JP2004091271A - Transparent or translucent ceramics and production method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transparent or translucent ceramics bulk body having a crystal structure of three or more phases by a simple method excellent in formability, and to provide the transparent or translucent amorphous ceramics bulk body from a composition which has not been considered to form amorphous glass heretofore. <P>SOLUTION: (1) One or more kinds selected from zirconia, hafnia and ceria and/or the precursors thereof, (2) one or more kinds selected from alumina and gallium oxide and/or the precursors thereof, and (3) a Perovskite type compound oxide and/or the precursor thereof are blended in compositional ranges at an eutectic point or the vicinity thereof. The resultant blend is heated at a fusing temperature or higher thereof, and is fused. Next, cooling is performed so as to obtain the transparent or translucent polyphase crystalline ceramics. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a transparent or translucent ceramic and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to obtain a transparent or translucent ceramic bulk body, the ceramic must be uniform and have a crystal grain size such that light in the visible light wavelength range (0.4 to 0.7 μm) is not scattered. It costs. Therefore, amorphous glass is generally used as transparent or translucent ceramics, but it is well known that its composition is limited. For example, what can be vitrified (amorphized) by cooling the melt is limited to some compositions including glass-forming components such as B ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , P ₂ O ₅ , and GeO ₂ .
[0003]
However, the so-called ultra-quenching method has increased the composition that can be vitrified even if it cannot be normally vitrified, but is limited to a shape having a thickness of 0.2 mm or less in the ultra-quenching method due to restrictions on the practical conditions.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a crystalline material, a polycrystalline alumina (trade name: Lucalox) developed by General Electric is well known as a translucent material, and thereafter, some further transparent or translucent oxide-based sintered materials are used. Are known.
[0005]
In other words, the majority of crystalline transparent or translucent ceramics is carefully controlled by a precise sintering method of fine powder, so that the growth of ceramic grains at the time of high-temperature sintering is controlled to a uniform size of several μm to several tens μm. An object can be obtained only as a dense sintered body composed of particles. In addition, at this time, it is necessary to densify so that pores do not remain. However, since it is often difficult to completely densify the powder by sintering, transparent or translucent ceramics that have been realized to date have been used. There are not many types of bulk bodies. When the number of phases constituting such a ceramic body becomes plural, it is difficult to achieve such densification, so that the realization thereof becomes more difficult.
[0006]
Furthermore, the sol-gel method is also used to obtain a transparent or translucent ceramic bulk body. For example, a alkoxide solution or the like of a target component is hydrolyzed, and the resulting sol is polymerized and gelled, and then is heated at a relatively low temperature. Generally, heat treatment is performed at (several hundred degrees Celsius). However, although this sol-gel method has the advantage of lowering the temperature required for sintering, there are limitations on the components that can be applied, and there is also a problem that cracks are likely to occur during drying and heating of the bulk gel body, It is not used as much as the sintering method described above.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to obtain a transparent or translucent ceramic bulk having a three-phase or more crystal structure by a simple and excellent moldability method. A further object of the present invention is to obtain a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic bulk body from a composition which was not considered to produce an amorphous glass.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to (1) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and / or a precursor thereof, (2) one or more of alumina and gallium oxide, and / or a precursor thereof, and (3) a perovskite-type composite oxidation. And / or a precursor thereof are blended in a composition range at or near the eutectic point, and the resulting blend is melted at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature, and then a transparent or translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic is obtained. Producing a transparent or translucent multi-phase crystalline ceramic by cooling as described above;
(1) Transparent or translucent ceramics containing at least one kind of zirconia and / or hafnia and ceria, (2) at least one kind of alumina and gallium oxide, and (3) polyphase crystals of perovskite-type composite oxide. ;
