JP2004173819A - Fiber hook-and-loop fastener reducing unpleasant sound in peeling and its application product - Google Patents

Fiber hook-and-loop fastener reducing unpleasant sound in peeling and its application product Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004173819A
JP2004173819A JP2002341930A JP2002341930A JP2004173819A JP 2004173819 A JP2004173819 A JP 2004173819A JP 2002341930 A JP2002341930 A JP 2002341930A JP 2002341930 A JP2002341930 A JP 2002341930A JP 2004173819 A JP2004173819 A JP 2004173819A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
hook
fiber
fastener
sound
loop fastener
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JP2002341930A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akira Ishibashi
石橋  亮
Teiichi Murayama
禎一 村山
Mamoru Tanaka
守 田中
Shintaro Osugi
新太郎 大杉
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YKK Corp
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YKK Corp
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Application filed by YKK Corp filed Critical YKK Corp
Priority to JP2002341930A priority Critical patent/JP2004173819A/en
Priority to CNB2003801040947A priority patent/CN100456982C/en
Priority to US10/536,474 priority patent/US7475455B2/en
Priority to EP03772748A priority patent/EP1586250A4/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/014470 priority patent/WO2004047581A1/en
Priority to KR1020057009497A priority patent/KR20050085161A/en
Priority to AU2003280777A priority patent/AU2003280777A1/en
Priority to TW092133088A priority patent/TWI241895B/en
Publication of JP2004173819A publication Critical patent/JP2004173819A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44BBUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0069Details
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44BBUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44BBUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0003Fastener constructions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T24/00Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
    • Y10T24/27Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc. including readily dissociable fastener having numerous, protruding, unitary filaments randomly interlocking with, and simultaneously moving towards, mating structure [e.g., hook-loop type fastener]

Landscapes

  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
  • Curtains And Furnishings For Windows Or Doors (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fiber hook-and-loop fastener and an application product of the hook-and-loop fastener reducing unpleasant sound by shifting the tone quality in peeling the hook-and-loop fastener from the hook-and-loop fastener application product to the low tone. <P>SOLUTION: This fiber hook-and-loop fastener is provided with a joining surface having a plurality of fiber engagement elements on one surface of the planar base fabric. The tissue and composition thread of the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener are regulated, namely, a ratio (A/B)of an area A in a region from 100 Hz to 3,000 Hz of a sound spectrum of a peeling sound Fourier transformed in a region from 100 Hz to 15,000 Hz to an area B in a region from 3,000 Hz to 15,000Hz is set to 0.4 or more, so that the unpleasant sound in peeling off the fiber hook-and-loop fastener can be reduced to the small tone. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は繊維製の面ファスナー及び同面ファスナーが取り付けられた面ファスナー取付製品に関し、特に剥離時の音の小さな繊維製面ファスナーとその面ファスナーの取付製品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
面ファスナーの剥離時の音を小さくする方法について、例えば2件の米国特許明細書が公開されている。その1つである、米国特許第4, 776, 068明細書( Quiet Touch Fastener Material(1986))によれば、面ファスナーの基布であるテープをラティス構造とすることにより空気中へのエネルギーの伝播を減少させるとしている。また他の1つである、米国特許第4, 884, 323号明細書(Quiet Touch Fastner Attachment System (1989) )には、面ファスナー部材と取付対象である生地との間にマウンティング部材を有し、生地と面ファスナーとをマウンティング部材を介して隔離する方法が開示され、或いは吸音性の材料を面ファスナー部材の背面に取り付けて基布自体の容積を増し、剥離時の振動を抑える方法が開示されている。これらの方法によれば、面ファスナーは端縁部のみが縫着などにより取り付けられ、中央部には生地と面ファスナーを固定する要素がないため、広幅の面ファスナーの取り付けには適さないし、生地の背面に別の吸音性材料を取り付ける場合は、面ファスナーが取り付けられる部分の基布の容積が増加し、外観上も手触りも低下し、極めて違和感を感じる。また、縫製方法が複雑になり工程が増えるという問題点もある。
【0003】
また、特開平6−103号公報では、基布背面に振動吸収材を有する面ファスナーが開示されている。この方法で十分な効果を得るには振動吸収剤の重量が十分に無ければならず、面ファスナーが厚くなる欠点がある。また、これらの技術は剥離音の大きさを低く抑えることに注目している。しかし、人間の聴感上、不快な音と不快ではない音が存在する。音を単純に小さくしただけでは十分とは言えず、聴感上も不快を感じさせないことが重要である。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
米国特許第4, 776, 068号明細書
【特許文献2】
米国特許第4, 884, 323号明細書
【特許文献3】
特開平6−103号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
面ファスナーを剥離する時に比較的大きな異音が発生する。この異音は基布が振動することにより発する音である。個々の係合素子が剥離する際には必ず音の発生を伴い、この音の発生を完全に消すことは困難である。
【0006】
前述の特許文献1〜3では、基布の振動が空気に伝達される割合を低下する方法によって、発生音を小さくしている。しかし、これらの方法は音質について考慮されておらず、発生音は小さくなっても音質が不快と感じさせる場合には製品として十分とは言えない。また、面ファスナーが製品に縫製された場合、音質に変化が起こる。そのため、面ファスナーのみではなく、面ファスナーが取り付けられたときの製品全体の音質の変化をも考慮する必要がある。
【0007】
本発明は、面ファスナー自体の発する剥離音の音質を低音側ヘとシフトさせて不快感を低減させるとともに、面ファスナーを取り付けた製品が発する剥離音をも低音側ヘとシフトし、不快感を抑えるようにした繊維製面ファスナー及び同面ファスナーの装着製品を提供することを目的としている。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段及び作用効果】
本発明では面ファスナーの剥離時に発生する音の音質に着目し、フーリエ変換による音響スペクトルの比較から不快感を感じさせる成分を低減させるとともに、発生音自体を低減させて不快感をなくそうとするものである。また、剥離音の周波数を低く抑えるための手段を開発した。
【0009】
上記特許文献1においては面ファスナーの基布をラティス構造として、振動が空気へと伝わる効率を低下させ、さらに、背面に質量のある材料を取り付けることにより静音化を図っている。また、特許文献2では背面にマウンティングシステムを有し、面ファスナーを装着する生地と面ファスナーの基布とを分離して基布から生地へと振動が伝わることを防いでいる。
