JP2004119143A - Surface light source - Google Patents

Surface light source Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004119143A
JP2004119143A JP2002279687A JP2002279687A JP2004119143A JP 2004119143 A JP2004119143 A JP 2004119143A JP 2002279687 A JP2002279687 A JP 2002279687A JP 2002279687 A JP2002279687 A JP 2002279687A JP 2004119143 A JP2004119143 A JP 2004119143A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light
guide plate
light guide
face
incident
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2002279687A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masaru Higuchi
樋口 勝
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Casio Computer Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Casio Computer Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Casio Computer Co Ltd filed Critical Casio Computer Co Ltd
Priority to JP2002279687A priority Critical patent/JP2004119143A/en
Publication of JP2004119143A publication Critical patent/JP2004119143A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface light source capable of emitting light forward from a light emitting element disposed on its side as light of sufficient intensity having a uniform intensity distribution. <P>SOLUTION: A reflector 16 is provided in the back side of a light guide plate 11, whereof one end surface is formed as an incident end surface 12 and the front surface is formed into a stepped surface, and which leads the light entering from the incident end surface 12 to emit it from a plurality of the stepped surfaces 13 on the front surface, a light emitting element 17 is disposed by making it face the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11, a diffusing means 18 is provided on the front side of an end part region in a range set apart from the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11 by at least the height of the incident end surface 12 or more, and an optical member 20 to refract light emitted from a plurality of the stepped surfaces 14 of the light guiding plate in the direction whereon its angle made to the stepped surface 14 becomes small is disposed on the front side of the light guide plate 11 by making it face the part other than the end part region. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、側方に配置された発光素子からの光を前側に出射させる面光源に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば液晶表示素子のような外部から入射する光の透過を制御して表示する非発光型表示素子を備えた表示装置等に用いられる面光源として、側方に配置された発光素子からの光を前側に出射させるものがある。
【0003】
この種の面光源には様々な構成のものがあるが、最近では、前記発光素子からの光を正面方向(面光源の前面の法線付近の方向)に向けて出射するために、一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が複数の段面とこれらの段面をつなぐ複数の段差面とからなる階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板を備え、前記導光板の後側に反射板を設け、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて発光素子を配置するとともに、前記導光板の前側に、前記導光板の複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させて前側に出射する光学部材を配置した構成のものが利用されている(特許文献1参照)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−90719号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記面光源は、前記導光板にその入射端面から入射した光が前記入射端面側の端部付近からより多く前側に出射するため、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部付近からの出射光の強度が他の部分からの出射光の強度よりも高く、そのために、前記導光板の前側に配置された光学部材により屈折されて前側に出射する光が、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部付近に対応する領域からの出射光の強度が他の領域からの出射光の強度に比べて高い強度分布の光となり、前記表示装置の表示に輝度むらを生じさせる。
【0006】
この発明は、側方に配置された発光素子からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させることができる面光源を提供することを目的としたものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の面光源は、一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が複数の段面とこれらの段面をつなぐ複数の段差面とからなる階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板と、前記導光板の後側に設けられた反射板と、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて配置された発光素子と、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域の前側に設けられ、前記導光板の前記端部領域からの出射光を拡散させる拡散手段と、前記導光板の前側に、前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて配置され、前記導光板の複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材とを備えたことを特徴とする。
【0008】
この面光源は、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域を光の出射エリアとし、この出射エリアの全域から均一な強度分布の光を出射させるようにしたものである。
【0009】
この面光源において、前記導光板は、その入射端面から入射した光(発光素子からの光)を導光板内を導いて前面の複数の段差面から出射させるが、この導光板に前記入射端面から入射した光のうち、前記導光板の前面の段面及び後面に対して急角度で入射した光は、その大部分が、前記入射端面側の端部付近の前面から直接出射するか、あるいは導光板の後側に設けられた反射板により反射されて前記端部付近の前面から出射するため、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部付近から出射する光は、他の部分からの出射光よりも強度が高い光である。
【0010】
前記導光板の入射端面側の端部付近から出射する高強度の光は、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域の前側に設けられた拡散手段により拡散され、その拡散光のうち、前記導光板に再入射した光がこの導光板内を導かれ、前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から出射する。
【0011】
この面光源では、前記拡散手段を、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域に対応させて設けているため、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部付近から出射する前記高強度の光のほとんどを前記拡散手段により拡散させ、その一部を導光板内に再入射させることができる。
【0012】
そして、前記導光板の前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から出射した光は、前記導光板の前側に配置された光学部材により前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折されて前側に出射する。
【0013】
すなわち、この面光源は、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面からそれぞれ、前記入射端面から入射して導光板内を導かれた光と、前記入射端面から急角度で入射して入射端面側の端部領域から出射し、前記拡散手段により拡散された光のうち、前記導光板に再入射してこの導光板内を導かれた光とを出射させ、その出射光を、前記光学部材により屈折させて前記出射エリア(導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域)から前側に出射させるようにしたものである。
【0014】
そのため、この面光源によれば、前記発光素子からの光を、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から均一な強度で出射させることができ、したがって、前記出射エリアから、その全域にわたって均一な強度分布の光を出射させることができる。
【0015】
しかも、この面光源は、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域を光の出射エリアとしたものであるが、上記のように、前記導光板にその入射端面から入射した光のうち、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域から出射する光を前記拡散手段により拡散させてその拡散光の一部を導光板内に再入射させ、その光を前記導光板内を導いて前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から出射させるようにしているため、前記発光素子からの光を効率良く利用し、充分な強度の光を前記出射エリアから出射させることができる。
【0016】
したがって、この面光源によれば、側方に配置された発光素子からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させることができる。
【0017】
このように、この発明の面光源は、一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前面の前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板の後側に反射板を設け、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて発光素子を配置するとともに、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域の前側に拡散手段を設け、前記導光板の前側に、前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて、前記導光板の複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材を配置することにより、側方に配置された前記発光素子からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させるようにしたものである。
【0018】
この面光源において、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域の前側に設けられた前記拡散手段は、入射光の一部を吸収する特性を有しているのが望ましい。
【0019】
また、この発明の他の面光源は、一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が複数の段面とこれらの段面をつなぐ複数の段差面とからなる階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板と、前記導光板の後側に設けられた反射板と、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて配置された発光素子とを備え、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域内の前記段面が、前記導光板内からの光の少なくとも一部を前記導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面に形成されるとともに、前記導光板の前側に、前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて、前記導光板の前記複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材が配置されていることを特徴とする。
【0020】
この面光源も、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部以外の部分に対応する領域を光の出射エリアとし、この出射エリアの全域から均一な強度分布の光を出射させるようにしたものであり、この面光源においては、前記導光板にその入射端面から入射した光のうち、前記入射端面側の端部付近の前面に向かう高強度の光が、前記入射端面側の端部領域内の凹凸面に形成された段面により内面反射され、この段面により導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射された光が、前記導光板内を導かれて前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から出射する。
【0021】
この面光源では、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域内の段面を凹凸面に形成しているため、前記導光板内からその入射端面側の端部付近の前面に向かう前記高強度の光のほとんどを、前記凹凸面に形成された段面により内面反射することができる。
【0022】
そして、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から出射した光は、前記導光板の前側に配置された光学部材により前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折されて前側に出射する。
【0023】
すなわち、この面光源は、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面からそれぞれ、前記入射端面から入射して導光板内を導かれた光と、前記入射端面から急角度で入射し、前記端部領域内の凹凸面に形成された段面により導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射されて前記導光板内を導かれた光とを出射させ、その出射光を、前記光学部材により屈折させて前記出射エリア(導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域)から前側に出射させるようにしたものである。
【0024】
この面光源によれば、前記発光素子からの光を、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から均一な強度で出射させることができるため、前記出射エリアから、その全域にわたって均一な強度分布の光を出射させることができるとともに、前記導光板にその入射端面から入射した光のうち、前記入射端面側の端部付近の前面に向かう高強度の光を前記凹凸面に形成された段面により内面反射させ、この段面により導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射された光を導光板内を導いて前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から出射させるようにしているため、前記発光素子からの光を効率良く利用し、充分な強度の光を前記出射エリアから出射させることができる。
【0025】
したがって、この面光源によれば、側方に配置された発光素子からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させることができる。
【0026】
このように、この発明の他の面光源は、一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前面の前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板の後側に反射板を設け、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて発光素子を配置し、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域の段面を、前記導光板内からの光の少なくとも一部を前記導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面に形成するとともに、前記導光板の前側に、前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて、前記導光板の前記複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材を配置することにより、側方に配置された前記発光素子からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させるようにしたものである。
