JP2004163332A - Enzymatic immunoassay of specific antibody in material to be analyzed to low molecular weight substance - Google Patents

Enzymatic immunoassay of specific antibody in material to be analyzed to low molecular weight substance Download PDF

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JP2004163332A
JP2004163332A JP2002331428A JP2002331428A JP2004163332A JP 2004163332 A JP2004163332 A JP 2004163332A JP 2002331428 A JP2002331428 A JP 2002331428A JP 2002331428 A JP2002331428 A JP 2002331428A JP 2004163332 A JP2004163332 A JP 2004163332A
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low molecular
antibody
molecular weight
specific antibody
weight substance
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Mitsuyoshi Isaka
光良 井坂
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Shimizu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Shimizu Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an enzymatic immunoassay for measuring the quantity of an antibody in a non-competitive manner, which easily, rapidly and sensitively detects a specific antibody to a low molecular weight substance without any environmental hygienic problems. <P>SOLUTION: A specific antibody to a low molecular weight substance, after being solidified utilizing solid phase to which the low molecular weight substance is directly bound, is once washed to separate a conjugate of the solidified low molecular weight substance and the specific antibody to the low molecular weight substance from a sample containing the specific antibody to the low molecular weight substance. Thereafter, the quantity of the remaining solidified antigen is measured, thereby calculating the quantity of the antibody. This enzymatic immunoassay, when applied to pharmaceuticals which might induce an anaphylactic shock, can be useful for appropriately predicting the risk. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、免疫測定法に関する。さらに詳しくは、低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を固相化抗原に結合させ、次にその結合物を認識する酵素標識物を反応させて、形成された結合物中の酵素標識量を測ることにより抗体量を算出する方法において、測定対象抗体量を正確に算出する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】生体成分の微量測定法として、免疫測定法は複雑な組成の混合物の中から免疫反応で特異的に選別できることから、通常の定量法に必要な対象物を試料から分離する前処理が不要であり、しかも高感度・高精度に定量できる特徴を持つ。また免疫測定法のうち、酵素標識を特徴とする酵素免疫測定法は、放射性同位元素を用いる放射免疫測定法に比べて廉価で危険な廃棄物を伴わず、測定の感度と精度の面で遜色ない事から汎用されている。
【0003】この酵素免疫測定法で抗体量を測定する場合(ここでいう抗体とは抗原特異的抗体である)、競合法または非競合法による各種の方法が開発され利用されている。即ち競合法とは、固相化抗原と特異的に反応する標識抗体の結合に対する試料中の抗体の競合様式より抗体量を算出する方法である。一方、非競合法とは、まず試料中の抗体を固相化抗原に結合させ、次にその結合物を認識する酵素標識物を認識させて、形成された結合物中の酵素標識量を測ることにより抗体量を算出することができる。酵素標識物としては、ヒト抗体を認識する抗体や固相化に使用したのと同じ抗原が利用されている。
【0004】医薬品の多くは分子量1000未満の低分子物質である。また、医薬品の重篤な副作用の一つに、アナフィラキシーショックがある。アナフィラキシーショックの成因を正確に説明するまでに至っていないが、Cooms&Gellのアレルギーの分類では、I型アレルギーに属すると考えられている。I型アレルギーは、抗原暴露後に抗原特異的IgE抗体がB細胞で産生されることから始まる。このIgEが種々の免疫細胞を刺激してヒスタミン等のケミカルメディエーターを遊離させ、生体内で好ましくない反応を引き起こすのである。従って、医薬品によるアナフィラキシーショックの誘発性は特異的IgEとの関連性が否定できない。このため、医療現場において、特に繰り返し患者に投薬される医薬品については、使用前に特異的IgE抗体価を測定することによりアナフィラキシーショックを誘発する可能性を事前に予測することは、安全な医薬品の使用という観点から非常に重要である。
