molecules so that the pretilt angle is 60 degrees or more with respect to the substrate surface, there is a method using a vertical alignment agent. The vertical alignment agent is, for example, a method using a surfactant, a method of treating a substrate interface with a silane coupling agent containing an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group, or SE1211 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, or JALS manufactured by JSR. There is a method using a commercially available vertical alignment agent such as -682-R3. In order to create a state in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted in an arbitrary direction from the vertical alignment state, any known method may be adopted. The vertical alignment agent may be rubbed. Alternatively, a method may be employed in which a slit is provided in the electrode or a triangular prism is disposed on the electrode so that the voltage is applied obliquely to the substrate.

  The thickness of the composite layer between the two substrates can be defined by a spacer or the like. The interval is preferably 1 to 50 μm, and more preferably 3 to 30 μm. If the thickness of the composite layer is too narrow, the contrast is lowered, and if it is too large, the tendency to increase the driving voltage increases, which is often not preferable.

  As the sealing agent 28, any known material can be used as long as it is a highly transparent resin. If a highly transparent resin is used, the display device becomes more transparent on the entire surface, and the state where characters and figures appear to float in the air is emphasized. For example, when a glass substrate is used, a state in which transparent glass floats in the air can be realized by using an epoxy resin or an acrylic resin having a refractive index close to the refractive index of the glass.

  In the display device manufactured as described above, the response speed between the transmission state and the scattering state of the display pixel can be very fast as 3 ms or less. In addition, the viewing angle dependency is better than the conventional scattering transmission mode using liquid crystal, and a very good transmission state can be obtained even when viewed from an oblique direction. For example, when a composite containing the curable compound having the composition exemplified above and a liquid crystal is used, it is possible to have almost no haze even when viewed at an angle of 40 degrees from the vertical.

  As a size of the display device, a display device having any size can be used including a diagonal having a length of about 10 cm to a size of about 3 m.

  As the illumination means, a metal halide lamp, an LED light source, or the like can be used. In addition, when a color display is desired, a field sequential color method may be used. As a light source in this case, it is desirable to use an LED capable of high-speed switching.

It is preferable to provide an antireflection film or an ultraviolet blocking film on the front and back surfaces of the display body. By applying AR coating (low reflection coating) made of a dielectric multilayer film such as SiO ₂ or TiO _{2 on} the front and back of the display body, reflection of external light on the substrate surface can be reduced, and the contrast is further improved. Can be made.

  Further, the display device uses an active element having a high aperture ratio (a three-terminal element such as a TFT or a two-terminal element such as a TFD) as an electro-optical element as a driving element. Display is possible.

  In the display device of the present invention, a plurality of electro-optic elements 12 may be used. As an example in the case of using a plurality of sheets, two electro-optic elements 12A and 12B capable of displaying exactly the same as shown in FIG. 12 are used. For example, a message or the like is displayed on the electro-optical element 12A, and nothing is displayed on the electro-optical element 12B. Next, nothing is displayed on the electro-optical element 12A, and the same display as the content displayed on the electro-optical element 12A is displayed on the electro-optical element 12B. By repeating this over time, the display can be moved spatially. Conventionally, when calling attention to the observer 14, a method of blinking the display has been used. However, this method has a great effect of prompting the observer 14 to pay attention because the display is moved spatially. In addition, as an aspect of lamination, two electro-optical elements that are closely attached, two electro-optical elements that sandwich an air layer, and two electro-optical elements that sandwich a transparent substance are included.

  Further, an illumination 13 may be provided to improve the appearance of the electro-optic element. In particular, as shown in FIG. 12, the illumination 13 is preferably arranged at an angle of 45 ° to 60 ° with respect to the surface of the electro-optic element 12A. With this angle, the background and the electro-optic elements 12A and 12B can be seen simultaneously.

  Further, it is desirable to fix the upper and lower substrates in order to increase the impact resistance against the electro-optic element. For example, the upper and lower substrates can be fixed by using an adhesive spacer. It is desirable to select a highly transparent material for the adhesive spacer. It is possible to fill all the portions that do not need to be displayed with an adhesive resin. Further, it is possible to adjust the scattering power by adjusting the area occupied by the adhesive spacer even in a place where scattering display is necessary.

  The display device according to the present invention includes a display device for an automobile, a display for a cockpit of an airplane, a presentation such as a show window and an observation deck, an information display installed near a reception in an office, factory, exhibition hall, etc., a game machine It can be used as a display device.

  Examples of the present invention are shown below. In the examples, “parts” means parts by weight.

