JP2004136206A - Method and apparatus for separating paper piece from plasterboard waste and animal bedding using the separated paper piece - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for separating paper piece from plasterboard waste and animal bedding using the separated paper piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、石膏ボード廃材から付着石膏分の少ない紙片（紙分）を分離回収する方法に関し、更に詳しくは、適度な大きさに破砕した石膏ボード廃材を焼成することにより二水石膏を半水石膏とし、次にこれを紙片と共に空気輸送した後で篩い工程にかけるという、全てを乾式の工程とした、付着石膏分の少ない紙片の分離回収方法及びその装置に関する。
さらに、本発明は以上の方法により石膏ボード廃材から分離された付着石膏分の少ない紙片を用いた動物用敷料（敷き藁）に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
石膏ボードは防耐火性、遮音性等を有し経済的であることから建築用資材として多用されている。このような石膏ボードは石膏を主体とする芯材を石膏ボード用原紙で被覆した板状の構造となっており、製品厚さ１２ｍｍの石膏ボードでは石膏量約９３重量％（以下、％と略称する。）、原紙量約７％の割合で構成されている。この石膏ボードは建築物のいたるところに使用されており、建築現場においては、使用部位の寸法に合せて切断された残りの端材や塊状又は粉状の屑（以下、廃材といい、建築現場にて発生するものを特に「新築廃材」という。）が発生している。新築廃材の発生量は建築時の使用量の約１０％強とも云われ、石膏ボードの年間使用量が約５００万トンであることを考えると約５０万トン前後の石膏ボードの廃材が産業廃棄物として発生している。また、既存建築物の解体により発生する石膏ボード廃材（以下、「解体廃材」という）があり、その発生量は日本石膏ボード工業会の見積りによれば２００２年度で約９０万トンであり、今後その量は増加すると見られている。
これらのうち、新築廃材についてはリサイクルシステムが確立されており、その発生量の約５０％は新たな石膏ボード製造の原料に利用されている。残りの新築廃材および解体廃材については、他の産業廃棄物同様埋め立て等により処分されているが、産業廃棄物の埋め立て等による処分は地中への埋設状態において有機物による嫌気性発酵等を生じる虞れ及び処分場の受入れ容量等の事情から社会的な解決すべき問題にされている。
一方、２００２年５月３０日から建設リサイクル法が施行されており、現在特定建設資材には指定されていないものの石膏ボード廃材に関しても、これを産業廃棄物として処分することなく有効に利用できる処理方法の開発が切望されている。
【０００３】
以上のように、今後、廃材リサイクル率の増加が見込まれているが、現在の石膏ボード廃材の原料石膏へのリサイクルは、まず、１０ｃｍ角程度の大きさに粗粉砕し、次に、数ｃｍ角程度の大きさに微粉砕してから、必要により篩いにかけて紙片を分離し、その後、通常の石膏ボード用原料石膏に配合することにより行われている。
【０００４】
しかし、石膏分を二水石膏のままで篩いにかけると分離した紙片の付着石膏分は５０％以上となり、それをさらに篩いにかけても、石膏分は５〜１０％減少するのみである。これは二水石膏のままでは石膏分が針状結晶として、原紙部分にしっかりと食い込んで接着しているためと考えられる。加えて、石膏ボード廃材が湿っていたり、濡れている場合には、輸送装置に付着したり、篩い装置が目詰まりするなどのトラブルを起こし易いという問題があった。
【０００５】
また、廃材リサイクル率が約５％前後と少ないうちは、紙分もそのまま全量リサイクルしてもさほど問題ではないが、リサイクル率が約１０％あるいはそれ以上となってくると、紙分を全量リサイクルしたのでは、製品コア中の紙分含有率が増加することとなり石膏ボード製品の防火性能上好ましくないばかりでなく、製造上も混練水量が多くなり好ましくない。また、製品のコア部分に紙片が散見されるようになり見栄えも悪くなるという問題がある。このように、紙分の全量リサイクルは防火性、生産性および品質等の面から限界があり、したがってリサイクル率を上げるためには廃材からの紙片の除去は不可避となりつつある。
【０００６】
一方、石膏ボード廃材から分離された紙片については、それに付着した石膏分が少ないものは、故紙原料、農業用（敷料用、肥料用）やその他の産業用途にそれをリサイクルできることが分かってきた。したがって、石膏分の少ない分離紙片を得る方法が切望されている。
【０００７】
この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては次のものがある。
【０００８】
特開平０６−１４２６３３号（特許文献１）は石膏ボードの廃材から石膏を回収する方法として石膏ボード廃材を加熱してボード用原紙を炭化させる方法を開示する。しかし、この方法では紙分を紙としてリサイクル利用することができなかった。
特開平０６−１４２６３８号（特許文献２）は石膏ボード廃材から石膏ボード用原紙と石膏を回収する方法として、石膏ボード廃材を加熱した後、水を施して石膏芯からボード用原紙を分離させ、原紙と石膏をそれぞれ回収する方法を開示する。しかし、本方法は焼石膏が付着している紙片に水を施す処理を行うため、工程が増え、遠心分離機を用いて石膏を回収したり、また紙分からも水分を乾燥除去しなければならない場合があるという問題があった。
【０００９】
また、特開平１０−２８６５５３号（特許文献３）は、石膏ボード廃材を破砕して、紙を大まかに剥離し、破砕片を所定のメッシュサイズ以下に分別して取出し、取出された破砕片から紙成分を除去する廃棄石膏ボード処理方法を開示する。しかし、本方法は石膏分を回収して再利用することを主目的としており、紙成分の多くを回収して再利用することはその技術課題とはしていない。そのため所定のメッシュサイズ以上の破砕片は焼却処理され、紙片に由来する焼却灰はバグフィルターにより石膏の焼却処理で得られた石灰粉から除去される。一方、所定のメッシュサイズ以下の破砕片は搬送途中に所定風量で送風して毛玉状の紙成分を吹き飛ばし、吸引回収される。なお、本方法は、石膏ボード廃材を焼成して石膏を焼石膏とすること及び紙片等を空気輸送することで付着石膏分を低減できることについては何ら記載及び示唆していない。
【００１０】
さらに、ＰＣＴ特許出願公開である国際公開第００／７６９３５ Ａ１（特許文献４）は、スタッコ（半水石膏）から所望量の紙を分離するための方法および装置として、廃材を破砕して焼成し、その後スタッコを遠心スクリーンと振動スクリーンの二種類のスクリーンにより篩い分けて紙を取り除く方法を開示している。この方法では紙含有量が低いスタッコを製造することが達成され、第一及び第二の篩い分けの後にスタッコから取り除かれた紙も実質的にスタッコを含まないので再利用に販売可能としている。しかし、この特許文献４の記載によれば、紙は結果として、石膏及び／又はスタッコの９０％超または９５％までもがなくなるとしている。廃材の初期石膏分と紙分の比をそれぞれ９３：７とし、紙分がすべて回収されたと仮定して計算すると、最終的に分離された紙における石膏と紙分の比は（４．６５〜９．３）：７となり、分離された紙片中の石膏濃度は３９．９〜５７．１％となり、この値は従来の石膏ボード廃材の焼成工程を経ない破砕と篩による紙片分離とほぼ同等のレベルである。
