JP2004159518A - Method for grafting - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for grafting a scion on a rootstock, making seedlings easily grow after grafting, and resulting in automatization of the grafting. <P>SOLUTION: This method for grafting comprises the following process: removing a main leaf part 1a from a rootstock seedling 1, forming a longitudinal cut or a V-shaped groove on a stem 1c between a pair of cotylendons 1b, inserting a scion seedling 2 having the pair of cotylendons 2b obtained by cutting a stem 2c to a slant or into a wedge shape, and holding the joint part with a clip or a tape. By this method, both of the two pieces of cotylendons 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 are maintained and thereby the rootstock part is stronger than that obtained in a grafting method comprising cutting one leaf of the cotylendons 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 to join it to the scion seedling 2, and thereby labor for care required after grafting is remarkably reduced, and the growth period of the grafted plants can be shortened. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of grafting rootstock seedlings and spikelet seedlings.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The present applicant has filed applications for a large number of grafting robots as robots for producing grafted seedlings (for example, JP-A-2002-209439).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2002-209439
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the grafting robot developed by the inventors of the present invention, in joining the rootstock seedlings and the spikelet seedlings, one of the two rootstock seedlings is deleted to make one of the two cotyledons. Rootstock seedlings with cotyledons have lower rootstock momentum than rootstock seedlings that have both two cotyledons, the survival rate after grafting with the scion part is not necessarily high, and there is room for improvement. . The degree of growth of the grafted seedlings after rooting is also large in the rootstock part due to the stress caused by the cutting of one leaf of the cotyledon, and the growth is delayed by about one week as compared with the grafted part having the rootstock part having both cotyledons. I have.
[0005]
In addition, when the grafting robot performed cutting work to cut one cotyledon of the rootstock seedling, it was necessary to adjust the position of the cutting tool so that the removal of one leaf and the growth point was properly performed depending on the size of the seedling. .
[0006]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of grafting rootstocks and scions that facilitates the growth of seedlings after grafting and is easy to mechanize.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following configuration.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the true leaf portion 1a of the rootstock seedling 1 is removed, and the stem 1c between the pair of cotyledons 1b is vertically cut or a V-shaped groove is formed. A grafting method comprising inserting a scion seedling 2 obtained by cutting a stem 2c obliquely or wedge-shaped, leaving a pair of cotyledons 2b into a cut portion or a V-shaped groove, and holding the joined portion with a clip or tape. It is.
[0008]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, when grafting is performed by a method in which both the cotyledons 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 are left, one graft of the cotyledon 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 is cut and joined to the scion seedling 2. Since two cotyledons 1b remain in comparison with the method, nursery management after grafting is easier than in the case where one cotyledon is left.
[0009]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the joining direction of the scion seedlings 2 to the stock seedlings 1 is set such that when priority is given to the light reception of the cotyledons 1b and 2b of the stocks 1 and 2 When the direction of development of the cotyledon 1b and the direction of development of the cotyledon 2b of the scion seedling portion are orthogonal to each other, and priority is given to the balance of the joined seedlings, both cotyledons 1b and 2b of the rootstock seedling portion and the scion seedling portion are used. 2. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting is performed in the same developing direction.
[0010]
According to the second aspect of the invention, in addition to the operation of the first aspect, the direction of the cotyledons 1b and 2b can be changed according to the purpose of the joined seedling (whether light reception or balance of the joined seedling).
[0011]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, a concave portion 6a is provided at the center of one side surface of the pair of tape holders 6, and the tape 5 coated with an adhesive is held on the side surface of the holder 6 provided with the concave portion 6a; The grafting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the adhesive-applied surfaces of the pair of tape holders (6) are attached to a joint between the rootstock (1) and the scion (2).
[0012]
According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1 or 2, the surface of the seedling junction is covered with an inexpensive tape 5, so that the rootstock seedling 1 and the spikelet seedling 2 can be formed. Not only can the cut end be prevented from drying out, but it can also accommodate seedlings of various sizes, and the survival rate of grafts is improved as compared to holding the joints with clips.
[0013]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, each of the gripping portions 7a is formed into a semi-elliptical shape, and a spring-type clip 7 having symmetrically provided projections 7c for preventing slipping is provided on the opposing side surfaces of the semi-elliptical portion. The grafting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the joint is gripped.