【0005】低分子物質に対する特異的抗体の検出法としては、EIA法の変法が使用される場合がある。この方法は、低分子物質とアルブミン等の生体高分子物質等を結合させハプテン化させたものを固相化したのち、測定対象試料と反応させたのち、非特異的な反応を除去するために洗浄を行い、IgEと結合する標識抗体と反応させたのち、結合物中に含まれる標識を利用して抗体価を測定する方法である。この方法は、測定時間および検出感度の問題があり、アナフィラキシーショックの予測には不便であった。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開昭59−94067号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平7−12817号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、抗体量を測定する非競合法の酵素免疫測定法において、低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を簡便かつ迅速,高感度に、環境衛生上の問題なく、検出する方法を提供するものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】前記の目的は、以下の本発明により達成できる。すなわち本発明は、抗体量を測定する非競合法の酵素免疫測定法において、低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を低分子物質が直接結合した固相を利用して固定化した後に、一旦洗浄して固定化低分子物質−低分子物質に対する特異的抗体結合物を低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を含む試料と分離後、残存した固定化抗原量を測定する事により抗体量を算出する。
【0009】
具体的には、
(1) 低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を含む試料と、低分子物質に対する特異的抗体と低分子物質を固体担体に固定させた固定化抗原とを反応させる第1工程、第1工程で生じた固定化低分子物質−低分子物質に対する特異的抗体結合物を、低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を含む試料と分離し、結合物を洗浄する第2工程、第2工程で生じた残存固定化抗原を、固定化抗原と特異的に反応する標識化抗体と反応させる第3工程、および、固定化担体に固定された結合物を、結合物中に含まれる標識を利用して検出する第4工程、を含むことを特徴とする免疫測定法。
(2) 固定化抗原として低分子物質(分子量1000未満)を用いることを特徴とする(1)項の免疫測定法。
(3) β―Dガラクトシダーゼ等を用い、検出に際しエンハンサーとして4−メチルウンベリフェニル−β−D−ガラクトピラノキシド等を用いた化学発色法であることを特徴とする(1)項の免疫測定法。
である。
【0010】本発明によって測定される低分子量に対する特異的抗体は、アナフィラキシーショックを誘発することが知られているアスピリンなどの消炎鎮痛薬、ペニシリンなどの抗生物質、トランキライザー、インドシアニングリーン(ICG)、静脈用麻酔薬、筋弛緩薬、消毒薬、抗凝固薬(例;ナファモスタット、アルガトロバンなど)、医薬品添加物などの、ヒトへの低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を例示できるが、ヒト以外の各種動物あるいはヒトにおける感染症以外のアナフィラキシーショックの誘発性を予測するための各種抗体検査にも利用できる。
【0011】本発明において使用する固定化用の抗原となる低分子物質は、分子量1000未満のもので、臨床使用においてアナフィラキシーショックを誘発する危険性が僅かでもあれば、特に限定されるものではない。
【0012】本発明において使用する固定化担体としては、抗原を固定化できるものであればいかなる形態の担体でも利用可能であり、例えば抗原を物理的に吸着可能なポリスチレン製のプレート・チュ−ブ・ビーズ・チップあるいは抗原固定化用の適当な官能基を有するガラス・磁性担体や膜などを利用することができる。
【0013】低分子物質に対する特異的抗体と特異的に反応する標識化抗体として使用される抗体は、ヒトIgEと特異的に結合するものであればよく、β―Dガラクトシダーゼ標識マウス抗ヒトIgEモノクロナール抗体等が好適に使用できる。
【0014】標識化抗体の標識として使用される酵素は、β―Dガラクトシダーゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、グルコースオキシダーゼ、ウレアーゼ、各種のルシフェラーゼなどが挙げられる。標識の酵素活性を検出する手段としては、測定機器の特性によって適宜選択され、比色法・蛍光法・発光法などが利用できる。標識化抗体の標識としては、酵素以外にも発光物質・発光蛋白質や蛍光物質を利用する事が可能である。
【0015】
【実施例】以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
[試験例]カルボキシル基を有するポリスチレン系親水性ポリマーとナファモスタットを、スミロンELISAカルボタイプ(住友ベークライト株式会社)の試薬、すなわち水溶性カルボジイミドとビオチンヒドラジドを用いて結合させるために37℃で2時間反応させ、固相化抗原を作製し、これを患者血清との反応に使用する200μL容量の円筒状容器(以下、反応容器)に充填する。以後、体外診断用医薬品 ユニキャップ特異IgE(ファルマシア株式会社)の試薬を用いて、ナファモスタット特異的IgE抗体価の測定を行う。すなわち、反応容器をモノラウリン酸ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン−リン酸二カリウム混合溶液(以下、洗浄液)で洗浄したのち、患者血清40μLを反応容器に加え、37℃で30分間インキュベートし、その後、反応容器を洗浄液で洗浄し、β−Dガラクトシダーゼ標識マウス抗ヒトIgEモノクロナール抗体(1μg/mL)50μLを反応容器に加えて、37℃で24分間インキュベートする。再度、反応容器を洗浄液で洗浄したのち、基質液(4−メチルウンベリフェニル−β−D−ガラクトピラノキシド)を反応容器に加えて、37℃で9分間インキュベートし、この反応を炭酸ナトリウム溶液で停止、溶出させて、この溶出液の蛍光強度をUniCAP1000(ファルマシア株式会社)を用いて測定波長445nmで検出する。ナファモスタット特異的IgE抗体価は、同様の操作でWHOのIgE標準品(75/502)を測定して得られた検量線に基づいて算出し、従前のEIA法の変法に対して10倍以上の高感度の良好な結果を得ることができる。さらに、以上の操作は、血清入手後3時間以内にナファモスタット特異的IgE抗体価の測定が可能となり、EIA法の変法での測定時間(2日)と比較して迅速で、医療現場においてアナフィラキシーショック誘発性を適時に予測するのに有用な手段となり得ることが明らかである。
【0016】
