JP2004183058A - Titanium alloy, and golf club - Google Patents
Titanium alloy, and golf club Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ゴルフクラブの素材として有用なチタン合金およびその用なチタン合金を用いたゴルフクラブに関するものであり、殊にゴルフクラブに用いたときに高反発力を発揮することのできるチタン合金、および高反発力を発揮するゴルフクラブに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ゴルフは多くの人々に愛好されているスポーツであり、使用される用具(ゴルフクラブやゴルフボール)も様々な角度から検討され改善されている。特に、ゴルフクラブは、ボールを打ったときにボールの飛距離がより大きくなるものが望まれている。こうしたことから、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスには、より高い反発力を持つ材料が求められている。
【0003】
ゴルフクラブの反発力を表す指標として反発係数(以下、「COR」と略記することがある)が知られており、このCORは或る一定の条件で測定した反発力を示す値であり、この値が大きいほどボールがよく跳ね返ることになる。
【0004】
これまで、ゴルフクラブの素材(金属材料)として、ステンレス鋼やアルミニウム合金等が使用されてきたのであるが、より強い反発力を持つ素材としてチタン合金が注目されている。
【0005】
チタン材料は、優れた引張強度や耐力を有することから、これまでにも自動車やめがねフレームなど様々な分野で使用されている。こうしたチタン合金のうちでゴルフクラブの素材として、従来からTi−15Mo−5Zr−3Al合金やTi−6Al−4V合金等が用いられており、特に前者のものではこれまで開発されているチタン合金のなかで最も高い反発係数CORを示す材料として知られている。
【0006】
しかしながら、これまで提案されている各種チタン合金においても、ボールをより遠くに飛ばしたいというユーザーの要求に十分に対応できているとは言えず、更に大きな反発係数CORを発揮することのできる素材が望まれているのが実状である。また、チタン合金をゴルフクラブに用いる場合には、ゴルフクラブとして要求される最低限の強度も備えていることも必要である。
【0007】
チタンにNbやZrを含させることによって、チタン合金のヤング率を低め、ゴルフクラブに用いたときに飛距離が出るようなチタン合金も提案されている(例えば、特許文献1、2)。しかしながら、これらのチタン合金では、NbやZrを多量に(例えば、30〜60質量%)含有するものであるので、コストが非常に高くなるという問題がある。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−246029号公報 特許請求の範囲
【特許文献2】
特開2001−3127号公報 特許請求の範囲
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はこうした状況の下になされたものであって、その目的は、反発力をより高くすることができると共に、ゴルフクラブに最低限必要とされる強度を有するチタン合金、およびそのようなチタン合金を用いたゴルフクラブを提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決する為の手段】
上記の目的を達成し得た本発明のチタン合金とは、Mo:12〜20%およびAl:2〜4.5%を夫々含有し、残部がTiおよび不可避的不純物からなり、室温における引張強度が900MPa以上のものである点に要旨を有するものである。このチタン合金は、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスに用いることが最も有用である。
【0011】
一方、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスに上記のようなチタン合金を用いることによって、希望する特性を発揮するゴルフクラブが実現できる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
ゴルフクラブの反発力を表す指標として、上述のごとくCORがあるが、このCORは或る条件下での跳ね返り係数である。そして、この跳ね返り係数(ゴルフボールとクラブの打撃プレート間の跳ね返り係数)は、一般的に下記(1)式のeの値で示される。
【0013】
e=(V2+V1)/(U1+U2) ‥‥(1)
但し、V1:ゴルフボールがクラブヘッドのフェイスを離れた直後のクラブヘッドのスピード(m/s)
V2:ゴルフボールがクラブヘッドのフェイスを離れた直後のゴルフボールの速度(m/s)
U1:インパクト(打撃)前のクラブヘッドの速度(m/s)
U2:インパクト前のゴルフボールの速度(m/s:静止状態では0m/s)
【0014】
上記跳ね返り係数eの値は、外部からのエネルギーの増加の無い系では0〜1.0に制限される。また跳ね返り係数eの値は、柔らかい粘土などの材料では0に近くなり、変形の結果としてエネルギーが失われないような完全に弾性の材料ではeの値はほぼ1.0となる。跳ね返り係数eが高くなれば反発力も大きくなり、ボールは遠くに飛ぶことになる。
【0015】
本発明者らは、上記跳ね返り係数eの値をより高くすることのできるチタン合金の開発を目指して様々な角度から検討した。その結果、MoとAlを所定量含有させた合金で、その引張強度を900MPa以上としたものでは、上記目的が見事に達成されることを見出し、本発明を完成した。本発明のチタン合金において、MoとAlを含有量の範囲限定理由は下記の通りである。
