JP2004162552A - Exhaust emission control device of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust emission control device of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004162552A
JP2004162552A JP2002327204A JP2002327204A JP2004162552A JP 2004162552 A JP2004162552 A JP 2004162552A JP 2002327204 A JP2002327204 A JP 2002327204A JP 2002327204 A JP2002327204 A JP 2002327204A JP 2004162552 A JP2004162552 A JP 2004162552A
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Prior art keywords
egr
photocatalyst
passage
exhaust
exhaust gas
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JP2002327204A
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Japanese (ja)
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Eiichi Hiruma
栄一 昼間
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Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corp
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Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corp
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Priority to JP2002327204A priority Critical patent/JP2004162552A/en
Publication of JP2004162552A publication Critical patent/JP2004162552A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F02B29/0437—Liquid cooled heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exhaust emission control device of an internal combustion engine for removing a polluting component and moisture included in EGR gas passing through an exhaust gas postprocessing system. <P>SOLUTION: This exhaust emission control device 1 is arranged in the middle of an EGR passage. The exhaust emission control device 1 has a first cylindrical part 45 and a second cylindrical part 50 formed of heat resistant glass inside an outer wall part 42 for forming an introducing port 43 and an exhaust port 44. A first passage part 46a is formed inside the first cylindrical part 45. A second passage part 46b is formed between the first cylindrical part 45 and the second cylindrical part 50. A third passage part 46c is formed on the outer peripheral side of the second cylindrical part 50. An irradiating part 55 is arranged inside the outer wall part 42. The irradiating part 55 irradiates a photocatalyst 53 with the light for decomposing the polluting component in the EGR gas sticking to the photocatalyst 53. The photocatalyst 53 is filled in the second and third passage parts 46b and 46c. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、排出ガス還流装置（Ｅｘｈａｕｓｔ Ｇａｓ Ｒｅｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ、以下ＥＧＲ）を備えた内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
