JP2004124658A - Proposal of sewage system in countryside, and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Proposal of sewage system in countryside, and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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JP2004124658A
JP2004124658A JP2002321795A JP2002321795A JP2004124658A JP 2004124658 A JP2004124658 A JP 2004124658A JP 2002321795 A JP2002321795 A JP 2002321795A JP 2002321795 A JP2002321795 A JP 2002321795A JP 2004124658 A JP2004124658 A JP 2004124658A
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small
septic tank
local government
septic
sewage
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Fumiyuki Shoji
庄司 文幸
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208Off-grid powered water treatment

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To drastically reduce installation costs and maintenance costs of an urban-type concentrated sewage plant by using a small septic tank as a concentrated sewage plant for a small block, to enable each local government to implement plans of installing the small septic tanks as a leading institution, and to develop and construct the sewage plants nationwide in a short period of time. <P>SOLUTION: Each district is divided into small blocks each composed of about 20 households, and the small sharable septic tank is set in each block. The septic tank is embedded in an open road managed by the local government, and effluent after sewage is led to an existing side ditch installed in the road or to an existing sewer. Each installed septic tank is managed by the local government. Odors which are problems raised when the septic tank is installed in the open road, is deodorized by means of a water filter by using a treated effluent, to thereby release the odors to the air. By virtue of this system, the plan is implemented by the local government as the leading institution at low construction and maintenance costs. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

現在、各地において下水処理施設の復旧が図られている。大都市のような人口集中部に於いては集中下水処理施設を建設し、下水本管を敷設する工事が主体である。しかし、地方部における下水処理は都市部のように人口集中が無く、集中下水処理施設を建設し下水本管を敷設すると人口あたりの費用が非常に割高となる。また集中下水処理施設運用開始後は延々と伸びる下水本管の清掃保守等、維持費用も莫大となる。その結果、地方部に於いては新規造成地域を対象としたコミュニティープラントを除き、各個人住宅用の小型浄化槽を設置して行く事を主体として進められている。
小型浄化槽は日本工業規格による5人槽を最小単位としている。しかし、都市部を含めた少子化と、特に地方部に於ける過疎化で1所帯あたりの居住人口は3人前後が主体である。この様な状況で、5人槽の小型浄化槽を設置するのは無駄ではないかと思われる。また、個人単位による浄化槽の設置は住宅の新築時、または大規模な改修を行わない限り望めない事である。かといって本格的な集中下水処理施設を設置すれば、土地の所得や下水本管の整備など何十年単位での計画と莫大な費用が必要となる。
一般住人が下水処理施設の必要性を十分に理解していたとしても、個々にかかる負担が大きいものでは計画に消極的にならざるを得ない。
そこで10世帯、20世帯といった地区、集落単位の下水処理施設の設置を提案する。
個人住宅に5人槽を設置し能力的に余裕があっても、結局処理しているのはその住宅だけで隣は使用出来ない。単純な事であるが、5人槽を10基設置しても、10世帯にしか対応出来ないが、実際の居住人口を考えた時、17世帯近い処理能力を持っている事に成る。そこで49人槽を1基設置し、その浄化槽に周囲の住宅排水を接続すれば17世帯近くを処理出来ると考えられる。
浄化槽の人槽算定にはそれぞれに算定式があるが、地方部の各地域の実際の居住人口はそれぞれの地方自治体にて把握している事で、それをもとに人槽を設定する事が重要である。住宅の延床面積などから想定するのでは無く、実際に居住しているものから算定するのである。この方式を利用すれば、例えば人口1万人の町において、個人住宅用の5人槽を設置した場合、約3,500基の浄化槽の設置が必要と成るが、人口単位で考え、49人槽であれば200基の設置でよい事に成る。ただ、正月、お盆などの短期の人口増加を考えれば、実際2割程度の余裕を見込む必要はあると思われるがそれでも個人用浄化槽設置の68%程度の人槽でよい事になる。