【００１１】
一方、特開２００１−２９４４９６号（特許文献５）は、石膏ボードの廃材を破砕して石膏と紙とを分別し、この分別後の紙を再度破砕して紙に付着していた石膏を除去した後の紙を家畜の糞尿の敷料である水分調整材として使用して堆肥を製造する方法を開示する。これは石膏ボード廃材からの回収紙を再利用するのに有効であるが、当該発明では石膏ボード廃材をそのまま破砕して石膏と紙とを分別しており、この方法を例えば有機物である石膏ボードの紙部分にカビやダニ等が付着した解体廃材に適用した場合、カビ・ダニ等がそのまま分離紙片である敷料に混入してしまうという問題が考えられる。
【００１２】
【特許文献１】
特開平０６−１４２６３３号（特許文献１）
【特許文献２】
特開平０６−１４２６３８号（特許文献２）
【特許文献３】
特開平１０−２８６５５３号（特許文献３）
【特許文献４】
国際公開第００／７６９３５ Ａ１（特許文献４）
【特許文献５】
特開２００１−２９４４９６号（特許文献５）
【００１３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、建築現場その他で発生する石膏ボード廃材（新築廃材及び解体廃材）を有効に再利用できる処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【００１４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、石膏ボード廃材を粉砕後焼成して二水石膏を半水石膏としてこれを空気輸送工程にかけると、簡便な通常の篩で篩うことで、石膏分と紙分を分離したときに、付着石膏（半水石膏）分の少ない紙片を効率良く分離回収することができるとの知見に基づいてなされたものである。
【００１５】
さらに、廃材を１００℃以上の温度で焼成することにより、廃材に付着したカビやダニ等を滅菌あるいは死滅させ得ることから、その後分離回収した紙片が特に農業用として牛舎などの敷料にも安全に再利用できるとの知見に基づいている。
すなわち、本発明の一つの態様は、
石膏ボード廃材を焼成に適する寸法に破砕する破砕工程と、
破砕された石膏ボード廃材を焼成する焼成工程と、
焼成された石膏ボード廃材を空気輸送する輸送工程と、
空気輸送された石膏ボード廃材から石膏と紙片を分離する篩工程と
からなることを特徴とする石膏ボード廃材からの紙片の分離方法である。
【００１６】
また、本発明の他の態様は、
石膏ボード廃材を焼成に適する寸法に破砕する破砕手段と、
破砕された石膏ボード廃材を焼成する焼成手段と、
焼成された石膏ボード廃材を空気輸送する輸送手段と、
空気輸送された石膏ボード廃材を石膏と紙片とに分離する篩手段
からなることを特徴とする石膏ボード廃材からの紙片の分離装置である。
【００１７】
さらに本発明の他の態様は、
上記石膏ボード廃材からの紙片の分離方法により分離された石膏ボード廃材からの紙片を用いたことを特徴とする動物用敷料である。
【００１８】
本発明の方法を施す対象となる石膏ボードは、一般に、石膏芯の回りを石膏ボード用原紙で被覆した形態にあり、その廃材の形状は板状、塊状または粉状である。特に、板状や塊状の場合には、均一に焼成できる大きさにするために焼成工程の前に破砕工程を設けることができる。そのときの破砕の度合いは、原紙の石膏芯との接着面に石膏が付着又は一部密着した状態のままであってもよく、石膏芯が均一に加熱できる粒径であればよい。好ましくは破砕片の長径が１００ｍｍ以下、更に好ましくは２０ｍｍ以下である。なお、このとき、廃材に天然石膏原石及び合成石膏の一方または両方からなる原料石膏を混合してその混合物を破砕工程に掛けても良い。このようにすることで廃材の破砕を効率的に行うことができる。
【００１９】
以上により得られた、破砕品を次の焼成する焼成工程に送るが、その前にこの破砕品を篩にかけ、篩を通過した石膏（二水石膏）粉を石膏原料として再利用し、篩上に残った石膏が付着した原紙のみを次の焼成工程に送ってもよい。このような工程を採用すると、石膏ボードの廃材の処理効率を大幅に向上させることができる。
【００２０】
また、この焼成工程への搬送途中において、金属除去用の磁石等を設けて、原紙から金属異物等の除去を行うことが推奨される。
【００２１】
本発明の焼成工程における加熱方法としては、石膏ボードの廃材をロータリーキルンなどを用いて直接加熱してもよく、竪釜などを用いる間接加熱する方法であってもよい。又、加熱温度としては、石膏（二水石膏）を半水石膏若しくは半水石膏中に可溶性無水石膏を一部含む形態（焼石膏）にできる温度であればよく、１００〜２００℃の範囲が例示される。好ましい温度範囲は１３０〜１９０℃である。上記温度範囲では通常０．２５〜３時間、好ましくは１〜２時間加熱するのがよい。
【００２２】
なお、本発明の好ましい態様においては、次の空気輸送工程に移る前に、焼成した石膏ボードの廃材を予備の篩工程に掛けてボード原紙と石膏分を分離させる。このときの分離法は乾式であれば何でもよく、例えば振動篩や回転篩が挙げられる。篩目のサイズとしては２〜２０ｍｍであり、好ましくは５〜８ｍｍである。回収した焼石膏は石膏ボード等の原材料として再利用できる。また、このとき、原紙の接着面から焼石膏を容易に分離できるように、焼成した石膏ボードの廃材を更に破砕することができる。破砕後の廃材の大きさは生産性や上記予備の篩の目詰まり防止等を考慮して長径を約２５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは１０ｍｍ以下の大きさに破砕するのがよい。このような破砕方法は、通常の圧縮、衝撃、剪断、摩擦及び切断によるものでよく、特に限定されない。この後、破砕品を上記の予備の篩工程にかけ、篩を通過した焼石膏粉を回収し、篩上に残った焼石膏の付着した原紙のみを、金属等の異物除去を目的として一時的に異物等沈降箱に通す。この異物等沈降箱は内部が空洞の円柱状または角柱状の筒体であって、その頂上部に紙片の投入口が開口しており、底部には異物抜き出し口が設けられ、且つ、その側面の上記投入口と底部の中間の適当な高さに空気流入口と空気排出口がそれぞれ設けられ、一定風量以上に調整された空気が前記流入口から排出口に向かって流れている。この箱内に投入された紙片は、箱の中で比重の大きい金属異物等が箱底部に沈降し、一方比重の小さい紙片は空気流により空気排出口から箱の外へ搬出される。このように比重差を利用して金属異物等から分別された紙片を順に次の空気輸送工程に送る。
【００２３】
本発明では、次いで上記焼成した破砕廃材またはそれを予備の篩工程にかけて篩上に分離したボード原紙を次に空気輸送する。空気輸送の工程にかけることにより、驚くべきことにその後の篩工程によって付着石膏を紙片から効率良く分離できる。
【００２４】
この空気輸送は、輸送物紙片を管状の輸送路を使い、空気を媒体として輸送するものであり、従来から一般的に使われている低圧輸送（低密度輸送）方式が好ましい。これは輸送用空気の速度エネルギーを利用した輸送方式で、輸送風速は輸送物紙片及び輸送距離に応じ５〜５０ｍ／秒程度必要で、配管内を輸送物紙片が浮遊しながら飛んで行く。また、例えば輸送物重量（ｋｇ）を輸送物密度（ｋｇ／ｍ３）と毎分当たりの空気量（ｍ３）と輸送時間（分）を乗じた値で除して得られる混合比は、５以下と低く、通常１以下で設計する。濃度が低い為、輸送圧力は０．１０ＭＰａ（１ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２）以下となり、空気源としては圧力変動に対して、風量が比較的一定なルーツブロワを採用する。
【００２５】