【0016】
Mo:12〜20%
Moの含有量が12%未満では、加工誘起α’’変態[β相が加工誘起によって斜方晶マルテンサイト(α’’)に変態する]が起こり、強度を上昇させるための加工量を大きく取る必要があり、そのとき延性が大幅に低下して、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスの耐久性が大幅に低下することになる。一方、Mo含有量は25%程度まで多くしても特性上ではそれほど問題にはならないが、非常に高価な元素であるので、その上限は20%とした。尚、Mo含有量の好ましい下限は13.5%程度であり、好ましい上限は16.5%程度である。
【0017】
Al:2〜4.5%
Alの含有量が2%未満になると、焼入れでω相が出現し易くなり、冷間加工で双晶変形が顕著に起って加工硬化せず、所定の加工を施しても(後述する)必要となる900MPa以上の強度を確保することが困難になる。こうしたことから、Al含有量は2%以上とする必要がある。しかしながら、Al含有量が過剰になって4.5%を超えると、冷間加工により生じる加工誘起α’’相が脆くなり、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスの耐久性が大幅に低下するのでその上限を4.5%とした。尚、Al含有量の好ましい下限は2.5%であり、好ましい上限は3.5%程度である。
【0018】
本発明のチタン合金の基本的な成分は上記の通りであり、残部はチタンおよび不可避不純物からなるものである。このうち不可避不純物としては、O,Fe,N,C,H等の成分が挙げられるが、これらの不可避不純物は、夫々O:0.3%、Fe:0.8%、N:0.02%、C:0.1%、H:0.08%程度までなら許容できる。
【0019】
ところで、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスには、ボールを打ったときの凹みを防止する観点から、900MPa以上の強度[室温(25℃)における引張強度]を必要とする。しかしながら、上記組成のチタン合金では、熱間加工後の溶体化処理だけでは900MPa以上の強度を確保することができない。
【0020】
こうしたことから、900MPa以上の引張強度を確保するためには、例えば加工率を20%以上とした冷間加工を施すことが好ましく、こうした冷間加工を施すことによって必要とされる引張強度:900MPa以上を確保することができる。但し、冷間加工時の加工率をあまり大きくすると、強加工による延性低下を招いて、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスの耐久性を低下させることになる。こうした観点からして、少なくとも伸びは5%以上を確保する必要があり、そのためには加工率は50%以下とすることが好ましい。また、このときの加工方法は、冷間加工に限らず、例えば高速鍛造などの熱間加工硬化処理であっても良く、高速鍛造するときの加工率については上記の趣旨から適切な範囲に設定すれば良い。
【0021】
本発明のチタン合金(Ti−15Mo−3Al)を用いて冷間加工したときに、冷間加工率がチタン合金の機械的特性(室温での引張強度、伸び)に与える影響を図3に示す。この結果から明らかなように、室温での引張強度を900MPa以上に確保するためには、冷間加工率を20%以上とする必要があり、また良好な延性(伸び)を確保するためには加工率を50%以下にする必要があることが分かる。
【0022】
上記のようなチタン合金によって、高い反発力が発揮される理由については、その全てを解明し得た訳ではないが、通常加工硬化によりヤング率は変動しないものと理解されているものの、実際問題としてβ合金では加工によりヤング率が高くなる傾向があるのに対し、低いヤング率が加工硬化によっても維持されるためと考えることができる。
【0023】
また本発明では、上記のようなチタン合金をヘッドフェイスに用いることによって、優れた反発力を発揮するゴルフクラブが実現できる。
【0024】
以下、実施例によって本発明の作用効果を具体的に示すが、下記実施例は本発明を限定するものではなく、前・後記の趣旨に徴して設計変更することはいずれも本発明の技術的範囲に含まれるものである。
【0025】
【実施例】
実施例1
下記表1に示す化学成分組成の各種チタン合金について、小型誘導加熱炉にて25kgの鋳塊を溶製し、1100℃で2時間加熱後、鍛造にて50t×165W×650L(mm)のスラブを作製した。
【0026】
【表1】
【0027】
各スラブの表裏面を夫々2mm切削後、1200℃で2時間加熱し、圧延にて厚さ:4mmの板にした。更に、1000℃で溶体化処理を行い、ショットブラストと酸洗にて表層の酸化層を除去した。その後、冷間圧延にて厚さ:2.5mmの板を作製した(加工率:37.5%)。
【0028】
加工した各チタン合金板を用いて、ゴルフクラブのヘッドフェイスに加工し、ゴルフクラブを作製した。このときのゴルフクラブのヘッド形状を図1、2[図1は斜視図、図2は図1のII−II線矢視断面図]に示す。このゴルフクラブはウッドクラブであり、ヘッド1が金属製で中空のいわゆるメタルウッドである。そのヘッド1は、前面がボールに打撃面をなすフェイス2、その下側がソール3、上側がクラウン4、および上方へ突き出しているネック5からなる。またネック5には、シャフト6が接続されている。
【0029】
フェイス2に加工した上記各チタン合金(厚さ:2.5mm)、ソール3に板厚:1.15mmのTi−15V−3Cr−3Sn−3Al合金、クラウン4に板厚:1.0mmのTi−15V−3Cr−3Sn−3Al合金を用い、これらを、Ti−15V−3Cr−3Sn−3Al合金をフィラーメタルとして用いてTIG溶接し、ヘッドの体積が355mlのゴルフクラブとした。このゴルフクラブを用いて、下記の条件で反発係数(COR)の測定と打撃耐久試験を行った。
