JP2004180708A - Fundus camera - Google Patents

Fundus camera Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004180708A
JP2004180708A JP2002347554A JP2002347554A JP2004180708A JP 2004180708 A JP2004180708 A JP 2004180708A JP 2002347554 A JP2002347554 A JP 2002347554A JP 2002347554 A JP2002347554 A JP 2002347554A JP 2004180708 A JP2004180708 A JP 2004180708A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light
eye
fundus
image
observation
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Pending
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JP2002347554A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Motoya Takai
元也 高井
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP2002347554A priority Critical patent/JP2004180708A/en
Publication of JP2004180708A publication Critical patent/JP2004180708A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fundus camera capable of well observing an eye to be examined of a micropupilla. <P>SOLUTION: The shading area of an eye lens baffle 15 in an illumination light path is made variable and the state of the eye lens baffle 15 is detected by a detection means 20. A control means 18 increases and decreases the quantity of light of an observation light source 10 or the sensitivity of a television camera 9 to make the brightness of the image obtained by an image pickup means 5 proper to perform an accurate ophthalmic diagnosis. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、眼科医院や集団検診等において使用される小瞳孔撮影可能な眼底カメラに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、眼底撮影時に被検眼が十分に散瞳せず瞳孔径が小さい場合には、例えば特開平5−15497号公報に示すように、水晶体バッフルを切換えることにより入射面積を増加させ、被検眼を撮影する眼底カメラが知られている。
このような眼底カメラでは、通常では小瞳孔径スイッチの作用により、水晶体バッフルを切換えて入射面積を増加させ、更には照明光量を増加させることにより、入射光量を増加させることによってカラー撮影等を行っている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら上述の従来例において、カラー撮影された画像は、入射面積と入射光量を制御することにより、適切な画像が得られるようになっている。
しかし、観察中は小瞳孔径スイッチを作用させただけでは、観察光量の増加又は撮像素子の増感を別途に作用させないと、不適切な映像が映出されてしまい、所望の観察画像が得られ難いという欠点がある。更には、撮影のやり直しを余儀なくされ、撮影者に手間を掛けさせてしまうことがあり、極めて煩わしいという欠点もある。
【0004】