(I) at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and / or a precursor thereof, (II) at least one of alumina and gallium oxide, and / or a precursor thereof, and (III) a general formula R ₂ O ₃ ( R represents a rare-earth element and a rare-earth oxide and / or a precursor thereof in the composition range of or near the eutectic point in the entire composition (in terms of one or more components of zirconia, hafnia and ceria) ) Is at least 5 mol%, the component (I) + (III) (at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria and R ₂ O ₃ equivalent) is at least 20 mol%, and (II) (at least one of alumina and gallium oxide). The components are blended in a proportion of 75 mol% or less, and the resulting blend is melted at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature. A method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic, which is quenched to obtain a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic so as to obtain a mix; and (I) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, (II) at least one of alumina and gallium oxide, and (III) a rare earth oxide represented by the general formula R ₂ O ₃ (R represents a rare earth element), wherein the component (I) in the total composition is 5 mol% The gist of the present invention is a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic containing the component (I) + (III) at a ratio of 20 mol% or more and the component (II) at a ratio of 80 mol% or less.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
First, the transparent or translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic of the present invention will be described. In this production method, (1) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and / or a precursor thereof, (2) one or more of alumina and gallium oxide, and / or a precursor thereof, and (3) a perovskite type The composite oxide and / or its precursor is blended in a composition range at or near the eutectic point. The precursor is not particularly limited as long as it forms the target oxide by heating and melting, and the by-product generated is removed during heating. These oxides or precursors need not be powders, but may be bulk materials, slurries, solutions, or the like. The resulting blend is heated and melted to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature, and then cooled to obtain a transparent or translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic, thereby obtaining a transparent or translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic. .
[0010]
The perovskite-type composite oxide of (3) has the general formula ABO ₃ or a solid solution thereof, wherein A and B are metals, and when the valence of A is +1, +2 or +3, the valence of B Is +5, +4 or +3. A includes monovalent; Cs, K, Na, divalent; Ba, Sr, Ca, Cd, Pb, trivalent; La, Nd, Gd, Eu, Y, and the like; Val; Ta, Nb, Mo, W, Re, tetravalent; Ti, Sn, Zr, Hf, trivalent; Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, V, and the like. Preferably, in the general formula ABO ₃ , A is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, Au, Cu or Pb, and B is Al, Ga, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Mn, Fe , Nb, Ta, Re, Mo, W, In, Rh, Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn or Ce. The more specific, for example _{GdAlO 3, KNbO 3, BaTiO 3} , PbZrO 3, BaHfO 3, YAlO 3, LaAlO 3, YGaO 3, LaGaO 3, BaZrO 3, SrTiO 3 or LaMnO _3, and the like. These can also select two or more suitably.
[0011]
As the alumina, α-alumina is preferable. The zirconia, hafnia or ceria of (1) is usually used alternatively, but can be used in combination. These components (1) to (3) are blended in the composition range of or near the eutectic point, that is, within 10 mol%, preferably within 5 mol%, more preferably within 2 mol%. You. By selecting the eutectic point or its vicinity, it is considered that three or more types of crystal nuclei and grain growth interfere with each other to cause a delay. The eutectic point can be found from these ternary phase diagrams. Even if it is a quaternary system or more, it can be determined based on a basic ternary system. Although the eutectic point varies depending on the above composition, it is usually 1000 ° C. or more, and more preferably 1200 ° C. or more. The selection of the above components can be determined according to the intended use of the obtained transparent or translucent ceramic. Furthermore, it can be appropriately added depending on the purpose, as long as the ceramics from which the components other than (1) to (3) are obtained do not lose transparency or translucency. For example, for example, silicic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, germanium oxide and the like can be mentioned.
[0012]
In the present invention, "transparent" means a state in which a light beam travels straight when light propagates through the same as ordinary glass, and an object can be clearly seen through ceramics. On the other hand, the term "translucent" means a state in which a light beam is diffused by scattering, refraction, diffraction, or the like when light propagates through it, as in frosted glass.