【0010】
発明者らの実験の結果、面ファスナーからの異音の発生は係合素子同士が係合した面ファスナーの基布が、フックおよびループにより強く引っ張られ、次いで係合が外れたときに引き寄せられた基布が元の状態へ瞬時に復元するために発生することが分かった。このとき、スピーカーコーンのように振動が空気に伝達され、音として伝わると考えられる。上記特許文献1が開示するラティス状構造はスピーカーコーンに穴をあけることに相当し、空気への振動の伝達効率を低く抑えている。
【0011】
上記特許文献1〜3の全てに示された手法は音を小さくすることにのみ注目しており、音質については何ら検討がなされていない。面ファスナーの剥離時に発生する音は離散的で、鋭く、減衰の速い音である。一般にこのような音は耳障りな音である。これらの音から高い周波数成分を取り除くと音の質感が変化し、まろやかな音に変わる。
【0012】
このような音の比較には音響スペクトルを用いると便利である。音響スペクトルは横軸に周波数をとり、縦軸に強度をとって表される。音響スペクトルはフーリエ変換により求めるられる。通常はコンピュータにより高速フーリエ変換(FFT)が行われる。FFTは2の階乗個のデータを必要とし、分解能はデータの個数に依存する。また、分析可能な最も低い周波数はサンプリング時間によって決まる。また、最も高い周波数はサンプリング周期によって決まる。従って、音響スペクトルを議論する際には、分析範囲を明示することが重要である。通常、音響スペクトルは縦軸、横軸ともに対数で示される。
【0013】
本発明の第1の基本的な構成は、繊維構造材からなる平板状基布の一表面に多数の繊維製係合素子を有する接合面を備えた面ファスナーにあって、100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの100Hzから3000Hzの領域の面積Aと、3000Hzから15000Hzの領域の面積Bの比(A/B)が0.4以上であることを特徴とする。
【0014】
発明者らの実験によれば、100Hzから150000Hzの間の周波数領域にあって、3000Hzを基準としてその前後の面積を比較することにより、音の質を評価できることが分かった。3000Hz以上の高い周波数を多く含む剥離音は耳障りで、不快な感じを与え、少ない場合にはまろやかな音となる。フーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの100Hzから3000Hzの領域の面積Aと、3000Hzから15000Hzの領域の面積Bの比(A/B)が0.4以下であると、剥離音が耳障りで且つ不快感を感じる。
【0015】
更には、100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの最大成分を3000Hzより低い周波数であると、同じくその剥離音は不快音と感じることがない。特に、平板状基布の一表面に多数の繊維製係合素子を有する接合面を備えた面ファスナーにあって、100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの100Hzから3000Hzの領域の面積Aと、3000Hzから15000Hzの領域の面積Bの比(A/B)が0.4以上であり、100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの最大成分が3000Hzより低い周波数である場合には、耳障りでなく殆ど不快な感じがない。
【0016】
本発明にあっては、更に面ファスナー基布の硬さが音質に影響を与えることを見出し、なされたものである。面ファスナー基布をより柔軟な基布とし、さらには空隙を設けると、剥離時の発生音の音質を低周波数側にシフトすることができて、剥離時の不快音をよりまろやかな音へと変換することができる。
【0017】
具体的には、面ファスナーの基布の密度を低くし、基布を柔らかくし、基布の弾性率を低くし、高い周波数成分の振動伝達を低くすることにより、発生音を低周波数側ヘシフトする。更に、基布の高音の振動伝達を低くする方法として、基布を構成する糸条を直線的とはせずに、できるかぎり大きく屈曲した組織を採用することが効果的である。同時に、基布の密度、特にその見掛け密度を0.5g/cm以下と低くした場合にはさらに効果的である。
【0018】
また、半径4.0mmで雄雌の各面ファスナー部材の基布を180°曲げたときの各基布の曲げ強さの和が36gf・cm/2.5cm以下であって、少なくとも一方の面ファスナー部材の接合面が、全面に均質に分散して配された多数の繊維製係合素子から構成されている場合にも、高い周波数成分の振動伝達を低くすることにより、発生音を低周波数側ヘシフトすることができる。
【0019】
弾性率が高い場合は固有振動数が高音側にあり、弾性率の低いものは固有振動数が低周波数側にシフトする。面ファスナーの基布についても同様に基布が硬い場合には高い音が発生し、基布が柔らかい場合には低い音が発生する。前述のように糸を屈曲させる、密度を低くする等の方法は面ファスナーの基布を柔らかくする効果があり、発生音を低音側ヘとシフトする。
【0020】
振動は横波と縦波に分けて考えることができる。横波は糸の長手方向に対して直角方向の振動である。この振動は周囲の糸、バックコーティング材との摩擦により容易に減衰する。また、制振材等を設けた場合にはさらに効率良く減衰する。一方、縦波は糸の長手方向に振動する波である。この波の伝播速度は糸の貯蔵弾性率によって決まり、減衰は糸の損失弾性率によってきまる。貯蔵弾性率と損失弾性率の比は室温では通常10:1程度であり、室温において減衰は大きくない。縦波を減衰させるには糸を屈曲させる方法が有効である。屈曲により縦波のエネルギーの一部は横波へと変換され、縦波は屈曲のたびに急速に減衰する。
【0021】
この減衰効果を高めるためには糸の屈曲角度が90°以上であることが望ましい。平織りのように糸の屈曲が小さい織り組織の場合、振動は減衰せずに広い範囲に拡散する。一方、編み組織のように糸が大きく屈曲する組織では糸の屈曲により振動は減衰し、狭い範囲の振動にとどまる。特に糸が嵩高い場合には効果が大きい。織編組織の見掛け密度を0.5g/cm以下とする場合にも、編糸が大きく屈曲すること及び柔軟であることと相まって、その減衰効果が大きい。
【0022】
糸を屈曲させ、相互に隙間を持たせることにより、高い周波数の成分は速く減衰し、低い周波数の成分のみが残る。そのため、中心の周波数は低周波数側ヘシフトする。さらには、このような基布は全体が柔らかく、弾性率が低くなるために固有振動数も低周波数側にシフトする。
【0023】
基布の密度を下げるには織編組織を粗くする方法が有効である。編みの場合、横方向の繰り返し数(ウエール密度)をN1(回/cm)とし、縦方向の繰り返し数(コース密度)をN2(回/cm)とするとき、N1+N2が5.9以上29.0以下とすると前記の条件を満たし、剥離音を低下させることができる。また、織りの場合には、例えば緯糸密度を打ち込み数18回/cm以下、経糸密度37.5本/cm以下、緯糸太さ140〜300デニール、経糸太さ140〜300デニール、ループ糸450デニールとすることにより前記条件を満たすことができる。
【0024】
更には、糸の嵩高さを調整し、密度を下げる方法として、けん縮糸を用いることもできる。けん縮糸は糸そのものが嵩高さを持っており、織編物の嵩が高くなり、見掛け密度が低下する。また、織編組織にあって、織編成時に構成糸条の一部をループ状に織り込み又は編み込むと、更に見掛け密度が小さくなり、面ファスナーの剥離時に発生する高い周波数の音を低周波数側へと効果的にシフトし、不快な音をよりまろやかな音に変換する。
【0025】
糸としての貯蔵弾性率と損失弾性率の比は混紡によっても改善できる。特にウレタン繊維等の室温付近にタンデルタのピークをもつ材質の糸を混紡すると、糸としての損失弾性率が著しく高くなる。また、LDPE(低級ポリチレン)のようにガラス転移点が低温にあり、結晶化度の小さな材料も有効である。前述のように損失弾性率を高くすると、高い音を効果的に吸収するようになり、剥離時の発生音が低音側ヘとシフトする。また、基布をレース状組織とすると振動を伝える糸が多重に屈曲され、さらに振動を伝達する糸の本数そのものが減り、見かけの密度が低下するためにさらに効果的である。
【0026】
面ファスナーの剥離時の音は面ファスナーのみから出ているのではなく、取り付けられた製品へと振動が伝達し、製品からも発生している。そのため、面ファスナーの音を小さくしただけでは不充分で、製品の特性をも考慮する必要がある。同種の面ファスナーを用いても、縫製される相手の布によって発生する音が異なる。このような違いをなくすためには、面ファスナーの基布と縫製相手の布との間に空隙形成手段をもつスペーサを介装し、振動が布へ伝達されない構造とすることも有効である。この場合、スペーサとしては音を和らげる性質を持った布を使い、これを挟み込む方法も有効である。スペーサとしては、面ファスナーの基布と同様に見掛け密度が0.5g/cm以下の布帛が適しており、前述の面ファスナーの基布と同様の理由により、振動を低周波数側ヘとシフトする役割をはたす。
【0027】
面ファスナーをスペーサーを介して生地に取り付けた場合と、直接生地に取り付けた場合の剥離音の違いを測定したところ、明らかにスペーサーを介して縫製した試験体の剥離音は低周波数側にシフトしていることが分かった。従って、剥離時の不快音の発生は抑えられている。また、それぞれの上記高周波成分比(A/B)も、直接生地に取り付けた試験体の方が、スペーサーを介して生地に縫製した試験体の値より大きい。また、直接生地に縫製した試験体について音響スペクトルの最大成分は高い周波数側に広く広がり、スペーサーを介して生地に縫製した試験体について音響スペクトルの最大成分は低い周波数に集中していた。そのため、面ファスナーをスペーサーを介して生地に縫製した試験体の剥離音が低く、不快感を与えない。
【0028】
前記面ファスナーの係合素子が立ち上がる前記基布の背面と取付対象物との間に制振手段を設けることも有効である。この制振手段としては、半径4mmで180°曲げたときの曲げ強さが0.7gf・cm/2.5cm以下の各種布帛類であることが好ましく、或いは見掛け密度0.5g/cm以下の各種布帛類からなってもよい。
【0029】
このような不快音を低減した面ファスナーを衣料に使用した場合、面ファスナーの脱着時に不快感を伴わず、好適である。一般衣料用途としては、身障者用簡易脱着下着、肩パット、下着、ユニフォーム、作業服、スキーウェアー、ブルゾン、ボトム、パンツ、スカート、ドレス、スラックス、帯等に用いることができる。手袋、ポケットカバーのとめ等の脱着を頻繁に行うものについては不快音が発生しないことが、使い心地の面から重要である。このような用途には、本発明の面ファスナーを好適に用いることができる。
【0030】
また、本発明の面ファスナーを用いれば、各種袋、かばん、財布等においても静粛な場所での開閉に気を使う必要はなく開閉が可能となる。特に音の発生が問題となる軍用、狩猟用用途として、雑納、かばん、ベスト、ジャケット、衣服、銃のホルダー、寝袋等においても、本発明の面ファスナーの使用が好ましい。新生児や幼児用の肌着、コンビ肌着、オムツ、オムツカバー、おくるみ、カバーオールに用いれば、就寝時にも音を気にすることなく、着替えや、オムツの交換が可能となる。
【0031】
文具のケース等においては教室、図書館等比較的静かな場所で開閉する必要があり、音は重要な要素である。これらの場所で使用する各種書類入れ、筆箱、結束バンド、システム手帳等に適している。また、医療用の各種用品にも面ファスナーは多く使用されている。血圧測定用の腕帯、サポーター、義肢、義足の接続、寝巻きの帯、寝巻きの合わせ部の固定、枕カバー、シーツ等に用いられているが、剥離時に不快な音がするものは好まれない。面ファスナーは運動靴等の履物にも使用されており、この様な用途においても不快音の伴わない、該面ファスナーを使用できる。