[0014]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the operation of the first or second aspect, the semi-elliptical portion of each gripping portion 7a reliably grips the joined seedling, and the spring is provided via the projection 7c. Since the side surface of the joined seedling is pressed down toward the center by the biasing force F of 7b, the joining seedling can be prevented from coming off, and the joined seedling can be gripped so as to cover it.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the labor for curing after grafting can be greatly reduced, the growth period of grafting can be shortened, and the above grafting method can be applied to grafting of flowering plants such as roses and tea. .
[0016]
According to the second aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect of the invention, the survival rate is improved, and the growth period can be shortened.
[0017]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first or second aspect of the present invention, the survival rate of grafts is further improved by preventing the cut ends of the rootstock seedlings 1 and the scionling seedlings 2 from drying and growing. The period can be shortened.
[0018]
According to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the effects of the invention of claim 1 or 2, the survival rate of the grafted plant is further improved by the effect of securely grasping the joined seedlings and preventing the joining seedlings from coming off, and the growth period Can be shortened.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the present embodiment, when grafting the rootstock seedling and the earling seedling, the part of the true leaf 1a (the true leaf and the growing point) is removed from the front of the rootstock seedling 1 shown in FIG. 1 (b), while opening the pair of cotyledons 1b left and right, make a cut in the vertical direction in the stem 1c between the pair of cotyledons 1b (FIG. 1 (c)), and leave the pair of cotyledons 2b diagonally or The spikelet 2 obtained by cutting the stem 2c in a wedge shape is inserted into the cut portion of the stem 1c of the rootstock seedling 1 (FIG. 1D), and the joined portion is held by a clip or tape (not shown) ( The grafting method shown in FIG. 1 (e) is adopted.
[0020]
The cutting of the stem 1c of the rootstock 1 may be performed by vertically cutting the growing point from a direction perpendicular to the stem 1c or by V-shaped cutting.
[0021]
The scion seedling 2 cuts the stem 2c diagonally (FIG. 2 (a)) or wedge-shaped (FIG. 2 (b)). When priority is given to the light reception of the cotyledons 2b of the scion seedlings 2, the direction of development of the cotyledons 1b of the stock 1 is orthogonal to the direction of expansion of the cotyledons 2b of the scion seedlings 2 (FIG. 2C). When the priority is given to the balance of the joined seedlings, the development directions of both cotyledons 1b and 2b of the rootstock seedling 1 and the scionling seedling 2 are grafted in the same direction (FIG. 2D).
[0022]
When grafting vegetables (Cucurbitaceae) etc., instead of the grafting method in which one leaf of the cotyledon 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 is cut and joined to the scion seedling 2, both of the cotyledons 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 are used. When grafting is performed by the leaving method, nursery management after grafting is easy because two cotyledons 1b remain, labor for curing after grafting can be greatly reduced, and the growing period of grafts can be shortened. In addition, the above grafting method can also be applied to grafts of flowering trees such as roses and tea.
[0023]
In addition, the area around the joint between the rootstock seedling 1 and the scionling seedling 2 is temporarily fixed with a clip, an adhesive, a pin, or the like, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 1, the tape 5 to which the adhesive has been applied is held by a pair of tape holders 6 and is affixed to the joint between the rootstock seedling 1 and the hogi seedling 2 to temporarily fix the joint. Can be.
[0024]
A concave portion 6a is provided at the center of one side surface of the pair of tape holders 6, and the tape 5 coated with an adhesive is held on the side surface of the holder 6 provided with the concave portion 6a. Then, the tape 5 is adhered to the side surface of the joining portion of the seedling by pressing the tape holder 6 from both sides of the joining portion between the rootstock seedling 1 and the scion seedling 2. Thereafter, the tape holder 6 is removed, and the tape 5 for the next temporary fixing is held on the side surface of the tape holder 6. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show a cross section of a joint between the rootstock seedling 1 and the scionling seedling 2. FIG.
[0025]
In this way, by covering the surface of the seedling junction with the inexpensive tape 5, not only can the cut end of the rootstock seedling 1 and the cutting of the spikelet 2 be prevented from drying out, but also the seedlings of various sizes can be accommodated. The rate is improved compared to the retention of the joint by clips.
[0026]
When clipping the seedling junction, it is desirable to use a spring-type clip 7 having a pair of grips 7a shown in FIG. 4 (a) is a plan view of the clip 7, FIG. 4 (b) is a view as viewed from the direction of arrow S in FIG. 4 (a), and FIG. 4 (c) is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 4 (a). The figure is shown.