[0013]
Suitable formulation examples of the components of the present invention (1) to (3), for example _{Al 2 O 3 -Gd 2 O 3} -HfO 2, Al 2 O 3 -Gd 2 O 3 -ZrO 2, Al 2 O _{3 -La 2 O 3 -HfO 2,} Al 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 -ZrO 2, Al 2 O 3 -Gd 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 -HfO 2, Al 2 O 3 -Gd 2 O 3 —La ₂ O ₃ —ZrO _{2 and the} like, and the molar% ratio is selected from, for example, about 50 to 70:10 to 30:10 or 60 to 70: 5 to 15: 5 to 15:10 to about 30. . In order to obtain ceramics with further excellent transparency, for example, Al ₂ O ₃ —Y ₂ O ₃ —HfO ₂ is preferably about 65:16:19 mol%. The resulting blend is heated and melted at a temperature above the melting temperature to form a melt. Melting conditions are not particularly limited.
[0014]
The melt is then cooled to produce a polycrystalline transparent or translucent ceramic. The cooling is not particularly limited as long as a multi-phase crystalline transparent or translucent ceramic is obtained, but rapid cooling is preferable because abnormal growth of crystal grains is easily suppressed. For example, air cooling, water cooling, or the like can be used, so-called ultra-rapid cooling is unnecessary, and the atmosphere, speed, and the like are not limited. The resulting multi-phase crystalline transparent or translucent ceramic is (1) at least one of zirconia and / or hafnia and ceria, (2) at least one of alumina and gallium oxide, and (3) perovskite-type composite oxide. Transparent or translucent ceramics containing the multiphase crystal of the above, and the crystal grains are preferably nano-sized, and for example, those having a crystal grain size of about 50 nm or less can be easily obtained.
[0015]
In the present invention, since the molding by casting, pressing or extrusion can be performed during the cooling of the melt, the degree of freedom of molding is remarkably large, and a complicated shape can be molded in a short time.
[0016]
Next, the transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic of the present invention will be described. In this production method, (I) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and / or a precursor thereof, (II) one or more of alumina and gallium oxide, and / or a precursor thereof, and (III) A rare earth oxide represented by the formula R ₂ O ₃ (R represents a rare earth element) and / or a precursor thereof is used as a component (I) (zirconia, At least 5 mol% of at least one of hafnia and ceria, at least 20 mol% of (I) + (III) component (at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria and R ₂ O ₃ ), and (II) A component (in terms of one or more of alumina and gallium oxide) is blended at a ratio of 75 mol% or less in a composition range at or near the eutectic point. The selection of the eutectic point or its vicinity is considered to contribute to causing a delay because three or more types of crystal nucleation and grain growth interfere with each other and solidify in a disordered state by ordinary quenching. . The mixing ratio is preferably such that the component (I) (in terms of one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria) in the entire composition is 5 mol% or more, and the component (I) + (III) is one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria. And R ₂ O ₃ conversion) is 25 mol% or more, and the component (II) (at least one of alumina and gallium oxide) is 75 mol% or less, and is blended in a composition range at or near the eutectic point. . More preferably, the component (I) (in terms of one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria) in the entire composition is 10 mol% or more, and the component (I) + (III) (one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and R ₂ O ₃ equivalent) 30 mol% or more, and (II) (in a proportion of one or more terms) components of alumina and gallium oxide is not more than 70 mol%, formulated in a composition range of the eutectic point or in the vicinity thereof Is done. As R of (III), R is at least one rare earth element selected from Gd, Y, La, Er, Nd, Sc, Ce, Pr, Yb, Lu, Tb, Eu, Tm, Ho, Dy and Sm. Is preferred. The precursor is not particularly limited as long as it forms a target oxide by heating and melting. These oxides or precursors need not be powders, but may be bulk materials, slurries, solutions, or the like. The resulting blend is melted at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature and then quenched to obtain a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic to obtain a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic.