【0027】
この面光源において、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域内の段面は、前記導光板の幅方向に沿った横長の複数のプリズム部からなる凹凸面に形成され、前記複数のプリズム部の一方の側面の傾斜角が、前記導光板内からの光を前記導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる角度に設定されているのが好ましい。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1はこの発明の面光源を備えた表示装置の一例を示しており、図2〜図4はこの発明の第1の実施例の面光源、図5はこの発明の第2の実施例の面光源、図6はこの発明の第3の実施例の面光源、図7はこの発明の第4の実施例の面光源、図8はこの発明の第5の実施例の面光源、図9はこの発明の第6の実施例の面光源、図10はこの発明の第7の実施例の面光源を示している。
【0029】
まず、図1に示した表示装置について説明すると、この表示装置は、外部から入射する光の透過を制御して表示する非発光型表示素子1と、この表示素子1の後側に配置された面光源10とにより構成されている。
【0030】
なお、前記非発光型表示素子1は、例えば液晶表示素子であり、図では簡略化して示しているが、前後一対の透明基板の互いに対向する面にそれぞれマトリックス状に配列する複数の画素を形成するための透明電極が形成され、これらの基板間に液晶層が設けられた液晶セル2と、この液晶セル1を挟んで配置された前後一対の偏光板3,4とからなっている。
【0031】
この表示素子1は、枠状の表示素子支持部材5に支持されており、前記面光源10は、その出射面を前記表示素子1の後面に対向させて前記表示素子1の後側に配置されている。
【0032】
図2〜図4は前記表示装置の面光源10を示しており、図2は前記面光源10の側面図、図3は前記面光源10の導光板からの光の出射状態を示す拡大側面図。図4は前記面光源10からの光の出射状態を示す拡大側面図である。
【0033】
この面光源10は、図2に示したように、導光板11と、この導光板11の後側に設けられた反射板16と、前記導光板11の側方に配置された発光素子17と、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域の前側に設けられた拡散板18と、前記導光板11の前側に配置された光学部材20を備えている。
【0034】
前記導光板11は、アクリル系樹脂等からなる透明板であり、その一端面が入射端面12とされ、後面が平坦面に形成されるとともに、前面が、前記後面からの高さが前記入射端面12側から他端側に向かって段階的に低くなる複数の段面13とこれらの段面13をつなぐ複数の段差面14とからなる階段状面に形成された形状をなしている。
【0035】
前記複数の段面13はそれぞれ、導光板11の幅方向、つまり前記入射端面12の長さ方向と平行で、且つ導光板11の全幅にわたる長さの横長面であり、これらの段面13は、導光板11の後面と平行な平坦面に形成されている。
【0036】
また、前記複数の段差面14はそれぞれ、前記入射端面12と略平行な極く小さい高さの立ち上がり面であり、これらの段差面14が、前記入射端面12から導光板11に入射した光の出射面となっている。
【0037】
この導光板11は、その入射端面12から入射した光(発光素子17からの白色光)を、図3に矢線で示したように、導光板11の前面の複数の段面13及び導光板11の後面で内面反射させながら導光板内を導いて、前面の複数の段差面14から略同じ強度で出射させる。
【0038】
前記導光板11の前面の複数の段面13及び後面での内面反射は、前記段面13と外気(空気)との界面及び前記後面と外気との界面での全反射によるものであり、前記界面に対して全反射臨界角以上の入射角で入射した光が前記段面13及び導光板11の後面で内面反射され、前記界面に対して全反射臨界角よりも小さい(垂直に近い)入射角で入射した光は、前記界面を屈折して透過し、前記段面13及び後面から外部に出射する。
【0039】
なお、前記導光板11の後面から外部に出射した光は、導光板1の後側に設けられた反射板16により反射されて導光板11に再入射し、その光のうち、前記界面に全反射臨界角以上の入射角で入射した光が、前記複数の段面13及び導光板11の後面で内面反射されて導光板11内を導かれ、前記複数の段差面14から出射する。
【0040】
前記反射板16は、例えばアルミニウム等からなる高反射率の鏡面反射板であり、この反射板16は、その反射面を前記導光板1の後面に近接させて前記導光板1の後側に配置されている。
【0041】
また、前記導光板11の側方に配置された発光素子17は、白色光を出射するものであり、この面光源10では、前記導光板11の入射端面12の全長にわたる長さの直管状冷陰極管を、前記導光板11の入射端面12に対向させて配置しするとともに、前記反射板16の一端に、前記冷陰極管からの出射光を前記導光板11の入射端面12に向けて反射させるリフレクタ16aを一体に形成している。
【0042】
一方、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域の前側に設けられた拡散板18は、前記導光板11の前記端部領域からの出射光を拡散させるものであり、この拡散板18は、入射光の一部を吸収する特性(以下、半吸収性と言う)を有している。
【0043】
この拡散板18は、黒色染料により灰色に染色された波長依存性の無い吸収特性を有する透明樹脂に散乱粒子を分散させた半吸収性拡散材からなっており、可視光帯域の入射光の全ての波長光の一部を略同じ吸収率で吸収し、他の光を拡散させて出射する。
【0044】
この拡散板18は、前記導光板11の入射端面12から少なくとも前記入射端面12の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域に対応させて設けられ、図1に示した表示素子支持部材5の後面に粘着等の手段により支持されている。
【0045】
また、前記導光板11の前側に配置された光学部材20は、前記導光板11の複数の段差面14から出射した光を前記段差面14に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させて前側に出射させるものであり、この光学部材20は、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分に対向させて配置されている。
【0046】
前記光学部材20は、前記導光板11と同じ幅を有するアクリル系樹脂板等の透明板からなり、前面が平坦面に形成され、前記導光板11に対向する後面に、前記導光板11の複数の段差面14からの出射光を入射させて前記段差面14に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる複数のプリズム部21が一体に形成されたプリズムシートからなっている。
【0047】
前記複数のプリズム部21はそれぞれ、前記導光板11の段差面14の長さ方向と平行で、且つ光学部材20の全幅にわたる長さの横長プリズム部であり、これらのプリズム部21の両側面のうち、前記導光板11の段差面14に向き合う一方の側面が、前記段差面14からの出射光を入射させる入射面とされ、他方の側面が、前記入射面から入射した光を前記段差面14に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる屈折面とされている。
【0048】
前記複数のプリズム部21は、それぞれの間に間隔を存して一定ピッチで互いに平行に形成されており、光学部材20の後面の各プリズム部21の間の部分は、光学部材20の前面に対する角度が極く小さい緩傾斜面22とされている。
【0049】
そして、前記光学部材20は、その後面の複数のプリズム部21の頂部を前記導光板11の複数の段面13の先端縁(段差面14につながる部分)に近接または当接させて配置されている。
【0050】
なお、図では、前記導光板11の段差面14のピッチと前記光学部材20のプリズム部21のピッチを大きく誇張して示しているが、前記光学部材20の複数のプリズム部21は、図1に示した表示素子1の画素ピッチと同程度以下のピッチで形成されており、また、前記導光板11の複数の段差面14は、全ての段差面14からの出射光を前記光学部材20のいずれかのプリズム部21に必ず入射させるようにするために、前記光学部材20のプリズム部21のピッチよりも1.5〜2倍程度大きいピッチで形成されている。
【0051】
この面光源10は、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域を光の出射エリアとし、この出射エリアの全域から均一な強度分布の光を出射させるようにしたものである。
【0052】
この面光源10において、前記導光板11は、上述したように、その入射端面12から入射した光を、前面の複数の段面13及び後面と外気との界面での全反射により内面反射させながら導光板11内を導いて前面の複数の段差面14から略同じ強度で出射させるが、この導光板11に前記入射端面12から入射した光のうち、前記段面13及び後面に対して急角度(前記界面の全反射臨界角よりも小さい角度)で入射した光は、その大部分が、図3に示したように前記入射端面側の端部付近の前面から直接出射するか、あるいは導光板11の後側に設けられた反射板16により反射されて前記端部付近の前面から出射する。
【0053】
そのため、この導光板11の入射端面12側の端部付近からの出射光は、他の部分からの出射光よりも強度が高い光である。
【0054】
前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部付近から出射する高強度の光は、導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域の前側に設けられた半吸収性を有する拡散板18に入射し、その光の一部が前記拡散板18により吸収され、他の光が拡散されて前記拡散板18から様々な方向に出射する。
【0055】
そして、前記拡散板18より拡散された光のうち、前記拡散板18から前記導光板11に向かって出射した光は、前記導光板11内に再入射し、その光のうち、前記全反射臨界角以上の再入射光が、図2及び図4に破矢線で示したように、前記段面13及び後面で内面反射されながら導光板11内を導かれ、前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から略同じ強度で出射する。
【0056】
なお、前記拡散板18から様々な方向に出射する拡散光には、図2及び図4に破矢線で示したように前記導光板11とその前側に配置された光学部材20との間に向かう光もあり、その光は、前記光学部材20の拡散板18側の端部付近のプリズム部21に直接入射し、そのプリズム部21により前記導光板11の段差面14に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折されて前記光学部材20の前側に出射する。
【0057】
この面光源10では、前記拡散板18を、前記導光板11の入射端面12から少なくとも前記入射端面12の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域に対応させて設けているため、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部付近から出射する前記高強度の光のほとんどを、前記拡散板18により拡散させることができる。
【0058】
すなわち、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部付近から出射する高強度の光の大部分は、前記入射端面12から前記段面13及び後面に対して全反射臨界角よりも小さい入射角で入射して前記入射端面12側の端部付近の段面13から出射する光であり、その光は、図3に示したように、前記導光板11の入射端面12から前記入射端面12の高さと同程度の幅の領域A内から出射する。
【0059】
したがって、前記拡散板18を、前記導光板11の入射端面12から少なくとも前記入射端面12の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域に対応させて設けることにより、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部付近から出射する前記高強度の光のほとんどを、前記拡散板18により拡散させることができる。
【0060】
なお、この面光源10は、前記導光板11の前記拡散板18が設けられた端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域を光の出射エリアとしたものであるため、前記導光板11の前記端部領域が前記出射エリアの側方に突出している。
【0061】
したがって、前記拡散板18は、前記導光板11の入射端面12から前記入射端面12の高さの1.5〜3倍の範囲(例えば入射端面12の高さが0.5〜1.5mmの場合で、入射端面12から約0.7〜9mmの範囲)の端部領域に対応させて設けるのが好ましく、このようにすることにより、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部付近から出射する前記高強度の光のほとんどを前記拡散板18により拡散させるとともに、面光源10の平面積を前記出射エリアの面積に近くし、その設置スペースを小さくすることができる。
【0062】
前記導光板11の前記拡散板18が設けられた端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から出射した光は、前記導光板11の前側に配置された前記光学部材20により前記段差面14に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折され、前記光学部材20の前面の法線付近の方向、つまり面光源10の正面方向に向かって前側に出射する。
【0063】
すなわち、この面光源10は、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14からそれぞれ、前記導光板11にその入射端面12から入射した光のうち、前記導光板11の前面の複数の段面13での内面反射及び後面での内面反射または前記反射板16での反射により屈折されて導光板11内を導かれた光と、前記入射端面12側の端部領域から出射して前記拡散板18により拡散され、導光板11内に再入射してこの導光板11内を導かれた光とを出射させ、その出射光を、前記光学部材20により屈折させて前記出射エリア(導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域)から前側に出射させるようにしたものである。
【0064】
そのため、この面光源10によれば、前記発光素子17からの光を、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から均一な強度で出射させることができ、したがって、前記出射エリアから、その全域にわたって均一な強度分布の光を出射させることができる。
【0065】
なお、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域から出射し、前記拡散板18により拡散されて導光板11内に再入射する光には、前記導光板11の後面で内面反射されずに導光板11の後側に出射し、前記反射板16により反射されて導光板11内に再入射する光もあり、その再入射光の大部分は、前記端部領域の付近の段面13または段差面14から出射するが、この面光源10では、前記拡散板18に入射光の一部を吸収する半吸収性をもたせているため、前記拡散板18の光吸収率を適正に選ぶことにより、前記端部領域の付近から出射する光の強度を適度に減衰させ、前記導光板11の前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から出射する光の強度をより均一にして、前記出射エリアからさらに均一な強度分布の光を出射させることができる。
【0066】
また、この面光源10では、上述したように、前記拡散板18に、可視光帯域の入射光の全ての波長光の一部を略同じ吸収率で吸収する吸収特性をもたせているため、前記拡散板18から出射する拡散光が色を帯びることは無く、したがって、前記出射エリアから、前記発光素子17からの出射光と同じ白色光を出射させることができる。
【0067】
しかも、この面光源10は、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域を光の出射エリアとしたものであるが、上記のように、前記導光板11にその入射端面12から入射した光のうち、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域からの出射光を前記拡散板18により拡散させてその拡散光の一部を導光板11内に再入射させ、その光を前記導光板11内を導いて前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から出射させるようにしているため、前記発光素子17からの光を効率良く利用し、充分な強度の光を前記出射エリアから出射させることができる。
【0068】
したがって、この面光源10によれば、側方に配置された発光素子17からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させることができ、そのために、図1に示した表示装置に輝度むらの無い高品質の表示を行なわせることができる。
【0069】
また、この面光源10は、上記のような構成のものであるため、前記表示装置に、その使用環境の光である外光を利用する反射表示と、前記面光源10からの出射光を利用する透過表示との両方の表示を行なわせることができる。
【0070】
すなわち、前記面光源10は、透明板からなる導光板11の後側に反射板16を設けたものであるため、前記発光素子17からの光を前記導光板11及び光学部材20を介して前側に出射するだけでなく、前記光学部材20の前側から入射した光を前記反射板16により反射して前側に出射することができ、したがって、前記表示装置に、液晶素子1の前側(表示の観察側)から入射した光を図1に矢線で示したように前記面光源10の反射板16により反射させて表示する反射表示と、前記面光源10からの出射光を図1に破矢線で示したように前記表示素子1にその後側から入射させて表示する透過表示とを行なわせることができる。
【0071】
なお、上記面光源10では、導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域からの出射光を、図1に示した表示素子支持部材5の後面に支持させた拡散板18により拡散させるようにしているが、前記導光板11の前記端部領域からの出射光を拡散させる拡散手段は、例えば、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域の前面に拡散材を塗布して形成しても、また、前記表示素子支持部材5を散乱粒子を分散させた透明樹脂により形成し、この表示素子支持部材5に前記拡散手段を兼ねさせてもよい。
【0072】
図5に示した面光源10aは、前記導光板11の入射端面12から少なくとも前記入射端面12の高さ以上の範囲(好ましくは入射端面12の高さの1.5〜3倍の範囲)の端部領域の前面に、波長依存性の無い吸収特性を有する透明樹脂に散乱粒子を分散させた半吸収性拡散材を塗布して半吸収性の拡散層19を形成したものであり、他の構成は図2〜図4に示した面光源10と同じである。
【0073】
また、上記面光源10,10aはそれぞれ、導光板11のその入射端面12から入射した光の複数の段面13での内面反射を、前記段面13と外気との界面での全反射により行なわせるようにしているが、前記導光板11の前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段面13の上に反射膜を形成し、これらの段面13での内面反射を前記反射膜により行なわせるようにしてもよい。
【0074】