【発明の効果】以上、詳述したように、本発明の免疫測定法によって、低分子物質に対する抗体価を、簡便かつ迅速,高感度に、環境衛生上の問題なく、測定対象抗体を検出する方法が提供され、これにより低分子物質を薬剤として使用する際に適時にアナフィラキシーショックの誘発性を予測する手段として有効である。
[0001]
The present invention relates to an immunoassay. More specifically, a specific antibody against a low-molecular substance is bound to the immobilized antigen, and then an enzyme-labeled substance that recognizes the bound substance is reacted, and the amount of enzyme label in the formed conjugate is measured. The present invention relates to a method for calculating an amount of an antibody, wherein the amount of an antibody to be measured is accurately calculated.
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art As a method for minutely measuring a biological component, an immunoassay can be specifically selected from a mixture having a complicated composition by an immune reaction. No processing is required, and it has the characteristic that it can be quantified with high sensitivity and high accuracy. Among the immunoassays, enzyme immunoassays characterized by enzyme labeling are inexpensive and do not involve hazardous waste, and are inferior to the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay compared to radioimmunoassays using radioisotopes. It is widely used because it does not exist.
[0003] When the amount of antibodies is measured by this enzyme immunoassay (the antibody is an antigen-specific antibody), various methods using a competitive method or a non-competitive method have been developed and used. That is, the competition method is a method in which the amount of an antibody is calculated from the mode of competition of an antibody in a sample for the binding of a labeled antibody that specifically reacts with an immobilized antigen. On the other hand, the non-competitive method involves first binding an antibody in a sample to an immobilized antigen, then recognizing an enzyme label that recognizes the bond, and measuring the amount of enzyme label in the formed bond. Thereby, the amount of the antibody can be calculated. As the enzyme label, an antibody recognizing a human antibody or the same antigen used for immobilization is used.
[0004] Many pharmaceuticals are low molecular substances having a molecular weight of less than 1,000. One of the serious side effects of pharmaceuticals is anaphylactic shock. Although the cause of anaphylactic shock has not been precisely explained, it is believed that the Cooms & Gel classification of allergy belongs to type I allergy. Type I allergy begins with the production of antigen-specific IgE antibodies in B cells after antigen exposure. This IgE stimulates various immune cells to release chemical mediators such as histamine, causing an undesirable reaction in vivo. Therefore, the induction of anaphylactic shock by a drug cannot be denied to be related to specific IgE. For this reason, in a medical setting, particularly for a drug which is repeatedly administered to a patient, it is difficult to predict the possibility of inducing anaphylactic shock by measuring a specific IgE antibody titer before use, in order to obtain a safe drug. Very important in terms of use.