本発明の目的は、上述の問題点を解消し、観察中においても適切な観察光量の増加又は観察用撮像素子の増感設定を行うことにより、精度の良い観察画像が得られ、正確な診断や効率の良い撮影が実施できる眼底カメラを提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するための本発明に係る眼底カメラは、被検眼を照明光源による照明する照明光学系と、該照明光学系中に配置し検眼の水晶体と略共役位置に有害光を遮蔽するための面積を可変とする遮光手段と、前記照明光学系より照明された被検眼像を撮像素子を用いて観察する撮像手段とを有する眼底カメラにおいて、被検眼観察時に前記遮光手段の面積変化に応じて前記照明光源の光量又は撮像素子の感度を自動的に変化させることを特徴とする。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明を図示の実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図1は本実施の形態における眼底カメラの構成図を示しており、被検眼Eの前方には対物レンズ1が配置され、その後方の光路上には孔あきミラー2、フォーカスのために移動可能な撮影レンズ3、可動ミラー4、可視波長領域に感度を有するテレビカメラ等から成る撮像手段5が順次に配列され、眼底撮像光学系が構成されている。
【0007】
可動ミラー4の反射方向には、ハーフミラー6、眼底Erと略共役位置に固視灯7が配置されている。ハーフミラー6の反射方向には、フィールドレンズ8、赤外波長領域に感度を有するテレビカメラ9が順次に配列され観察光学系が構成されている。
【0008】
また、孔あきミラー2への照明光の入射方向には照明光学系が設けられ、ハロゲンランプ等の可視光を発する観察光源10側からコンデンサレンズ11、可視光カットフィルタ12、可視光の閃光を発する撮影光源13、リング状開口部を有し被検眼Eの瞳孔Epと略共役位置にあるリングスリット14、リング状開口部を有し被検眼Eの水晶体後面Esと略共役位置にある水晶体バッフル15、レンズ16、リング状開口を有し被検眼角膜Ecと略共役位置にある角膜バッフル17が順次に配列されている。
【0009】
撮像手段5、テレビカメラ9の出力は制御手段18に接続されており、制御手段18には、固視灯7、観察光源10、撮影光源13、テレビモニタ19、水晶体バッフル15の状態を検出するマイクロスイッチ等の検出手段20、画像記録媒体21が、それぞれ接続されている。
【0010】
図2は水晶体バッフル15の正面図を示し、水晶体バッフル15は中央部に有害光を遮蔽する固定の遮光部15aと、支点15bを中心として矢印方向に手動又は電動で回動可能で、遮光部15aを覆う可動遮光部15cとから成っており、可動遮光部15cを光路に挿脱することにより遮光部の面積を変更することができる。
【0011】
通常撮影の場合、即ち十分に散瞳している際には、水晶体バッフル15の中央部の遮光部15aを覆うように可動遮光部15cを挿入し、小瞳孔撮影の場合には可動遮光部15cを光路外に退避する。また、検出手段20は可動遮光部15cの他端15dの近傍に配置されており、この他端15dの動きを基に可動遮光部15cの状態が検出できるようにされている。
【0012】
次に、通常の撮影手順において、撮影者は被検者を眼底カメラの正面に着座させ、対物レンズ1の正面に被検眼Eを位置させ、眼底撮影のためのアライメントを行う。そして、観察光源10を点灯すると、その光束はコンデンサレンズ11により集光され、可視光カットフィルタ12により観察光束となった観察光は、撮影光源13、リングスリット14、水晶体バッフル15、リレーレンズ16、角膜バッフル17を経て、孔あきミラー2により左方に反射され、対物レンズ1を通り被検眼Eの瞳Epを介して眼底Erを照明する。
【0013】
観察光束による観察光で照明された眼底Erの眼底像は、対物レンズ1、孔あきミラー2の孔部を通過し、撮影レンズ3を経て、可動ミラー4により上方に反射され、更にハーフミラー6により左方に反射され、フィールドレンズ8を介してテレビカメラ9に達する。観察光に感度を有するテレビカメラ9は、受光した眼底像を制御手段18を介してテレビモニタ19に出力する。
【0014】
図3は通常撮影における眼底像Er’の説明図を示しており、撮影者はテレビモニタ19に提示された眼底像を観察しながら、固視灯7による固視標を被検眼Eに投影し、眼底Erと眼底カメラとの精密な位置合わせ、ピント合わせ及び撮影範囲の確認を行う。固視標7aは被検眼Eに提示された固視灯7の位置をテレビモニタ19で眼底像Er’に電気的に合成させて表示したものである。
【0015】
撮影者は撮影範囲、位置、ピント合わせが良好であることを確認した後に、図示しない撮影スイッチを操作し静止画撮影を行う。撮影スイッチの入力を検知した制御手段18は、可動ミラー4を跳ね上げて光路外に退避させると共に、撮影光源13を発光する。撮影光源13から発した撮影光束は、観察光と同様にリングスリット14、水晶体バッフル15のリング状開口部を通過し、リレーレンズ16、角膜バッフル17を経て、孔あきミラー2の周辺のミラー部により左方に反射され、対物レンズ1を介して被検眼Eの瞳孔Epから眼底Erを照明する。
【0016】
このように照明された眼底像Er’は、対物レンズ1、孔あきミラー2の孔部を通過し、撮影レンズ3を経て撮像手段5の撮像面に結像し、制御手段18を介してテレビモニタ19に眼底像を表示すると共に、画像記録媒体21に画像を記録する。
【0017】