【0032】
さらに、面ファスナーは各種電子機器のケースにも使用されている。この種のケースとして、ビデオカメラ、CDプレイヤー、カメラ、カメラレンズ、等のケースを挙げることができ、これらのケースにも本発明の面ファスナーが好適に使用できる。ヘッドレストのカバーや、シートカバー、カーテンベルト等の車両用の用途にも適用が可能である。更には、カーペットのずれ防止、カーテンベルト、壁紙の固定用にも、本発明の面ファスナーは好適である。
【0033】
【発明の実施形態】
以下、本発明の好適な実施形態を図面に従って具体的に説明する。
面ファスナーの剥離時に発生する音は、図1に示すような波形の音を発生する。同図から理解できるように、このときの発生音は離散的で、鋭く、減衰の速い音である。図2は、そのうちの1つの音を拡大している。図2からも理解できるように、1回の剥離音は高い周波数の音であるが、その僅かに0.1秒足らずで、瞬間的に減衰するのが特徴である。一般的に、このような音は耳障りな音である。これらの音から高い周波数成分を取り除くと音の質感が変化し、まろやかな音に変化する。
【0034】
表1の試料について剥離音を測定した結果を図3に示した。このときの測定は、マイクロホンを繊維製面ファスナーから65mm離れたところに設置し、その剥離時の発生音を測定している。同表に示す基布構造のうち、通常製品(織り)は、平織りに近い組織の織物である。また、同表の通常製品(起毛)は起毛織物である。一方、編みは経編み組織からなり、その見掛け上の密度も低く、編み組織のために構成糸は大きく屈曲している。編み組織を採用すると、見かけの密度と糸の屈曲の効果が相乗的に反映して、発生音を大きく低音側へとシフトする。
【0035】
面ファスナーの剥離時に発生する音の周波数が3000Hz以下の成分を数値積分した面積をAとし、3000Hz以上の成分を同様に数値積分した面積をBとしたとき、その比A/Bの値を高周波成分比と呼ぶこととする。この高周波成分比が0.4以上であれば、不快な音とは感じられない。図3に示す各試験体の高周波成分比は、通常の織り製品で0.164、起毛製品(起毛) で0.204、編み製品で1.075であった。また、音響スペクトルの最大成分は通常製品(織り) で5330Hz、通常製品(起毛) で3070Hz、編みで420Hzであった。編みは剥離音が明らかに他の試験体に比べて、低音に聞こえ、不快感のないものであった。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 2004173819
【0037】
本発明においては面ファスナーの基布の密度を低くし、基布を柔らかくし、基布の弾性率を低くし、高い周波数成分の振動伝達を低くすることにより、発生音は確実に低周波数側ヘとシフトする。具体的に基布の高音の振動伝達を低くする方法として、基布を構成する糸条を直線的とはせずに、できるかぎり大きく屈曲した組織を採用することが効果的である。また、基布の密度を低くし、特に見掛け密度を0.5g/cm以下とした場合にはさらに効果的である。
【0038】
振動は横波と縦波に分けられ、縦波を減衰させるには糸を屈曲させる方法が有効である。屈曲により縦波のエネルギーの一部は横波へと変換され、縦波は屈曲のたびに急速に減衰する。この減衰効果を高めるためには糸の屈曲角度が90°以上であることが望ましい。平織りのように糸の屈曲が小さい織り組織の場合、振動は減衰せずに広い範囲に拡散する。一方、編み組織のように糸が大きく屈曲する組織では糸の屈曲により振動は減衰し、狭い範囲の振動にとどまる。
【0039】
特に糸が嵩高い場合には効果が大きい。織編組織の見掛け密度が0.5g/cm以下の場合にも、その減衰効果が大きい。弾性率が高い場合は固有振動数が高音側にあり、弾性率の低いものは固有振動数が低周波数側にシフトする。面ファスナーの基布についても同様に基布が硬い場合には高い音が発生し、基布が柔らかい場合には低い音が発生する。前述のように糸を屈曲させる、密度を低くする等の方法は面ファスナーの基布を柔らかくする効果があり、発生音を低音側ヘと効果的にシフトする。
【0040】
面ファスナーの基布の硬さはカトーテックの順曲げ試験機KES−F2により曲げに必要な力として求めることができる。KES−F2は、図4に示すような動きをする。固定チャック1と可動チャック2とが所要の間隔をおいて配され、固定チャック1と可動チャック2とにより両端が挟まれた試料は、可動チャック2が一律の曲率をもつ軌道上を移動するに伴い曲げられる。すなわち、可動チャック2は一定の曲率を保つように首を振りながら移動する。このとき測定可能な試料の最小曲率は4mmである。このような方法により曲率が4.0mmのときの固定チャック1にかかるモーメントを求めて、基布の柔らかさを評価する。曲げる角度を180°として、試料の曲げ強さを求めた。データは幅を25mmに換算して、25mmあたりの曲げ強さとして比較した。
【0041】
雄雌の面ファスナーについて、その係合素子を削り落とし、基布のみについて前述の方法により曲げ強さを測定した。曲げ強さとして、雄雌の面ファスナー基布の測定値の和を取った。発生音は騒音計を試料から65mmの距離において測定した。結果は、図5に示すように、曲げ強さが大きくなると発生音が大きくなった。通常の面ファスナーの曲げ強さの和は46gf・cm/2.5cmであり、その剥離時の発生音は95dBであった。これに対して、基布の曲げの和を19gf・cm/2.5cmとした場合には75dBまで低下した。このような関係から、明確に音の違いのわかる10dB低下点を求めると、基布の曲げの和は36gf・cm/2.5cmであればよいことが分かる。
【0042】
また、剥離時に発生する音のフーリエ変換したスペクトルの主ピークは、曲げ強さ46gf・cm/2.5cmのものは約3670Hzであったが、19gf・cm/2.5cmのものは775Hzまで低温側へとシフトして低下した。図6から、高周波成分比(A/B)は、46gf・cm/2.5cmでは0.29であるのに対して、19gf・cm/2.5cmでは0.67であることが分かる。また、同図から曲げ強さと高周波成分比の関係は直線的であると考えてよい。
【0043】
この高周波成分比が0.4となるときの曲げ強さは36gf・cm/2.5cmであり、本発明で規定する高周波成分比が0.4以上、すなわち曲げ強さが36gf・cm/2.5cm以下とすれば、面ファスナーの剥離時に不快な音を発生させないで済むことが分かる。また、図5によっても理解できるように、曲げ強さが36gf・cm/2.5cm以下であれば、剥離音の大きさも通常品よりも10dB以上低下し、音も小さくなったと感じることができる。
【0044】
糸を屈曲させ、相互に隙間を持たせることにより、高い周波数の成分は速く減衰し、低い周波数の成分のみが残る。そのため、中心の高い周波数は低周波数側ヘとシフトする。さらには、このような基布は全体が柔らかく、弾性率が低くなるために固有振動数も低周波数側へと大きくシフトする。
【0045】
基布の密度を下げるには織編組織を粗くする方法が有効である。編構造の場合、横方向の繰り返し数(ウエール密度)をN1(回/cm)とし、縦方向の繰り返し数(コース密度)をN2(回/cm)とするとき、N1+N2が5.9以上29.0以下にすると、組織が粗くなり剥離音を低下させることができる。また、織構造の場合には、経糸密度を37.5(本/cm)以下、緯糸密度を18.0(本/cm)以下、緯糸太さ140〜300デニール、経糸太さ140〜300デニール、ループ糸450デニールとすることにより、組織が粗くなり剥離音を低下させることができる。
【0046】
さらにはかさ高さを調整し、密度を下げる方法として、けん縮糸を用いることもできる。けん縮糸は糸そのものが嵩高さを持っており、織編物が嵩高くなり、密度が低下し、曲げ強さも低下する。
【0047】
糸としての貯蔵弾性率と損失弾性率の比は混紡により改善できる。特にウレタン繊維等の室温付近にタンデルタのピークをもつ材質の糸を混紡すると糸としての損失弾性率が著しく高くなる。また、LDPEの様にガラス転移点が低温にあり、結晶化度の小さな材料も有効である。前記の様に損失弾性率を高くすると高い音を効果的に吸収するようになり、剥離時の発生音が低音側ヘシフトする。また、基布をレース状組織とすると振動を伝える糸が多重に屈曲され、さらに振動を伝達する糸の本数そのものが減り、見掛けの密度が低下するためにさらに効果的である。
【0048】
面ファスナーの剥離時の音は面ファスナーのみから出ているのではなく、取り付けられた製品へ振動が伝達し、製品からも発生している。そのため、面ファスナーの音を小さくしただけでは不充分で、製品の特性も考慮する必要がある。同じ面ファスナーを用いても縫製される相手の布によって、発生する音が異なる。このような違いをなくすためには、面ファスナー基布と布の間に空隙を設け、振動が布へ伝達されない構造とすることが有効である。また、スペーサとして音を和らげる性質を持った布を挟み込む方法も有効である。スペーサとしては面ファスナー基布と同様に、曲げ強さで評価することができ、曲げ強さが0.7gf・cm/2.5cm以下の布が適しており、既述した面ファスナーの基布と同様な理由により、振動を低周波数側ヘとシフトする役割をはたす。
【0049】
面ファスナーをスペーサを介して生地に取り付けた場合と、直接生地に取り付けた場合の違いを図7に示した。試験体Pは、タフタ生地に表1に示した編みを基布とする面ファスナーを直接取り付けこたものであり、試験体Pは、スペーサを介してタフタ生地に同様の面ファスナーを取り付けたものである。これらの試料P,Pについて、既述の方法により剥離音を測定し、FFTにより音響スペクトルとして図7に示している。スペーサとして曲げ強さ0.38gf・cm/2.5cmのパイル織物を用いた。
【0050】
同図から明らかなように、スペーサを介して縫製した試験体の剥離音は低周波数側にシフトしている。従って、剥離時の不快音の発生は抑えられている。またそれぞれの音の大きさは、直接タフタ生地(曲げ強さ0.90gf・cm/2.5cm)に縫製した試験体Pについて88dBであり、スペーサを介してタフタ生地に縫製した試験体Pでは75dBであった。また、音響スペクトルの最大成分は直接タフタ生地に縫製した試験体Pについては3340Hz、スペーサを介してタフタ生地に縫製した試験体Pについては2200Hzであった。スペーサを介してタフタ生地に縫製した試験体Pは剥離音が低く、不快感を与えないものであった。
【0051】
次に、本発明の典型的な実施例を具体的数値に基づき説明する。
【実施例1】
曲げ強さを12.3gf・cm/2.5cm、見掛け密度を0.45g/cmとした編構造の基布によるループと基布の曲げ強さを6.3gf・cm/2.5cm、見掛け密度を0.40g/cmとした織構造のフックを組み合わせ、剥離音を測定した。剥離音の最大成分の周波数は700Hzであり、高周波成分比は1.05であった。この剥離音は低く、耳障りではなかった。
【0052】
【実施例2】
人工皮革でできた鞄の蓋の止めに面ファスナーを用いた製品において、面ファスナーとして曲げ強さを12.3gf・cm/2.5cm、見掛け密度を0.45g/cmの編み基布を用いた面ファスナーを用い、面ファスナーと該人工皮革の間に、曲げ強さを0.5gf・cm/2.5cm、見掛け密度を0.42g/cmのニット生地を挟み込んで縫製した。鞄の蓋を開けるときに発生する音の最大成分の周波数は約900Hzであり、高周波成分比は1.3であった。この音は通常の面ファスナーを取り付けた鞄の蓋を開けるときの音に比べて、極めて低く、耳障りではなかった。
【0053】
【実施例3】
手首部分に固定用の面ファスナーを有するゴルフ用手袋にあって、面ファスナーとして曲げ強さを12.3gf・cm/2.5cm、見掛け密度を0.42g/cmの編み構造を有する基布を用いたループを有する雌面ファスナーと、曲げ強さを6.3gf・cm/2.5cm、見掛け密度を0.40g/cmの織構造を有するフックを有する雄面ファスナーとを用いた。更に、各面ファスナーと手袋基布の間に曲げ強さを0.5gf・cm/2.5cm、見掛け密度を0.35g/cmのニット生地を挟み、ミシンにより縫製した。面ファスナーの剥離音の最大成分の周波数は700Hzであった。高周波成分比は0.91であり、剥離音は低く、耳障りではなかった。