[0005] As a method for detecting a specific antibody against a low molecular substance, a modification of the EIA method may be used. This method is to remove the non-specific reaction after binding the haptenized low-molecular substance and biopolymer substance such as albumin, and then reacting with the sample to be measured. This is a method of washing, reacting with a labeled antibody that binds to IgE, and then measuring the antibody titer using the label contained in the conjugate. This method has problems in measurement time and detection sensitivity, and is inconvenient for predicting anaphylactic shock.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-59-94067 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-7-12817
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay for measuring the amount of an antibody, which is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive to specific antibodies against low molecular substances without causing environmental health problems. , A method of detecting.
[0008]
The above objects can be achieved by the present invention described below. That is, the present invention provides a non-competitive enzyme immunoassay for measuring the amount of an antibody, in which a specific antibody to a low-molecular substance is immobilized using a solid phase directly bonded to the low-molecular substance, and then washed once. The amount of the antibody is calculated by separating the immobilized low molecular substance-specific antibody conjugate to the low molecular substance from the sample containing the specific antibody to the low molecular substance, and measuring the amount of the remaining immobilized antigen.
[0009]
In particular,
(1) A sample containing a specific antibody to a low-molecular substance, a first step in which a specific antibody to a low-molecular substance is reacted with an immobilized antigen having a low-molecular substance immobilized on a solid support, and the first step occurs in the first step. Immobilized low-molecular substance-a second step of separating a conjugate of a specific antibody against the low-molecular substance from a sample containing a specific antibody against the low-molecular substance and washing the conjugate, the remaining immobilized antigen generated in the second step In the reaction with a labeled antibody that specifically reacts with the immobilized antigen, and a fourth step in which a conjugate immobilized on the immobilized carrier is detected using a label contained in the conjugate. An immunoassay comprising:
(2) The immunoassay according to (1), wherein a low-molecular substance (molecular weight: less than 1,000) is used as the immobilized antigen.
(3) The immunological method according to (1), wherein the method is a chemical coloring method using β-D galactosidase or the like and using 4-methylumbelliphenyl-β-D-galactopyranoxide or the like as an enhancer for detection. Measurement method.
It is.
[0010] Specific antibodies against low molecular weight as measured by the present invention include anti-inflammatory analgesics such as aspirin, which are known to induce anaphylactic shock, antibiotics such as penicillin, tranquilizers, indocyanine green (ICG), Specific antibodies against low-molecular substances to humans, such as intravenous anesthetics, muscle relaxants, disinfectants, anticoagulants (eg, nafamostat, argatroban, etc.), pharmaceutical additives, etc. It can also be used for various antibody tests to predict the elicitation of anaphylactic shock other than infectious diseases in animals or humans.
The low-molecular substance used as the immobilizing antigen in the present invention has a molecular weight of less than 1,000, and is not particularly limited as long as it has a small risk of inducing anaphylactic shock in clinical use. .
As the immobilizing carrier used in the present invention, any carrier capable of immobilizing the antigen can be used. For example, a plate tube made of polystyrene capable of physically adsorbing the antigen is used. -A glass chip, a magnetic carrier or a membrane having an appropriate functional group for immobilizing an antigen can be used.
The antibody used as a labeled antibody that specifically reacts with a specific antibody against a low-molecular substance may be any antibody that specifically binds to human IgE, and may be a mouse anti-human IgE monoclonal antibody labeled with β-D-galactosidase. A nal antibody or the like can be preferably used.
The enzyme used as the label of the labeled antibody includes β-D galactosidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose oxidase, urease, various luciferases, and the like. The means for detecting the enzyme activity of the label is appropriately selected depending on the characteristics of the measuring instrument, and a colorimetric method, a fluorescent method, a luminescent method, or the like can be used. As the label of the labeled antibody, a luminescent substance, a luminescent protein, or a fluorescent substance can be used in addition to the enzyme.
[0015]
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.