小瞳孔撮影の場合についても、撮影者が被検眼Eと眼底カメラと位置合わせを行う手順は、上述の通常撮影と同様である。しかしながら、被検眼Eの散瞳が不十分で瞳孔径が小さい場合には、図4に示すように眼底像Er’の中央部が暗くなる。
【0018】
そこで、撮影者は図2に示す水晶体バッフル15の可動遮光部15cを光路外に退避させ、光軸上に遮光面積の小さな固定の遮光部15aのみを配置することにより、光束の入射面積を変更する。しかし、光束の入射面積の増加だけでは画像は不明瞭であるので、制御手段18は検出手段20の検出状態を確認すると、観察光源10の光量又はテレビカメラ9の感度を増加させる。
【0019】
これにより、良好な観察画像を得られることができるので、その後は通常撮影と同様に撮影スイッチを操作して、撮影光源13を発光させて眼底画像の撮影を行い、得られた眼底像を画像記録媒体21に記録する。
【0020】
図5は撮影の手順を示すフローチャート図を示しており、先ずステップS1において、眼底カメラのイニシャライズを行い、ステップS2において、被検眼Eの観察を行う。続いて、ステップS3において被検眼Eの散瞳状態を判定し、十分に散瞳していない小瞳孔と判断した場合には、ステップS4に進み水晶体バッフル15の切換えを行い、ステップS5において光量増加又は感度増加を行った後に、ステップS6において被検眼Eの撮影を行う。
【0021】
また、ステップS3において被検眼Eが十分に散瞳している場合には、ステップS6に進み、そのまま被検眼Eの撮影を行う。この手順により、被検眼Eが小瞳孔時においても良好な観察画像を得ることができ、容易に撮影画像が得られる。
【0022】
なお、本実施の形態では、水晶体バッフル15の動作を検出して小瞳孔時観察と判断しているが、水晶体バッフル15の切換えを電動とした場合には、切換えの入力操作を判断基準として検出手段20を省略することもできる。
【0023】
本発明の実施の形態の幾つかを次に列挙する。
【0024】
〔実施の形態1〕 被検眼を照明光源による照明する照明光学系と、該照明光学系中に配置し検眼の水晶体と略共役位置に有害光を遮蔽するための面積を可変とする遮光手段と、前記照明光学系より照明された被検眼像を撮像素子を用いて観察する撮像手段とを有する眼底カメラにおいて、被検眼観察時に前記遮光手段の面積変化に応じて前記照明光源の光量又は撮像素子の感度を自動的に変化させることを特徴とする眼底カメラ。
【0025】
〔実施の形態2〕 前記照明光源は観察光源とした実施の形態1に記載の眼底カメラ。
【0026】
〔実施の形態3〕 前記遮光手段の面積は小さな面積の固定の遮光部材に対し、大きな面積の可動の遮光部材を光路内に挿脱することにより可変とする実施の形態1に記載の眼底カメラ。
【0027】
〔実施の形態4〕 前記遮光手段の面積変化の検知、前記可動の遮光部材の動きを検出することにより行うようにした実施の形態3に記載の眼底カメラ。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明に係る眼底カメラは、被検眼観察時に照明光学系中の遮光手段の面積変化に応じて、照明光源の光量又は撮像素子の感度を変化させることにより、精度の良い眼科診断を実行できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本実施の形態における眼底カメラの構成図である。
【図2】水晶体バッフルの正面図である。
【図3】通常の眼底観察時のテレビモニタの説明図である。
【図4】小瞳孔径被検眼の眼底観察時のテレビモニタの説明図である。
【図5】撮影手順のフローチャート図である。
【符号の説明】
1 対物レンズ
2 孔あきミラー
3 撮影レンズ
5 撮像手段
7 固視灯
9 テレビカメラ
10 観察光源
13 撮影光源
15 水晶体バッフル
15a、15c 遮光部材
18 制御手段
19 テレビモニタ
20 検出手段
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fundus camera capable of photographing a small pupil used in an ophthalmic clinic or a group examination.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when the eye to be examined does not have a sufficient mydriasis and a small pupil diameter at the time of fundus photographing, the entrance area is increased by switching the lens baffle, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-5-15497. 2. Description of the Related Art A fundus camera for photographing an image is known.