内燃機関の排出ガスの浄化手段として、ＥＧＲが知られている。例えばディーゼルエンジンにおいて、ＰＭ（固形微粒子）や黒鉛などの汚染成分を除去する排気後処理装置を通過した排出ガスを、ＥＧＲガスとして再び吸気系へ戻すことが行われている。また、ターボチャージャのタービンを通過した排出ガスの一部を、ＥＧＲガスとしてターボチャージャのコンプレッサの上流側に戻すＬＰＬ（Ｌｏｗ Ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ Ｌｏｏｐ）−ＥＧＲも知られている。
【０００３】
また従来、排気後処理装置として、排気通路に排出ガス中の有害成分を浄化する触媒と、その上流に排ガス中の水分を処理する水分処理手段を設けた排ガス浄化装置も提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開平１０−７７８３１号公報（第１図）
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、排気後処理装置では汚染成分は完全には除去しきれず、ＥＧＲガス内には汚染成分が含まれる。ＥＧＲガス中の汚染成分は、ＥＧＲ通路やＥＧＲ通路に設けられる内燃機関の構成要素と、吸気通路や吸気通路の各部の構成要素などに付着して汚損をまねく恐れがある。また、ＥＧＲクーラやインタクーラにおいて、冷却媒体の低温時では、ＥＧＲガス中の水分が結露し、腐食の原因となる。
【０００６】
従って、本発明の目的は、排気後処理装置を通過したＥＧＲガスに含まれる汚染成分を除去し、同時に水分の結露を防ぐことができる内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置を提供する。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置では、排気後処理装置によって浄化された排出ガスの一部を該排気後処理装置の下流から吸気系に戻すＥＧＲ通路と、前記ＥＧＲ通路に設けられ前記ＥＧＲガス中の汚染成分を分解可能な光触媒と、前記光触媒を活性化する光を該光触媒に照射する光照射手段と、を具備している。この発明でいう光は、可視光だけでなく、紫外線などの可視光以外の電磁波を含む概念である。
【０００８】
このように構成される内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置では、前記ＥＧＲガス内の汚染成分が光触媒によって分解され、その光触媒反応の際に水分が消費されることにより、下流側での水分の結露が防止される。
【０００９】
この発明の好ましい形態では、前記光触媒は前記ＥＧＲガスが導入されるケーシングに収容され、前記ＥＧＲガスの流路を延長するように形成する壁部のうち前記光照射手段と前記光触媒との間に位置する壁部が、前記光照射手段から照射される光を透過する部材で形成される。このように構成される前記内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置では、前記光照射手段から照射される光が壁部によって遮られることなく効率良く前記光触媒に照射される。
【００１０】
さらに、この発明の好ましい形態では、前記ＥＧＲ通路の前記光触媒の下流にＥＧＲクーラが設けられていることにより、ＥＧＲガスの温度が調節され且つＥＧＲクーラの汚損及び結露を防止できる。
【００１１】
さらに、この発明の好ましい形態では、前記吸気系にターボチャージャのコンプレッサと、該コンプレッサ下流にインタクーラとを設けてもよい。この場合、前記コンプレッサの上流側に前記ＥＧＲ通路が接続されることによってＬＰＬ−ＥＧＲが構成され、大量ＥＧＲが可能となると共に比較的温度の低い排出ガスを還流することができる。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態について図１と図２を参照して説明する。
この実施の形態で用いられる内燃機関は、例えば自動車に用いられるディーゼルエンジンである。
【００１３】
図１中、吸気通路１０の上流側には、吸入空気内の埃を除去するエアクリーナ１２が設けられている。エアクリーナ１２の下流側に吸気絞りバルブ１３が設けられている。吸気絞りバルブ１３は前記吸入空気の流量を制御する。吸気絞りバルブ１３の下流側には、排出ガスを吸気系へ戻すＥＧＲ通路１４の戻り側開口部１４ａが接続され、合流部１５を形成している。
【００１４】
合流部１５では、前記吸入空気とＥＧＲ通路１４から導入されるＥＧＲガスとが混合される。合流部１５の下流側にはターボチャージャ１６のコンプレッサ２０が設けられており、コンプレッサ２０に前記吸入空気とＥＧＲガスとの混合気が流入するようになっている。ターボチャージャ１６は前記混合気を圧縮するコンプレッサ２０と、排出ガスのエネルギを受けて動力を発生するタービン２１と、タービン２１で得られた動力をコンプレッサ２０へ伝える軸部２２とから構成される。
【００１５】
ターボチャージャ１６のコンプレッサ２０の下流側には、吸気通路１０に連通してインタクーラ２３が設けられている。インタクーラ２３は、例えば冷却媒体として冷却水を用いており、コンプレッサ２０で圧縮され高温になった前記混合気を冷却する。インタクーラ２３の下流側にエンジン２４の吸気マニホールド２５が設けられている。吸気マニホールド２５を経た前記混合気は、吸気枝管２５ａ，２５ｂ，２５ｃ，２５ｄを介して、気筒２６ａ，２６ｂ，２６ｃ，２６ｄに導入される。エンジン２４の排気側に排気マニホールド３０が設けられており、気筒２６ａ，２６ｂ，２６ｃ，２６ｄの内部の排出ガスが排気枝管３０ａ，３０ｂ，３０ｃ，３０ｄへ排出される。排気マニホールド３０の下流側は、ターボチャージャ１６のタービン２１を介して、排気通路３２が連通している。
【００１６】
タービン２１の下流側に排気絞りバルブ３３が設けられている。排気絞りバルブ３３は、後述する排気後処理装置４０に流入する排気流量の調節を行う。排気絞りバルブ３３の下流側に、例えば排出ガスに含まれるＰＭや黒鉛などの汚染成分を除去する排気後処理装置４０が設けられている。排気後処理装置４０の一例は、例えばヒータ３４とフィルタ３５より構成されるＤＰＦであり、汚染成分をフィルタ３５で捕らえ、ヒータ３４で焼却除去するようになっている。
【００１７】