[0027]
Using the clip 7 having the spring 7b, the clip gripping portion 7a is formed into a semi-elliptical shape, and two protrusions 7c for preventing slip-off are provided on opposite sides of the semi-elliptical portion so as to be bilaterally symmetrical. It is provided. In addition, the semi-elliptical portion can reliably hold the joined seedling by making the length a of the long diameter side larger than about twice the length b of the short diameter side (a> 2b). Since the side surface of the joined seedling is pressed toward the center thereof by the urging force F of the spring 7b through the center (FIG. 4 (d)), the joined seedling can be prevented from coming off, and the joined seedling can be gripped in a form to cover the joined seedling. Less drying on the surface.
[0028]
On the other hand, in the conventional clip 17 shown in FIG. 8 (a), the difference between the size of the joining portion between the rootstock seedling 1 and the scionling seedling 2 and the size of the grip 17a of the clip 17 causes the joining seedling from the clip 17 in the direction of the arrow. 8 (b) and 8 (c) when the joint 17 is not grasped at the center of the clip grasping portion because the contact surface of the clip 17 with the joint 17 is flat. As shown in (c), the bonded seedling may come off the grip 17a in the direction of the arrow.
[0029]
In the joining of the rootstock seedling 1 and the scionling seedling 2 by the conventional grafting robot, the cotyledon development base 1d (FIG. 5 (a)) is used for positioning for cutting and joining each seedling. The cutting that leaves only one leaf of the cotyledon 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 is performed by using a blade provided at the tip of an arm that rotates by a rotary cylinder (not shown). Therefore, the rootstock seedling 1 is adjusted only by adjusting the turning radius of the arm. The cutting position of the cotyledon 1b could not be adjusted.
[0030]
For this reason, it was not possible to respond to the stage (seedling age) of the rootstock seedling 1 even though it could handle the diameter of the stem 1c of the rootstock seedling 1. When the seedling age increases, a cavity 1e is formed in the center of the rootstock seedling 1. Therefore, the seedling is positioned at the cotyledon development base 1d located between the stem 1c and the cotyledon 1b of the rootstock seedling 1. Alternatively, when the cutting position is finely adjusted so as to avoid the cavity 1e of the rootstock 1 (FIG. 5B), the survival rate of the joined seedlings is improved.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 5C, a cutting device (a razor, a cutter, etc.) 13 is used as a cutting device for forming a cut portion for inserting the scion seedling 2 after cutting the true leaves 1a of the rootstock seedling 1 of the grafting robot. A holding cylinder 9 for gripping the stem 1c while positioning the rootstock 1 at the cotyledon deployment base 1d of the rootstock 1 with a rotating cylinder (not shown) for circularly moving an arm provided at the tip. And a stopper 8 for stopping a blade coming down from above toward the cotyledon deployment base 1d of the rootstock 1 after cutting the true leaves 1a. The stopper 8 is preferably provided with a shock absorber.
[0032]
In this way, the cutting position of the stopper 8 can be finely adjusted so as to avoid the cavity of the seedling in the vertical or horizontal direction based on the position of the cotyledon development base 1d of the rootstock seedling 1 (see FIG. 5D). The survival rate increases.
[0033]
Conventionally, one leaf of the cotyledon 1b of the rootstock seedling 1 was completely cut and then joined. However, the cotyledon development base 1d of the rootstock seedling 1 was moved by a circular motion of an arm (not shown) having a cutting blade at its tip. By cutting, the cutting area can be increased, and the survival rate of the joined seedlings can be improved.
[0034]
In the case of grafts of Cucurbitaceae, the rootstock seedlings are soft and can be held while crushing the stems of the rootstock seedlings by gripping the joint between the rootstock seedlings and the earling seedlings with clips. However, in the case of a grafted plant of the Solanaceae family, the stem of the rootstock seedling 14 of the Solanaceae family and the stem of the scion seedling 15 of the Solanaceae family are both hard, and cannot be crushed by the clipping force. In addition, there are many cases where the stem diameter of the rootstock seedling 14 and the stem of the scionling seedling 15 are different from each other.