In such a fundus camera, normally, the action of a small pupil diameter switch is used to switch the crystalline lens baffle to increase the incident area, and further increase the amount of illumination, thereby performing color photography by increasing the amount of incident light. ing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, an appropriate image can be obtained by controlling the incident area and the incident light amount of the color photographed image.
However, if only the small pupil diameter switch is actuated during observation, an inappropriate image is displayed unless an increase in the amount of observation light or sensitization of the image sensor is separately applied, and a desired observation image is obtained. There is a disadvantage that it is difficult to be obtained. Furthermore, there is a disadvantage that the photographer has to re-do the photographing, which may be troublesome for the photographer, which is extremely troublesome.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to obtain an observation image with high accuracy by performing an appropriate increase in the amount of observation light or a sensitization setting of an imaging element for observation even during observation, thereby obtaining an accurate diagnosis. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fundus camera capable of performing efficient and efficient imaging.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A fundus camera according to the present invention for achieving the object described above has an illumination optical system that illuminates an eye to be inspected with an illumination light source, and is disposed in the illumination optical system and shields harmful light at a position substantially conjugate with a lens of the eye to be examined. A fundus camera having a light-shielding means for changing the area of the eye and an imaging means for observing the image of the eye to be inspected illuminated by the illumination optical system using an image sensor, according to a change in the area of the light-shielding means during observation of the eye to be inspected. And automatically changing the light amount of the illumination light source or the sensitivity of the imaging device.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated embodiment.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a fundus camera according to the present embodiment, in which an objective lens 1 is disposed in front of an eye E to be inspected, a perforated mirror 2 is provided on an optical path behind the eye 1, and is movable for focusing. An imaging unit 5 including a photographic lens 3, a movable mirror 4, and a television camera having sensitivity in the visible wavelength region is sequentially arranged to form a fundus imaging optical system.
[0007]
A fixation lamp 7 is arranged at a position substantially conjugate with the half mirror 6 and the fundus Er in the reflection direction of the movable mirror 4. In the reflection direction of the half mirror 6, a field lens 8 and a television camera 9 having sensitivity in an infrared wavelength region are sequentially arranged to form an observation optical system.
[0008]
Further, an illumination optical system is provided in the direction of incidence of the illumination light to the perforated mirror 2, and a condenser lens 11, a visible light cut filter 12, and a flash of visible light from an observation light source 10 that emits visible light such as a halogen lamp. An imaging light source 13 that emits light, a ring slit 14 having a ring-shaped opening and substantially conjugate with the pupil Ep of the eye E, and a lens baffle having a ring-shaped opening and substantially conjugate with the posterior lens surface Es of the eye E to be examined. 15, a corneal baffle 17 having a ring-shaped aperture, a lens 16, and a substantially conjugate position with the cornea Ec to be examined is sequentially arranged.
[0009]
Outputs of the imaging unit 5 and the television camera 9 are connected to a control unit 18, which detects the states of the fixation lamp 7, the observation light source 10, the imaging light source 13, the television monitor 19, and the crystalline lens baffle 15. The detection means 20 such as a microswitch and the image recording medium 21 are connected to each other.
[0010]
FIG. 2 shows a front view of the lens baffle 15. The lens baffle 15 has a fixed light-shielding portion 15a at a central portion for shielding harmful light, and can be manually or electrically rotated around a fulcrum 15b in a direction indicated by an arrow, and a light-shielding portion. The movable light-shielding portion 15c covers the light-shielding portion 15a, and the area of the light-shielding portion can be changed by inserting and removing the movable light-shielding portion 15c in the optical path.