図6に示した面光源10bは、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段面13の上にアルミニウム等の金属膜を蒸着またはメッキして反射膜15を形成し、これらの段面13での内面反射を前記反射膜15により行なわせるようにしたものであり、他の構成は図2〜図4に示した面光源10と同じである。
【0075】
なお、この面光源10bは、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段面13の上に反射膜15を形成したものであるため、図1に示した表示装置にこの面光源10bを用いることにより、前記表示装置に、液晶素子1の前側(表示の観察側)から入射した光を前記導光板11の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段面13上に反射膜15により反射させて表示する反射表示と、前記面光源10bからの出射光を利用する透過表示との両方の表示を行なわせることができる。
【0076】
さらに、上記各面光源10.10a,10bはそれぞれ、導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域の前側に、前記端部領域からの出射光を拡散させる拡散手段を設けたものであるが、前記拡散手段に代えて、前記導光板11の端部領域内の段面を、導光板11内からの光の少なくとも一部を前記導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面に形成してもよい。
【0077】
図7に示した面光源10cは、前記拡散手段に代えて、前記導光板11の入射端面12から少なくとも前記入射端面12の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域内の複数の段面13aを、導光板11内からの光を前記導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面に形成するとともに、前記導光板11の前記端部領域の前側に、前記端部領域から導光板11の前側に出射する漏れ光を反射させる前側反射板16bを配置したものであり、他の構成は図2〜図4に示した面光源10と同じである。
【0078】
なお、この面光源10cでは、前記導光板11の後側の反射板16の一端に一体形成されたリフレクタ16aの他端を前記導光板11の端部領域の前側に延長させ、その延長部を前記前側反射板16bとしている。
【0079】
また、この面光源10cでは、前記導光板11の前記端部領域内の段面13aを、導光板11の幅方向に沿った横長の複数のプリズム部23からなる断面形状が鋸歯状の凹凸面に形成し、前記複数のプリズム部23の両側面のうち、前記入射端面12側から導光板11の前側に向かって高くなる方向に傾斜する一方の側面の傾斜角を、導光板11内からの光を前記導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる角度に設定し、他方の側面を、前記一方の側面に対して略直交する傾斜面に形成している。
【0080】
この面光源10cも、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部以外の部分に対応する領域を光の出射エリアとし、この出射エリアの全域から均一な強度分布の光を出射させるようにしたものであり、この面光源10cにおいては、前記導光板11にその入射端面12から入射した光のうち、前記入射端面12側の端部付近の前面に向かう高強度の光が、前記入射端面12側の端部領域内の凹凸面に形成された段面13aにより内面反射され、この段面13aにより導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射された光が、前記導光板11内を導かれて前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から出射する。
【0081】
この面光源10cでは、前記導光板11の入射端面12から少なくとも前記入射端面12の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域内の複数の段面13aを凹凸面に形成しているため、前記導光板11内からその入射端面側の端部付近の前面に向かう前記高強度の光のほとんどを、前記凹凸面に形成された段面13aにより内面反射することができる。
【0082】
また、この面光源10cでは、前記導光板の入射端面12側の端部領域内の複数の段面13aを、前記導光板11の幅方向に沿った横長の複数のプリズム部23からなる凹凸面に形成し、前記複数のプリズム部23の一方の側面の傾斜角を、導光板11内からの光を前記導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる角度に設定しているため、これらの段面13aにより内面反射された光のほとんどを、前記導光板11の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14及び後面で内面反射させて導光板11内を導き、前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から効率良く出射させることができる。
【0083】
さらに、この面光源10cでは、前記導光板11の端部領域の前側に前側反射板16bを配置しているため、前記端部領域凹凸面に形成された段部13a及び段差部14から導光板11の前側に出射する漏れ光を前記前側反射板16bにより反射させて導光板11内に再入射させることができ、したがって、前記導光板11にその入射端面12から入射した光のほとんどを、効率良く、しかも略同じ強度で前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から効率良く出射させることができる。
【0084】
なお、この面光源10cにおいて、前記導光板11は、その入射端面12から前記入射端面12の高さの1.5〜3倍の範囲(例えば入射端面12の高さが0.5〜1.5mmの場合で、入射端面12から約0.7〜9mmの範囲)の端部領域内の段面13aを凹凸面に形成した構成とするのが好ましく、このようにすることにより、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部付近から出射する前記高強度の光のほとんどを前記拡散板18により拡散させるとともに、面光源10の平面積を前記出射エリアの面積に近くし、その設置スペースを小さくすることができる。
【0085】
そして、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から出射した光は、前記導光板11の前側に配置された光学部材20により前記段差面14に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折され屈折され、前記光学部材20の前面の法線付近の方向、つまり面光源10の正面方向に向かって前側に出射する。
【0086】
すなわち、この面光源10cは、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14からそれぞれ、前記入射端面12から入射して導光板11内を導かれた光と、前記入射端面12から急角度で入射し、前記端部領域内の凹凸面に形成された段面13aにより導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射されて前記導光板11内を導かれた光とを出射させ、その出射光を、前記光学部材20により屈折させて前記出射エリア(導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分に対応する領域)から前側に出射させるようにしたものである。
【0087】
この面光源10cによれば、前記発光素子17からの光を、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から均一な強度で出射させることができるため、前記出射エリアから、その全域にわたって均一な強度分布の光を出射させることができるとともに、前記導光板11にその入射端面12から入射した光のうち、前記入射端面12側の端部付近の前面に向かう高強度の光を前記凹凸面に形成された段面13aにより内面反射させ、この段面13aにより導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射された光を導光板11内を導いて前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面14から出射させるようにしているため、前記発光素子20からの光を効率良く利用し、充分な強度の光を前記出射エリアから出射させることができる。
【0088】
したがって、この面光源10cによれば、側方に配置された発光素子17からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させることができる。
【0089】
なお、上記図7に示した面光源10cは、導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域内の段面13aを、前記導光板11の幅方向に沿った横長の複数のプリズム部23からなる凹凸面に形成し、前記複数のプリズム部23の一方の側面の傾斜角を、前記導光板12内からの光を導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる角度に設定したものであるが、導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域内の段面13aは、前記導光板11内からの光の少なくとも一部を導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面であれば、他の形状の凹凸面に形成してもよい。
【0090】
図8に示した面光源10dは、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域内の段面13bを、前記導光板11の幅方向に沿った複数の凸部と凹部が交互に連続する形状の凹凸面に形成したものであり、他の構成は図7に示した面光源10cと同じである。
【0091】
また、図9に示した面光源10eは、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域の前側に配置された前側反射板16bの導光板11に対向する面に拡散層24を設け、前記導光板11の前記端部領域から前側に出射した漏れ光を、前記拡散層24により拡散させて前記導光板11内に再入射させるようにしたものであり、他の構成は図7に示した面光源10cと同じである。
【0092】
なお、この面光源10eにおいて、前記前側反射板16bの導光板11に対向する面に設けられた拡散層24は、入射光をほとんど吸収することなく拡散させるものでも、入射光の一部を吸収する半吸収性を有するものでもよい。
【0093】
さらに、図10に示した面光源10fは、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域内の複数の段面のうち、一部の段面を、導光板11内からの光の少なくとも一部を前記導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面に形成し、前記断面を凹凸面に形成した部分の前側に前側反射板16bを配置するとともに、前記導光板11の前記端部領域の前側に、前記導光板11の前記端部領域からの出射光を拡散させる拡散手段を設けたものであり、他の構成は図2〜図3に示した面光源10aと同じである。
【0094】
なお、この面光源10fでは、前記導光板11の入射端面12側の端部領域のうち、入射端面12側の略半分判部の領域内の段面を、図7に示した面光源10cと同様な複数のプリズム部23からなる鋸歯状の凹凸面を形成した段面12aとするとともに、前記導光板11の前記端部領域の前側に、図1に示した表示素子支持部材5を兼ねる拡散手段25を設けている。
【0095】
すなわち、この面光源10fは、前記導光板11内から前記入射端面12側の端部領域の前面に向かう高強度の光のうち、一部の光を前記凹凸面に形成された段面12aにより導光板11の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させ、前記端部領域の他の部分から導光板11の前側に出射した光を、前記拡散手段25により拡散させて前記導光板11に再入射させるようにしたものである。
【0096】
なお、上記図7〜図10に示した面光源10c,10d,10e,10fは、導光板11のその入射端面12から入射した光の複数の段面13での内面反射を、前記段面13と外気との界面での全反射により行なわせるようにしたものであるが、これらの面光源10c,10d,10e,10fにおいても、図6に示した面光源10bと同様に、導光板11の前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段面13の上に反射膜を形成し、これらの段面13での内面反射を前記反射膜により行なわせるようにしてもよい。
【0097】
また、上述した各面光源10,10a,10b,10c,10d,10e,10fでは、導光板11の後側の反射板16を鏡面反射板としているが、前記反射板16は、入射光を拡散させて反射する拡散反射板でもよい。
【0098】
さらに、上記各面光源10,10a,10b,10c,10d,10e,10fでは、導光板11の前側の光学部材20を、前記導光板11に対向する後面に複数のプリズム部21が形成されたプリズムシートとしているが、前記光学部材は、プリズムシートに限らず、前記導光板11の複数の段差面14から出射した光を前記段差面14に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させるものであればよい。
【0099】
さらにまた、上記各面光源10,10a,10b,10c,10d,10e,10fでは、導光板1の後面に近接させて前記反射板16を配置しているが、前記導光板1の後側の反射板を、前記導光板11の後面に金属膜の蒸着またはメッキ等により形成し、前記導光板11の後面での内面反射を前記反射板により行なわせるようにしてもよい。
【0100】
また、この発明の面光源は、図1に示したような表示装置の光源に限らず、前面から光を出射する照明パネル等としても利用することができる。
【0101】
【発明の効果】
この発明の面光源は、一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前面の前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板の後側に反射板を設け、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて発光素子を配置するとともに、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域の前側に拡散手段を設け、前記導光板の前側に、前記導光板の少なくとも前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて、前記導光板の複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材を配置したものであるため、側方に配置された前記発光素子からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させることができる。
【0102】
この面光源において、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域の前側に設けられた前記拡散手段は、入射光の一部を吸収する特性を有しているのが望ましく、このようにすることにより、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域の付近から出射する光の強度を適度に減衰させ、前記導光板の前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から出射する光の強度をより均一にして、さらに均一な強度分布の光を出射させることができる。
【0103】
また、この発明の他の面光源は、一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前面の前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板の後側に反射板を設け、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて発光素子を配置し、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域の段面を、前記導光板内からの光の少なくとも一部を前記導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面に形成するとともに、前記導光板の前側に、前記導光板の前面の少なくとも前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて、前記導光板の前記複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材を配置したものであるため、側方に配置された前記発光素子からの光を、強度分布が均一で、しかも充分な強度の光として前側に出射させることができる。
【0104】
この面光源において、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域内の段面は、前記導光板の幅方向に沿った横長の複数のプリズム部からなる凹凸面に形成され、前記複数のプリズム部の一方の側面の傾斜角が、前記導光板内からの光を前記導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる角度に設定されているのが好ましく、このようにすることにより、前記導光板の入射端面側の端部領域内の前記凹凸面に形成された段面により内面反射された光のほとんどを、前記導光板の前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面及び後面で内面反射させて導光板内を導き、前記端部領域以外の部分の複数の段差面から効率良く出射させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の面光源を備えた表示装置の側面図。
【図2】この発明の第1の実施例を示す面光源の側面図。
【図3】第1の実施例の面光源の導光板からの光の出射状態を示す拡大側面図。
【図4】第1の実施例の面光源からの光の出射状態を示す拡大側面図。
【図5】この発明の第2の実施例を示す面光源の一部分の側面図。
【図6】この発明の第3の実施例を示す面光源の一部分の側面図。
【図7】この発明の第4の実施例を示す面光源の一部分の側面図。
【図8】この発明の第5の実施例を示す面光源の一部分の側面図。
【図9】この発明の第6の実施例を示す面光源の一部分の側面図。
【図10】この発明の第7の実施例を示す面光源の一部分の側面図。
【符号の説明】
10,10a,10b,10c,10d,10e,10f…面光源
11…導光板
12…入射端面
13…段面
14…段差面
16…反射板
17…発光素子
18…拡散板
19…拡散層
20…光学部材
13a,13b…凹凸面に形成された段面
23…プリズム部
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surface light source that emits light from a light emitting element disposed laterally to a front side.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, as a surface light source used in a display device or the like having a non-light-emitting display element that controls transmission of light incident from the outside such as a liquid crystal display element, light from a light-emitting element arranged on the side is used. Some are emitted to the front side.