【0030】
(反発係数の測定)
各ゴルフクラブを保持(前記速度U1:0m/s)し、速度(前記U2)を変化させてゴルフボールをインパクトし、ボールスピード(前記V2)を測定し、前記(1)式に基づいて跳ね返り係数e(反発係数COR)を計算した。
【0031】
ボールスピードV2と反発係数CORの関係を図4に示すが、従来CORが最も高くなる材料として知られているTi−15Mo−5Zr−3Alに比べても、本発明のチタン合金(Ti−15Mo−3Al)は高いCORが達成されていることが分かる。
【0032】
(打撃耐久性試験)
各ゴルフクラブを用いてヘッドスピードを48m/s、打点をフェイスセンターにして、打撃耐久試験を行った。その結果を、従来合金(Ti−15Mo−5Zr−3Al)を用いた場合と比較して下記表2に示すが、本発明のチタン合金の耐久性は従来合金と比べて遜色がないことが分かる。
【0033】
【表2】
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上の様に構成されており、反発力をより高くすることができると共に、ゴルフクラブに最低限必要とされる強度を有するゴルフクラブ用チタン合金、およびそのようなチタン合金を用いたゴルフクラブが実現できた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例で作成したゴルフクラブのヘッド部分を示す斜視図である。
【図2】図1のII−II線矢視断面図である
【図3】冷間加工率がチタン合金の機械的特性(室温での引張強度、伸び)に与える影響を示すグラフである。
【図4】ボールスピードと反発係数との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 ヘッド
2 フェイス
3 ソール
4 クラウン
5 ネック
6 シャフト[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a titanium alloy useful as a material for a golf club and a golf club using the titanium alloy used therefor, and in particular, a titanium alloy capable of exhibiting high repulsive force when used in a golf club Further, the present invention relates to a golf club that exhibits a high resilience.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Golf is a sport that is loved by many people, and tools (golf clubs and golf balls) used have been studied and improved from various angles. In particular, it is desired that the golf club has a longer flight distance when the ball is hit. For these reasons, a material having a higher repulsive force is required for the head face of a golf club.
[0003]
A coefficient of restitution (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “COR”) is known as an index representing the repulsive force of a golf club. The higher the value, the better the ball will bounce.
[0004]
Until now, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and the like have been used as golf club materials (metal materials), but titanium alloys have attracted attention as materials having a stronger repulsive force.
[0005]
Titanium materials have been used in various fields such as automobiles and eyeglass frames because they have excellent tensile strength and yield strength. Of these titanium alloys, Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the like have been conventionally used as golf club materials, and the former ones have been developed so far. Among them, it is known as a material showing the highest coefficient of restitution COR.