[0035]
Therefore, FIG. 6A is a diagram viewed from the direction of arrow S1 in the plan view of FIG. 6B, and FIG. 6B is a diagram viewed from the direction of arrow S2 in the plan view of FIG. c)), an integrally formed clip provided with a hinge portion 16b for opening and closing a grip portion 16a for gripping a joint portion of the grafted seedling, and an elastic portion 16c for supplying a gripping force to the grip portion 16a. In 16, tapered cuts 16 d are provided above and below the hinge portion 16 b. In this way, even if there is a difference between the stem diameters of the rootstock seedling 14 and the spikelet seedling 15, the left and right gripping parts 16a are gripped in a state of spreading downward as shown in FIG. In other words, the rootstock seedlings 14 and the scionling seedlings 15 can be properly grasped at the joint.
[0036]
7 (a) and 7 (b) are partial side views of a cutting device for cutting the stems 1c and 2c of the grafting robot before joining the rootstock seedling 1 or the scionling seedling 2 to the grafting robot.
[0037]
In the grafting robot, the ultraviolet lamp 11 is arranged at the initial position of the blade 10 for cutting the seedling (before and after cutting), and the grafting time is a maximum of 4.5 seconds of standby time and 3 times for each grafting. The irradiation time is 0.0 seconds. As the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp 11, short-wave ultraviolet light having high sterilizing power is used, and the periphery of the ultraviolet lamp 11 is covered with a cover 12, so that the human body such as eyes and skin is not affected.
[0038]
In the conventional grafting robot, a pot filled with water for cleaning the blade 10 is provided, and the blade 10 is immersed with a cylinder. However, this method can only wash off the sap of the plant attached to the blade 10. There was no bactericidal effect.
[0039]
Previously, users had suggested that if one sick seedling was cut, all the cut seedlings would become infected.However, the above-mentioned UV disinfection method irradiates the blade with ultraviolet light for 3 seconds during grafting. 10 sterilizations can be performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a grafting procedure of a rootstock seedling and a scion seedling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a grafting procedure of a rootstock seedling and a scion seedling according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view when the rootstock seedling and the scion seedling according to the embodiment of the present invention are joined.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a clip for joining a rootstock seedling and a scion seedling according to the embodiment of the present invention, and how the joined seedling is clipped.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state where a cut is made at a joint of the rootstock seedling and the scion seedling according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the shape and function of the clip according to the embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a side view (FIG. 7 (a)) and a front view (FIG. 7 (b)) showing a cleaning device portion of a blade of the cutting device of the grafting robot according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a conventional clip for joining a rootstock seedling and a scion seedling and clipping the joined seedling.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 rootstock seedling 1a true leaf 1b cotyledon 1c stem 1d root base of cotyledon development of rootstock seedling 1e cavity 2 ear tree seedling 2b cotyledon 2c stem 3 cutter 5 tape 6 tape holder 6a recess of tape holder 7 clip 7a clip holding part 7b Spring 7c Projection 8 Stopper 9 Gripping device 10 Cutting blade 11 Ultraviolet lamp 12 Cover 13 Cutting blade 14 Solanaceae rootstock seedling 15 Solanaceae splint seedling 16 Clip 16a Clip gripping part 16b Clip hinge part 16c Spring of clip Part 16d notch

Claims (4)

The true leaf 1a portion of the rootstock 1 is removed, and the stem 1c between the pair of cotyledons 1b is cut in the vertical direction or a V-shaped groove is formed, and the cut portion of the stem 1c or the V-shaped groove is formed. A grafting method, comprising inserting a scion seedling 2 obtained by cutting a stem 2c diagonally or in a wedge shape while leaving a pair of cotyledons 2b in a groove, and holding the joined portion with a clip or tape. The bonding direction of the scion seedling 2 to the stock 1 is determined by the direction of development of the cotyledon 1b of the stock and the scion 1b when light reception of the cotyledons 1b and 2b of the stock 1 and scion 2 is prioritized. In the case of grafting the cotyledons 2b of the seedling portion in a direction orthogonal to the direction of development, and when giving priority to the balance of the joined seedlings, the developing directions of both the cotyledons 1b and 2b of the rootstock seedling portion and the earling seedling portion are grafted in the same direction. 2. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting is performed. A concave portion 6a is provided at the center of one side surface of the pair of tape holders 6, and the tape 5 coated with an adhesive is held on the side surface of the holder 6 provided with the concave portion 6a. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive-applied surface is attached to a joint between the rootstock seedling 1 and the scionling seedling 2. Each of the holding portions 7a is formed in a semi-elliptical shape, and the rootstock seedlings 1 and the scion seedlings 2 are formed using a spring-type clip 7 having symmetrically provided projections 7c for preventing slippage on opposing side surfaces of the semi-elliptical portions. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the joint is gripped.

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