この浄化槽の設置場所だが、対象地区、集落の個人の土地の利用や、新たな土地の購入を考えるのでは無く、各地方自治体が管理している一般道路に設置する事を提案する。車が頻繁に往来するような道路でなくいわゆる路地的な道路である。49人槽浄化槽であれば現在生産されている物でも道路幅2m50cmあれば設置が可能である。また、地方部の道路には都市部のような地中障害となるものは少なく、せいぜい給水管程度である。対象地区の道路に設置する事で、処理後の放流水も既設で設置してある側溝、排水管に直に接続する事が可能である為、設置後の放流排水管の整備は不要となり、施設の保守管理も安価で容易となる。
このように行えば、費用負担は極端に軽減し、また公共の土地を利用する事で各個人の理解も得られ易い。
浄化槽設置後は各浄化槽の保守管理は地方公共団体にて行い、水道使用量を基本とした下水使用量を徴収すればよい。
以上の方法により、低費用で自治体が主体となった下水処理施設計画が可能である。
一般道路に浄化槽を設置した場合の問題点として、浄化槽から発生する臭気が問題となる。これは一般的に臭突にて開放されるが、最終放流水槽の放流水を水フィルター利用し、小型ポンプにて放流水槽内に散布し、放流水槽内に臭突を開放し、放流水にて簡易脱臭した後大気に開放する事で解決出来る。
【発明の所属する技術分野】下水処理設備
【従来の技術】地方部における下水処理施設は、下水本管を敷設し、集中下水処理施設を整備するか、個々の住宅ごとに小型浄化槽を設置する方法であった。また臭突については、そのまま大気に開放するか、特別な場合、集中下水処理施設については、脱臭装置を取付けていた。
【発明が解決しようとする課題】自然環境の悪化に伴う世界的な環境保護の要求に対し、下水処理の早期的整備が望まれる中、大都市部等の人口集中部を除く地方部において、集中下水処理施設の建設とこれに伴う下水本管の整備を行えば、施設建設に莫大な費用と、時間が必要となる。また使用開始後も延々と伸びる下水本管の保守作業等、ランニングコストも増加し、人口密度が低い場所では個人あたりの負担が非常に大きくなり、利点が見出せない。
また各戸に個人用の合併浄化槽を設置したのでは、各世帯の少子化が進む中、処理能力に無駄があり、またその整備状況は各個人の実施に委ねられる。
これらの状況の下では、早期的な下水処理施設整備は進まないが、小型浄化槽の小規模地域用集中処理施設利用にて人口集中部でない地方部での下水処理施設整備を、安価にて、各自治体の主導にて短期に行う事が出来る。
この利用に際し、従来型の小型浄化槽では臭気をそのまま臭突にて開放していた。これは処理能力や、処理対象物により臭いの対策が大きく変わるものであるが、一般居住区における浄化槽の設置を考慮し、臭突の消臭は重要な問題となる。臭突にて開放される臭いを放流水の散布にて消臭処理する事で、簡易脱臭が可能で、新たな脱臭装置を設ける必要が無く、大気に開放する事が可能である。
【問題を解決する為の手段】住民の小区画化と小型浄化槽を小規模用集中下水処理施設として運用する事。設置にあたり、設置場所は各地方公共団体の管理下による一般道路などを利用する事。放流水を既設の道路側溝や下水管に接続する事。最終放流水を利用し臭突の臭気を消臭する事。
【発明実施の形態】地方部の住民を小区画単位に分け、各区画の居住者数に見合った小型浄化槽を集中下水処理施設として一般道路に設置し、最終放流管を既設の道路側溝や排水管に接続する。設置された浄化槽からの臭突も放流水利用簡易脱臭装置にて居住区開放する。
計画から実施、完成後の運営管理を各地方自治体の主導にて行う。
【実施例】大都市部、新規造成地以外の中規模人口密集地の集中下水処理施設として運用。
【発明の効果】施設の建設、運用に莫大な費用と時間を要する大規模集中下水処理施設と、各個人の実施に任される個別浄化槽では下水処理施設の整備は進まないし、また2極化による方法では費用的無駄が非常に大きい。小型浄化槽の小区画用集中下水処理施設利用で、設置費用、保守費用の大掛かりな軽減が図られ、計画実施にも各地方自治体の主体で進める事がより可能となり、全国的下水処理施設の整備が短期に行う事が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のシステム図である。
【図2】本発明の浄化槽平面透視図である。
【図3】本発明の装置側面透視図である。
【符号の説明】
1 小型合併浄化槽
2 排水流入管
3 処理放流管
4 道路
5 既設道路側溝・下水管
6 住宅
7 流入管口
8 臭気バイパス管
9 脱臭用水散布多孔板
10臭突口
11放流ポンプ槽
12放流ポンプ
13放流口
14脱臭用散布管
15散水ポンプ
At present, sewage treatment facilities are being restored in various places. Concentrated sewage treatment facilities are constructed in population-intensive areas such as large cities, and construction work for laying sewage mains is mainly performed. However, sewage treatment in rural areas does not have population concentration unlike urban areas, and constructing a centralized sewage treatment facility and laying sewage mains would greatly increase the cost per population. After the start of operation of the centralized sewage treatment facility, maintenance costs, such as cleaning and maintenance of the sewage mains, which continue to grow, will be enormous. As a result, in rural areas, small-scale septic tanks for individual homes are being set up, except for community plants targeting newly created areas.
Small septic tanks have a minimum unit of 5 tanks according to Japanese Industrial Standards. However, due to the declining birth rate in urban areas and the depopulation in rural areas in particular, the number of residents per household is around three. In such a situation, it seems to be wasteful to install a small septic tank with five tanks. In addition, the installation of a septic tank on an individual basis cannot be expected unless a new house is constructed or a major renovation is performed. However, installing a full-scale centralized sewage treatment facility would require decades of planning and enormous costs, such as land income and sewage mains.