【0054】
以上は、本発明の代表的な実施形態を説明するものであり、これらの実施形態に限定されず、例えば面ファスナーの基布やスペーサの素材、組織、構成繊維の太さなど、本発明の請求の範囲内において、その用途により任意に選択できるものであって、多様な変形が可能であることは上述の説明からも明らかであろう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】面ファスナーの剥離時に発生する音の時間−出力に関する特性図である。
【図2】図1の一部を拡大して示す特性図である。
【図3】面ファスナーの基布構造による剥離時の発生音の差異を比較して示す周波数−相対強度の比較特性図である。
【図4】面ファスナーの基布の曲げ強さの測定機構の概略説明図である。
【図5】前記基布の曲げ強さと発生音の相関図である。
【図6】前記基布の曲げ強さと高周波成分比の相関図である。
【図7】面ファスナー取付製品に取付構造の差異による剥離時の発生音の相対強度の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 固定チャック
2 可動チャック
スペーサなし試験体
スペーサ付き試験体[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surface fastener made of fiber and a surface fastener-attached product to which the same surface fastener is attached, and more particularly, to a fiber-made surface fastener with a small sound at the time of peeling and an attachment product of the surface fastener.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, two U.S. patents have disclosed a method of reducing the sound when the surface fastener is peeled off. According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,776,068 (Quiet Touch Fastener Material (1986)), which is one of them, the tape which is the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener has a lattice structure so that energy into the air can be transferred. It is said to reduce propagation. Another one, U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,323 (Quiet Touch Fastener Attachment System (1989)), has a mounting member between a hook-and-loop fastener member and a cloth to be attached. Disclosed is a method of separating a cloth and a hook-and-loop fastener via a mounting member, or a method of attaching a sound absorbing material to the back of the hook-and-loop fastener member to increase the volume of the base fabric itself and suppress vibration during peeling. Have been. According to these methods, the hook-and-loop fastener is attached only to the edge portion by sewing or the like, and there is no element for fixing the hook-and-loop fastener to the fabric in the center portion. When a different sound-absorbing material is attached to the back surface of the base material, the volume of the base fabric at the portion where the hook-and-loop fastener is attached increases, the appearance and touch are reduced, and the user feels extremely uncomfortable. There is also a problem that the sewing method becomes complicated and the number of steps increases.
[0003]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-103 discloses a hook-and-loop fastener having a vibration absorbing material on the back surface of a base cloth. In order to obtain a sufficient effect by this method, the weight of the vibration absorber must be sufficient, and there is a disadvantage that the surface fastener becomes thick. They also note that these techniques keep the loudness of the peeling noise low. However, there are unpleasant sounds and sounds that are not unpleasant in human hearing. It is not enough to simply reduce the sound, and it is important not to make the sound uncomfortable.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,776,068
[Patent Document 2]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,323
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-6-103
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A relatively loud noise is generated when the surface fastener is peeled off. This abnormal noise is a sound generated when the base fabric vibrates. When each of the engagement elements is separated, a sound is always generated, and it is difficult to completely eliminate the generation of the sound.
[0006]
In the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 to 3, the generated sound is reduced by a method of reducing the rate at which the vibration of the base cloth is transmitted to the air. However, these methods do not take sound quality into consideration, and cannot be said to be sufficient as a product if the sound quality is unpleasant even if the generated sound is small. Also, when the hook-and-loop fastener is sewn on a product, the sound quality changes. Therefore, it is necessary to consider not only the hook-and-loop fastener but also the change in the sound quality of the entire product when the hook-and-loop fastener is attached.
[0007]
The present invention shifts the sound quality of the peeling sound generated by the hook-and-loop fastener itself to the low-frequency side to reduce discomfort, and also shifts the peeling sound generated by the product to which the hook-and-loop fastener is attached to the low-frequency side, thereby reducing discomfort. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface fastener made of fiber and a product equipped with the same fastener.
[0008]
Means for Solving the Problems and Functions and Effects
The present invention focuses on the sound quality of the sound generated when the hook-and-loop fastener is peeled off, and reduces components that cause discomfort from a comparison of acoustic spectra by Fourier transform, and reduces the generated sound itself to eliminate discomfort. Things. We have also developed a means to reduce the frequency of peeling noise.