[0003]
There are various types of surface light sources of this type, but recently, in order to emit light from the light emitting element in the front direction (direction near the normal to the front surface of the surface light source), one end surface is used. Is formed as a stepped surface composed of a plurality of step surfaces and a plurality of step surfaces connecting these step surfaces, and guides light incident from the incident end surface from the plurality of step surfaces. A light guide plate that emits light, a reflection plate is provided on the rear side of the light guide plate, and a light emitting element is arranged on the side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face; and the light guide plate is provided on the front side of the light guide plate. A structure in which an optical member that refracts light emitted from a plurality of step surfaces in a direction in which the angle with respect to the step surface becomes smaller and emits the light to the front side is used (see Patent Document 1).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-90719 A
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the surface light source emits more light to the light guide plate from the incident end face side from the vicinity of the end face on the incident end face side, the light emitted from near the end face on the incident end face side of the light guide plate. The intensity of the emitted light is higher than the intensity of the emitted light from the other portion, and therefore, the light that is refracted by the optical member disposed on the front side of the light guide plate and emitted to the front side is closer to the incident end face side of the light guide plate. The intensity of the light emitted from the region corresponding to the vicinity of the end becomes light having a higher intensity distribution than the intensity of the light emitted from the other region, causing uneven brightness on the display of the display device.
[0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface light source capable of emitting light from a light emitting element arranged on the side as a light having a uniform intensity distribution and sufficient intensity to the front side. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the surface light source of the present invention, one end face is an incident end face, and the front face is formed as a stepped surface including a plurality of step faces and a plurality of step faces connecting these step faces, and light incident from the incident end face is provided. A light guide plate that guides and emits light from the plurality of step surfaces, a reflection plate provided on the rear side of the light guide plate, and a light emitting element disposed on a side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face, A diffusing unit that is provided on the front side of an end region of at least the height of the incident end surface from the incident end surface of the light guide plate and diffuses outgoing light from the end region of the light guide plate; On the front side, an optical member disposed so as to face a portion other than the end region and refracting light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate in a direction in which an angle with respect to the step surface becomes smaller. Features.
[0008]
In this surface light source, a region corresponding to a portion other than the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate is a light emission area, and light having a uniform intensity distribution is emitted from the entire area of the light emission plate. is there.
[0009]
In this surface light source, the light guide plate guides the light (light from the light emitting element) incident from the incident end face through the light guide plate and emits the light from the plurality of step surfaces on the front surface. Of the incident light, most of the light incident on the step surface and the rear surface of the front surface of the light guide plate at a steep angle is emitted directly from the front surface near the end on the incident end surface side, or is guided. Since the light is reflected by the reflection plate provided on the rear side of the light plate and is emitted from the front surface near the end, light emitted from near the end on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate is more light-emitting than light emitted from other portions. Even high intensity light.
[0010]
High-intensity light emitted from near the end of the light guide plate on the incident end face side is diffused by diffusing means provided on the front side of the end area on the incident end face side of the light guide plate. Light that has re-entered the light guide plate is guided inside the light guide plate, and exits from a plurality of step surfaces other than the end regions.
[0011]
In this surface light source, since the diffusing means is provided corresponding to an end region in a range from the incident end face of the light guide plate to at least the height of the incident end face, the end of the light guide plate on the incident end face side is provided. Most of the high-intensity light emitted from the vicinity can be diffused by the diffusion means, and a part thereof can be re-entered into the light guide plate.
[0012]
The light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the portion other than the end region of the light guide plate is refracted in a direction in which the angle with respect to the step surface becomes smaller by an optical member disposed on the front side of the light guide plate and the front side. Out.
[0013]
In other words, this surface light source is a light that is incident from the incident end face and is guided through the light guide plate from a plurality of stepped surfaces other than the end area on the incident end face side of the light guide plate, and from the incident end face. It is incident at a steep angle, exits from the end area on the incident end face side, and among the lights diffused by the diffusing means, emits the light guided into the light guide plate by re-entering the light guide plate, The emitted light is refracted by the optical member and emitted to the front from the emission area (a region corresponding to a portion other than the end region on the incident end face side of the light guide plate).
[0014]
Therefore, according to this surface light source, the light from the light emitting element can be emitted with a uniform intensity from a plurality of step surfaces other than the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate. Light having a uniform intensity distribution can be emitted from the emission area over the entire area.
[0015]
Moreover, this surface light source has a region corresponding to a region other than the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate as a light emission area. Of the incident light, the light emitted from the end area on the incident end face side of the light guide plate is diffused by the diffusion means, and a part of the diffused light is re-entered into the light guide plate, and the light is transmitted to the light guide plate. Since the light is guided from inside and emitted from a plurality of step surfaces other than the end region, light from the light emitting element is efficiently used, and light of sufficient intensity is emitted from the emission area. Can be.
[0016]
Therefore, according to this surface light source, the light from the light emitting element arranged on the side can be emitted to the front side as light having a uniform intensity distribution and sufficient intensity.
[0017]
As described above, the surface light source according to the present invention has a light guide surface having one end surface formed as an incident end surface and a front surface formed in a stepped surface, guiding light incident from the incident end surface and emitting light from the plurality of step surfaces on the front surface. A reflection plate is provided on the rear side of the light plate, and a light emitting element is arranged on the side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face, and the end of the light guide plate from the incident end face at least at the height of the incident end face or more. A diffusing means is provided on the front side of the partial region, and the light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate is reduced in angle with the front surface of the light guide plate, facing a portion other than the end region, with respect to the step surface. By arranging an optical member that refracts light in the direction, light from the light emitting elements arranged on the side is emitted to the front side as light having a uniform intensity distribution and sufficient intensity.