Even if ordinary residents fully understand the necessity of sewage treatment facilities, they will be reluctant to plan if the burden on each individual is large.
Therefore, it is proposed to install sewage treatment facilities in districts, such as 10 households and 20 households.
Even if a five-person tank is set up in a private house and there is enough capacity, it is only the house that is processing the waste, and the next house cannot be used. As a simple matter, even if ten 5-tank tanks are installed, they can only handle 10 households. However, considering the actual resident population, they have a processing capacity of nearly 17 households. Therefore, it is thought that nearly 17 households can be treated by installing one 49-person tank and connecting the surrounding wastewater to the septic tank.
There are formulas for calculating the human tanks of septic tanks, but the actual resident population in each area in the local area is known by the local government, so the human tanks should be set based on that. is important. Instead of assuming from the total floor area of the house, it is calculated from what actually lives. If this method is used, for example, in a town with a population of 10,000, if a 5-person tank for a private house is installed, it will be necessary to install about 3,500 septic tanks. In the case of a tank, 200 units can be installed. However, considering the short-term population increase such as New Year's Day and Bon Festival, it seems that it is actually necessary to allow about 20% of room, but still, about 68% of the personnel tanks installed in personal septic tanks will suffice.
Regarding the location of this septic tank, we propose that it be installed on general roads managed by each local government, rather than considering the use of individual land in the target area or village or the purchase of new land. It is a so-called alley road, not a road where cars frequently come and go. If it is a 49-person septic tank, it can be installed even if it is currently produced if the road width is 2m50cm. In addition, roads in rural areas have few underground obstacles like urban areas, and are at most about water supply pipes. By installing on the road in the target area, the treated effluent can be directly connected to the existing gutters and drainage pipes. Facility maintenance management is also cheap and easy.
By doing so, the cost burden is extremely reduced, and individual understanding is easily obtained by using public land.
After the septic tanks are installed, the maintenance and management of each septic tank is performed by a local government, and the amount of sewage used based on the amount of water used can be collected.
By the above method, it is possible to plan the sewage treatment facilities mainly at the local government at low cost.