[0006]
However, even with the various titanium alloys proposed so far, it cannot be said that it can sufficiently respond to the user's request to fly the ball farther, and there is a material that can exhibit a larger coefficient of restitution COR. What is desired is the actual situation. Moreover, when using a titanium alloy for a golf club, it is also necessary to have the minimum strength required for a golf club.
[0007]
Titanium alloys have also been proposed in which the Young's modulus of the titanium alloy is lowered by including Nb or Zr in titanium and the flight distance is increased when used in a golf club (for example,
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP, 2001-246029, A Claims [Patent Document 2]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-3127
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a titanium alloy having a repulsive force higher and a minimum strength required for a golf club, and such titanium. The object is to provide a golf club using an alloy.
[0010]
[Means for solving the problems]
The titanium alloy of the present invention capable of achieving the above-mentioned object contains Mo: 12 to 20% and Al: 2 to 4.5%, respectively, and the balance consists of Ti and inevitable impurities, and the tensile strength at room temperature. Has a gist in that it is 900 MPa or more. This titanium alloy is most useful when used for the head face of a golf club.
[0011]
On the other hand, by using the titanium alloy as described above for the head face of the golf club, a golf club exhibiting desired characteristics can be realized.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As an index representing the repulsive force of a golf club, there is COR as described above, and this COR is a rebound coefficient under a certain condition. The rebound coefficient (rebound coefficient between the golf ball and the hitting plate of the club) is generally indicated by the value of e in the following equation (1).
[0013]
e = (V 2 + V 1 ) / (U 1 + U 2 ) (1)
V 1 : club head speed (m / s) immediately after the golf ball leaves the club head face
V 2 : Speed of golf ball immediately after the golf ball leaves the club head face (m / s)
U 1 : club head speed before impact (striking) (m / s)
U 2 : Speed of golf ball before impact (m / s: 0 m / s in a stationary state)
[0014]
The value of the rebound coefficient e is limited to 0 to 1.0 in a system where there is no increase in external energy. In addition, the value of the rebound coefficient e is close to 0 for materials such as soft clay, and the value of e is approximately 1.0 for a completely elastic material that does not lose energy as a result of deformation. As the rebound coefficient e increases, the repulsive force increases and the ball flies far away.
[0015]
The present inventors have studied from various angles with the aim of developing a titanium alloy capable of increasing the value of the rebound coefficient e. As a result, the inventors have found that the above object can be achieved with an alloy containing a predetermined amount of Mo and Al and having a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more, and completed the present invention. In the titanium alloy of the present invention, the reasons for limiting the ranges of the contents of Mo and Al are as follows.
[0016]
Mo: 12-20%
If the Mo content is less than 12%, processing-induced α ″ transformation [β-phase transforms to orthorhombic martensite (α ″) by processing induction] occurs, increasing the processing amount for increasing the strength. At that time, the ductility is greatly reduced, and the durability of the head face of the golf club is greatly reduced. On the other hand, even if the Mo content is increased to about 25%, there is no problem in terms of characteristics, but since it is an extremely expensive element, the upper limit is set to 20%. In addition, the preferable minimum of Mo content is about 13.5%, and a preferable upper limit is about 16.5%.
[0017]
Al: 2 to 4.5%
When the Al content is less than 2%, the ω phase is likely to appear by quenching, and twin deformation is remarkably caused by cold working, and work hardening does not occur. It becomes difficult to ensure the required strength of 900 MPa or more. For these reasons, the Al content needs to be 2% or more. However, if the Al content becomes excessive and exceeds 4.5%, the work-induced α '' phase generated by cold working becomes brittle, and the durability of the golf club head face is greatly reduced. 4.5%. In addition, the minimum with preferable Al content is 2.5%, and a preferable upper limit is about 3.5%.
[0018]
The basic components of the titanium alloy of the present invention are as described above, and the balance consists of titanium and inevitable impurities. Among these, components such as O, Fe, N, C, and H are listed as unavoidable impurities. These unavoidable impurities include O: 0.3%, Fe: 0.8%, and N: 0.02. %, C: 0.1%, and H: 0.08% are acceptable.
[0019]
Incidentally, the head face of a golf club requires a strength [tensile strength at room temperature (25 ° C.)] of 900 MPa or more from the viewpoint of preventing dents when a ball is hit. However, with a titanium alloy having the above composition, a strength of 900 MPa or more cannot be ensured only by solution treatment after hot working.