[Example 1]
95 parts of cyano nematic liquid crystal (BL-006 manufactured by Merck & Co., Ltd. positive dielectric anisotropy), 5 parts of uncured curable compound shown in (c) of FIG. 3, and 0.15 part of benzoin isopropyl ether Then, a mixture in which 2.5 parts of a chiral agent (a mixture of Merck S-811 and Merck C15 in a weight ratio of 1: 1) was dissolved was prepared.

Then, a pair of substrates on which the polyimide thin film formed on the transparent electrode is rubbed in one direction are opposed to each other so that the rubbing directions are orthogonal to each other, and a small amount of resin beads having a diameter of 13 μm are sprayed, and through these resin beads, The above mixture was injected into an electro-optic cell produced by bonding with a transparent epoxy resin printed with a width of about 1 mm. While maintaining the cell 25 ° C., the dominant wavelength of about 365nm of HgXe lamp, 3 mW / cm ² from the upper side, by irradiating the same about 3 mW / cm ² UV than the lower 3 minutes, the periphery of the display outsiders Obtained a transparent electro-optic element.

The compound of (c) in FIG. 3 has formula (1), wherein A ¹ and A ² are acryloyl groups, R ¹ and R ² are propylene groups, and the mesogenic structure part of Z is 4,4′-biphenylene group. This corresponds to the case where n and m are both 1.

  The operation of removing the voltage after applying a rectangular wave voltage of 50 Hz and 50 Vrms for 10 minutes to this liquid crystal optical element was repeated 10 times. Thereafter, the transmittance was measured with a transmittance measurement system (F value of optical system: 11.5) using a measurement light source having a half wavelength width of about 20 nm with 530 nm as the center wavelength, and at 80% with no voltage applied. Yes, the value of contrast divided by the transmittance when 50 Vrms was applied was 28.

[Example 2]
An electro-optic element having the schematic cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 2 was produced as follows. First, 80 parts of nematic liquid crystal (AG-1016XX manufactured by Chisso Corporation) having a negative dielectric anisotropy, 20 parts of the curable compound shown in FIG. 3A, and 0.2 part of benzoin isopropyl ether are blended. Then, a mixed composition was prepared.

  Next, a polyimide thin film is formed on a pair of glass substrates having a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm, and a thickness of 1.1 mm, in which a vertical alignment polyimide film (JALS-682-R3 manufactured by JSR) is formed on a transparent electrode. Installed so as to face each other, a small amount of resin beads having a diameter of 6 μm are disposed in the gap, and an epoxy resin layer having a width of about 1 mm is provided on the four sides of the substrate by printing, and is bonded and cured to form an electro-optic element. The periphery was sealed with a transparent resin layer. Specifically, a part of the seal layer is released, and after the seal layer is cured, the mixed composition is injected into the liquid crystal cell thus formed, and then a part of the seal layer is released. The sealing layer 28 shown in FIG. 2 was completed by sealing with a transparent epoxy resin and curing. Subsequently, the curable compound was cured while the liquid crystal molecules were kept in a state perpendicular to the substrate surface by the action of the polyimide film for vertical alignment to form a liquid crystal layer.

Specifically, with the injected liquid crystal cell held at 40 ° C., about 2.5 mW / cm ² from the upper side and about 2.5 mW from the lower side by the Hg—Xe lamp having a dominant wavelength of about 365 nm. An electro-optic element was obtained by irradiating with / cm ² of ultraviolet rays for 10 minutes and sealing the periphery outside the display portion with a transparent resin layer.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a transparent resin seal frame 29 may be provided at the periphery of the electro-optic element to improve mechanical strength and prevent chemical alteration of the liquid crystal layer and the like. In this case, the electro-optical element is double-sealed with a transparent resin layer.

  The rise time of the transmitted light scattering state of the composite of the electro-optic element was about 1.5 ms, and the fall time was about 2 ms.

  The display device 11 is arranged as shown in FIG. 1 for the observer 14, and a driving voltage is supplied by a battery (not shown). Further, an antireflection film is provided on the surface of the electro-optic element on the viewer side. As a result, the observer 14 was able to see the character and graphic display of the electro-optical element 12 and the scenery 15 behind the electro-optical element 11 simultaneously without flickering. Since the display device 11 is transparent except for the display portion, it is possible to give an impression that white characters and graphic displays are floating in the space.

[Example 3]
A display device 11 having a driving voltage supplied by a battery (not shown) using the electro-optic element 12 produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was installed at the position 11a or 11b on the dashboard of the automobile as shown in FIG. . The driver can view without moving the line of sight from the front, and can prevent the driver from looking aside.