[0009]
In Patent Document 1, the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener has a lattice structure to reduce the efficiency with which vibrations are transmitted to the air, and furthermore, to reduce noise by attaching a mass material to the back surface. In Patent Document 2, a mounting system is provided on the back surface to separate the cloth on which the hook-and-loop fastener is mounted and the base cloth of the hook-and-loop fastener, thereby preventing the transmission of vibration from the base cloth to the cloth.
[0010]
As a result of the inventors' experiments, the generation of abnormal noise from the hook-and-loop fastener is such that the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener in which the engaging elements are engaged is strongly pulled by the hook and the loop, and then pulled when the engagement is released. It was found that the base cloth was instantaneously restored to the original state. At this time, it is considered that the vibration is transmitted to the air as a speaker cone and transmitted as sound. The lattice-like structure disclosed in Patent Document 1 corresponds to making a hole in a speaker cone, and suppresses the efficiency of transmitting vibration to air.
[0011]
The techniques shown in all of Patent Documents 1 to 3 focus on only reducing the sound, and no studies have been made on the sound quality. The sound generated when the surface fastener is peeled is a discrete, sharp, fast-decaying sound. Generally, such sounds are harsh sounds. Removing high frequency components from these sounds changes the texture of the sound, resulting in a mellow sound.
[0012]
It is convenient to use the acoustic spectrum for such sound comparison. The acoustic spectrum is expressed with frequency on the horizontal axis and intensity on the vertical axis. The acoustic spectrum is obtained by Fourier transform. Usually, a computer performs a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The FFT requires 2 factorial data, and the resolution depends on the number of data. The lowest frequency that can be analyzed is determined by the sampling time. Also, the highest frequency is determined by the sampling period. Therefore, when discussing the acoustic spectrum, it is important to specify the analysis range. Normally, the acoustic spectrum is indicated by a logarithm on both the vertical and horizontal axes.
[0013]
A first basic configuration of the present invention is a surface fastener having a joining surface having a large number of fiber engaging elements on one surface of a flat base fabric made of a fiber structural material, and has a region of 100 Hz to 15000 Hz. The ratio (A / B) of the area A of the region from 100 Hz to 3000 Hz and the area B of the region from 3000 Hz to 15000 Hz of the acoustic spectrum of the peeling sound Fourier-transformed is 0.4 or more.
[0014]
According to experiments by the inventors, it was found that sound quality could be evaluated by comparing the area before and after 3000 Hz in a frequency range between 100 Hz and 150,000 Hz. A peeling sound including many high frequencies of 3000 Hz or more is harsh and unpleasant, and a mellow sound when the amount is small. When the ratio (A / B) of the area A of the region from 100 Hz to 3000 Hz and the area B of the region from 3000 Hz to 15000 Hz of the acoustic spectrum of the Fourier-transformed peeling sound is 0.4 or less, the peeling sound is harsh and I feel uncomfortable.
[0015]
Furthermore, if the maximum component of the acoustic spectrum of the Fourier-transformed peeling sound in the range of 100 Hz to 15000 Hz is lower than 3000 Hz, the peeling sound does not feel unpleasant. In particular, in a surface fastener provided with a bonding surface having a large number of fiber engaging elements on one surface of a flat base cloth, the acoustic spectrum of the peeling sound subjected to Fourier transform in the range of 100 Hz to 15000 Hz is 100 Hz to 3000 Hz. The ratio (A / B) of the area A of the area to the area B of the area from 3000 Hz to 15000 Hz is 0.4 or more, and the maximum component of the acoustic spectrum of the separated sound Fourier-transformed in the area from 100 Hz to 15000 Hz is 3000 Hz or more. At low frequencies, there is almost no unpleasant feeling without harshness.
[0016]
In the present invention, the inventors have further found that the hardness of the hook-and-loop fastener base fabric affects sound quality. If the hook-and-loop fastener base fabric is made more flexible and a gap is provided, the sound quality of the sound generated at the time of peeling can be shifted to the lower frequency side, and the unpleasant sound at the time of peeling becomes more mellow sound. Can be converted.
[0017]
Specifically, by lowering the density of the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener, softening the base fabric, lowering the elastic modulus of the base fabric, and lowering the transmission of vibration of high frequency components, the generated sound is shifted to the lower frequency side. I do. Furthermore, as a method of reducing the transmission of high-frequency vibrations of the base cloth, it is effective to adopt a structure in which the threads constituting the base cloth are bent as much as possible without making them linear. At the same time, the density of the base fabric, especially its apparent density, is 0.5 g / cm. 3 It is more effective when the value is set as below.
[0018]
The sum of the bending strengths of the respective base fabrics when the base fabrics of the male and female surface fastener members are bent at 180 ° with a radius of 4.0 mm is 36 gf · cm / 2.5 cm or less, and at least one surface Even when the joining surface of the fastener member is composed of a large number of fiber-made engaging elements uniformly distributed over the entire surface, by lowering the vibration transmission of high frequency components, the generated sound can be reduced in frequency. Can be shifted to the side.
[0019]
When the elastic modulus is high, the natural frequency is on the high frequency side, and when the elastic modulus is low, the natural frequency is shifted to the low frequency side. Similarly, the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener produces a high sound when the base fabric is hard, and produces a low sound when the base fabric is soft. As described above, methods such as bending the yarn and lowering the density have the effect of softening the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener, and shift the generated sound to the lower sound side.
[0020]
Vibration can be considered separately for shear waves and longitudinal waves. A transverse wave is a vibration in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the yarn. This vibration is easily attenuated by friction with the surrounding yarn and the back coating material. Further, when a vibration damping material or the like is provided, the vibration is attenuated more efficiently. On the other hand, longitudinal waves are waves that vibrate in the longitudinal direction of the yarn. The speed of propagation of this wave is determined by the storage modulus of the yarn, and the attenuation is determined by the loss modulus of the yarn. The ratio between the storage modulus and the loss modulus is usually about 10: 1 at room temperature, and the attenuation is not large at room temperature. To attenuate longitudinal waves, a method of bending the yarn is effective. The bending converts part of the energy of the longitudinal wave into a shear wave, and the longitudinal wave attenuates rapidly with each bending.
[0021]
In order to enhance this damping effect, the bending angle of the yarn is desirably 90 ° or more. In the case of a woven structure in which the bending of the yarn is small, such as a plain weave, the vibration is not attenuated but spreads over a wide range. On the other hand, in a structure in which the yarn is largely bent, such as a knitting structure, the vibration is attenuated by the bending of the yarn and stays in a narrow range. This is particularly effective when the yarn is bulky. The apparent density of the woven or knitted structure is 0.5 g / cm. 3 Also in the following cases, the knitting yarn has a large damping effect in combination with the large bending and flexibility.
[0022]
By bending the yarn and leaving a gap between each other, high frequency components are attenuated quickly, leaving only low frequency components. Therefore, the center frequency shifts to the lower frequency side. Further, such a base fabric is soft as a whole and has a low elastic modulus, so that the natural frequency also shifts to a lower frequency side.
[0023]
In order to lower the density of the base fabric, a method of roughening the weaving and knitting structure is effective. In the case of knitting, when the number of repetitions in the horizontal direction (wale density) is N1 (times / cm) and the number of repetitions in the vertical direction (course density) is N2 (times / cm), N1 + N2 is 5.9 or more. When the value is 0 or less, the above condition is satisfied, and the peeling sound can be reduced. In the case of weaving, for example, the weft density is 18 times / cm or less, the warp density is 37.5 yarns / cm or less, the weft thickness is 140 to 300 denier, the warp thickness is 140 to 300 denier, and the loop yarn is 450 denier. By doing so, the above condition can be satisfied.
[0024]
Furthermore, as a method of adjusting the bulkiness of the yarn and reducing the density, a crimped yarn can be used. In the crimped yarn, the yarn itself has bulkiness, the bulk of the woven or knitted fabric increases, and the apparent density decreases. Also, in the weaving and knitting structure, when weaving or knitting a part of the constituent yarns in a loop at the time of weaving knitting, the apparent density further decreases, and the high frequency sound generated at the time of peeling of the surface fastener is shifted to the lower frequency side. Effectively shifts and converts unpleasant sounds to more mellow sounds.
[0025]
The ratio of the storage modulus to the loss modulus as a yarn can also be improved by blending. In particular, when a yarn such as a urethane fiber having a tan delta peak near room temperature is blended, the loss elastic modulus of the yarn becomes extremely high. Further, a material having a low glass transition point and a low degree of crystallinity, such as LDPE (lower polyethylene), is also effective. As described above, when the loss elastic modulus is increased, a high sound is effectively absorbed, and a sound generated at the time of peeling is shifted to a lower sound side. Further, when the base fabric has a lace-like structure, the yarn transmitting vibration is bent multiple times, the number of the yarn transmitting vibration itself is reduced, and the apparent density is reduced, which is more effective.