排気後処理装置４０の下流側には、排気通路３２から分岐してＥＧＲ通路１４の排出ガス取り出し口１４ｂが接続されている。ＥＧＲ通路１４には上流側から排出ガス浄化装置１と下記ＥＧＲクーラ６１とが介装されている。
【００１８】
図２に拡大して示すように、排出ガス浄化装置１は、ケーシングとして機能する例えば円筒状の外壁部４２を有している。外壁部４２の一端側に、ＥＧＲガスを導入可能な導入口４３が形成されている。外壁部４２の他端側には、ＥＧＲ通路１４に接続される排出口４４が設けられている。導入口４３と排出口４４は、ＥＧＲ通路１４と連通している。
【００１９】
外壁部４２の内部には、外壁部４２と略同心に第１の円筒部４５が設けられている。第１の円筒部４５は両端が開口しており、上流側の開口部が導入口４３に接続されている。第１の円筒部４５の他端側の開口部４５ａと、後述する第２の円筒部５０の端壁５０ａとの間に、充分な隙間が形成されている。また、第１の円筒部４５の周面と第２の円筒部５０との間にも充分な隙間が形成されている。第１の円筒部４５の内部が第１の通路部４６ａとして使われる。
【００２０】
また、第１の円筒部４５を覆うように、外壁部４２と略同心に第２の円筒部５０が設けられている。第２の円筒部５０の一端側は開口し、他端側が閉塞されている。第２の円筒部５０は外壁部４２および第１の円筒部４５と接触しないように隙間をあけて配されており、例えば図示しない支持材によって所定位置に固定されている。ただし、この支持材はＥＧＲガスの流動を妨げないものとする。第１の円筒部４５と第２の円筒部５０との間の隙間は、第２の通路部４６ｂとして使用される。
【００２１】
外壁部４２の内部に、光触媒５３が収容されている。光触媒５３は、例えば吸着能に優れた球状のシリカゲルと、このシリカゲルにコーティングされた分解能に優れる二酸化チタンの透明薄膜によって構成される。二酸化チタンは紫外線が照射されたときに、正孔と電子を発生する。この正孔と電子は非常に強い還元力、酸化力を持っており、水分などとの反応により活性酸素を生じる。この活性酸素は付着した汚染成分を分解する作用を持つ。
【００２２】
図２に示すように、光触媒５３は第２の通路部４６ｂと、後述する第３の通路部４６ｃとに充填される。
また、外壁部４２の内部に光触媒５３に付着した、汚染成分の分解作用を活性化するための光を照射する照射部５５が収容されている。照射部５５は、例えば紫外線を照射するブラックライト蛍光灯と、紫外線の照射のオン、オフを切り替えるためのスイッチ部（図示せず）から構成されている。照射部５５は外壁部４２の内側の側面に複数設けられている。照射部５５と第２の円筒部５０との間の隙間が第３の通路部４６ｃとして使われる。
【００２３】
少なくとも第２の円筒部５０（壁部）は、照射部５５から照射される紫外線が、内部に充填されている光触媒５３にも照射されるように、紫外線を透過する材料によって形成されている。紫外線を透過する材料の一例は耐熱ガラスである。
【００２４】
尚、第１の円筒部４５は第２の円筒部５０と同様に紫外線を透過する材料によって形成することによって、照射部５５の数を減らすことができるメリットがある。
【００２５】
照射部５５は、例えばＥＣＵ６０（図１に示す）により制御される。ＥＣＵ６０は、例えば図示しないイグニションスイッチに接続されている。このイグニションスイッチがオンされ、エンジン２４が運転を開始した状態から、所定時間紫外線を照射するよう照射部５５を制御する。ＥＣＵ６０には、例えばインタクーラ２３の温度を測定する温度センサ６２ａと、後述するＥＧＲクーラ６１の温度を測定する温度センサ６２ｂが接続されている。温度センサ６２ａ，６２ｂは、それぞれインタクーラ２３の下流の吸入空気（或いは前記混合気）温度、冷却水温度を計測する。そして吸入空気（或いは前記混合気）温度が所定温度以下、又は冷却水低温時に前記紫外線を所定時間照射するよう照射部５５を制御する。
【００２６】
排出ガス浄化装置１の下流側にＥＧＲクーラ６１が設けられている。ＥＧＲクーラ６１は、例えば冷却媒体として冷却水を用いてＥＧＲガスを冷却する。ＥＧＲクーラ６１の下流側で合流部１５付近にＥＧＲバルブ６３が設けられている。ＥＧＲバルブ６３は、吸気通路１０に流入するＥＧＲガスの流量を調節する。
【００２７】
このように本実施の形態では、ターボチャージャ１６のタービン２１を通過した排出ガスを、ＥＧＲ通路１４を用いてターボチャージャ１６のコンプレッサ２０の上流側に戻す、ＬＰＬ−ＥＧＲを構成している。
【００２８】
次に、本実施の形態の作用について説明する。
エンジン２４の運転時、エンジン２４から排出される排出ガスは、排気後処理装置（ＤＰＦ）４０にてほとんどの汚染成分が除去される。排気後処理装置４０の下流側において、排出ガスの一部がＥＧＲガスとしてＥＧＲ通路１４へ流入し、排出ガス浄化装置１に流入する。
【００２９】
図２に矢印で示すように、内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置１の内部では、ＥＧＲガスが第１の通路部４６ａを流動し、第２の通路部４６ｂを通って第３の通路部４６ｃに入り、第３の通路部４６ｃを流動したのち、外壁部４２の排出口４４から出てゆく。こうしてＥＧＲガスが第２の通路部４６ｂ、第３の通路部４６ｃを流動する間に、ＥＧＲガスは光触媒５３の間を流動する。そのため、ＥＧＲガスに含まれる汚染成分が光触媒５３に吸着される。
【００３０】
イグニションスイッチがオンされ、エンジン２４が運転を開始してから所定時間（或いは、低負荷時）は、ＥＣＵ６０の制御により、照射部５５は光触媒５３に紫外線を照射する。光触媒５３は汚染成分を吸着保持しており、紫外線を照射されると二酸化チタンの作用により、水分を消費しながら汚染成分を分解する。従ってこの汚染成分の分解に伴いＥＧＲガス中の水分が使用され、水分も除去される。
【００３１】
インタクーラ２３の下流の吸入空気（或いは前記混合気）温度が所定温度以下、又は冷却水が低温の時も、ＥＣＵ６０の制御により照射部５５から紫外線が照射され、光触媒５３に吸着された汚染成分の分解作用に伴い、ＥＧＲガス中の水分が除去される。尚、ＰＭを含む汚染成分の発生しやすい低排出ガス温度時、例えば低負荷、低吸気温度、及び低冷却水温度時に紫外線を照射することによって効果的に光触媒５３の汚染成分を分解することができる。