この方式には、管内の圧力をプラス圧で輸送する圧送式と、マイナス圧で輸送する吸引式、さらにその組み合わせで輸送する吸引圧送式があり、そのいずれでも良い。また輸送風速は５〜５０ｍ／秒、輸送物と輸送空気の混合比は５以下で、輸送配管の長さは１０〜３００ｍとする。
輸送風速が５ｍ／秒未満では紙片の攪拌が不十分で紙からの石膏の分離が促されないことがありまた輸送効率も悪く、一方５０ｍ／秒を超えてもそれ以上は紙からの石膏の分離や紙片の空気輸送で効率が格別には向上しない。
また輸送物と輸送空気の混合比は特に限定するものではないが、その比が５を超えると、例えば圧送法の場合では単位圧縮空気容量当りの輸送量が多すぎて付着石膏の紙片からの分離効率が劣る結果となる。
空気輸送距離に関して、その距離が１０ｍ未満ではその後の篩工程での石膏分の分離効率が不十分な結果となり、空輸の効果が出ない。またその距離は長ければ長いほど好ましいが、３００ｍを超えると設備やスペースが大きなものとなるため、費用対効果の関係からあまり合理的なものでなくなる。空気輸送の距離は好ましくは５０〜１５０ｍである。
【００２６】
なお、空気輸送中の紙分と石膏の分離効率を上げるために、直管中にじゃま板を設けること、圧縮空気を送るときにエアーノズルを使用して空気を旋回させること、及びその他空輸途中において空気の気流や風力を利用した各種の流動層式、回転式またはサイクロン型の分級や選別のための装置を介在させることで、紙片と空気との攪拌や衝撃を高めることができる。
【００２７】
輸送物紙片は、サイクロン又はサイクロンとバグフィルターを組合わせたもので捕集する。
【００２８】
空輸後の篩工程は前記予備の篩工程と同様の遠心式篩や振動式篩装置等で行う。篩の目のサイズは２〜８ｍｍ、好ましくは２〜４ｍｍである。
【００２９】
ここで実際の実験において、上記予備の篩工程の篩い上の紙片は約４０％（以下単に％と表示する）の石膏分が付着している。これを空気輸送した後篩にかけると篩上に残る紙片の石膏付着分は少なくとも３０％以下とすることができ、好ましくは最終的に１０％以下、さらに好ましくは５％以下とすることができ、再利用に極めて有用なレベルとなる。
【００３０】
上記の空気輸送の工程を経ないで、第２の篩工程にかけた場合、複数回の篩を行ったとしても篩上に残る紙片の石膏付着分が３０％を下回ることは稀であり、２０％以下は困難である。
【００３１】
ところで近年の建築物や住宅における高断熱、高気密化の室内では、湿気によりカビが生えやすく、さらにそのカビにより、喘息やアトピー性皮膚炎等を起こしやすくなると言われている。このようなカビは建築物や家屋の内装建材として使用される石膏ボードの解体廃材に付着していることがある。このような建物や住宅内に発生するカビの主なものは、アレルギー患者の原因になる黒色のかびであるクラドスポリウム、喘息の原因にもなるススカビと呼ばれるアルテルナリアおよび繊維質や木材、紙、クロス表面、畳、エアコンや加湿器などから多く検出されるトリコデルマ（ツチアオカビ）などである。
またカビ以外にも、屋内の湿気のあるところで増殖するダニ類やその他の害虫類が解体廃材には付着していることがある。ダニ類としては室内塵に最も多く発生し、アトピー性皮膚炎、喘息、アレルギー性疾患の主な原因とされているヒョウヒダニや畳やワラ積にも大発生するケナガコナダニおよび屋内の塵・畳・家畜小屋・倉庫などに発生し、皮疹を起こすツメダニ等が例示される。
上記カビの滅菌法としては、加熱法、ろ過法、照射法、ガス法及び薬液法などがあるが、本発明の焼成工程はこの内の加熱法に分類される乾熱法に相当するものである。この乾熱滅菌によれば、前記のとおり加熱温度は１００〜２００℃の範囲が例示され、好ましい温度範囲は１３０〜１９０℃である。上記温度範囲で通常０．２５〜３時間、好ましくは１〜２時間加熱するため全てのカビを死滅、除去することができる。この場合、カビの胞子や芽胞など休眠状態のものも死滅させる。またこれは同様に上記ダニ類や害虫類の完全死滅にも有効である。
したがって、本発明において、焼成工程を経た廃材はカビやダニ類が完全に滅菌・死滅状態になり、その後分離される紙片もカビ等が死滅、除去されたものとなっており、カビ等の残存による家畜の健康への悪影響等の不都合を気にすることなく再利用に供することができる。
【００３２】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施形態及び実施例を説明する。
【００３３】
図１は本発明の実施形態における石膏ボード廃材からの石膏と紙の分離工程を示すフローチャートである。
【００３４】
以下、図１に示すフローチャートに従って具体的に実施した実施例について説明する。
（実施例１）
まず、石膏ボード廃材からの石膏と紙の分離方法について説明する。家や建築物の新築現場または家屋などの解体工事現場で発生する廃材および端材などの石膏ボード廃材（厚さ１２ｍｍの石膏ボードの端材の場合、原紙は全体の約７％）を、搬送して処理施設に収集する。そこで、計量、異物混入の確認、除去を行った後、４軸破砕機により廃材を一次破砕する（一次破砕工程）。このときの破砕は、一辺が３０ｍｍ以下となる程度の大きさとし、両側の紙とその間に挟まれた石膏とが分離する状態になるまで破砕する。この一次破砕で分離した石膏は全量が２０ｍｍ未満の粉粒状となる。
【００３５】
一次破砕後、篩目２０ｍｍの振動篩で石膏と紙（一部石膏が付着している）に一次分別し、回収した粉粒状の石膏は再生利用する。
【００３６】
なお、次の焼成工程前に、一次分別した紙片を更に二次破砕しても良い。このように紙片を二次破砕することにより、次の加熱工程への送り出しの円滑化やその後に行う篩工程での目詰まり等の軽減をすることができる。
【００３７】
上記一次分別後の紙にはまだ石膏が少量付着しているが、これをロータリードライヤーに投入し、焼き上げ温度１６５℃、加熱時間１．０時間の条件で焼成して、二水石膏を半水石膏（焼石膏）に転位させた。この加熱品の石膏部分をＸ線回析で確認したところ、二水石膏及びＩＩ型無水石膏はなく全て半水石膏（焼石膏）であった。塊状又は粒状の石膏はすべて粉末となり、原紙は４〜８ｍｍ程度の紙片となってこの焼石膏中に混在していた。
【００３８】
上記加熱品を５ｍｍ目篩の遠心式篩にかけ石膏分を篩って篩上に紙分を分離回収した。以上の２度の篩で分離された石膏分は若干紙分を含むもののそのまま石膏ボード製造の原料として使用した。
【００３９】
続いて、篩上に回収した原紙は前記異物等沈降箱を通し、比重差を利用した空気分別により金属異物等を除去して引続き空気輸送を行った。
【００４０】
空気輸送は圧送式とし、円形の内径１０ｃｍのステンレス管中を風速２５ｍ／秒、空気混合比０．５にて、１００ｍ輸送した。輸送した原紙はサイクロン及びバグフィルターで捕集した。
【００４１】
引続き、空気輸送した原紙を４ｍｍ目篩の遠心式篩にかけることにより紙分の付着石膏を除去し、さらに続けて４ｍｍ目篩の振動篩にかけて、篩上に原紙を回収した。
【００４２】
このようにして最終的に回収した紙片には依然少量の焼石膏が付着していた。一方、篩下品は若干の紙分を含むものの大半が焼石膏粉末であるため、そのまま石膏ボード用焼石膏として利用できるものであった。
【００４３】
次に、上記焼石膏が付着している最終分離紙片から適当量を採取し、その重量（Ｗ０）を測定した。次にこれを多量の０．５％の希塩酸に１５時間浸漬して、流水で洗浄して石膏分を除去した後、４０℃２４時間の条件下に静置して水分を乾燥除去して紙片を得、この重量（Ｗ１）を測定した。洗浄前の総重量との差を石膏分として、上記篩上に残った回収紙片中の石膏分割合を次式により計算で求めた。
【００４４】
紙片中の石膏分割合＝（Ｗ０−Ｗ１）／Ｗ０×１００（％）
（実施例２）