[0017]
Α-Alumina is preferred as the alumina of (II). The zirconia, hafnia or ceria of (I) is usually used alternatively, but can be used in combination. These components (I) to (III) are blended in the composition range of or near the eutectic point, that is, within 10 mol%, preferably within 5 mol%, more preferably within 2 mol%. You. The eutectic point can be found from these ternary phase diagrams. Even if it is a quaternary system or more, it can be determined based on a basic ternary system. Although the eutectic point varies depending on the above composition, it is usually 1000 ° C. or more, and more preferably 1200 ° C. or more. The selection of the above components can be determined according to the intended use of the obtained transparent or translucent ceramic. Furthermore, as long as the transparency or translucency of the ceramic from which components other than (I) to (III) are obtained is not lost, it can be appropriately added according to the purpose. For example, silicic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, germanium oxide and the like can be mentioned.
[0018]
Preferable examples of the components (I) to (III) in the present invention include, for example, Al ₂ O ₃ —Gd ₂ O ₃ —HfO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ —Gd ₂ O ₃ —ZrO ₂ , Al ₂ O _{3 -La 2 O 3 -HfO 2,} Al 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 -ZrO 2, Al 2 O 3 -Gd 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 -HfO 2, Al 2 O 3 -Gd 2 O 3 —La ₂ O ₃ —ZrO _{2 and the} like, and the molar percentage thereof is selected from, for example, about 60 to 70:10 to 20:10 to 20 or about 60 to 70: 5 to 10: 5 to 10:10 to 20. . In order to obtain an amorphous ceramic having particularly excellent transparency, for example, in the case of Al ₂ O ₃ —Gd ₂ O ₃ —HfO ₂ , 63:23:14 is preferable. The resulting blend is heated and melted at a temperature above the melting temperature to form a melt. Melting conditions are not particularly limited.
[0019]
Next, the melt is cooled so as to obtain a multi-phase amorphous transparent or light-transmitting ceramic, thereby obtaining a multi-phase amorphous transparent or light-transmitting ceramic. The cooling is not particularly limited as long as a multi-phase amorphous transparent or translucent ceramic is obtained, but rapid cooling is necessary so that crystal grains do not precipitate. For example, air cooling, water cooling, or the like can be used, so-called ultra-rapid cooling is unnecessary, and the atmosphere, speed, and the like are not limited. The resulting multi-phase amorphous transparent or translucent ceramic comprises (I) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, (II) one or more of alumina and gallium oxide, and (III) a general formula R ₂ O ₃ (R represents a rare earth element), the component (I) in the total composition is at least 5 mol%, the component (I) + (III) is at least 20 mol%, and the component (II) is at least 80 mol%. It is a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic which is contained at a ratio of not more than mol%. Here, R is one or more rare earth elements in which R is selected from Gd, Y, La, Er, Nd, Sc, Ce, Pr, Yb, Lu, Tb, Eu, Tm, Ho, Dy and Sm. Preferably, the component (I) is at least 5 mol%, the component (I) + (III) is at least 25 mol%, and the component (II) is at most 75 mol% in the total composition. Component (I) is at least 10 mol%, component (I) + (III) is at least 30 mol%, and component (II) is at most 70 mol%.
[0020]
In the present invention, since the molding by casting, pressing or extrusion can be performed during the cooling of the melt, the degree of freedom of molding is remarkably large, and a complicated shape can be molded in a short time.
[0021]
The multi-phase crystalline or amorphous transparent or translucent ceramic obtained by the present invention is used for various uses such as optical materials, electro-optical materials, electronic materials, coating materials, and structural materials, depending on its composition. Can.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples unless it exceeds the gist.
Example 1
The Al ₂ O ₃ powder, the Y ₂ O ₃ powder and the HfO ₂ powder were mixed at a predetermined molar ratio (65:16:19). This prepared powder was placed in a mortar, ethanol was added occasionally, and mixed well for about 1 hour by a wet method and a dry method. This mixed powder was sufficiently dried, then put into a rubber tube, and solidified into a rod shape by a CIP (cold isostatic press machine). Next, the CIP-formed sample was calcined at 1200 ° C., and then crushed into a size of about 3 to 5 mm square to obtain a sample before melting.