【００３２】
また、光触媒５３は熱触媒としての性質も持っており、エンジン２４の運転中に汚染成分の吸着と同時に、ＥＧＲガスの熱により汚染成分を分解することも行う。
【００３３】
このように、排出ガス浄化装置１に光触媒５３を用いるので、ＥＧＲガス内の汚染成分が光触媒５３に吸着され、エンジン２４の始動時やインタクーラ２３およびＥＧＲクーラ６１の冷却水低温時に紫外線が照射され、二酸化チタンの汚染成分分解作用に伴いＥＧＲガス中の水分が除去される。
【００３４】
このため、汚染成分の吸着能と分解能が高まり、ＥＧＲクーラ６１、ＥＧＲバルブ６３、吸気絞りバルブ１３、コンプレッサ２０、インタクーラ２３の汚損を防止することができる。汚染成分の付着が防止されるため、ＥＧＲバルブ６３や吸気絞りバルブ１３において、流路断面積が汚染成分によって変化することが回避され、流量制御の精度を維持することもできる。インタクーラ２３やＥＧＲクーラ６１においては、ＥＧＲガス内の水分の結露による腐食を防ぐことができる。
【００３５】
さらに、光触媒５３の熱触媒としての作用により、汚染成分を分解することもできる。さらに、外壁部４２の内部に第１，第２の円筒部４５，５０を設けることにより、ＥＧＲガスがこれら円筒部４５，５０によって形成される第２の通路部４６ｂと第３の通路部４６ｃを通るようにしたため、ＥＧＲガスの流路が長く形成される。このため、ＥＧＲガスが光触媒５３に接触する時間が長くなり、汚染成分の吸着能が高まる。
【００３６】
尚、ＥＧＲガスの流路を長く形成する手法としては、上述のものに限らず、種々変更可能である。例えば、図３に示すように、壁部５７を設けて通路部４７ａ，４７ｂを形成しても良い。又図４に示すように、壁部５８ａ，５８ｂを設けて、通路部４８ａ，４８ｂ，４８ｃを形成し、ＥＧＲ通路長を延長しても良い。尚この場合に、壁部５７，５８ａ，５８ｂは紫外線を透過する材料で形成される。
【００３７】
さらに、少なくとも第２の円筒部５０は耐熱ガラスで形成される。このため、照射部５５から照射される紫外線が、効率良く第２，３の通路部４６ｂ，４６ｃの内部に位置する光触媒５３にも照射されるとともに、高温のＥＧＲガスに対して充分な耐熱性を有している。
【００３８】
なお、本実施の形態では、光源にブラックライト蛍光灯を用いているが、紫外線発光ダイオードやプラズマ発生装置を用いてもよい。また、光触媒５３は、本実施の形態のようにシリカゲルの表面と細孔の内壁とに二酸化チタンの透明薄膜をコーティングしてもよいし、あるいは表面近傍の細孔内に二酸化チタンを高濃度に分布するようにしてもよい。
【００３９】
これらをはじめとして、本発明を実施するに当たって、本発明を構成する要素は、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜に変換して実施できることは言うまでもない。
【００４０】
【発明の効果】
請求項１に記載の発明によれば、ＥＧＲガスに含まれる汚染成分が光触媒によって分解されるため、ＥＧＲガスによる汚損を防ぐことができるとともに、光触媒が汚染成分を分解する際に水分が消費されるため、ＥＧＲガスに含まれる水分を除去することができる。このため吸気系における結露が防止され、結露に伴う腐食を防ぐことができる。
【００４１】
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、照射光がケーシング内部の壁部によって遮られることを防止でき、照射光が効率よく光触媒に照射される。
【００４２】
請求項３に記載の発明によれば、ＥＧＲクーラの汚損を防止して効果的にＥＧＲガスを冷却することができるとともに、ＥＧＲクーラが結露による腐食等の不具合を生じることを防止することができる。
【００４３】
請求項４に記載の発明によれば、ＬＰＬ（Ｌｏｗ Ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ Ｌｏｏｐ）−ＥＧＲが構成され、比較的温度の低い排出ガスが還流されると共に、特にＥＧＲクーラやインタクーラで結露が生じ易い排出ガス温度が低いエンジン運転条件でもＥＧＲガス中の水分が前記光触媒の汚染成分の分解に伴って除去されているため、ＥＧＲクーラ及び更に下流のインタクーラが結露による腐食等の不具合を生じることを防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施の形態における内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置を模式的に示す断面図
【図２】図１に示された排出ガス浄化装置を拡大して示す断面図
【図３】図１に示された排出ガス浄化装置の変形例を示す断面図
【図４】図１に示された排出ガス浄化装置の変形例を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
１…排出ガス浄化装置
１４…ＥＧＲ通路
１４ａ…戻り側開口部
１６…ターボチャージャ
２０…コンプレッサ
２３…インタクーラ
４２…外壁部（ケーシング）
４３…導入口
４４…排出口
４５…第１の円筒部（ＥＧＲガスの通路を形成する壁部）
５０…第２の円筒部（ＥＧＲガスの通路を形成する壁部）
５３…光触媒
５５…照射部（光照射手段）
５７…壁部（ＥＧＲガスの流路を形成する壁部）
５８ａ…壁部（ＥＧＲガスの流路を形成する壁部）
５８ｂ…壁部（ＥＧＲガスの流路を形成する壁部）
６１…ＥＧＲクーラ。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purifying device for an internal combustion engine including an exhaust gas recirculation device (Exhaust Gas Recirculation system, hereinafter referred to as EGR).