[0018]
In this surface light source, it is preferable that the diffusing means provided in front of an end region on the incident end face side of the light guide plate has a characteristic of absorbing a part of incident light.
[0019]
Further, another surface light source according to the present invention is configured such that one end face is an incident end face, and the front face is formed as a step-shaped surface including a plurality of step faces and a plurality of step faces connecting these step faces, A light guide plate that guides light incident from the light guide plate and emits the light from the plurality of stepped surfaces, a reflection plate provided on the rear side of the light guide plate, and a light guide plate, which is disposed on a side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end surface. A light emitting element, and the stepped surface in an end region at least equal to or higher than the height of the incident end face from the incident end face of the light guide plate, and at least a part of light from inside the light guide plate of the light guide plate. The rear surface is formed on an uneven surface that reflects the inner surface in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal increases, and on the front side of the light guide plate, facing the portion other than the end region, the plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate The angle of the light emitted from the Wherein the optical member for refracting a fence made direction is disposed.
[0020]
This surface light source also has a region corresponding to a part other than the end on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate as a light emission area, and emits light having a uniform intensity distribution from the entire area of the light emission area. In this surface light source, of the light incident on the light guide plate from the incident end face, high-intensity light traveling toward the front surface near the end on the incident end face side has irregularities in the end area on the incident end face side. Light that is internally reflected by the step surface formed on the surface and is internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate is increased by this step surface is guided inside the light guide plate, and other than the end region. Are emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the portion.
[0021]
In this surface light source, since the stepped surface in the end region at least equal to or higher than the height of the incident end face from the incident end face of the light guide plate is formed as an uneven surface, the inside of the light guide plate is closer to the incident end face side. Most of the high-intensity light traveling toward the front surface near the end can be internally reflected by the stepped surface formed on the uneven surface.
[0022]
The light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces other than the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate is refracted in a direction in which the angle with respect to the step surface is reduced by an optical member disposed on the front side of the light guide plate. The light is emitted to the front side.
[0023]
In other words, this surface light source is a light that is incident from the incident end face and is guided through the light guide plate from a plurality of stepped surfaces other than the end area on the incident end face side of the light guide plate, and from the incident end face. The light incident at a steep angle and the light guided inside the light guide plate by being internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate is increased by the step surface formed on the uneven surface in the end region. The light is emitted, the emitted light is refracted by the optical member, and emitted from the emission area (a region corresponding to a portion other than the end region on the incident end face side of the light guide plate) to the front side.
[0024]
According to this surface light source, the light from the light emitting element can be emitted with uniform intensity from a plurality of stepped surfaces other than the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate. A light having a uniform intensity distribution can be emitted over the entire area thereof, and among the light incident on the light guide plate from the incident end face, the high intensity light heading toward the front surface near the end on the incident end face side is used as the light guide plate. The inner surface is reflected by the stepped surface formed on the uneven surface, and the light internally reflected by the stepped surface in the direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate becomes larger is guided through the light guide plate to a portion other than the end region. Since the light is emitted from the plurality of step surfaces, light from the light emitting element can be efficiently used, and light with sufficient intensity can be emitted from the emission area.
[0025]
Therefore, according to this surface light source, the light from the light emitting element arranged on the side can be emitted to the front side as light having a uniform intensity distribution and sufficient intensity.
[0026]
As described above, another surface light source according to the present invention has an end surface formed as an incident end surface and a front surface formed as a stepped surface, and guides light incident from the incident end surface to emit light from the plurality of step surfaces on the front surface. A reflector is provided on the rear side of the light guide plate to be provided, and a light emitting element is arranged on the side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face, and at least a height of the incident end face or more from the incident end face of the light guide plate. The stepped surface of the end region is formed on an uneven surface that internally reflects at least a part of light from inside the light guide plate in a direction in which an angle with respect to a normal to a rear surface of the light guide plate becomes larger, and a front side of the light guide plate. An optical member for refracting the light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate in a direction in which the angle with respect to the step surface is reduced so as to face a portion other than the end region. The light emission arranged in the The light from the child, the intensity distribution is uniform, yet is obtained so as to emit to the front as light of sufficient intensity.
[0027]
In this surface light source, a stepped surface in an end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate is formed as an uneven surface formed of a plurality of horizontally long prism portions along a width direction of the light guide plate, and the plurality of prism portions are formed. Is preferably set to an angle at which light from inside the light guide plate is internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate increases.
[0028]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an example of a display device provided with the surface light source of the present invention. FIGS. 2 to 4 show the surface light source of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 shows the display device of the second embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a surface light source according to a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a surface light source according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a surface light source according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 10 shows a surface light source according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 shows a surface light source according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
[0029]
First, the display device shown in FIG. 1 will be described. This display device is provided with a non-light-emitting display element 1 for controlling transmission of light incident from the outside and displaying the display, and disposed behind the display element 1. And a surface light source 10.
[0030]
The non-emissive display element 1 is, for example, a liquid crystal display element, which is shown in a simplified manner in the figure, but is formed by forming a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form on mutually opposing surfaces of a pair of front and rear transparent substrates. A liquid crystal cell 2 having a transparent electrode formed thereon and a liquid crystal layer provided between these substrates, and a pair of front and rear polarizing plates 3 and 4 arranged with the liquid crystal cell 1 interposed therebetween.
[0031]
The display element 1 is supported by a frame-shaped display element support member 5, and the surface light source 10 is disposed on the rear side of the display element 1 with its emission surface facing the rear surface of the display element 1. ing.
[0032]
2 to 4 show the surface light source 10 of the display device, FIG. 2 is a side view of the surface light source 10, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view showing a state of light emission from the light guide plate of the surface light source 10. . FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view showing a state in which light is emitted from the surface light source 10.
[0033]
As shown in FIG. 2, the surface light source 10 includes a light guide plate 11, a reflection plate 16 provided on the rear side of the light guide plate 11, and a light emitting element 17 disposed on the side of the light guide plate 11. A light diffusing plate 18 provided in front of an end region of the light guide plate 11 on the incident end face 12 side; and an optical member 20 disposed in front of the light guide plate 11.
[0034]
The light guide plate 11 is a transparent plate made of an acrylic resin or the like, one end surface of which is an incident end surface 12, a rear surface is formed as a flat surface, and a front surface has a height from the rear surface of the incident end surface. It has a shape formed as a step-like surface composed of a plurality of step surfaces 13 gradually decreasing from the 12 side to the other end side and a plurality of step surfaces 14 connecting these step surfaces 13.
[0035]
Each of the plurality of step surfaces 13 is a horizontally long surface that is parallel to the width direction of the light guide plate 11, that is, the length direction of the incident end surface 12 and extends over the entire width of the light guide plate 11. , Are formed on a flat surface parallel to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11.
[0036]
Further, each of the plurality of step surfaces 14 is a rising surface of a very small height substantially parallel to the incident end surface 12, and these step surfaces 14 are provided for light incident on the light guide plate 11 from the incident end surface 12. It is an emission surface.
[0037]
The light guide plate 11 converts the light (white light from the light emitting element 17) incident from the incident end face 12 into a plurality of step surfaces 13 on the front surface of the light guide plate 11 and the light guide plate as shown by arrows in FIG. The light guide plate 11 guides the inside of the light guide plate while being internally reflected by the rear surface, and emits light from the plurality of step surfaces 14 on the front surface with substantially the same intensity.
[0038]
The internal reflection at the plurality of step surfaces 13 and the rear surface of the front surface of the light guide plate 11 is due to total reflection at the interface between the step surface 13 and the outside air (air) and at the interface between the rear surface and the outside air. Light incident on the interface at an angle of incidence equal to or greater than the critical angle for total reflection is internally reflected by the stepped surface 13 and the rear surface of the light guide plate 11, and is incident on the interface at a smaller angle (closer to normal) than the critical angle for total reflection. Light incident at an angle is refracted at the interface and transmitted, and exits from the step surface 13 and the rear surface to the outside.
[0039]
The light emitted from the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 to the outside is reflected by the reflector 16 provided on the rear side of the light guide plate 1 and re-enters the light guide plate 11, and of the light, all of the light Light incident at an incident angle equal to or greater than the reflection critical angle is internally reflected by the plurality of step surfaces 13 and the rear surface of the light guide plate 11, guided inside the light guide plate 11, and emitted from the plurality of step surfaces 14.
[0040]
The reflection plate 16 is a high-reflection mirror reflection plate made of, for example, aluminum or the like. The reflection plate 16 is arranged on the rear side of the light guide plate 1 with its reflection surface close to the rear surface of the light guide plate 1. Have been.
[0041]
The light emitting element 17 arranged on the side of the light guide plate 11 emits white light. In the surface light source 10, a straight tubular cooling member having a length extending over the entire length of the incident end face 12 of the light guide plate 11 is provided. A cathode ray tube is disposed so as to face the incident end face 12 of the light guide plate 11, and light emitted from the cold cathode ray tube is reflected at one end of the reflector 16 toward the incident end face 12 of the light guide plate 11. The reflector 16a to be formed is integrally formed.
[0042]
On the other hand, a diffusion plate 18 provided in front of an end region of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end face 12 is for diffusing light emitted from the end region of the light guide plate 11. Has a property of absorbing a part of incident light (hereinafter, referred to as semi-absorbing property).
[0043]
The diffusing plate 18 is made of a semi-absorbing diffuser in which scattering particles are dispersed in a transparent resin having an absorption characteristic without wavelength dependence, which is dyed gray with a black dye, and all of the incident light in the visible light band. A part of the light having the wavelength is absorbed at substantially the same absorptance, and the other light is diffused and emitted.
[0044]
The diffusion plate 18 is provided in correspondence with an end region of at least the height of the incident end surface 12 from the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11 and is provided on the rear surface of the display element supporting member 5 shown in FIG. It is supported by means such as adhesion.
[0045]
The optical member 20 disposed on the front side of the light guide plate 11 refracts the light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces 14 of the light guide plate 11 in a direction in which the angle with respect to the step surface 14 becomes smaller and emits the light to the front side. The optical member 20 is disposed so as to face a portion other than the end region of the light guide plate 11 on the incident end face 12 side.
[0046]
The optical member 20 is made of a transparent plate such as an acrylic resin plate having the same width as the light guide plate 11, has a flat front surface, and has a plurality of light guide plates 11 on a rear surface facing the light guide plate 11. The prism sheet is formed integrally with a plurality of prism portions 21 for making light emitted from the step surface 14 incident thereon and refracting the light in a direction in which the angle with respect to the step surface 14 becomes smaller.