[0026]
The sound when the hook-and-loop fastener is peeled off is not only emitted from the hook-and-loop fastener but also transmitted from the product to the attached product and generated from the product. Therefore, it is not sufficient to reduce the sound of the hook-and-loop fastener, and it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the product. Even when the same type of hook-and-loop fastener is used, the sound generated differs depending on the cloth to be sewn. In order to eliminate such a difference, it is also effective to provide a spacer having a void forming means between the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener and the fabric of the sewing partner so that vibration is not transmitted to the fabric. In this case, it is also effective to use a cloth having a property of softening a sound as the spacer and sandwich the cloth. The apparent density of the spacer is 0.5 g / cm, similarly to the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener. 3 The following fabrics are suitable, and serve to shift the vibration to the lower frequency side for the same reason as the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener described above.
[0027]
When the difference in the peeling sound between the case where the hook-and-loop fastener was attached to the fabric via the spacer and the case where it was directly attached to the fabric was measured, the peeling sound of the specimen sewn via the spacer clearly shifted to the lower frequency side. I knew it was. Therefore, the generation of unpleasant noise at the time of peeling is suppressed. Also, the respective high-frequency component ratios (A / B) of the test pieces directly attached to the cloth are larger than those of the test pieces sewn to the cloth via the spacer. In addition, the maximum component of the acoustic spectrum of the test piece directly sewn on the fabric was widely spread to the high frequency side, and the maximum component of the acoustic spectrum of the test sample sewn on the fabric via the spacer was concentrated at a low frequency. For this reason, the peeling sound of the test body in which the hook-and-loop fastener is sewn to the cloth via the spacer is low, and does not cause discomfort.
[0028]
It is also effective to provide vibration damping means between the back surface of the base cloth where the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener rises and the object to be attached. As this vibration damping means, it is preferable to use various kinds of fabrics having a bending strength of 0.7 gf · cm / 2.5 cm or less when bent at 180 ° with a radius of 4 mm, or an apparent density of 0.5 g / cm. 3 It may be composed of the following various fabrics.
[0029]
It is preferable to use the hook-and-loop fastener in which such unpleasant sound is reduced without discomfort when attaching and removing the hook-and-loop fastener. For general clothing use, it can be used for easily removable underwear for the disabled, shoulder pads, underwear, uniforms, work clothes, ski wear, blousons, bottoms, pants, skirts, dresses, slacks, belts and the like. It is important from the viewpoint of usability that unpleasant sounds are not generated for gloves, pocket covers, etc. which are frequently attached and detached. For such applications, the surface fastener of the present invention can be suitably used.
[0030]
Further, if the hook-and-loop fastener of the present invention is used, various bags, bags, purses and the like can be opened and closed without having to pay attention to opening and closing in a quiet place. In particular, the use of the hook-and-loop fastener of the present invention is also preferred for use in miscellaneous goods, bags, vests, jackets, clothes, gun holders, sleeping bags, etc. for military and hunting applications where sound generation is a problem. If used for underwear for newborns and infants, underwear for diapers, diapers, diaper covers, swaddles, and coveralls, it is possible to change clothes and change diapers at bedtime without worrying about sound.
[0031]
Stationery cases need to be opened and closed in relatively quiet places such as classrooms and libraries, and sound is an important factor. It is suitable for various types of documents, pencil cases, binding bands, system notebooks, etc. used in these places. In addition, hook-and-loop fasteners are often used in various medical supplies. It is used for armbands, supporters, prostheses, prosthetic limb connections, bedclothes belts, fixing of sleepwear mating parts, pillowcases, sheets, etc. I can't. The hook-and-loop fastener is also used for footwear such as athletic shoes, and the hook-and-loop fastener which is not accompanied by unpleasant sound can be used in such applications.
[0032]
Further, hook-and-loop fasteners are also used for cases of various electronic devices. Examples of this type of case include a case of a video camera, a CD player, a camera, a camera lens, and the like, and the hook-and-loop fastener of the present invention can also be suitably used in these cases. The present invention can also be applied to headrest covers, vehicle covers such as seat covers and curtain belts. Furthermore, the hook-and-loop fastener of the present invention is also suitable for prevention of carpet slippage, fixing of a curtain belt, and wallpaper.
[0033]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
The sound generated when the surface fastener is peeled off has a waveform having a waveform as shown in FIG. As can be understood from the figure, the sound generated at this time is a discrete, sharp, fast-decaying sound. FIG. 2 enlarges one of the sounds. As can be understood from FIG. 2, one peeling sound is a high-frequency sound, but is characterized by a momentary attenuation in less than 0.1 second. Generally, such sounds are harsh. When high frequency components are removed from these sounds, the texture of the sound changes, and the sound changes to a mellow sound.
[0034]
FIG. 3 shows the results of measuring the peeling sound for the samples in Table 1. At this time, the microphone was placed at a distance of 65 mm from the fiber surface fastener, and the sound generated when the microphone was peeled off was measured. Of the base fabric structures shown in the table, a normal product (weave) is a woven fabric having a structure similar to a plain weave. The normal product (napping) in the table is a napping fabric. On the other hand, the knitting has a warp knitting structure, the apparent density thereof is low, and the constituent yarns are largely bent due to the knitting structure. When a knitting structure is employed, the apparent density and the effect of the bending of the yarn are synergistically reflected, and the generated sound is largely shifted to a lower sound side.
[0035]
When the area where the frequency of the sound generated at the time of peeling of the surface fastener is 3000 Hz or less is numerically integrated is A and the area where the 3000 Hz or more component is numerically integrated is B, the value of the ratio A / B is the high frequency. It is referred to as a component ratio. If the high frequency component ratio is 0.4 or more, no unpleasant sound is felt. The high frequency component ratio of each specimen shown in FIG. 3 was 0.164 for a normal woven product, 0.204 for a brushed product (napping), and 1.075 for a knitted product. The maximum component of the acoustic spectrum was 5330 Hz for the normal product (woven), 3070 Hz for the normal product (napping), and 420 Hz for the knitting. In the knitting, the peeling sound was clearly lower than that of the other test pieces, and there was no discomfort.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004173819
[0037]
In the present invention, the density of the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener is reduced, the base fabric is softened, the elastic modulus of the base fabric is reduced, and the vibration transmission of high frequency components is reduced, so that the generated sound is reliably on the low frequency side. Shift to f. Specifically, as a method of reducing the transmission of high-frequency vibrations of the base cloth, it is effective to adopt a structure in which the yarns constituting the base cloth are not bent linearly but are bent as greatly as possible. Further, the density of the base cloth is reduced, and the apparent density is particularly set to 0.5 g / cm. 3 It is more effective when the following is set.
[0038]
The vibration is divided into a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave, and a method of bending the yarn is effective to attenuate the longitudinal wave. The bending converts part of the energy of the longitudinal wave into a shear wave, and the longitudinal wave attenuates rapidly with each bending. In order to enhance this damping effect, the bending angle of the yarn is desirably 90 ° or more. In the case of a woven structure in which the bending of the yarn is small, such as a plain weave, the vibration is not attenuated but spreads over a wide range. On the other hand, in a structure in which the yarn is largely bent, such as a knitting structure, the vibration is attenuated by the bending of the yarn, and the vibration is limited to a narrow range.
[0039]
This is particularly effective when the yarn is bulky. The apparent density of the woven or knitted structure is 0.5 g / cm. 3 Also in the following cases, the damping effect is large. When the elastic modulus is high, the natural frequency is on the high frequency side, and when the elastic modulus is low, the natural frequency is shifted to the low frequency side. Similarly, the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener produces a high sound when the base fabric is hard, and produces a low sound when the base fabric is soft. As described above, methods such as bending the thread and reducing the density have the effect of softening the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener, and effectively shift the generated sound to the lower tone side.
[0040]
The hardness of the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener can be obtained as a force required for bending by Kato Tech's forward bending tester KES-F2. The KES-F2 moves as shown in FIG. A fixed chuck 1 and a movable chuck 2 are arranged at a predetermined interval, and a sample whose both ends are sandwiched between the fixed chuck 1 and the movable chuck 2 is moved on a track having a uniform curvature. It is bent with it. That is, the movable chuck 2 moves while shaking the head so as to maintain a constant curvature. At this time, the minimum curvature of the sample that can be measured is 4 mm. By such a method, the moment applied to the fixed chuck 1 when the curvature is 4.0 mm is obtained, and the softness of the base cloth is evaluated. The bending strength of the sample was determined by setting the bending angle to 180 °. The data was converted to a width of 25 mm and compared as the bending strength per 25 mm.