As a problem when a septic tank is installed on a general road, odor generated from the septic tank becomes a problem. This is generally opened at the stack, but the effluent from the final effluent tank is used as a water filter, sprayed into the effluent tank using a small pump, the odor stack is opened in the effluent tank, and the effluent is discharged. It can be solved by simply deodorizing and opening to the atmosphere.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Sewage treatment facilities in the local area: sewage treatment facilities in rural areas are laid with sewage mains and centralized sewage treatment facilities are maintained, or small septic tanks are installed in individual houses. Was the way. In addition, the stack was opened to the atmosphere as it was, or in special cases, a deodorizing device was installed in the centralized sewage treatment facility.
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In response to the demand for environmental protection worldwide due to the deterioration of the natural environment, it is desired that sewage treatment be promptly improved. Construction of a centralized sewage treatment facility and associated sewage mains would require enormous costs and time to construct the facility. In addition, running costs, such as maintenance work for sewage mains, which continue to increase after the start of use, also increase, and in places where the population density is low, the burden on individuals becomes very large, and no advantage can be found.
In addition, installing individual septic tanks in each house means that while households are declining in birthrate, processing capacity is wasted, and the maintenance status is left to each individual.
Under these circumstances, the development of sewage treatment facilities at an early stage does not proceed, but the use of small-scale septic tanks for small-scale intensive treatment facilities for small-area sewage treatment facilities in rural areas that are not population-concentrated is inexpensive. It can be done in a short time under the initiative of each local government.
At the time of this use, the odor was released from the conventional small septic tank through a chimney. Although the odor countermeasures vary greatly depending on the treatment capacity and the treatment target, deodorization of the chimney becomes an important problem in consideration of the installation of a septic tank in a general residential area. By deodorizing the odor released by the chimney by spraying effluent, simple deodorization is possible, and there is no need to provide a new deodorizing device, and the odor can be released to the atmosphere.
[Means to solve the problem] To make the inhabitants small compartment and operate the small septic tank as a small-scale centralized sewage treatment facility. For installation, use general roads under the control of each local government. Connect effluent to existing road gutters and sewers. Deodorize the odor of the chimney using the final effluent.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Local residents are divided into small blocks, small septic tanks corresponding to the number of residents in each block are installed on general roads as centralized sewage treatment facilities, and final discharge pipes are installed on existing road gutters and drains. Connect to pipe. The stall from the installed septic tank will also be opened to the residential area using a simple deodorizing device using discharged water.
Operation and management after completion from the planning stage will be conducted by each local government.
[Example] Operated as a concentrated sewage treatment facility in a large urban area and a medium-sized densely populated area other than a newly constructed area.
According to the present invention, the construction and operation of a large-scale centralized sewage treatment facility, which requires enormous cost and time for construction and operation of the facility, and an individual septic tank entrusted to each individual, the progress of the maintenance of the sewage treatment facility does not progress, and it is polarized. In the method according to the above, the cost waste is very large. The use of centralized sewage treatment facilities for small compartments in small septic tanks has greatly reduced installation and maintenance costs, and it has become possible for each local government to proceed with the implementation of the plan. Can be performed in a short period of time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan perspective view of a septic tank according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of the device of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Small merger septic tank 2 Drainage inflow pipe 3 Treatment discharge pipe 4 Road 5 Existing road gutter / sewage pipe 6 House 7 Inflow pipe 8 Odor bypass pipe 9 Water spray perforated plate for deodorization 10 Odor spout 11 Discharge pump tank 12 Discharge pump 13 Discharge Mouth 14 Spraying pipe for deodorizing 15 Sprinkling pump

Claims (2)

小型浄化槽の小規模地域集中下水処理施設利用による低費用下水処理システム。Low-cost sewage treatment system using small-scale septic tanks in small-scale regional sewage treatment facilities. 浄化槽最終処理放流水を臭突の脱臭に利用した浄化槽。A septic tank that uses the effluent from the final treatment of the septic tank for deodorizing the stack.
JP2002321795A 2002-09-30 2002-09-30 Proposal of sewage system in countryside, and apparatus therefor Pending JP2004124658A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113529874A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-10-22 中建生态环境集团有限公司 Rural domestic sewage collecting and treating system and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113529874A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-10-22 中建生态环境集团有限公司 Rural domestic sewage collecting and treating system and method

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