[0023]
The sample before melting was heated to 2000 ° C. and melted using an arc image furnace, and the melt was rapidly cooled and solidified by rapidly blocking image light. Thus, a translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic having a sphere (diameter of 3 to 5 mm) was obtained. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 2
A 1 mm thick copper plate having a hole of 8 mm in diameter was placed on a copper stage of an arc image furnace, and the molten solidified product obtained in Example 1 was placed in the hole. The melt was then melted again using an arc image furnace and the melt was beaten with a copper hammer anvil from above. Then, the solidified body solidified in a manner to close the hole of the copper plate having a thickness of 1 mm. This solidified body also had a light-transmitting property.
Example 3
A translucent multi-phase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture molar ratio was set to 60:16:24. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 4
In Example 1, a translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture molar ratio was 60:21:19. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 5
A translucent multi-phase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture molar ratio was 55:21:24 in Example 1. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 6
Al ₂ O ₃ powder, Y ₂ O ₃ powder, and ZrO ₂ powder were mixed at a mixing molar ratio of 60:16:24 to obtain a translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic in the same manner as in Example 1. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 7
A translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing molar ratio was 55:16:29 in Example 6. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 8
In Example 6, a translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture molar ratio was 55:21:24. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 9
In Example 6, a translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture molar ratio was 55:18:27. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 10
In Example 6, a translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture molar ratio was 53:18:29. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 11
In Example 6, a translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture molar ratio was 57:18:25. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 12
In Example 6, a translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture molar ratio was 57:16:27. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 13
In Example 6, a translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing molar ratio was 60:18:22. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 14
In Example 6, a translucent multiphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture molar ratio was 60:21:19. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 15
Al ₂ O ₃ powder, Y ₂ O ₃ , ZrO ₂ powder, and HfO ₂ powder were mixed at a mixing molar ratio of 63: 15: 17: 5, and a translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Got. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped polyphase crystalline ceramic could be processed.
Example 16
Al ₂ O ₃ powder, Gd ₂ O ₃ powder and HfO ₂ powder were mixed at a mixing molar ratio of 63:23:14, and a transparent amorphous ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped amorphous ceramic could be processed. The visible light transmittance of this amorphous ceramic (diameter 5 mm, thickness 1 mm) was about 85%.
Example 17
Al ₂ O ₃ powder, Gd ₂ O ₃ powder and ZrO ₂ powder were mixed at a mixing molar ratio of 63:23:14, and a translucent amorphous ceramic was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. By cutting the upper and lower portions, a disk-shaped amorphous ceramic could be processed.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a transparent or translucent ceramic bulk having three phases or more crystal structures can be obtained by a simple and excellent moldability method. Further, according to the present invention, a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramic bulk body can be obtained from a composition which was not considered to produce an amorphous glass.

Claims (21)

(1) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and / or a precursor thereof (2) one or more of alumina and gallium oxide, and / or a precursor thereof, and (3) a perovskite-type composite oxide and / or The precursor is blended in the composition range at or near the eutectic point, and the resulting blend is heated and melted at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature, and then a transparent or translucent polyphase crystalline ceramic is obtained. A method for producing a transparent or light-transmitting ceramic, characterized by obtaining a transparent or light-transmitting multiphase crystalline ceramic by cooling. A perovskite-type composite oxide is represented by the general formula ABO ₃ (where A and B are metals, and when A has a valence of +1, +2 or +3, the valence of B is +5, +4 or +3) and the like. The method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises a solid solution. In the general formula ABO ₃ , A is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, Au, Cu or Pb, and B is Al, Ga, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Mn, Fe, Nb, Ta. 3. The