予備の篩工程を省略し、空気輸送の距離を６０ｍとした以外はすべて実施例１と同様とした。
【００４５】
（実施例３）
空気輸送の距離を５０ｍとした以外はすべて実施例１と同様とした。
【００４６】
（実施例４）
空気輸送の距離を２０ｍとした以外はすべて実施例１と同様とした。
【００４７】
（比較例１）
空気輸送を実施しなかった以外は、すべて実施例１と同様にした。
【００４８】
（比較例２）
焼成を実施しなかった以外は、すべて実施例１と同様とした。
【００４９】
（比較例３）
焼成および空気輸送を実施しなかった以外は、すべて実施例１と同様とした。
【００５０】
以上の実施例及び比較例の結果を（表１）にまとめて示す。
【００５１】
【表１】
（実施例５）
［動物用敷料］
＜解体廃材からの紙片分離＞
金属等の異物を除去した解体廃材で、ボード原紙へのカビの付着とそれに基づく黒い変色が認められるものが混入した廃材を用いた以外はすべて実施例１と同様にして紙片を分離した。この分離紙片を目視により観察したが、当初のカビは認められず、また変色の度合いも軽減されていた。
【００５２】
＜牛舎の敷料への利用＞
上記のようにして得られた分離紙片をおがくずと共に混合して牛舎の敷料として使用した。この敷料は牛の健康状態に影響を与えること無く使用できた。またこの敷料を牛糞とともに搬出して堆肥として堆積し、敷料の敷き込みと搬出を２週間ごとに繰り返した。堆肥材は発酵の後、完熟して最終的に牛糞６０重量％、分離紙片２０重量％及びおがくず２０重量％からなる堆肥が得られた。
（比較例４）
［動物用敷料］
＜解体廃材からの紙片分離＞
実施例５で使用したものと同じ廃材を用い、焼成工程を除いた以外はすべて実施例１と同様にして紙片を分離した。この分離紙片を目視により観察したが、カビの付着と黒色の変色が残っていることが認められた。
【００５３】
なお、この分離紙片は牛の健康状態への悪影響が懸念されたため牛舎の敷料としての再利用はしなかった。
【００５４】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、建築現場その他で発生する石膏ボードの廃材を、粉砕して、焼成後、焼成した廃材を空気輸送して篩い分けするという簡便な全乾式の方法により、従来より石膏付着分を少なくした紙片を分離回収することができる。このようにして回収した石膏は種々の石膏製品の原材料として再使用でき、また紙片は、故紙としてあるいは農業用資材（敷料や肥料用）またはその他の産業用途に使用可能である。したがって、本発明によれば今後増大が予想される建築工事に伴い排出される石膏ボード廃材を石膏と清浄な紙に分離回収することから、石膏ボード廃材の大部分の再利用を可能とするものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施形態における石膏ボード廃材からの石膏と紙の分離工程を示すフローチャートである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for separating and recovering paper pieces (paper parts) having a small amount of adhered gypsum from gypsum board waste material, and more particularly, firing dihydrate gypsum by baking gypsum board waste material crushed to an appropriate size. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating and recovering a piece of paper with a small amount of adhered gypsum, which is a dry process in which the gypsum is made into gypsum, which is then pneumatically transported together with the piece of paper and then subjected to a sieving step.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to an animal litter (litter) using a piece of paper with little attached gypsum separated from waste gypsum board by the above method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Gypsum board is widely used as a building material because it is economical with fire resistance, sound insulation and the like. Such a gypsum board has a plate-like structure in which a gypsum-based core material is covered with a gypsum board base paper, and a gypsum board having a product thickness of 12 mm has a plaster amount of about 93% by weight (hereinafter abbreviated as%). ), The base paper amount is about 7%. This gypsum board is used everywhere in the building. At the construction site, the remaining offcuts or lump or powdery debris (hereinafter referred to as waste material) In particular, what is generated at the site is referred to as “new construction waste.” The amount of new construction waste is said to be about 10% or more of the amount used during construction. Considering that the annual consumption of gypsum board is about 5 million tons, about 500,000 tons of gypsum board waste is industrial waste. It occurs as an object. In addition, there is gypsum board waste generated from the demolition of existing buildings (hereinafter referred to as “demolition waste”), and the amount generated is estimated to be approximately 900,000 tons in FY2002 according to estimates by the Japan Gypsum Board Industry. The amount is expected to increase.