[Test Example] A polystyrene hydrophilic polymer having a carboxyl group and nafamostat were bonded at 37 ° C. for 2 hours at 37 ° C. for bonding using a Sumilon ELISA carbotype (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) reagent, ie, water-soluble carbodiimide and biotin hydrazide. The reaction is carried out to prepare an immobilized antigen, and this is filled into a cylindrical container (hereinafter, reaction container) having a volume of 200 μL used for reaction with patient serum. Thereafter, a nafamostat-specific IgE antibody titer is measured using a reagent for in vitro diagnostic drug Unicap-specific IgE (Pharmacia Co., Ltd.). That is, after washing the reaction container with a mixed solution of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate-dipotassium phosphate (hereinafter referred to as a washing solution), 40 μL of patient serum is added to the reaction container, and the mixture is incubated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. After washing with a washing solution, 50 μL of β-D galactosidase-labeled mouse anti-human IgE monoclonal antibody (1 μg / mL) is added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture is incubated at 37 ° C. for 24 minutes. After the reaction vessel was washed again with a washing solution, a substrate solution (4-methylumbelliphenyl-β-D-galactopyranooxide) was added to the reaction vessel, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. for 9 minutes. The solution is stopped and eluted, and the fluorescence intensity of the eluate is detected at a measurement wavelength of 445 nm using UniCAP1000 (Pharmacia). The nafamostat-specific IgE antibody titer was calculated based on a calibration curve obtained by measuring a WHO IgE standard (75/502) by the same operation, and was 10 times as large as that of the conventional EIA method. Good results with the above high sensitivity can be obtained. Furthermore, the above operation enables the measurement of the nafamostat-specific IgE antibody titer within 3 hours after obtaining the serum, which is quicker than the measurement time (2 days) in the modified EIA method, and It is clear that this can be a useful tool for predicting anaphylactic shock induction in a timely manner.
[0016]
As described above in detail, the immunoassay of the present invention can be used to easily, quickly, and sensitively detect an antibody titer to a low-molecular substance and detect an antibody to be measured without environmental health problems. A method is provided, which is effective as a means for predicting the elicitation of anaphylactic shock in a timely manner when a low-molecular substance is used as a drug.

Claims (3)

低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を含む試料と、低分子物質に対する特異的抗体と低分子物質を固体担体に固定させた固定化抗原とを反応させる第1工程、第1工程で生じた固定化低分子物質−低分子物質に対する特異的抗体結合物を、低分子物質に対する特異的抗体を含む試料と分離し、結合物を洗浄する第2工程、第2工程で生じた残存固定化抗原を、固定化抗原と特異的に反応する標識化抗体と反応させる第3工程、および、固定化担体に固定された結合物を、結合物中に含まれる標識を利用して検出する第4工程、を含むことを特徴とする免疫測定法。A first step of reacting a sample containing a specific antibody to a low-molecular substance with an immobilized antigen in which the low-molecular substance is immobilized on a solid support; Second step of separating the specific antibody conjugate of the molecular substance-low molecular substance from the sample containing the specific antibody to the low molecular substance, washing the conjugate, and immobilizing the remaining immobilized antigen generated in the second step A third step of reacting with a labeled antibody that specifically reacts with the immobilized antigen, and a fourth step of detecting a conjugate immobilized on the immobilized carrier using a label contained in the conjugate. An immunoassay method, characterized in that: 固定化抗原として低分子物質(分子量1000未満)を用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の免疫測定法。2. The immunoassay according to claim 1, wherein a low molecular substance (molecular weight less than 1,000) is used as the immobilized antigen. β―Dガラクトシダーゼ等を用い、検出に際しエンハンサーとして4−メチルウンベリフェニル−β−D−ガラクトピラノキシド等を用いた化学発色法であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の免疫測定法。The immunoassay according to claim 1, wherein the immunoassay is a chemical coloring method using β-D-galactosidase or the like, and using 4-methylumbelliphenyl-β-D-galactopyranoxide or the like as an enhancer for detection.
JP2002331428A 2002-11-14 2002-11-14 Enzymatic immunoassay of specific antibody in material to be analyzed to low molecular weight substance Pending JP2004163332A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010265239A (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-25 Nec Corp Method for purifying and concentrating antimalarial medicine
CN114167050A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-11 牟奕 Solid phase matrix for detecting C-type penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotic antibodies and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010265239A (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-25 Nec Corp Method for purifying and concentrating antimalarial medicine
CN114167050A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-11 牟奕 Solid phase matrix for detecting C-type penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotic antibodies and preparation method thereof

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