[0002]
[Prior art]
EGR is known as a means for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. For example, in a diesel engine, exhaust gas that has passed through an exhaust after-treatment device that removes polluting components such as PM (solid fine particles) and graphite is returned to an intake system as EGR gas. Further, part of the exhaust gas passing through the turbine of the turbocharger, also known LPL (L ow P ressure L oop ) -EGR back to the upstream side of the compressor of the turbocharger as EGR gas.
[0003]
Conventionally, as an exhaust aftertreatment device, an exhaust gas purification device provided with a catalyst for purifying harmful components in exhaust gas in an exhaust passage and a moisture treatment means for treating moisture in exhaust gas upstream thereof has also been proposed (for example, And Patent Document 1.).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-77831 (FIG. 1)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the exhaust post-treatment device cannot completely remove the pollutant, and the EGR gas contains the pollutant. Contamination components in the EGR gas may adhere to the EGR passage, components of the internal combustion engine provided in the EGR passage, and components of the intake passage and each part of the intake passage, thereby causing contamination. Further, in the EGR cooler and the intercooler, when the temperature of the cooling medium is low, the moisture in the EGR gas is condensed and causes corrosion.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine that can remove contaminants contained in EGR gas that has passed through an exhaust after-treatment device and at the same time prevent dew condensation of moisture.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, a part of the exhaust gas purified by the exhaust after-treatment device is provided in the EGR passage for returning the exhaust gas from the downstream of the exhaust after-treatment device to the intake system and the EGR passage. A photocatalyst capable of decomposing contaminant components in the EGR gas, and light irradiating means for irradiating the photocatalyst with light for activating the photocatalyst. The light in the present invention is a concept including not only visible light but also electromagnetic waves other than visible light such as ultraviolet light.
[0008]
In the exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine configured as described above, the contaminant component in the EGR gas is decomposed by the photocatalyst, and the water is consumed during the photocatalytic reaction. Is prevented.
[0009]
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the photocatalyst is housed in a casing into which the EGR gas is introduced, and is provided between the light irradiation unit and the photocatalyst in a wall formed to extend a flow path of the EGR gas. The wall portion located is formed of a member that transmits light emitted from the light emitting means. In the exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine configured as described above, the light irradiated from the light irradiation unit is efficiently irradiated to the photocatalyst without being blocked by the wall.
[0010]
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the EGR cooler is provided downstream of the photocatalyst in the EGR passage, so that the temperature of the EGR gas is adjusted and the EGR cooler can be prevented from being soiled and dewed.
[0011]
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a turbocharger compressor and an intercooler may be provided downstream of the compressor in the intake system. In this case, the EPL passage is connected to the upstream side of the compressor to form an LPL-EGR, which enables a large amount of EGR and recirculates exhaust gas having a relatively low temperature.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
The internal combustion engine used in this embodiment is, for example, a diesel engine used in an automobile.
[0013]
In FIG. 1, an air cleaner 12 for removing dust in the intake air is provided upstream of the intake passage 10. An intake throttle valve 13 is provided downstream of the air cleaner 12. The intake throttle valve 13 controls the flow rate of the intake air. A return opening 14 a of an EGR passage 14 for returning exhaust gas to the intake system is connected downstream of the intake throttle valve 13 to form a junction 15.
[0014]
In the junction 15, the intake air and EGR gas introduced from the EGR passage 14 are mixed. A compressor 20 of the turbocharger 16 is provided downstream of the junction 15, and a mixture of the intake air and the EGR gas flows into the compressor 20. The turbocharger 16 includes a compressor 20 that compresses the air-fuel mixture, a turbine 21 that generates power by receiving the energy of exhaust gas, and a shaft portion 22 that transmits the power obtained by the turbine 21 to the compressor 20.