[0041]
The engaging elements of the male and female hook-and-loop fasteners were scraped off, and the bending strength of only the base fabric was measured by the method described above. The sum of the measured values of the male and female hook-and-loop fastener base fabrics was taken as the bending strength. The generated sound was measured with a sound level meter at a distance of 65 mm from the sample. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the generated sound increased as the bending strength increased. The sum of the bending strengths of the normal surface fastener was 46 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, and the sound generated at the time of peeling was 95 dB. On the other hand, when the sum of the bending of the base fabric was set to 19 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, it decreased to 75 dB. From such a relationship, when a 10 dB drop point at which the difference in sound is clearly determined is obtained, it is understood that the sum of the bending of the base cloth should be 36 gf · cm / 2.5 cm.
[0042]
The main peak of the Fourier-transformed spectrum of the sound generated at the time of peeling was about 3670 Hz with a bending strength of 46 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, but was low at 775 Hz with a bending strength of 19 gf · cm / 2.5 cm. Shifted to the side and dropped. FIG. 6 shows that the high frequency component ratio (A / B) is 0.29 at 46 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, and 0.67 at 19 gf · cm / 2.5 cm. Further, it can be considered from the figure that the relationship between the bending strength and the high-frequency component ratio is linear.
[0043]
The bending strength when the high frequency component ratio is 0.4 is 36 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, and the high frequency component ratio defined in the present invention is 0.4 or more, that is, the bending strength is 36 gf · cm / 2. It is understood that when the thickness is set to 0.5 cm or less, an unpleasant sound is not generated when the hook-and-loop fastener is peeled off. Also, as can be understood from FIG. 5, when the bending strength is 36 gf · cm / 2.5 cm or less, the loudness of the peeling sound is reduced by 10 dB or more compared to the normal product, and it can be felt that the sound is reduced. .
[0044]
By bending the yarn and leaving a gap between each other, high frequency components are attenuated quickly, leaving only low frequency components. Therefore, the center high frequency shifts to the low frequency side. Further, such a base fabric is soft as a whole and has a low elastic modulus, so that the natural frequency is largely shifted to a lower frequency side.
[0045]
In order to lower the density of the base fabric, a method of roughening the weaving and knitting structure is effective. In the case of a knitted structure, when the number of repetitions in the horizontal direction (wale density) is N1 (times / cm) and the number of repetitions in the vertical direction (course density) is N2 (times / cm), N1 + N2 is 5.9 or more and 29. When it is less than 0.0, the texture becomes coarse and the peeling sound can be reduced. In the case of a woven structure, the warp density is 37.5 (lines / cm) or less, the weft density is 18.0 (lines / cm) or less, the weft thickness is 140 to 300 denier, and the warp thickness is 140 to 300 denier. By using 450 denier loop yarn, the texture becomes coarse and the peeling sound can be reduced.
[0046]
Furthermore, as a method of adjusting the bulk height and reducing the density, crimped yarn can be used. In crimped yarn, the yarn itself has bulkiness, the woven or knitted fabric becomes bulky, the density decreases, and the bending strength also decreases.
[0047]
The ratio of storage modulus to loss modulus as a yarn can be improved by blending. Particularly, when a yarn of a material having a tan delta peak near room temperature, such as urethane fiber, is blended, the loss elastic modulus of the yarn becomes extremely high. Further, a material having a low glass transition point and a low crystallinity, such as LDPE, is also effective. As described above, when the loss elastic modulus is increased, a high sound is effectively absorbed, and a sound generated at the time of peeling is shifted to a lower sound side. Further, when the base fabric has a lace-like structure, the yarn transmitting vibration is bent multiple times, and the number of yarn transmitting vibration itself is reduced, and the apparent density is reduced, which is more effective.
[0048]
The sound at the time of peeling of the hook-and-loop fastener is not only emitted from the hook-and-loop fastener, but also transmitted from the attached product and generated from the product. Therefore, it is not sufficient to reduce the sound of the hook-and-loop fastener, and it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the product. Even when the same hook-and-loop fastener is used, the generated sound varies depending on the cloth to be sewn. In order to eliminate such a difference, it is effective to provide a gap between the hook-and-loop fastener base cloth and the cloth so that vibration is not transmitted to the cloth. It is also effective to insert a cloth having a property of softening sound as a spacer. The spacer can be evaluated in terms of bending strength as in the case of the surface fastener base cloth, and a cloth having a bending strength of 0.7 gf · cm / 2.5 cm or less is suitable. For the same reason as described above, it serves to shift the vibration to the lower frequency side.
[0049]
FIG. 7 shows the difference between the case where the hook-and-loop fastener was attached to the fabric via the spacer and the case where it was directly attached to the fabric. Specimen P 1 Is obtained by directly attaching a hook-and-loop fastener based on the knitting shown in Table 1 to taffeta cloth. 2 Is obtained by attaching a similar surface fastener to taffeta cloth via a spacer. These samples P 1 , P 2 , The peeling sound was measured by the method described above, and is shown in FIG. 7 as an acoustic spectrum by FFT. A pile fabric having a bending strength of 0.38 gf · cm / 2.5 cm was used as a spacer.
[0050]
As is apparent from the figure, the peeling sound of the test specimen sewn via the spacer is shifted to the lower frequency side. Therefore, the generation of unpleasant noise at the time of peeling is suppressed. The loudness of each sound was measured using a test piece P directly sewn on taffeta cloth (bending strength 0.90 gf · cm / 2.5 cm). 1 Is 88 dB, and a test piece P sewn on taffeta cloth via a spacer 2 Was 75 dB. The maximum component of the acoustic spectrum is the specimen P directly sewn on taffeta cloth. 1 About 3340 Hz, a test piece P sewn on taffeta cloth via a spacer 2 Was 2200 Hz. Specimen P sewn on taffeta fabric via spacer 2 Had a low peeling sound and did not give any discomfort.
[0051]
Next, typical embodiments of the present invention will be described based on specific numerical values.
Embodiment 1
Flexural strength 12.3 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, apparent density 0.45 g / cm 3 The bending strength of the loop and the base fabric with the knitted base fabric is 6.3 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, and the apparent density is 0.40 g / cm. 3 The peeling sound was measured by combining the hooks having the woven structure described above. The frequency of the maximum component of the peeling sound was 700 Hz, and the high frequency component ratio was 1.05. The peeling sound was low and not harsh.
[0052]
Embodiment 2
In a product using a hook-and-loop fastener to stop a lid of a bag made of artificial leather, the hook-and-loop fastener has a bending strength of 12.3 gf · cm / 2.5 cm and an apparent density of 0.45 g / cm. 3 Using a hook-and-loop fastener made of a knitted base cloth, a bending strength between the hook-and-loop fastener and the artificial leather is 0.5 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, and an apparent density is 0.42 g / cm. 3 And sewn it. The frequency of the maximum component of the sound generated when the bag lid was opened was about 900 Hz, and the high-frequency component ratio was 1.3. This sound was extremely low and not harsh compared to the sound when opening the lid of a bag with a normal hook-and-loop fastener.
[0053]
Embodiment 3
A golf glove having a hook-and-loop fastener for fixing on a wrist portion, the bending strength of which is 12.3 gf · cm / 2.5 cm and the apparent density is 0.42 g / cm as a hook-and-loop fastener. 3 A female fastener having a loop using a base fabric having a knitting structure, a bending strength of 6.3 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, and an apparent density of 0.40 g / cm. 3 And a male fastener having hooks having a woven structure. Further, the bending strength between each hook-and-loop fastener and the glove base cloth is 0.5 gf · cm / 2.5 cm, and the apparent density is 0.35 g / cm. 3 Was knitted and sewed with a sewing machine. The frequency of the maximum component of the peeling sound of the surface fastener was 700 Hz. The high frequency component ratio was 0.91, the peeling sound was low, and it was not harsh.
[0054]
The above is a description of representative embodiments of the present invention, and is not limited to these embodiments. For example, the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener and the material of the spacer, the structure, the thickness of the constituent fibers, and the like Within the scope of the claims, it can be arbitrarily selected according to the application, and it is apparent from the above description that various modifications are possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a characteristic diagram relating to time-output of sound generated when a surface fastener is peeled off.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing a part of FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner.
FIG. 3 is a comparison characteristic diagram of frequency-relative intensity showing a comparison of a difference in generated sound at the time of peeling due to a base fabric structure of a surface fastener.
FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view of a mechanism for measuring the bending strength of the base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener.
FIG. 5 is a correlation diagram between bending strength of the base fabric and generated sound.