[0047]
Each of the plurality of prism portions 21 is a horizontally long prism portion having a length parallel to the length direction of the step surface 14 of the light guide plate 11 and extending over the entire width of the optical member 20. One side of the light guide plate 11 facing the step surface 14 is an incident surface on which light emitted from the step surface 14 is incident, and the other side is a surface on which the light incident from the incident surface is incident on the step surface 14. Is a refracting surface that refracts light in a direction in which the angle with respect to becomes smaller.
[0048]
The plurality of prism portions 21 are formed in parallel with each other at a constant pitch with an interval therebetween, and a portion between the respective prism portions 21 on the rear surface of the optical member 20 is positioned with respect to the front surface of the optical member 20. The angle is a gentle slope 22 which is extremely small.
[0049]
The optical member 20 is arranged such that the tops of the plurality of prism portions 21 on the rear surface thereof are brought close to or in contact with the leading edges (portions connected to the step surfaces 14) of the plurality of step surfaces 13 of the light guide plate 11. I have.
[0050]
In the drawing, the pitch of the step surface 14 of the light guide plate 11 and the pitch of the prism portions 21 of the optical member 20 are greatly exaggerated, but the plurality of prism portions 21 of the optical member 20 are shown in FIG. Are formed at a pitch equal to or less than the pixel pitch of the display element 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the plurality of step surfaces 14 of the light guide plate 11 emit light from all the step surfaces 14 to the optical member 20. The optical member 20 is formed at a pitch that is 1.5 to 2 times larger than the pitch of the prism portion 21 in order to make the light incident on any one of the prism portions 21 without fail.
[0051]
The surface light source 10 has a region corresponding to a portion other than the end region of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end surface 12 as a light emitting area, and emits light having a uniform intensity distribution from the entire area of the light emitting plate. It was done.
[0052]
In the surface light source 10, as described above, the light guide plate 11 reflects the light incident from the incident end surface 12 while internally reflecting the light by the total reflection at the interface between the plurality of step surfaces 13 on the front surface and the rear surface and the outside air. The light is guided through the light guide plate 11 and emitted from the plurality of step surfaces 14 on the front surface with substantially the same intensity. Of the light incident on the light guide plate 11 from the incident end surface 12, a steep angle with respect to the step surface 13 and the rear surface is provided. Most of the light incident at (an angle smaller than the critical angle for total reflection of the interface) directly exits from the front surface near the end on the incident end surface side as shown in FIG. The light is reflected by a reflecting plate 16 provided on the rear side of the light source 11 and exits from the front surface near the end.
[0053]
Therefore, light emitted from near the end of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end face 12 is light having higher intensity than light emitted from other portions.
[0054]
High-intensity light emitted from near the end of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end face 12 enters a semi-absorbing diffusion plate 18 provided in front of the end area of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end face 12. Then, part of the light is absorbed by the diffusion plate 18, and other light is diffused and emitted from the diffusion plate 18 in various directions.
[0055]
Then, of the light diffused by the diffusion plate 18, light emitted from the diffusion plate 18 toward the light guide plate 11 re-enters the light guide plate 11, and of the light, the total reflection critical As shown by broken lines in FIGS. 2 and 4, the re-incident light having an angle or more is guided inside the light guide plate 11 while being internally reflected by the step surface 13 and the rear surface. Light is emitted from the plurality of step surfaces 14 with substantially the same intensity.
[0056]
In addition, the diffused light emitted from the diffuser 18 in various directions includes the light between the light guide plate 11 and the optical member 20 disposed in front of the light guide plate 11 as shown by broken lines in FIGS. There is also light traveling toward the prism part 21 near the end of the optical member 20 on the diffusion plate 18 side, and the prism part 21 reduces the angle of the light guide plate 11 with respect to the step surface 14. And is emitted to the front side of the optical member 20.
[0057]
In the surface light source 10, the diffusion plate 18 is provided so as to correspond to an end region in a range from the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11 to at least the height of the incident end surface 12. Most of the high-intensity light emitted from near the end on the incident end face 12 side can be diffused by the diffusion plate 18.
[0058]
That is, most of the high-intensity light emitted from the vicinity of the end of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end face 12 has an incident angle smaller than the critical angle for total reflection from the incident end face 12 to the step surface 13 and the rear surface. And exits from the stepped surface 13 near the end on the incident end face 12 side. The light is transmitted from the incident end face 12 of the light guide plate 11 to the incident end face 12 as shown in FIG. The light is emitted from a region A having a width similar to the height.
[0059]
Therefore, by providing the diffusion plate 18 in correspondence with the end region of the light guide plate 11 from the incident end surface 12 to at least the height of the incident end surface 12 or more, the light guide plate 11 on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11 is provided. Most of the high-intensity light emitted from near the end can be diffused by the diffusion plate 18.
[0060]
Since the surface light source 10 uses a region corresponding to a portion other than the end region of the light guide plate 11 where the diffusion plate 18 is provided as a light emission area, the end of the light guide plate 11 is used. A partial region protrudes to the side of the emission area.
[0061]
Therefore, the diffusion plate 18 has a height of 1.5 to 3 times the height of the incident end face 12 from the incident end face 12 of the light guide plate 11 (for example, the height of the incident end face 12 is 0.5 to 1.5 mm). In this case, it is preferable that the light guide plate 11 is provided in correspondence with an end area of about 0.7 to 9 mm from the incident end face 12). Most of the high-intensity light to be emitted is diffused by the diffusion plate 18, and the plane area of the surface light source 10 is made close to the area of the emission area, so that the installation space can be reduced.
[0062]
The light emitted from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 of the light guide plate 11 other than the end region where the diffusion plate 18 is provided is transmitted to the light guide plate 11 by the optical member 20 disposed in front of the light guide plate 11. Is refracted in a direction in which the angle with respect to the light source becomes smaller, and is emitted forward in a direction near the normal to the front surface of the optical member 20, that is, in the front direction of the surface light source 10.
[0063]
That is, the surface light source 10 includes the light guide plate 11, from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 other than the end region on the incident end surface 12 side, of the light incident on the light guide plate 11 from the incident end surface 12. The light that is refracted by the internal reflection on the plurality of stepped surfaces 13 on the front surface of the light guide plate 11 and the internal reflection on the rear surface or the reflection on the reflection plate 16 and guided inside the light guide plate 11, and the light on the incident end surface 12 side The light emitted from the end region is diffused by the diffusion plate 18, re-enters the light guide plate 11, emits light guided through the light guide plate 11, and the emitted light is refracted by the optical member 20. In this way, the light is emitted from the emission area (the area corresponding to a part other than the end area on the incident end face 12 side of the light guide plate 11) to the front side.
[0064]
Therefore, according to the surface light source 10, the light from the light emitting element 17 can be emitted with uniform intensity from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 other than the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11. Therefore, light having a uniform intensity distribution can be emitted from the emission area over the entire area.
[0065]
In addition, light emitted from the end region of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end surface 12 and diffused by the diffusion plate 18 and re-entered into the light guide plate 11 is not internally reflected by the rear surface of the light guide plate 11. Some of the light exits to the rear side of the light guide plate 11 and is reflected by the reflection plate 16 and re-enters the light guide plate 11. Most of the re-incident light is reflected on the stepped surface 13 near the end region. Alternatively, the light is emitted from the step surface 14. In the surface light source 10, since the diffusion plate 18 has a semi-absorbing property to absorb a part of the incident light, the light absorption rate of the diffusion plate 18 is appropriately selected. Thereby, the intensity of light emitted from the vicinity of the end region is appropriately attenuated, and the intensity of light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces 14 of the light guide plate 11 other than the end region is made more uniform. Light with a more uniform intensity distribution is emitted from the emission area. Rukoto can.
[0066]
Further, in the surface light source 10, as described above, the diffusion plate 18 has an absorption characteristic of absorbing a part of all the wavelength light of the incident light in the visible light band at substantially the same absorption rate. The diffused light emitted from the diffusion plate 18 does not take on a color, and therefore, the same white light as the light emitted from the light emitting element 17 can be emitted from the emission area.
[0067]
In addition, the surface light source 10 uses a region corresponding to a portion other than the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11 as a light emission area. Of the light incident from the incident end face 12, light emitted from the end area of the light guide plate 11 on the incident end face 12 side is diffused by the diffusion plate 18, and a part of the diffused light is re-entered into the light guide plate 11. The light from the light emitting element 17 is efficiently used because the light is guided through the light guide plate 11 and emitted from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 other than the end regions. The light having a high intensity can be emitted from the emission area.
[0068]
Therefore, according to the surface light source 10, the light from the light emitting element 17 arranged on the side can be emitted to the front side as light having a uniform intensity distribution and sufficient intensity. Can perform high quality display without luminance unevenness.
[0069]
In addition, since the surface light source 10 has the above-described configuration, the display device uses a reflection display using external light that is light of the use environment, and a display device that uses light emitted from the surface light source 10. And a transparent display.
[0070]
That is, since the surface light source 10 is provided with the reflection plate 16 on the rear side of the light guide plate 11 made of a transparent plate, the light from the light emitting element 17 is transmitted through the light guide plate 11 and the optical member 20 to the front side. In addition to the light emitted from the optical member 20, the light incident from the front side of the optical member 20 can be reflected by the reflection plate 16 and emitted to the front side. 1), the reflected light is reflected by the reflector 16 of the surface light source 10 for display as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1, and the light emitted from the surface light source 10 is broken in FIG. As shown in the above, it is possible to perform transmissive display in which the display element 1 is made to enter the display element 1 from the rear side to display.
[0071]
In the surface light source 10, light emitted from the end region of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end surface 12 is diffused by the diffusion plate 18 supported on the rear surface of the display element supporting member 5 shown in FIG. However, the diffusing means for diffusing the light emitted from the end region of the light guide plate 11 is formed, for example, by applying a diffusion material to the front surface of the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11. Alternatively, the display element support member 5 may be formed of a transparent resin in which scattering particles are dispersed, and the display element support member 5 may also serve as the diffusion unit.
[0072]
The surface light source 10a shown in FIG. 5 has a range from the incident end face 12 of the light guide plate 11 to at least the height of the incident end face 12 (preferably 1.5 to 3 times the height of the incident end face 12). On the front surface of the edge region, a semi-absorbing diffusion material in which scattering particles are dispersed in a transparent resin having absorption characteristics without wavelength dependency is applied to form a semi-absorbing diffusion layer 19, The configuration is the same as that of the surface light source 10 shown in FIGS.