[0015]
An intercooler 23 is provided downstream of the compressor 20 of the turbocharger 16 so as to communicate with the intake passage 10. The intercooler 23 uses, for example, cooling water as a cooling medium, and cools the air-fuel mixture compressed by the compressor 20 and having a high temperature. An intake manifold 25 for an engine 24 is provided downstream of the intercooler 23. The air-fuel mixture that has passed through the intake manifold 25 is introduced into the cylinders 26a, 26b, 26c, and 26d through the intake branch pipes 25a, 25b, 25c, and 25d. An exhaust manifold 30 is provided on the exhaust side of the engine 24, and exhaust gas inside the cylinders 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d is exhausted to exhaust branch pipes 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d. An exhaust passage 32 communicates downstream of the exhaust manifold 30 via a turbine 21 of the turbocharger 16.
[0016]
An exhaust throttle valve 33 is provided downstream of the turbine 21. The exhaust throttle valve 33 adjusts the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust after-treatment device 40 described later. On the downstream side of the exhaust throttle valve 33, an exhaust post-processing device 40 for removing polluting components such as PM and graphite contained in the exhaust gas is provided. An example of the exhaust after-treatment device 40 is a DPF including, for example, a heater 34 and a filter 35, which captures contaminated components with the filter 35 and incinerates and removes the contaminated components with the heater 34.
[0017]
An exhaust gas outlet 14 b of the EGR passage 14 diverging from the exhaust passage 32 is connected to the downstream side of the exhaust aftertreatment device 40. The exhaust gas purifying device 1 and an EGR cooler 61 described below are interposed in the EGR passage 14 from the upstream side.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 2 in an enlarged manner, the exhaust gas purifying device 1 has, for example, a cylindrical outer wall portion 42 functioning as a casing. An introduction port 43 through which EGR gas can be introduced is formed at one end of the outer wall portion 42. The other end of the outer wall portion 42 is provided with a discharge port 44 connected to the EGR passage 14. The inlet 43 and the outlet 44 communicate with the EGR passage 14.
[0019]
Inside the outer wall portion 42, a first cylindrical portion 45 is provided substantially concentrically with the outer wall portion 42. Both ends of the first cylindrical portion 45 are open, and an opening on the upstream side is connected to the inlet 43. A sufficient gap is formed between an opening 45a on the other end side of the first cylindrical portion 45 and an end wall 50a of a second cylindrical portion 50 described later. A sufficient gap is also formed between the peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 45 and the second cylindrical portion 50. The inside of the first cylindrical portion 45 is used as a first passage portion 46a.
[0020]
Further, a second cylindrical portion 50 is provided substantially concentrically with the outer wall portion 42 so as to cover the first cylindrical portion 45. One end of the second cylindrical portion 50 is open, and the other end is closed. The second cylindrical portion 50 is arranged with a gap so as not to contact the outer wall portion 42 and the first cylindrical portion 45, and is fixed at a predetermined position by, for example, a support member (not shown). However, it is assumed that this support does not hinder the flow of the EGR gas. The gap between the first cylindrical portion 45 and the second cylindrical portion 50 is used as a second passage 46b.
[0021]
The photocatalyst 53 is housed inside the outer wall portion 42. The photocatalyst 53 is composed of, for example, spherical silica gel having excellent adsorption ability and a transparent thin film of titanium dioxide coated on the silica gel and having excellent resolution. Titanium dioxide generates holes and electrons when irradiated with ultraviolet light. These holes and electrons have very strong reducing power and oxidizing power, and generate active oxygen by a reaction with moisture and the like. This active oxygen has a function of decomposing the attached contaminant components.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 2, the photocatalyst 53 is filled in the second passage 46b and a third passage 46c described later.
Further, an irradiating section 55 for irradiating light for activating the decomposition action of the contaminant component, which is attached to the photocatalyst 53, is housed inside the outer wall section 42. The irradiation unit 55 includes, for example, a black light fluorescent lamp that irradiates ultraviolet rays, and a switch unit (not shown) for turning on and off the irradiation of ultraviolet rays. A plurality of irradiation units 55 are provided on the inner side surface of the outer wall portion 42. The gap between the irradiation part 55 and the second cylindrical part 50 is used as the third passage part 46c.
[0023]
At least the second cylindrical portion 50 (wall portion) is formed of a material that transmits ultraviolet light so that the ultraviolet light emitted from the irradiation portion 55 is also applied to the photocatalyst 53 filled therein. One example of a material that transmits ultraviolet light is heat-resistant glass.
[0024]
The first cylindrical portion 45 is formed of a material that transmits ultraviolet light similarly to the second cylindrical portion 50, so that there is an advantage that the number of irradiation portions 55 can be reduced.
[0025]
The irradiation unit 55 is controlled by, for example, the ECU 60 (shown in FIG. 1). The ECU 60 is connected to, for example, an ignition switch (not shown). When the ignition switch is turned on and the engine 24 starts operating, the irradiation unit 55 is controlled to emit ultraviolet light for a predetermined time. For example, a temperature sensor 62a for measuring the temperature of the intercooler 23 and a temperature sensor 62b for measuring the temperature of an EGR cooler 61 described later are connected to the ECU 60. The temperature sensors 62a and 62b measure the temperature of the intake air (or the air-fuel mixture) downstream of the intercooler 23 and the temperature of the cooling water, respectively. The irradiation unit 55 is controlled so as to irradiate the ultraviolet rays for a predetermined time when the temperature of the intake air (or the air-fuel mixture) is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature or when the cooling water is low.