[0020]
Therefore, in order to ensure a tensile strength of 900 MPa or more, for example, it is preferable to perform cold working with a working rate of 20% or more. Tensile strength required by performing such cold working: 900 MPa The above can be ensured. However, if the working rate during cold working is too large, the ductility is lowered due to strong working, and the durability of the head face of the golf club is lowered. From this point of view, at least the elongation needs to be 5% or more, and for that purpose, the processing rate is preferably 50% or less. In addition, the processing method at this time is not limited to cold processing, and may be hot work hardening processing such as high-speed forging, and the processing rate at high-speed forging is set in an appropriate range from the above-mentioned purpose. Just do it.
[0021]
FIG. 3 shows the influence of the cold work rate on the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at room temperature) of the titanium alloy when cold working using the titanium alloy (Ti-15Mo-3Al) of the present invention. . As is clear from this result, in order to secure the tensile strength at room temperature to 900 MPa or more, it is necessary to make the
[0022]
The reason why the high repulsive force is exerted by the titanium alloy as described above is not completely understood, but it is understood that the Young's modulus does not change due to normal work hardening, but it is a real problem. It can be considered that the β alloy tends to have a high Young's modulus due to processing, whereas a low Young's modulus is maintained even by work hardening.
[0023]
In the present invention, a golf club exhibiting an excellent repulsive force can be realized by using the titanium alloy as described above for the head face.
[0024]
Hereinafter, the working effects of the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. However, the following examples are not intended to limit the present invention, and any design changes may be made in accordance with the purpose described above and below. It is included in the range.
[0025]
【Example】
Example 1
For various titanium alloys having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 below, a 25 kg ingot is melted in a small induction heating furnace, heated at 1100 ° C. for 2 hours, and then slab of 50 t × 165 W × 650 L (mm) by forging. Was made.
[0026]
[Table 1]
[0027]
The front and back surfaces of each slab were cut by 2 mm, heated at 1200 ° C. for 2 hours, and rolled to a thickness of 4 mm. Further, a solution treatment was performed at 1000 ° C., and the surface oxide layer was removed by shot blasting and pickling. Thereafter, a plate having a thickness of 2.5 mm was produced by cold rolling (processing rate: 37.5%).
[0028]
Each processed titanium alloy plate was processed into a golf club head face to produce a golf club. 1 and 2 [FIG. 1 is a perspective view, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1]. This golf club is a wood club, and is a so-called metal wood in which the
[0029]
Each titanium alloy processed to face 2 (thickness: 2.5 mm), plate thickness: 1.15 mm Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloy on sole 3, and plate thickness: 1.0 mm Ti on crown 4 A -15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloy was used, and these were TIG welded using a Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al alloy as a filler metal to obtain a golf club having a head volume of 355 ml. Using this golf club, the coefficient of restitution (COR) and the impact durability test were performed under the following conditions.
[0030]
(Measurement of coefficient of restitution)
Each golf club is held (the speed U 1 : 0 m / s), the speed (the U 2 ) is changed, the golf ball is impacted, and the ball speed (the V 2 ) is measured. Based on this, the rebound coefficient e (rebound coefficient COR) was calculated.
[0031]
Shows the relationship between the ball speed V 2 and the coefficient of restitution COR 4, as compared to the Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al conventional COR is known as the highest made material, a titanium alloy (Ti-15Mo of the present invention -3Al) shows that a high COR is achieved.
[0032]
(Blow durability test)
Each golf club was subjected to a hit durability test with a head speed of 48 m / s and a hit point as the face center. The results are shown in the following Table 2 in comparison with the case of using the conventional alloy (Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al), but it can be seen that the durability of the titanium alloy of the present invention is comparable to that of the conventional alloy. .
[0033]
[Table 2]
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above, and the repulsive force can be further increased, and the titanium alloy for golf clubs having the minimum strength required for the golf club, and such a titanium alloy are used. A golf club was realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a head portion of a golf club created in an example.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of the cold work rate on the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at room temperature) of a titanium alloy.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between ball speed and coefficient of restitution.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Head 2
Claims (3)
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JP2002352512A JP4256668B2 (en) | 2002-12-04 | 2002-12-04 | Golf club |
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JP2002352512A JP4256668B2 (en) | 2002-12-04 | 2002-12-04 | Golf club |
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JP4256668B2 JP4256668B2 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
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