Among them, a recycling system has been established for newly constructed waste materials, and about 50% of the generated amount is used as a raw material for producing new gypsum board. Remaining new construction waste materials and demolition waste materials are disposed of by landfilling like other industrial wastes. However, disposal of industrial wastes by landfilling may cause anaerobic fermentation by organic matter when buried underground. It is a social problem to be solved due to the situation and the capacity of the disposal site.
On the other hand, the Construction Recycling Law was enforced on May 30, 2002, and although gypsum board waste is not currently specified as a specific construction material, it can be used effectively without disposing of it as industrial waste. The development of a method is eagerly needed.
[0003]
As described above, the waste material recycling rate is expected to increase in the future. However, the current recycling of gypsum board waste material into raw material gypsum is first roughly crushed to a size of about 10 cm square, and then several cm It is performed by finely pulverizing into a square size, sieving if necessary, separating the paper pieces, and then blending the resulting pieces into ordinary gypsum board gypsum.
[0004]
However, when the gypsum content is sieved in the form of gypsum dihydrate, the gypsum content of the separated piece of paper becomes 50% or more, and when the gypsum content is further sieved, the gypsum content is reduced only by 5 to 10%. It is considered that this is because the gypsum component is in the form of needle-like crystals as it is in the form of dihydrate gypsum and bites into the base paper portion and adheres. In addition, when the gypsum board waste material is wet or wet, there is a problem that troubles such as adhesion to a transport device and clogging of a sieving device are easily caused.
[0005]
Also, as long as the waste material recycling rate is as low as about 5%, it is not a problem to recycle the entire paper as it is, but when the recycling rate becomes about 10% or more, the entire paper is recycled. If this is done, the paper content in the product core increases, which is not only unfavorable in terms of the fire protection performance of the gypsum board product, but also undesirably increases the amount of kneading water in production. In addition, there is a problem that a piece of paper is scattered around the core portion of the product and the appearance is deteriorated. As described above, the entire recycling of paper has a limit in terms of fire resistance, productivity, quality, and the like. Therefore, removal of paper pieces from waste materials is becoming inevitable in order to increase the recycling rate.
[0006]
On the other hand, it has been found that a piece of paper separated from waste gypsum board waste, which has a small amount of gypsum attached thereto, can be recycled for waste paper raw materials, agricultural use (for litter, fertilizer) and other industrial uses. Therefore, a method for obtaining a separation paper piece with less gypsum is desired.
[0007]
Prior art document information related to the invention of this application includes the following.
[0008]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-142633 (Patent Document 1) discloses a method for recovering gypsum from waste gypsum board by heating gypsum board waste to carbonize board base paper. However, this method cannot recycle paper as paper.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-142638 (Patent Document 2) discloses a method for collecting gypsum board base paper and gypsum from gypsum board waste, heating the gypsum board waste and then applying water to separate the board base paper from the gypsum core. A method for collecting base paper and gypsum is disclosed. However, in this method, water is applied to a piece of paper to which calcined gypsum is attached, so the number of steps is increased, and gypsum must be collected using a centrifugal separator, and moisture must also be removed from paper by drying. There was a problem that sometimes.
[0009]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-286553 (Patent Document 3) discloses a method in which waste gypsum board is crushed, the paper is roughly peeled off, the crushed pieces are separated into pieces having a predetermined mesh size or less, and the crushed pieces are taken out from the crushed pieces. A method for treating waste gypsum board for removing components is disclosed. However, the main purpose of this method is to collect and reuse gypsum, and it is not a technical problem to collect and reuse many of the paper components. Therefore, crushed pieces having a predetermined mesh size or more are incinerated, and incinerated ash derived from the paper pieces is removed from the lime powder obtained by the incineration of gypsum by a bag filter. On the other hand, crushed pieces having a predetermined mesh size or less are blown at a predetermined air volume in the course of transport to blow off pill-shaped paper components, and are collected by suction. This method does not disclose or suggest that calcined gypsum is obtained by baking gypsum board waste material and that the amount of adhered gypsum can be reduced by pneumatically transporting a piece of paper or the like.
[0010]
In addition, PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 00/76935 A1 (Patent Document 4) discloses a method and an apparatus for separating a desired amount of paper from stucco (semihydrate gypsum) by crushing and firing waste materials. Discloses a method of removing paper by sieving the stucco through two types of screens, a centrifugal screen and a vibrating screen. This method achieves the production of low content stucco, and the paper removed from the stucco after the first and second sieving is substantially free of the stucco and can be sold for reuse. However, according to the description of this document, the paper results in less than 90% or even up to 95% of the gypsum and / or stucco. The ratio of gypsum and paper in the finally separated paper is (4.65-65), assuming that the ratio of the initial gypsum and paper in the waste material is 93: 7, respectively, and that the paper is completely recovered. 9.3): 7 and the gypsum concentration in the separated piece of paper was 39.9 to 57.1%, which is almost the same as the separation of paper pieces by crushing and sieving without the conventional gypsum board waste baking process. Level.
[0011]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-294496 (Patent Literature 5) discloses that gypsum board waste is crushed to separate gypsum and paper, and the separated paper is crushed again to remove gypsum adhering to the paper. Disclosed is a method for producing compost by using the paper after the above as a moisture adjusting material that is a litter for livestock manure. This is effective for reusing the recovered paper from gypsum board waste material, but in the present invention, the gypsum board waste material is crushed as it is to separate gypsum and paper, and this method is used, for example, for organic gypsum board. When applied to dismantled waste materials in which molds, ticks, etc. adhere to the paper portion, there is a problem that molds, ticks, etc., are directly mixed into the litter, which is a piece of separated paper.