[0026]
An EGR cooler 61 is provided downstream of the exhaust gas purification device 1. The EGR cooler 61 cools the EGR gas using, for example, cooling water as a cooling medium. An EGR valve 63 is provided downstream of the EGR cooler 61 and near the junction 15. The EGR valve 63 adjusts the flow rate of EGR gas flowing into the intake passage 10.
[0027]
As described above, in the present embodiment, an LPL-EGR is configured to return the exhaust gas that has passed through the turbine 21 of the turbocharger 16 to the upstream side of the compressor 20 of the turbocharger 16 using the EGR passage 14.
[0028]
Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
During operation of the engine 24, most of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 24 is removed by an exhaust after-treatment device (DPF) 40. On the downstream side of the exhaust aftertreatment device 40, part of the exhaust gas flows into the EGR passage 14 as EGR gas and flows into the exhaust gas purification device 1.
[0029]
As shown by an arrow in FIG. 2, inside the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 1 for the internal combustion engine, the EGR gas flows through the first passage portion 46a, passes through the second passage portion 46b, and enters the third passage portion 46c. After entering and flowing through the third passage portion 46c, it exits through the outlet 44 of the outer wall portion 42. Thus, while the EGR gas flows through the second passage portion 46b and the third passage portion 46c, the EGR gas flows between the photocatalysts 53. Therefore, the contaminant component contained in the EGR gas is adsorbed on the photocatalyst 53.
[0030]
The irradiation unit 55 irradiates the photocatalyst 53 with ultraviolet rays under the control of the ECU 60 for a predetermined time (or at a low load) after the ignition switch is turned on and the engine 24 starts operating. The photocatalyst 53 adsorbs and holds the pollutant, and when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, decomposes the pollutant while consuming water by the action of titanium dioxide. Therefore, the water in the EGR gas is used and the water is removed along with the decomposition of the pollutant.
[0031]
Even when the temperature of the intake air (or the air-fuel mixture) downstream of the intercooler 23 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature or the temperature of the cooling water is low, the ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the irradiation unit 55 under the control of the ECU 60, and the contamination components adsorbed on the photocatalyst 53 are removed. With the decomposition action, the water in the EGR gas is removed. It is to be noted that the irradiation of ultraviolet rays at low exhaust gas temperatures at which pollutants including PM are likely to occur, such as low load, low intake air temperature, and low cooling water temperature, can effectively decompose the pollutants of the photocatalyst 53. it can.
[0032]
In addition, the photocatalyst 53 also has a property as a thermal catalyst, and during the operation of the engine 24, simultaneously with the adsorption of the pollutant, the pollutant is decomposed by the heat of the EGR gas.
[0033]
As described above, since the photocatalyst 53 is used in the exhaust gas purifying device 1, the pollutant component in the EGR gas is adsorbed by the photocatalyst 53, and is irradiated with ultraviolet rays when the engine 24 is started or when the cooling water of the intercooler 23 and the EGR cooler 61 is low. In addition, the moisture in the EGR gas is removed due to the action of decomposing titanium dioxide as a contaminant.
[0034]
For this reason, the adsorption ability and resolution of the pollutant component are enhanced, and the EGR cooler 61, the EGR valve 63, the intake throttle valve 13, the compressor 20, and the intercooler 23 can be prevented from being stained. Since the attachment of the contaminant is prevented, the EGR valve 63 and the intake throttle valve 13 are prevented from changing the cross-sectional area of the flow path due to the contaminant, and the accuracy of the flow control can be maintained. In the intercooler 23 and the EGR cooler 61, corrosion due to dew condensation of the water in the EGR gas can be prevented.
[0035]
Furthermore, the action of the photocatalyst 53 as a thermal catalyst can also decompose contaminant components. Further, by providing the first and second cylindrical portions 45 and 50 inside the outer wall portion 42, the EGR gas is supplied to the second passage portion 46b and the third passage portion 46c formed by the cylindrical portions 45 and 50. Therefore, the flow path of the EGR gas is formed long. For this reason, the contact time of the EGR gas with the photocatalyst 53 is prolonged, and the ability to adsorb contaminant components is enhanced.
[0036]
The method for forming the EGR gas flow path to be long is not limited to the above-described method, and various changes can be made. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a wall portion 57 may be provided to form the passage portions 47a and 47b. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the wall portions 58a, 58b may be provided to form the passage portions 48a, 48b, 48c to extend the EGR passage length. In this case, the walls 57, 58a, 58b are formed of a material that transmits ultraviolet light.