[0011]
In the case of normal imaging, that is, when the pupil is sufficiently dilated, the movable light-shielding portion 15c is inserted so as to cover the light-shielding portion 15a at the center of the crystalline lens baffle 15, and in the case of small pupil imaging, the movable light-shielding portion 15c is provided. To the outside of the optical path. The detecting means 20 is arranged near the other end 15d of the movable light-shielding portion 15c, and can detect the state of the movable light-shielding portion 15c based on the movement of the other end 15d.
[0012]
Next, in a normal imaging procedure, the photographer sits the subject in front of the fundus camera, positions the subject's eye E in front of the objective lens 1, and performs alignment for fundus imaging. When the observation light source 10 is turned on, the luminous flux is condensed by the condenser lens 11, and the observation light converted into the observation luminous flux by the visible light cut filter 12 is transmitted to the imaging light source 13, the ring slit 14, the crystalline lens baffle 15, and the relay lens 16. The light is reflected to the left by the perforated mirror 2 through the corneal baffle 17, passes through the objective lens 1, and illuminates the fundus Er via the pupil Ep of the eye E to be examined.
[0013]
The fundus image of the fundus Er illuminated with the observation light by the observation light beam passes through the objective lens 1, the aperture of the perforated mirror 2, passes through the imaging lens 3, is reflected upward by the movable mirror 4, and is further reflected by the half mirror 6. Is reflected to the left, and reaches the television camera 9 via the field lens 8. The television camera 9 having sensitivity to the observation light outputs the received fundus image to the television monitor 19 via the control means 18.
[0014]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the fundus image Er ′ in the normal photographing. The photographer projects the fixation target by the fixation lamp 7 to the eye E while observing the fundus image presented on the television monitor 19. , Precise alignment of the fundus Er and the fundus camera, focusing, and confirmation of the photographing range. The fixation target 7a is obtained by electrically combining the position of the fixation lamp 7 presented to the eye E with the fundus image Er 'on the television monitor 19 and displaying the result.
[0015]
After confirming that the photographing range, position, and focusing are good, the photographer operates a photographing switch (not shown) to photograph a still image. The control unit 18 that has detected the input of the photographing switch jumps up the movable mirror 4 to retreat outside the optical path and emits the photographing light source 13. The photographing light flux emitted from the photographing light source 13 passes through the ring slit 14 and the ring-shaped opening of the crystalline lens baffle 15 similarly to the observation light, passes through the relay lens 16 and the corneal baffle 17, and passes through the mirror section around the perforated mirror 2. And illuminates the fundus Er from the pupil Ep of the eye E through the objective lens 1.
[0016]
The fundus image Er ′ thus illuminated passes through the objective lens 1 and the aperture of the perforated mirror 2, forms an image on the imaging surface of the imaging unit 5 via the imaging lens 3, The fundus image is displayed on the monitor 19 and the image is recorded on the image recording medium 21.
[0017]
Also in the case of small pupil photography, the procedure for the photographer to align the subject's eye E with the fundus camera is the same as that in the normal photography described above. However, when the mydriasis of the eye E is insufficient and the pupil diameter is small, the central portion of the fundus image Er ′ becomes dark as shown in FIG.
[0018]
Therefore, the photographer retreats the movable light-shielding portion 15c of the crystalline lens baffle 15 shown in FIG. 2 out of the optical path, and changes the incident area of the light beam by disposing only the fixed light-shielding portion 15a having a small light-shielding area on the optical axis. I do. However, since the image is unclear only by increasing the incident area of the light beam, the control unit 18 increases the light amount of the observation light source 10 or the sensitivity of the television camera 9 when checking the detection state of the detection unit 20.
[0019]
As a result, a good observation image can be obtained. Thereafter, the photographing switch is operated in the same manner as in normal photographing, the photographing light source 13 is caused to emit light, and a fundus image is photographed. The information is recorded on the recording medium 21.