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-06-142633 (Patent Document 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 06-142638 A (Patent Document 2)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-10-286553 (Patent Document 3)
[Patent Document 4]
WO 00/76935 A1 (Patent Document 4)
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2001-294496 A (Patent Document 5)
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a processing method capable of effectively reusing gypsum board waste materials (new construction waste materials and demolition waste materials) generated at construction sites and the like.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, when the gypsum board waste material is crushed and fired and gypsum dihydrate is subjected to a pneumatic transport process as hemihydrate gypsum, by sieving with a simple ordinary sieve, when the gypsum component and the paper component are separated In addition, the present invention has been made based on the finding that paper pieces with little attached gypsum (semihydrate gypsum) can be efficiently separated and collected.
[0015]
Furthermore, by firing the waste material at a temperature of 100 ° C. or more, molds and ticks attached to the waste material can be sterilized or killed. Based on the finding that it can be reused.
That is, one embodiment of the present invention is:
A crushing process for crushing gypsum board waste material to a size suitable for firing,
A firing step of firing the crushed gypsum board waste material,
A transportation process of pneumatically transporting the calcined gypsum board waste material,
A method for separating paper pieces from gypsum board waste material, comprising: a sieving step of separating gypsum and paper pieces from pneumatically transported gypsum board waste material.
[0016]
Also, another aspect of the present invention,
Crushing means for crushing gypsum board waste material to a size suitable for firing,
Firing means for firing the crushed gypsum board waste material,
Transportation means for pneumatically transporting the calcined gypsum board waste material,
An apparatus for separating paper pieces from gypsum board waste material, comprising a screen means for separating the gypsum board waste material transported by air into gypsum and paper pieces.
[0017]
Yet another aspect of the invention provides
An animal litter characterized by using a piece of paper from waste gypsum board separated by the method for separating a piece of paper from waste gypsum board.
[0018]
The gypsum board to be subjected to the method of the present invention is generally in a form in which a gypsum core is covered with a gypsum board base paper, and the shape of the waste material is plate, lump or powder. In particular, in the case of a plate or lump, a crushing step can be provided before the sintering step in order to make the sintering size uniform. The degree of crushing at that time may be such that the gypsum may be adhered or partially adhered to the adhesive surface of the base paper with the gypsum core, and may be any particle diameter that allows the gypsum core to be uniformly heated. Preferably, the major axis of the crushed pieces is 100 mm or less, more preferably 20 mm or less. At this time, raw gypsum composed of one or both of natural gypsum raw stone and synthetic gypsum may be mixed with the waste material, and the mixture may be subjected to a crushing step. By doing so, the waste material can be efficiently crushed.
[0019]
The crushed product obtained as described above is sent to the next firing step for firing. Before that, the crushed product is sieved, and the gypsum (dihydrate gypsum) powder that has passed through the sieve is reused as a gypsum raw material. Only the base paper to which the gypsum has adhered may be sent to the next baking step. By adopting such a process, the processing efficiency of the waste material of the gypsum board can be greatly improved.
[0020]
It is recommended that a metal or the like be provided for metal removal during the transportation to the baking step to remove metal foreign matter and the like from the base paper.
[0021]
As the heating method in the firing step of the present invention, the waste material of the gypsum board may be directly heated using a rotary kiln or the like, or may be an indirect heating method using a vertical pot or the like. The heating temperature may be any temperature at which gypsum (dihydrate gypsum) can be converted into hemihydrate gypsum or a form containing calcined anhydrous gypsum partially in calcined gypsum (gypsum gypsum). Is exemplified. The preferred temperature range is 130-190 ° C. In the above-mentioned temperature range, heating is usually performed for 0.25 to 3 hours, preferably 1 to 2 hours.
[0022]
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waste material of the calcined gypsum board is subjected to a preliminary sieving step to separate gypsum components from the board base paper before moving to the next pneumatic transportation step. The separation method at this time may be any dry method, and examples thereof include a vibration sieve and a rotary sieve. The size of the sieve is 2 to 20 mm, preferably 5 to 8 mm. The recovered calcined gypsum can be reused as a raw material such as a gypsum board. At this time, the waste material of the calcined gypsum board can be further crushed so that the calcined gypsum can be easily separated from the adhesive surface of the base paper. The size of the waste material after crushing is preferably crushed to a size of about 25 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less, in consideration of productivity and prevention of clogging of the preliminary sieve. Such a crushing method may be based on ordinary compression, impact, shear, friction and cutting, and is not particularly limited. Thereafter, the crushed product is subjected to the preliminary sieving process described above, and the calcined gypsum powder that has passed through the sieve is collected, and only the base paper to which the calcined gypsum is left on the sieve is temporarily removed for the purpose of removing foreign substances such as metals. Pass through the sedimentation box for foreign objects. The sedimentation box for foreign matter etc. is a hollow cylindrical or prismatic cylindrical body with an opening at the top for a paper chip input port, a foreign matter discharge port at the bottom, and a side surface thereof. An air inlet and an air outlet are respectively provided at an appropriate height between the above-mentioned inlet and the bottom, and air adjusted to a certain air volume or more flows from the inlet to the outlet. Metal pieces having a high specific gravity settle in the box at the bottom of the box, while paper pieces having a low specific gravity are carried out of the box through an air outlet by an air flow. The pieces of paper separated from the metal foreign matter and the like utilizing the difference in specific gravity are sequentially sent to the next pneumatic transportation step.
[0023]
In the present invention, the fired crushed waste material or the board base paper obtained by subjecting the crushed waste material to a preliminary sieving step and separating the crushed waste material on the sieve is then transported by air. Surprisingly, by subjecting it to a pneumatic transport step, the attached gypsum can be efficiently separated from the paper pieces by a subsequent sieving step.
[0024]
In this pneumatic transport, the transported paper pieces are transported by using air as a medium using a tubular transport path, and a low-pressure transport (low-density transport) method which has been generally used conventionally is preferable. This is a transportation method using the velocity energy of transportation air. The transportation wind speed is required to be about 5 to 50 m / sec depending on the transportation paper piece and the transportation distance, and the transportation paper piece flies while floating in the pipe. Further, for example, the mixing ratio obtained by dividing the weight of the transported product (kg) by a value obtained by multiplying the density of the transported product (kg / m 3 ), the amount of air per minute (m 3 ), and the transport time (minute) is as follows: Designed to be as low as 5 or less, usually 1 or less. Since the concentration is low, the transport pressure is 0.10 MPa (1 kgf / cm 2 ) or less, and a roots blower having a relatively constant air volume with respect to pressure fluctuation is adopted as an air source.