[0037]
Further, at least the second cylindrical portion 50 is formed of heat-resistant glass. For this reason, the ultraviolet rays irradiated from the irradiation unit 55 efficiently irradiate the photocatalyst 53 located inside the second and third passages 46b and 46c, and have sufficient heat resistance against the high-temperature EGR gas. have.
[0038]
In this embodiment, a black light fluorescent lamp is used as a light source, but an ultraviolet light emitting diode or a plasma generator may be used. Further, the photocatalyst 53 may coat a transparent thin film of titanium dioxide on the surface of the silica gel and the inner wall of the pores as in this embodiment, or a high concentration of titanium dioxide in the pores near the surface. It may be distributed.
[0039]
In carrying out the present invention including these, it goes without saying that the elements constituting the present invention can be appropriately converted and carried out without departing from the gist of the invention.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the contaminant contained in the EGR gas is decomposed by the photocatalyst, the contamination by the EGR gas can be prevented, and water is consumed when the photocatalyst decomposes the contaminant. Therefore, moisture contained in the EGR gas can be removed. For this reason, dew condensation in the intake system is prevented, and corrosion accompanying dew condensation can be prevented.
[0041]
According to the invention described in claim 2, the irradiation light can be prevented from being blocked by the wall inside the casing, and the irradiation light can be efficiently irradiated to the photocatalyst.
[0042]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the EGR cooler can be effectively cooled by preventing the EGR cooler from being contaminated, and the EGR cooler can be prevented from causing problems such as corrosion due to dew condensation. .
[0043]
According to the invention of claim 4, LPL (L ow P ressure L oop) -EGR is configured, relatively with lower temperature exhaust gas with is recirculated, especially condensation occurs easily discharged EGR cooler and an intercooler Even in an engine operating condition at a low gas temperature, the moisture in the EGR gas is removed along with the decomposition of the pollutant component of the photocatalyst, thereby preventing the EGR cooler and the intercooler further downstream from causing problems such as corrosion due to condensation. be able to.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the exhaust gas purifying apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a modified example of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a modified example of the exhaust gas purifying apparatus shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Exhaust gas purification apparatus 14 ... EGR passage 14a ... Return side opening 16 ... Turbocharger 20 ... Compressor 23 ... Intercooler 42 ... Outer wall part (casing)
43 ... inlet 44 ... outlet 45 ... 1st cylindrical part (wall which forms the passage of EGR gas)
50: second cylindrical portion (wall portion forming passage for EGR gas)
53 photocatalyst 55 irradiation part (light irradiation means)
57: Wall (wall forming EGR gas flow path)
58a: Wall (wall forming EGR gas flow path)
58b: Wall (wall forming EGR gas flow path)
61 ... EGR cooler.

Claims (4)

排気後処理装置によって浄化された排出ガスの一部を排気後処理装置の下流から吸気系へ戻すＥＧＲ通路と、
前記ＥＧＲ通路に設けられ、前記ＥＧＲガス中の汚染成分を分解可能な光触媒と、
前記光触媒を活性化する光を該光触媒に照射する光照射手段と、
を具備したことを特徴とする内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置。An EGR passage for returning a part of the exhaust gas purified by the exhaust aftertreatment device from a downstream side of the exhaust aftertreatment device to the intake system;
A photocatalyst provided in the EGR passage and capable of decomposing pollutants in the EGR gas;
Light irradiation means for irradiating the photocatalyst with light for activating the photocatalyst,
An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising: 前記ＥＧＲガスを導入可能な導入口と、該ＥＧＲガスを排出可能な排出口とを有するケーシングの内部に前記光触媒が収容され、該ケーシングの内部には、前記ＥＧＲガスの通路を延長するように形成するための壁部が設けられ、該壁部のうち、前記光照射手段と前記光触媒との間に位置する壁部が、前記光照射手段から照射される光を透過する部材で形成されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置。The photocatalyst is housed inside a casing having an inlet through which the EGR gas can be introduced and an outlet through which the EGR gas can be discharged, and the inside of the casing extends the passage of the EGR gas. A wall portion for forming is provided, and among the wall portions, a wall portion located between the light irradiation unit and the photocatalyst is formed of a member that transmits light irradiated from the light irradiation unit. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein: 前記ＥＧＲ通路の前記光触媒の下流にＥＧＲクーラが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置。The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein an EGR cooler is provided downstream of the photocatalyst in the EGR passage. 前記吸気系にターボチャージャのコンプレッサと、該コンプレッサ下流にインタクーラとが設けられ、該コンプレッサの上流側に前記ＥＧＲ通路の戻り側開口部が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排出ガス浄化装置。The compressor according to claim 1, wherein a compressor of a turbocharger is provided in the intake system, and an intercooler is provided downstream of the compressor, and a return opening of the EGR passage is connected to an upstream side of the compressor. Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine.
JP2002327204A 2002-11-11 2002-11-11 Exhaust emission control device of internal combustion engine Withdrawn JP2004162552A (en)

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