method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 2, wherein the ceramic is selected from the group consisting of Re, Mo, W, In, Rh, Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn and Ce. Perovskite-type composite _{oxide, GdAlO 3, KNbO 3, BaTiO} 3, PbZrO 3, BaHfO 3, YAlO 3, LaAlO 3, YGaO 3, LaGaO 3, BaZrO 3, claims 1 to 3 selected from SrTiO ₃ and LaMnO ₃ The method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic according to any one of the above. The method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the eutectic point is 1000 ° C. or higher. The method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 5, wherein the eutectic point is 1200 ° C or higher. The method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cooling is quenching such that nano-sized crystal grains are precipitated. A transparent or translucent ceramic containing (1) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, (2) one or more of alumina and gallium oxide, and (3) a polyphase crystal of a perovskite-type composite oxide. A perovskite-type composite oxide is represented by the general formula ABO ₃ (where A and B are metals, and when A has a valence of +1, +2 or +3, the valence of B is +5, +4 or +3) and the like. 9. The transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 8, which has a solid solution. In the general formula ABO ₃ , A is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, Au, Cu or Pb, and B is Al, Ga, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Mn, Fe, Nb, Ta. 10. The transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 9, which is selected from the group consisting of, Re, Mo, W, In, Rh, Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn and Ce. Perovskite-type composite _{oxide, GdAlO 3, KNbO 3, BaTiO} 3, PbZrO 3, BaHfO 3, YAlO 3, LaAlO 3, YGaO 3, LaGaO 3, BaZrO 3, SrTiO 3 or 10 from claim 8 selected from LaMnO ₃ The transparent or translucent ceramic according to any one of the above. The transparent or translucent ceramic according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the crystal grains are nano-sized. (I) at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and / or a precursor thereof, (II) at least one of alumina and gallium oxide, and / or a precursor thereof, and (III) a general formula R ₂ O ₃ ( R represents a rare earth element) and a rare earth oxide and / or a precursor thereof, wherein the component (I) (in terms of at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria) in the total composition is 5 mol% or more, and (I) + Component (III) (at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria and R ₂ O ₃ equivalent) of 20 mol% or more, and component (II) (at least one of alumina and gallium oxide) of 75 mol% or less At a eutectic point or a composition range near the eutectic point, melt the resulting mixture at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting temperature, and then form a transparent or translucent amorphous And quenched so that the mix is obtained, the production method of the transparent or translucent ceramic, characterized in that to obtain a transparent or translucent amorphous ceramics. The transparent material according to claim 13, wherein R is one or more rare earth elements selected from Gd, Y, La, Er, Nd, Sc, Ce, Pr, Yb, Lu, Tb, Eu, Tm, Ho, Dy, and Sm. Or a method of manufacturing a translucent ceramic. In the entire composition, the component (I) (in terms of one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria) is 5 mol% or more, and the component (I) + (III) (in terms of at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria and R ₂ O ₃ ). The transparent or translucent ceramics production method according to claim 13, wherein the content of (II) (in terms of at least one of alumina and gallium oxide) is 75 mol% or less. Component (I) (in terms of one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria) in all compositions is 10 mol% or more, and component (I) + (III) (in terms of at least one of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, and R ₂ O ₃₎ ) Is 30 mol% or more, and the component (II) (in terms of at least one of alumina and gallium oxide) is 70 mol% or less. The method for producing a transparent or translucent ceramic according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the eutectic point is 1000 ° C or higher. (I) one or more of zirconia, hafnia and ceria, (II) one or more of alumina and gallium oxide, and (III) a rare earth oxide represented by the general formula R ₂ O ₃ (R represents a rare earth element), Is a transparent or translucent composition containing at least 5 mol% of the component (I), at least 20 mol% of the (I) + (III) component, and at most 80 mol% of the (II) component in the total composition. Amorphous ceramics. 19. The transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 18, wherein R is at least one rare earth element selected from Gd, Y, La, Er, Nd, Sc, Ce, Pr, Yb, Lu, Tb and Sm. 19. The transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 18, wherein the component (I) in the entire composition is 5 mol% or more, the component (I) + (III) component is 25 mol% or more, and the component (II) is 75 mol% or less. . 19. The transparent or translucent ceramic according to claim 18, wherein the component (I) is at least 10 mol%, the component (I) + (III) is at least 30 mol%, and the component (II) is at most 70 mol%. .