[0025]
As this method, there are a pumping type in which the pressure in the pipe is transported with a positive pressure, a suction type in which the pressure is transported in a negative pressure, and a suction type in which the pressure is transported in a combination thereof. The transport wind speed is 5 to 50 m / sec, the mixing ratio between the transported material and the transport air is 5 or less, and the length of the transport pipe is 10 to 300 m.
When the transport wind speed is less than 5 m / sec, the separation of gypsum from paper may not be promoted due to insufficient stirring of the paper pieces and the transport efficiency may be poor. Efficiency is not significantly improved by pneumatic transport of paper or paper.
The mixing ratio between the transported material and the transported air is not particularly limited, but if the ratio exceeds 5, for example, in the case of the pressure feeding method, the transported amount per unit compressed air volume is too large, and the amount of the adsorbed gypsum from the paper piece is reduced. This results in poor separation efficiency.
Regarding the air transport distance, if the distance is less than 10 m, the separation efficiency of the gypsum in the subsequent sieving process will be insufficient, and the air transport effect will not be obtained. The longer the distance, the more preferable. However, if the distance exceeds 300 m, the equipment and space become large, so that it is not very reasonable from the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness. The distance of the pneumatic transport is preferably between 50 and 150 m.
[0026]
In order to increase the efficiency of separating paper and gypsum during pneumatic transportation, baffle plates should be provided in straight pipes, air should be swirled using air nozzles when compressed air is sent, and other during air transportation. By interposing various fluidized bed, rotary or cyclone type devices for classifying and sorting using air currents and wind power in the above, it is possible to increase the agitation and impact between the paper pieces and the air.
[0027]
The transport paper pieces are collected by a cyclone or a combination of a cyclone and a bag filter.
[0028]
The sieve process after the air transport is performed by the same centrifugal sieve or vibrating sieve device as in the preliminary sieve process. The sieve mesh size is 2 to 8 mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm.
[0029]
Here, in an actual experiment, about 40% (hereinafter simply referred to as%) of gypsum is adhered to a piece of paper on the sieve in the preliminary sieve process. When this is pneumatically transported and sieved, the gypsum adhesion of paper pieces remaining on the sieve can be at least 30% or less, preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less. , An extremely useful level for reuse.
[0030]
In the case where the paper is subjected to the second sieving step without passing through the above-described pneumatic transportation step, even if the sieving is performed a plurality of times, the amount of gypsum adhering to the piece of paper remaining on the screen is rarely less than 30%. % Or less is difficult.
[0031]
By the way, it is said that mold tends to grow in a room with high heat insulation and high airtightness in a building or a house in recent years, and the mold tends to cause asthma and atopic dermatitis. Such a mold may adhere to the dismantling waste of a gypsum board used as an interior building material of a building or a house. The main types of mold that develop in such buildings and houses are Cladosporium, a black mold that causes allergic patients, Alternaria, called scabi, which also causes asthma, and fiber, wood, and paper. , Trichomes, tatami mats, trichoderma (tsuchio mold), which are often detected from air conditioners and humidifiers.
In addition to mold, mites and other pests that grow indoors in humid places may adhere to the demolition waste material. As for mites, it occurs most frequently in indoor dust, and is a major cause of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic diseases. An example is the claw mites that occur in huts and warehouses and cause skin eruptions.
Examples of the mold sterilization method include a heating method, a filtration method, an irradiation method, a gas method and a chemical solution method, and the firing step of the present invention corresponds to the dry heat method classified as the heating method. is there. According to this dry heat sterilization, the heating temperature is, as described above, in the range of 100 to 200 ° C, and the preferred temperature range is 130 to 190 ° C. Since heating is usually performed at the above temperature range for 0.25 to 3 hours, preferably 1 to 2 hours, all molds can be killed and removed. In this case, dormant ones such as mold spores and spores are also killed. It is also effective for the complete killing of the mites and pests.
Therefore, in the present invention, molds and ticks are completely sterilized and killed in the waste material having undergone the baking step, and the paper pieces separated thereafter are also molds that have been killed and removed. Can be re-used without worrying about inconveniences such as adverse effects on livestock health due to the
[0032]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described.
[0033]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a process of separating gypsum and paper from waste gypsum board in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0034]
Hereinafter, an embodiment specifically implemented according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
(Example 1)
First, a method for separating gypsum and paper from waste gypsum board will be described. Gypsum board waste materials such as waste materials and scrap materials generated at new construction sites of houses and buildings or demolition work sites such as houses (in the case of 12 mm thick gypsum board scrap materials, the base paper is about 7% of the total) And collect at treatment facility. Therefore, after measuring, confirming and removing foreign matter, and performing primary crushing of the waste material using a four-axis crusher (primary crushing step). The crushing at this time is set to a size such that one side is 30 mm or less, and crushing is performed until the paper on both sides and the gypsum sandwiched therebetween are separated. The gypsum separated by this primary crushing is in the form of powder having a total amount of less than 20 mm.
[0035]
After the primary crushing, primary separation is performed on gypsum and paper (some gypsum is adhered) with a vibrating sieve having a sieve of 20 mm, and the collected granular gypsum is recycled.
[0036]
Prior to the next baking step, the first-sorted paper piece may be further subjected to secondary crushing. By secondary crushing the paper piece in this way, it is possible to smoothly feed the paper piece to the next heating step and to reduce clogging and the like in the subsequent sieving step.
[0037]
Although a small amount of gypsum still adheres to the paper after the primary separation, the gypsum is put into a rotary dryer and baked under the conditions of a baking temperature of 165 ° C. and a heating time of 1.0 hour. It was rearranged into gypsum (calculated gypsum). When the gypsum portion of this heated product was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, there were no gypsum and type II anhydrous gypsum, and all were hemihydrate gypsum (plastered gypsum). The massive or granular gypsum was all powdered, and the base paper was a piece of paper of about 4 to 8 mm and was mixed in the calcined gypsum.
[0038]
The above heated product was passed through a centrifugal sieve having a 5 mm mesh sieve, the gypsum was sieved, and the paper was separated and collected on the sieve. The gypsum separated by the above two screens was used as it was as a raw material for the production of gypsum board although it contained some paper.
[0039]
Subsequently, the base paper collected on the sieve was passed through the sedimentation box for foreign substances and the like, and metal foreign substances and the like were removed by air separation utilizing a difference in specific gravity, followed by pneumatic transportation.