[0073]
In addition, the surface light sources 10 and 10a each perform internal reflection of light incident from the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11 on a plurality of step surfaces 13 by total reflection at an interface between the step surface 13 and outside air. However, a reflection film is formed on the plurality of step surfaces 13 in a portion other than the end region of the light guide plate 11, and internal reflection on these step surfaces 13 is performed by the reflection film. You may do so.
[0074]
The surface light source 10b shown in FIG. 6 is configured such that a metal film such as aluminum is vapor-deposited or plated on a plurality of step surfaces 13 other than the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11 to form a reflection film 15. The inner surface reflection on the stepped surface 13 is performed by the reflection film 15, and the other configuration is the same as that of the surface light source 10 shown in FIGS.
[0075]
In addition, since the surface light source 10b is formed by forming the reflection film 15 on the plurality of step surfaces 13 in a portion other than the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11, the display shown in FIG. By using the surface light source 10b in the device, the light incident on the display device from the front side (the display observation side) of the liquid crystal element 1 can be reflected on the plurality of stepped surfaces 13 other than the end region of the light guide plate 11. And a transmissive display using the light emitted from the surface light source 10b.
[0076]
Further, each of the surface light sources 10.10a and 10b is provided with a diffusing means for diffusing light emitted from the end region in front of an end region of the light guide plate 11 on the incident end surface 12 side. Instead of the diffusing means, the stepped surface in the end region of the light guide plate 11 is changed so that at least a part of the light from inside the light guide plate 11 becomes larger in the direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 becomes larger. It may be formed on an uneven surface for internal reflection.
[0077]
The surface light source 10c shown in FIG. 7 replaces the diffusion unit with a plurality of step surfaces 13a in an end region in a range from the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11 to at least the height of the incident end surface 12, The light guide plate 11 is formed on an uneven surface that reflects light internally from the inside of the light guide plate 11 in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 increases, and the end portion of the light guide plate 11 is provided in front of the end region. A front reflector 16b for reflecting leaked light emitted from the region to the front side of the light guide plate 11 is disposed, and other configurations are the same as those of the surface light source 10 shown in FIGS.
[0078]
In the surface light source 10c, the other end of the reflector 16a integrally formed with one end of the reflection plate 16 on the rear side of the light guide plate 11 is extended to the front side of the end region of the light guide plate 11, and the extension is formed. The front reflector 16b is used.
[0079]
Further, in the surface light source 10c, the stepped surface 13a in the end region of the light guide plate 11 is formed by a plurality of laterally long prism portions 23 along the width direction of the light guide plate 11, and has a sawtooth-shaped uneven surface. And the inclination angle of one side surface of the two side surfaces of the plurality of prism portions 23, which is inclined from the incident end surface 12 side toward the front side of the light guide plate 11 in a direction of increasing from the light guide plate 11, The angle is set such that the light is internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal of the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 increases, and the other side surface is formed as an inclined surface substantially orthogonal to the one side surface.
[0080]
The surface light source 10c also has a region corresponding to a portion other than the end of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end surface 12 as a light emission area, and emits light having a uniform intensity distribution from the entire area of the emission area. In the surface light source 10 c, of the light incident on the light guide plate 11 from the incident end face 12, high-intensity light traveling toward the front surface near the end on the incident end face 12 side is transmitted to the incident end face 12. The light internally reflected by the stepped surface 13a formed on the uneven surface in the end region on the side of the light guide plate 11 is reflected by the stepped surface 13a in the direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 becomes large. The light is guided through the light plate 11 and exits from the plurality of step surfaces 14 in portions other than the end regions.
[0081]
In the surface light source 10c, since the plurality of stepped surfaces 13a in the end region of at least the height of the incident end surface 12 from the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11 are formed as uneven surfaces, Most of the high-intensity light traveling from inside 11 toward the front surface near the end on the incident end surface side can be internally reflected by the step surface 13a formed on the uneven surface.
[0082]
Further, in the surface light source 10c, the plurality of step surfaces 13a in the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate are replaced with the uneven surface formed by the plurality of horizontally long prism portions 23 along the width direction of the light guide plate 11. And the inclination angle of one side surface of the plurality of prism portions 23 is set to an angle at which light from inside the light guide plate 11 is internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 increases. Therefore, most of the light internally reflected by the stepped surface 13a is internally reflected by the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 and the rear surface of the portion other than the end region of the light guide plate 11 to guide the inside of the light guide plate 11, The light can be efficiently emitted from the plurality of step surfaces 14 other than the end region.
[0083]
Further, in the surface light source 10c, since the front reflector 16b is disposed in front of the end region of the light guide plate 11, the light guide plate is formed by the steps 13a and the step 14 formed on the uneven surface of the end region. The light leaking to the front side of the light guide 11 can be reflected by the front reflector 16b and re-entered into the light guide plate 11, so that most of the light incident on the light guide plate 11 from the incident end face 12 can be efficiently emitted. The light can be efficiently emitted from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 in portions other than the end regions with good strength and substantially the same intensity.
[0084]
In the surface light source 10c, the light guide plate 11 has a range of 1.5 to 3 times the height of the incident end face 12 from the incident end face 12 (for example, the height of the incident end face 12 is 0.5 to 1. In the case of 5 mm, it is preferable that the step surface 13a in the end region of about 0.7 to 9 mm from the incident end face 12) is formed as an uneven surface. Most of the high-intensity light emitted from the vicinity of the end on the side of the incident end face 12 of the light source 11 is diffused by the diffusion plate 18, and the plane area of the surface light source 10 is made close to the area of the emission area to reduce the installation space. Can be smaller.
[0085]
The light emitted from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 in a portion other than the end region of the light guide plate 11 on the incident end surface 12 side is angled with respect to the stepped surface 14 by the optical member 20 disposed on the front side of the light guide plate 11. Is refracted and refracted in the direction in which the surface light source 10 becomes smaller, and is emitted forward in the direction near the normal to the front surface of the optical member 20, that is, in the front direction of the surface light source 10.
[0086]
In other words, the surface light source 10c receives light from the incident end surface 12 and guided through the light guide plate 11 from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 in portions other than the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11. Incident on the incident end face 12 at a steep angle, and is internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear face of the light guide plate 11 is increased by the stepped surface 13a formed on the uneven surface in the end area. The light guided inside the light plate 11 is emitted, and the emitted light is refracted by the optical member 20 to emit the light (the area corresponding to a part other than the end area of the light guide plate 11 on the incident end face 12 side). From the front side.
[0087]
According to the surface light source 10c, the light from the light emitting element 17 can be emitted with a uniform intensity from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 other than the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11. In addition, it is possible to emit light having a uniform intensity distribution over the entire area from the emission area, and of the light incident on the light guide plate 11 from the incident end face 12, the front surface near the end on the incident end face 12 side Is reflected internally by the stepped surface 13a formed on the uneven surface, and the light internally reflected by the stepped surface 13a in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 is increased. The light from the light emitting element 20 is efficiently used, and the light with sufficient intensity is emitted from the light emitting element 20 because the light is emitted from the plurality of stepped surfaces 14 in a portion other than the end region by guiding the inside of the light emitting element 11. It can be emitted from the rear.
[0088]
Therefore, according to the surface light source 10c, light from the light emitting element 17 arranged on the side can be emitted to the front side as light having a uniform intensity distribution and sufficient intensity.
[0089]
The surface light source 10c shown in FIG. 7 is configured such that the stepped surface 13a in the end region of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end surface 12 is formed by a plurality of horizontally long prism portions 23 along the width direction of the light guide plate 11. The angle of inclination of one side surface of the plurality of prism portions 23 is set such that light from inside the light guide plate 12 is internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 increases. However, the stepped surface 13a in the end region of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end surface 12 forms at least a part of the light from inside the light guide plate 11 at an angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11. May be formed on the uneven surface of another shape as long as the uneven surface reflects the inner surface in the direction in which the value becomes larger.
[0090]
In the surface light source 10d shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of convex portions and concave portions along the width direction of the light guide plate 11 are alternately continuous with the step surface 13b in the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11. The other configuration is the same as the surface light source 10c shown in FIG.
[0091]
Further, the surface light source 10e shown in FIG. 9 has a diffusion layer 24 provided on a surface of the front-side reflector 16b, which is disposed in front of an end region of the light guide plate 11 on the incident end surface 12 side, facing the light guide plate 11, Leakage light emitted to the front side from the end region of the light guide plate 11 is diffused by the diffusion layer 24 and re-enters the light guide plate 11, and another configuration is shown in FIG. This is the same as the surface light source 10c.
[0092]
In the surface light source 10e, the diffusion layer 24 provided on the surface of the front reflector 16b facing the light guide plate 11 diffuses the incident light almost without absorbing it, but absorbs a part of the incident light. It may have a semi-absorbent property.
[0093]
Further, the surface light source 10f illustrated in FIG. 10 is configured such that some of the plurality of step surfaces in the end region on the incident end surface 12 side of the light guide plate 11 have at least some of the step surfaces of light from inside the light guide plate 11. A part of the light guide plate 11 is formed on an uneven surface that internally reflects in a direction in which an angle with respect to a normal line of a rear surface of the light guide plate 11 increases, and a front-side reflector 16b is disposed on a front side of a portion where the cross section is formed on the uneven surface. A diffusing unit for diffusing light emitted from the end region of the light guide plate 11 is provided on the front side of the end region of the light guide plate 11, and the other configuration is the same as that shown in FIGS. It is the same as the light source 10a.
[0094]
Note that, in the surface light source 10f, the stepped surface in the region of the light guide plate 11 on the side of the incident end surface 12 near the half of the incident end surface 12 is the same as the surface light source 10c shown in FIG. A stepped surface 12a having a saw-toothed uneven surface composed of a plurality of similar prism portions 23 is formed, and a diffusion layer serving also as the display element supporting member 5 shown in FIG. Means 25 are provided.
[0095]
That is, the surface light source 10f is configured such that, of the high-intensity light traveling from the inside of the light guide plate 11 toward the front surface of the end region on the incident end surface 12 side, part of the light is transmitted by the stepped surface 12a formed on the uneven surface. The light reflected from the inside of the light guide plate 11 in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 becomes large, and the light emitted from the other part of the end region toward the front side of the light guide plate 11 is diffused by the diffusing means 25 to diffuse the light guide plate. 11 is re-incident.