[0020]
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the procedure of photographing. First, in step S1, the fundus camera is initialized, and in step S2, the eye E is observed. Subsequently, the mydriasis state of the eye E is determined in step S3, and if it is determined that the pupil is not sufficiently mydriatic, the process proceeds to step S4 where the lens baffle 15 is switched, and the light amount increases in step S5. Alternatively, after the sensitivity is increased, the eye E is photographed in step S6.
[0021]
If the eye E has a sufficient mydriasis in step S3, the process proceeds to step S6, and the eye E is photographed as it is. By this procedure, a good observation image can be obtained even when the eye E is a small pupil, and a captured image can be easily obtained.
[0022]
In the present embodiment, the operation of the lens baffle 15 is detected to determine the observation at the time of the small pupil. However, when the switching of the lens baffle 15 is electrically driven, the input operation of the switching is detected as a determination criterion. Means 20 can be omitted.
[0023]
Some of the embodiments of the present invention are listed below.
[0024]
[Embodiment 1] An illumination optical system for illuminating an eye to be inspected with an illumination light source, and a light shielding unit arranged in the illumination optical system and having a variable area for shielding harmful light at a position substantially conjugate with a crystalline lens of the eye to be examined. A fundus camera having an imaging unit for observing an image of the eye to be inspected illuminated by the illumination optical system using an imaging device, wherein a light amount of the illumination light source or an imaging device according to a change in the area of the light shielding unit during observation of the eye to be inspected A fundus camera characterized by automatically changing the sensitivity of the eye.
[0025]
Second Embodiment The fundus camera according to the first embodiment, wherein the illumination light source is an observation light source.
[0026]
Third Embodiment The fundus camera according to the first embodiment, wherein the area of the light shielding unit is made variable by inserting and removing a movable light shielding member having a large area into and from a fixed light shielding member having a small area. .
[0027]
[Embodiment 4] The fundus camera according to Embodiment 3, wherein the detection is performed by detecting a change in the area of the light shielding unit and by detecting the movement of the movable light shielding member.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the fundus camera according to the present invention provides a high-precision ophthalmologic camera by changing the light amount of the illumination light source or the sensitivity of the imaging device in accordance with a change in the area of the light shielding means in the illumination optical system during observation of the eye to be inspected. Perform diagnostics.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fundus camera according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a lens baffle.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a television monitor during normal fundus observation.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a television monitor when observing a fundus of a small pupil diameter eye to be inspected.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a shooting procedure.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Objective lens 2 Perforated mirror 3 Imaging lens 5 Imaging means 7 Fixation lamp 9 TV camera 10 Observation light source 13 Imaging light source 15 Lens baffles 15a, 15c Light shielding member 18 Control means 19 TV monitor 20 Detection means

Claims (1)

被検眼を照明光源による照明する照明光学系と、該照明光学系中に配置し検眼の水晶体と略共役位置に有害光を遮蔽するための面積を可変とする遮光手段と、前記照明光学系より照明された被検眼像を撮像素子を用いて観察する撮像手段とを有する眼底カメラにおいて、被検眼観察時に前記遮光手段の面積変化に応じて前記照明光源の光量又は撮像素子の感度を自動的に変化させることを特徴とする眼底カメラ。An illumination optical system that illuminates the subject's eye with an illumination light source, a light shielding unit that is disposed in the illumination optical system, and that has a variable area for shielding harmful light at a position substantially conjugate with the crystalline lens of the eye to be examined, and the illumination optical system. A fundus camera having imaging means for observing the illuminated eye image using an imaging element, the light amount of the illumination light source or the sensitivity of the imaging element is automatically adjusted according to a change in the area of the light shielding means during observation of the eye to be inspected. A fundus camera characterized by changing.
JP2002347554A 2002-11-29 2002-11-29 Fundus camera Pending JP2004180708A (en)

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Publication Number Publication Date
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013165818A (en) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-29 Canon Inc Ophthalmologic apparatus, ophthalmologic control method, and program

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013165818A (en) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-29 Canon Inc Ophthalmologic apparatus, ophthalmologic control method, and program

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