[0040]
The pneumatic transportation was of a pressure-feeding type, and 100 m was transported in a circular stainless steel tube having an inner diameter of 10 cm at an air velocity of 25 m / sec and an air mixing ratio of 0.5. The transported base paper was collected by a cyclone and a bag filter.
[0041]
Subsequently, the air-transported base paper was passed through a centrifugal sieve having a 4 mm mesh sieve to remove gypsum adhering to the paper, and subsequently passed through a vibrating sieve having a 4 mm sieve to collect the base paper on the sieve.
[0042]
A small amount of calcined gypsum still adhered to the paper piece finally recovered in this way. On the other hand, since most of the sieved product containing a small amount of paper is calcined gypsum powder, it could be directly used as calcined gypsum for a gypsum board.
[0043]
Next, an appropriate amount was collected from the final separated paper piece to which the calcined gypsum was attached, and its weight (W0) was measured. Next, this was immersed in a large amount of 0.5% dilute hydrochloric acid for 15 hours, washed with running water to remove gypsum, and then left at 40 ° C. for 24 hours to dry and remove moisture to remove paper pieces. And the weight (W1) was measured. The difference from the total weight before washing was defined as the gypsum content, and the gypsum content ratio in the recovered paper pieces remaining on the sieve was calculated by the following equation.
[0044]
Gypsum content ratio in paper piece = (W0−W1) / W0 × 100 (%)
(Example 2)
Except that the preliminary sieving step was omitted, and the distance of the pneumatic transportation was set to 60 m, all the operations were the same as in Example 1.
[0045]
(Example 3)
Except that the distance of pneumatic transportation was set to 50 m, all were the same as in Example 1.
[0046]
(Example 4)
Except that the distance of the pneumatic transportation was set to 20 m, all were the same as in Example 1.
[0047]
(Comparative Example 1)
All operations were the same as in Example 1 except that pneumatic transportation was not performed.
[0048]
(Comparative Example 2)
Except that calcination was not performed, all were the same as in Example 1.
[0049]
(Comparative Example 3)
Except that firing and pneumatic transportation were not performed, all were the same as Example 1.
[0050]
The results of the above Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized in (Table 1).
[0051]
[Table 1]
(Example 5)
[Animal litter]
<Separation of paper pieces from demolition waste>
A piece of paper was separated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a dismantled waste material from which foreign substances such as metals were removed, and a material in which adhesion of mold to the board base paper and black discoloration based on it were recognized was mixed. When the separated paper piece was visually observed, no mold was initially found, and the degree of discoloration was reduced.
[0052]
<Use for barn litter>
Separated paper pieces obtained as described above were mixed with sawdust and used as litter for barn. This litter could be used without affecting the cow's health. The litter was carried out together with cow dung and deposited as compost, and the littering and removal were repeated every two weeks. After the fermentation, the compost was matured and finally obtained a compost consisting of 60% by weight of cow dung, 20% by weight of separated paper pieces and 20% by weight of sawdust.
(Comparative Example 4)
[Animal litter]
<Separation of paper pieces from demolition waste>
A piece of paper was separated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the same waste material as used in Example 5 was used and the firing step was omitted. Visual inspection of the separated paper piece showed that adhesion of mold and discoloration of black remained.
[0053]
In addition, this separated piece of paper was not reused as a litter for the barn because there was a concern that it would adversely affect the health of the cow.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, waste material of gypsum board generated at construction sites and the like is pulverized, fired, and fired. Can be separated and collected. The gypsum thus recovered can be reused as a raw material for various gypsum products, and the paper pieces can be used as waste paper or for agricultural materials (for litter or fertilizer) or other industrial uses. Therefore, according to the present invention, since gypsum board waste material discharged in association with construction work which is expected to increase in the future is separated and collected into gypsum and clean paper, it is possible to reuse most of the gypsum board waste material It is.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a process of separating gypsum and paper from waste gypsum board in an embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (6)
破砕された石膏ボード廃材を焼成する焼成工程と、
焼成された石膏ボード廃材を空気輸送する輸送工程と、
空気輸送された石膏ボード廃材から石膏と紙片を分離する篩工程と
からなることを特徴とする石膏ボード廃材からの紙片の分離方法。A crushing process for crushing gypsum board waste material to a size suitable for firing,
A firing step of firing the crushed gypsum board waste material,
A transportation process of pneumatically transporting the calcined gypsum board waste material,
A method for separating paper pieces from gypsum board waste material, comprising: a sieving step of separating gypsum and paper pieces from pneumatically transported gypsum board waste material.
破砕された石膏ボード廃材を焼成する焼成手段と、
焼成された石膏ボード廃材を空気輸送する輸送手段と、
空気輸送された石膏ボード廃材を石膏と紙片とに分離する篩手段
からなることを特徴とする石膏ボード廃材からの紙片の分離装置。Crushing means for crushing gypsum board waste material to a size suitable for firing,
Firing means for firing the crushed gypsum board waste material,
Transportation means for pneumatically transporting the calcined gypsum board waste material,
An apparatus for separating paper pieces from gypsum board waste material, comprising a screen means for separating gypsum board waste material transported by air into gypsum and paper pieces.
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| JP2002303233A JP4035419B2 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2002-10-17 | Separation method and apparatus for separating paper pieces from gypsum board waste and animal bedding using the separated paper pieces |
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| JP2009160507A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-23 | Miike Iron Works Co Ltd | Waste gypsum recycling plant and method |
| WO2014162599A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-09 | 株式会社大貴 | Water-absorbent treatment material and production method for same |
| JP2017159253A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Processing method and processing apparatus of waste gypsum board |
| JP2020528859A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-10-01 | クナウフ ギプス カーゲー | How to make a gypsum slurry for forming gypsum products and how to make gypsum products |
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2002
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2006333773A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-14 | Daiki:Kk | Granular excreta treatment material |
| JP4714826B2 (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2011-06-29 | 株式会社大貴 | Granular excrement disposal material |
| JP2009160507A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-23 | Miike Iron Works Co Ltd | Waste gypsum recycling plant and method |
| JP4657281B2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2011-03-23 | 株式会社御池鐵工所 | Waste gypsum recycling plant and waste gypsum recycling method |
| WO2014162599A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-09 | 株式会社大貴 | Water-absorbent treatment material and production method for same |
| JPWO2014162599A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2017-02-16 | 株式会社大貴 | Water absorption treatment material and method for producing the same |
| JP2017159253A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Processing method and processing apparatus of waste gypsum board |
| JP2020528859A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-10-01 | クナウフ ギプス カーゲー | How to make a gypsum slurry for forming gypsum products and how to make gypsum products |
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