[0096]
The surface light sources 10 c, 10 d, 10 e, and 10 f shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 described above reflect the internal reflection of the light incident from the incident end surface 12 of the light guide plate 11 on the plurality of step surfaces 13. The surface light sources 10c, 10d, 10e, and 10f are also formed by total reflection at the interface between the light guide plate 11 and the light guide plate 11, as in the case of the surface light source 10b shown in FIG. A reflection film may be formed on the plurality of step surfaces 13 in portions other than the end regions, and the reflection of the inner surface on these step surfaces 13 may be performed by the reflection film.
[0097]
In each of the above-described surface light sources 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, and 10f, the reflector 16 on the rear side of the light guide plate 11 is a specular reflector, but the reflector 16 diffuses incident light. It may be a diffuse reflection plate that reflects light.
[0098]
Further, in each of the surface light sources 10, 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, 10 d, 10 e, and 10 f, a plurality of prism portions 21 are formed on the optical member 20 on the front side of the light guide plate 11 on the rear surface facing the light guide plate 11. Although a prism sheet is used, the optical member is not limited to the prism sheet, and may be any member that refracts light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces 14 of the light guide plate 11 in a direction in which the angle with respect to the step surface 14 decreases. .
[0099]
Furthermore, in each of the surface light sources 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, and 10f, the reflection plate 16 is arranged close to the rear surface of the light guide plate 1. A reflective plate may be formed on the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 by vapor deposition or plating of a metal film, and internal reflection on the rear surface of the light guide plate 11 may be performed by the reflective plate.
[0100]
Further, the surface light source of the present invention is not limited to the light source of the display device as shown in FIG. 1, but can also be used as a lighting panel or the like which emits light from the front surface.
[0101]
【The invention's effect】
The surface light source according to the present invention is such that one end surface is an incident end surface and the front surface is formed in a stepped surface, and the rear side of the light guide plate that guides light incident from the incident end surface and emits light from the plurality of step surfaces on the front surface. A light-emitting element is disposed on the side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face, and a front side of an end area of at least the height of the incident end face from the incident end face of the light guide plate. In the light guide plate, the light emitted from a plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate with respect to the portion other than at least the end region is smaller in front of the light guide plate, and the angle with respect to the step surface is smaller. Since the optical member for refracting light in a certain direction is disposed, light from the light emitting element disposed on the side can be emitted to the front side as light having a uniform intensity distribution and sufficient intensity.
[0102]
In this surface light source, it is desirable that the diffusing means provided in front of an end region on the incident end face side of the light guide plate has a characteristic of absorbing a part of incident light. By appropriately attenuating the intensity of light emitted from near the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate, to reduce the intensity of light emitted from a plurality of stepped surfaces in portions other than the end region of the light guide plate. More uniform light can be emitted with a more uniform intensity distribution.
[0103]
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a surface light source having one end surface formed as an incident end surface and a front surface formed as a stepped surface, for guiding light incident from the incident end surface and emitting the light from the plurality of step surfaces on the front surface. A reflection plate is provided on the rear side of the light plate, a light emitting element is arranged on the side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face, and an end portion of the light guide plate at least at a height equal to or higher than the height of the incident end face. A stepped surface of the region is formed on an uneven surface that internally reflects at least a part of light from inside the light guide plate in a direction in which an angle with respect to a normal to a rear surface of the light guide plate becomes larger, and on the front side of the light guide plate, Opposed to at least a portion other than the end region of the front surface of the light guide plate, an optical member that refracts light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate in a direction in which an angle with respect to the step surface decreases is arranged. Because The light from the light-emitting elements arranged laterally, the intensity distribution is uniform, yet can be emitted to the front side as light of sufficient intensity.
[0104]
In this surface light source, a stepped surface in an end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate is formed as an uneven surface formed of a plurality of horizontally long prism portions along a width direction of the light guide plate, and the plurality of prism portions are formed. It is preferable that the inclination angle of one side surface is set to an angle at which the light from inside the light guide plate is internally reflected in a direction in which the angle with respect to the normal to the rear surface of the light guide plate becomes larger. Thereby, most of the light internally reflected by the stepped surface formed on the uneven surface in the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate, a plurality of stepped surfaces in portions other than the end region of the light guide plate. In addition, the light is internally reflected by the rear surface and guided inside the light guide plate, so that the light can be efficiently emitted from the plurality of step surfaces other than the end region.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a display device provided with a surface light source according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the surface light source showing the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view showing a state in which light is emitted from the light guide plate of the surface light source according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view showing a state in which light is emitted from the surface light source according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a side view of a part of a surface light source according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a side view of a part of a surface light source showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a side view of a part of a surface light source according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a side view of a part of a surface light source showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a side view of a part of a surface light source according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a side view of a part of a surface light source according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f ... surface light source
11 Light guide plate
12: incident end face
13 ... stepped surface
14 Step surface
16 ... Reflector
17 ... Light-emitting element
18 ... Diffusion plate
19 ... Diffusion layer
20 ... Optical member
13a, 13b: step surface formed on the uneven surface
23 ... Prism part

Claims (4)

一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が複数の段面とこれらの段面をつなぐ複数の段差面とからなる階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板と、前記導光板の後側に設けられた反射板と、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて配置された発光素子と、前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域の前側に設けられ、前記導光板の前記端部領域からの出射光を拡散させる拡散手段と、前記導光板の前側に、前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて配置され、前記導光板の複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材とを備えたことを特徴とする面光源。One end face is an incident end face, and the front face is formed as a stepped surface including a plurality of step faces and a plurality of step faces connecting these step faces, and guides light incident from the incident end face to form the plurality of step faces. A light guide plate emitted from the surface, a reflector provided on the rear side of the light guide plate, a light emitting element arranged on the side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face, and from the incident end face of the light guide plate. A diffusing means provided at least in front of an end region in a range equal to or higher than the height of the incident end surface and diffusing light emitted from the end region of the light guide plate; and an end region provided in front of the light guide plate. An optical member disposed so as to face a portion other than the light guide plate and refracting light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate in a direction in which an angle with respect to the step surface becomes smaller. 導光板の端部領域の前側に設けられた拡散手段は、入射光の一部を吸収する特性を有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の面光源。The surface light source according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion means provided on the front side of the end region of the light guide plate has a characteristic of absorbing a part of incident light. 一端面が入射端面とされるとともに前面が複数の段面とこれらの段面をつなぐ複数の段差面とからなる階段状面に形成され、前記入射端面から入射した光を導いて前記複数の段差面から出射する導光板と、前記導光板の後側に設けられた反射板と、前記導光板の側方に前記入射端面に対向させて配置された発光素子とを備え、
前記導光板の入射端面から少なくとも前記入射端面の高さ以上の範囲の端部領域内の前記段面が、前記導光板内からの光の少なくとも一部を前記導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる凹凸面に形成されるとともに、
前記導光板の前側に、前記端部領域以外の部分に対向させて、前記導光板の前記複数の段差面から出射した光を前記段差面に対する角度が小さくなる方向に屈折させる光学部材が配置されていることを特徴とする面光源。
One end face is an incident end face, and the front face is formed as a stepped surface including a plurality of step faces and a plurality of step faces connecting these step faces, and guides light incident from the incident end face to form the plurality of step faces. A light guide plate that emits light from a surface, a reflector provided on the rear side of the light guide plate, and a light emitting element disposed on a side of the light guide plate so as to face the incident end face,
The stepped surface in an end region at least equal to or higher than the height of the incident end face from the incident end face of the light guide plate is configured to convert at least a part of light from inside the light guide plate with respect to a normal to a rear surface of the light guide plate. Is formed on the uneven surface that reflects the inner surface in the direction in which
On the front side of the light guide plate, an optical member is disposed to face a portion other than the end region, and refracts light emitted from the plurality of step surfaces of the light guide plate in a direction in which an angle with respect to the step surface decreases. A surface light source characterized in that:
導光板の入射端面側の端部領域内の段面は、前記導光板の幅方向に沿った横長の複数のプリズム部からなる凹凸面に形成され、前記複数のプリズム部の一方の側面の傾斜角が、前記導光板内からの光を前記導光板の後面の法線に対する角度が大きくなる方向に内面反射させる角度に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の面光源。The step surface in the end region on the incident end surface side of the light guide plate is formed as an uneven surface composed of a plurality of horizontally long prism portions along the width direction of the light guide plate, and the slope of one side surface of the plurality of prism portions is formed. The surface light source according to claim 3, wherein the angle is set to an angle at which light from inside the light guide plate is internally reflected in a direction in which an angle with respect to a normal to a rear surface of the light guide plate increases.
JP2002279687A 2002-09-25 2002-09-25 Surface light source Pending JP2004119143A (en)

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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009072752A3 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-07-23 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Backlight unit and flat panel display having the backlight unit
WO2011077864A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-30 シャープ株式会社 Illumination device, display device, and television receiver
JP2013084465A (en) * 2011-10-11 2013-05-09 Ricoh Co Ltd Document lighting unit, document reading device, and image forming device
JPWO2012164696A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2014-07-31 興和株式会社 Lighting device
JP2015109261A (en) * 2013-09-30 2015-06-11 コンチネンタル オートモーティブ システムズ インコーポレイテッドContinental Automotive Systems, Inc. Lighting assembly for display illumination
JP2015154120A (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-24 三菱電機株式会社 Lighting device and image sensor using the same
CN108153059A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-06-12 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 Backlight module, display device and electronic equipment
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009072752A3 (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-07-23 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Backlight unit and flat panel display having the backlight unit
WO2011077864A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-30 シャープ株式会社 Illumination device, display device, and television receiver
JPWO2012164696A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2014-07-31 興和株式会社 Lighting device
JP2013084465A (en) * 2011-10-11 2013-05-09 Ricoh Co Ltd Document lighting unit, document reading device, and image forming device
JP2015109261A (en) * 2013-09-30 2015-06-11 コンチネンタル オートモーティブ システムズ インコーポレイテッドContinental Automotive Systems, Inc. Lighting assembly for display illumination
US10101519B2 (en) 2013-09-30 2018-10-16 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Lighting assembly for display illumination
JP2015154120A (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-24 三菱電機株式会社 Lighting device and image sensor using the same
JP2020074297A (en) * 2014-04-01 2020-05-14 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Asymmetric conversion film with multiple light sources
JP7023269B2 (en) 2014-04-01 2022-02-21 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Asymmetric turning film with multiple light sources
CN108153059A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-06-12 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 Backlight module, display device and electronic equipment
CN108153059B (en) * 2018-02-01 2023-08-04 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Backlight module, display device and electronic equipment

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