  In addition, information such as vehicle speed information, various alarms, inter-vehicle distance information, water temperature gauges, distance meters, etc. can be displayed for each color by combination with lighting of each color, and simple navigation by arrow display etc. Can also be displayed.

  The display device 11 can be designed with a design as shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 according to the purpose.

  Moreover, you may install between the seats between the front and rear of a motor vehicle like the display apparatus 11c shown in FIG. When it is not displayed, it is transparent, so the driver and the person sitting on the back seat can see each other and do not feel alienated. Information such as fare display and services in taxis can be provided to users.

  Further, it may be installed on the rear glass side of an automobile to display a message. Warning information for the driver of the following vehicle, for example, display such as beginner display, baby riding, silver driving, and temporary driving can be displayed. The displayed content can be easily confirmed from the driver side through the rearview mirror.

[Example 4]
A transparent backlight was used as an example in which the electro-optic element 12 produced in the same manner as in Example 1 and various illuminations 13 were combined. For example, FIG. 8 shows an example in which the front light is used as a reverse configuration. An example using a projection light source is shown in FIG. An example using a front light is shown in FIG.

[Example 5]
Two electro-optic elements prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 and a battery (not shown) were arranged as shown in FIG. The illumination 13 uses LEDs arranged in an array, is placed behind the electro-optical element 12A, and is incident on the center of the electro-optical element 12A at an angle of about 45 °. Both electro-optical elements 12A and 12B can display an EMERGENCY message. FIG. 13 shows a display method example. In FIGS. 13A and 13C, the electro-optical element 12A behind the observer 14 displays an EMERGENCY message, and the front electro-optical element 12B does not display anything. In FIG. 13B, the electro-optical element 12B in front of the observer 14 displays an EMERGENCY message, and the rear electro-optical element 12A does not display anything. Accordingly, by repeating the operations of (a) → (b) → (c) over time, the display device 11 is transparent except for the display unit, so that the EMERGENCY message display spatially appears to move back and forth. The observer 14 was greatly encouraged to arouse.

  Also, the illumination color used at this time was red, and depending on the display pattern, green or blue illumination was also used. Moreover, although the light source of three colors of red, blue, and green was used as a light source, the yellow display was also implemented by illuminating red and green simultaneously.

[Example 6]
The electro-optic element 12 was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, but an adhesive spacer 30 capable of adhering the upper and lower substrates was used instead of the resin beads for gap control. An adhesive spacer liquid was applied to a substrate on which a vertical alignment film polyimide film was formed on a transparent electrode, and patterned using a photolithography method. A columnar spacer having a cross-sectional area size of 20 μm × 20 μm and a height of 6 μm was formed at a pitch of 300 μm. Thereafter, the same operation as in Example 2 was performed, but the upper and lower substrates were finally bonded by heat treatment. FIG. 14 shows an adhesive spacer 30. As a result, the phenomenon in which the transparency when no voltage is applied is greatly reduced due to impact or the like.

1 is a schematic external view showing a display device of the present invention. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device of the present invention. The figure which illustrates the curable compound which can be used for an electro-optical element. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The schematic diagram which shows an example of arrangement | positioning of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows another example of arrangement | positioning of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows another example of arrangement | positioning of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows an example of the illumination means of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows another example of the illumination means of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows another example of the illumination means of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows another example of arrangement | positioning of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows another example of arrangement | positioning of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram which shows another example of the display method of the display apparatus which concerns on this invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

11, 11a, 11b, 11c Display device 12, 12A, 12B Electro-optic element 13 Illumination 14 Observer 15 Background behind display device 21, 22 Glass substrate 23, 24 Transparent electrode 25, 26 Alignment film 27 Composite layer 28 Seal Layer 29 seal frame

Claims (4)

  In a display device having an electro-optical element that transmits light when no voltage is applied and scatters light when a voltage is applied, a portion of the electro-optical element except a connection portion with an external circuit is transparent. Display device.   The display device according to claim 1, further comprising an illuminating unit and supplied with a lighting voltage and a driving voltage by a battery.   The display device according to claim 1, wherein an antireflection film or an ultraviolet blocking film is provided on a surface of the electro-optic element.   The electro-optic element is obtained by sandwiching a composite made of a cured product of a liquid crystal and a curable compound soluble in the liquid crystal between a pair of transparent substrates with electrodes. Display device.

Images