FIG. 6 is a correlation diagram between the bending strength of the base fabric and the high-frequency component ratio.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a relative intensity of a sound generated at the time of peeling due to a difference in a mounting structure on a surface fastener mounting product.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Fixed chuck
2 movable chuck
P 1 Specimen without spacer
P 2 Specimen with spacer

Claims (12)

平板状基布の一表面に多数の繊維製係合素子を有する接合面を備えた面ファスナーにあって、
100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの100Hzから3000Hzの領域の面積Aと、3000Hzから15000Hzの領域の面積Bの比(A/B)が0.4以上であることを特徴とする繊維製面ファスナー。
In a surface fastener having a joining surface having a large number of fiber engaging elements on one surface of a flat base fabric,
The ratio (A / B) of the area A of the area of 100 Hz to 3000 Hz and the area B of the area of 3000 Hz to 15000 Hz of the acoustic spectrum of the peeling sound subjected to the Fourier transform in the area of 100 Hz to 15000 Hz is 0.4 or more. Characterized surface fastener.
平板状基布の表裏いずれかの表面に多数の繊維製係合素子を有する接合面を備えた面ファスナーにあって、
100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの最大成分が3000Hzより低い周波数であることを特徴とする繊維製面ファスナー。
In the surface fastener having a joining surface having a large number of fiber engagement elements on either the front or back surface of the flat base fabric,
A surface fastener made of fiber, characterized in that the maximum component of the acoustic spectrum of the peeling sound subjected to Fourier transformation in the range of 100 Hz to 15000 Hz is a frequency lower than 3000 Hz.
平板状基布の一表面に多数の繊維製係合素子を有する接合面を備えた面ファスナーにあって、
100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの100Hzから3000Hzの領域の面積Aと、3000Hzから15000Hzの領域の面積Bの比(A/B)が0.4以上であり、
100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された剥離音の音響スペクトルの最大成分が3000Hzより低い周波数である、
ことを特徴とする繊維製面ファスナー。
In a surface fastener having a joining surface having a large number of fiber engaging elements on one surface of a flat base fabric,
The ratio (A / B) of the area A of the area of 100 Hz to 3000 Hz and the area B of the area of 3000 Hz to 15000 Hz of the acoustic spectrum of the peeling sound Fourier transformed in the area of 100 Hz to 15000 Hz is 0.4 or more,
The maximum component of the acoustic spectrum of the peeling sound subjected to the Fourier transform in the region of 100 Hz to 15000 Hz is a frequency lower than 3000 Hz.
A surface fastener made of fiber, characterized in that:
半径4.0mmで雄雌の各面ファスナーの基布を180°曲げたときの各基布の曲げ強さの和が36gf・cm/2.5cm以下であり、少なくとも一方の面ファスナー部材の接合面が、全面に均質に分散して配された多数の繊維製係合素子から構成されてなる請求項1〜3記載の繊維製面ファスナー。The sum of the bending strengths of the base fabrics of the male and female hook-and-loop fasteners at a radius of 4.0 mm when bent 180 ° is 36 gf · cm / 2.5 cm or less, and at least one of the hook-and-loop fastener members is joined. The fiber surface fastener according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface is composed of a large number of fiber engaging elements uniformly distributed over the entire surface. 接合相手となる各繊維製面ファスナー同士の基布の見掛け密度が0.5g/cm以下であり、少なくとも一方の面ファスナー部材の接合面が全面に均質に分散して配された多数の繊維製係合素子から構成されてなる請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の繊維製面ファスナー。A large number of fibers in which the apparent density of the base fabric between the fiber surface fasteners to be bonded is 0.5 g / cm 3 or less, and the bonding surface of at least one surface fastener member is uniformly dispersed throughout the entire surface. The fiber-made surface fastener according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is constituted by an engagement element made of a fiber. 前記面ファスナーの基布が織編構造を有し、編構造にあってはウェール密度N1(ウェール数/cm)とコース密度N2(コース数/cm) とし、織構造にあっては経糸及び緯糸の各密度N1,N2(経糸本数/cm、緯糸本数/cm)が次式(1) を満足してなる請求項4又は5記載の繊維製面ファスナー。
5.9≦N1+N2≦29 (1)
The base fabric of the hook-and-loop fastener has a woven / knitted structure. The knitted structure has a wale density N1 (number of wale / cm) and a course density N2 (number of courses / cm). 6. The fiber fastener according to claim 4, wherein the densities N1 and N2 (number of warp yarns / cm, number of weft yarns / cm) satisfy the following expression (1).
5.9 ≦ N1 + N2 ≦ 29 (1)
接合相手となる少なくとも一方の繊維製面ファスナー部材の基布が、接結糸を介して多層に織編成された多重織編構造を有すると共に、各層間に間隙を有してなり、接合相手となる他方の面ファスナー部材の基布の見掛け密度が0.5g/cm以下であり、
多重織編構造を有する一方の繊維製面ファスナー部材が、係合素子が立ち上がる基層の背面側に見掛け密度0.5g/cm以下である少なくとも1層以上を含んでなる請求項5記載の繊維製面ファスナー。
The base fabric of at least one fiber surface fastener member to be joined has a multiple woven knitted structure woven and knitted in multiple layers via binding yarns, and has a gap between each layer, and The apparent density of the base cloth of the other surface fastener member is 0.5 g / cm 3 or less;
6. The fiber according to claim 5, wherein one of the surface fastener members made of a fiber having a multi-woven knitting structure comprises at least one layer having an apparent density of 0.5 g / cm 3 or less on the back side of the base layer on which the engaging element rises. Surface fasteners.
請求項1〜3のいずれかの面ファスナーが取り付けられた面ファスナー取付製品であって、
前記面ファスナーの剥離音の100Hzから15000Hzの領域でフーリエ変換された音響スペクトルの100Hzから3000Hzの領域の面積Aと、3000Hzから15000Hzの領域の面積Bの比(A/B)が0.4以上であることを特徴とする面ファスナー取付製品。
A hook-and-loop fastener-mounted product to which the hook-and-loop fastener according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is attached,
The ratio (A / B) of the area A of the area of 100 to 3000 Hz of the Fourier-transformed acoustic spectrum in the area of 100 to 15000 Hz of the peeling sound of the surface fastener and the area B of the area of 3000 to 15000 Hz is 0.4 or more. A hook-and-loop fastener mounted product characterized by the following.
前記面ファスナーの係合素子が立ち上がる前記基布の背面と取付対象物との間に空隙を形成する空隙形成手段を有してなる請求項8記載の面ファスナー取付製品。9. The hook-and-loop fastener product according to claim 8, further comprising a gap forming means for forming a gap between the back surface of the base cloth on which the engaging element of the hook-and-loop fastener rises and the mounting object. 前記面ファスナーの係合素子が立ち上がる前記基布の背面と取付対象物との間に制振手段を有してなる請求項8記載の面ファスナー取付製品。9. The surface fastener mounting product according to claim 8, further comprising vibration damping means between the back surface of the base cloth on which the engaging element of the surface fastener rises and the object to be mounted. 前記制振手段が、半径4mmで180°曲げたときの曲げ強さが0.7gf・cm/2.5cm以下の各種布帛類である請求項10記載の面ファスナー取付製品。The surface fastener-attached product according to claim 10, wherein the vibration-damping means is a variety of fabrics having a bending strength of 0.7 gf · cm / 2.5 cm or less when bent 180 ° at a radius of 4 mm. 前記制振手段が、見掛け密度0.5g/cm以下の各種布帛類からなる請求項10記載の面ファスナー取付製品。It said damping means, the surface fastener attached product according to claim 10, wherein consisting apparent density 0.5 g / cm 3 or less of various fabrics such.
JP2002341930A 2002-11-26 2002-11-26 Fiber hook-and-loop fastener reducing unpleasant sound in peeling and its application product Pending JP2004173819A (en)

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CNB2003801040947A CN100456982C (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-13 Fiber-made surface fastener reduced in unpleasant noise at peeling-off and its attaching product
US10/536,474 US7475455B2 (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-13 Fiber-made surface fastener for reducing unpleasant noise at peeling-off and product provided therewith
EP03772748A EP1586250A4 (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-13 Fiber-made surface fastener reduced in unpleasant noise at peeling-off and its attaching product
PCT/JP2003/014470 WO2004047581A1 (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-13 Fiber-made surface fastener reduced in unpleasant noise at peeling-off and its attaching product
KR1020057009497A KR20050085161A (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-13 Fiber-made surface fastener reduced in unpleasant noise at peeling-off and its attaching product
AU2003280777A AU2003280777A1 (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-13 Fiber-made surface fastener reduced in unpleasant noise at peeling-off and its attaching product
TW092133088A TWI241895B (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-25 Fiber-made surface fastener reduced in unpleasant noise during peeling-off and its attaching product

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