JP2004054881A - Design support device for human body wearing article - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a design support device capable of measuring force applied to legs, hands or arms during movement such as walking or running while a person wears a human body wearing article such as shoes. <P>SOLUTION: The design support device for the human body wearing article uses a finite element method, and it supports design of the human body wearing article by calculating stress applied to each part of an upper limb or a lower limb when a predetermined movement is carried out by wearing the human body wearing article in the upper limb or the lower limb. The design support device is provided with an input device 1, an arithmetic part 2, a display device 3, and a storage 4. The arithmetic part 2 calculates the stress by using a lower limb finite element model or an upper limb finite element model, and a human body wearing article finite element model. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a design support device used for designing a human body-worn article to be mounted on a human body such as shoes or gloves using a finite element method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when designing shoes, for example, a foot skeleton is modeled and used as an analysis model. As an example of this foot skeleton analysis model, including the skeletal elements of the feet and the joint elements connecting them, the skeletal elements are made rigid, and the scaphoid, cubic, and medial, middle, and outer sides that constitute the central part of the tarsus There is an example in which a cuneiform bone is integrated, and is composed of a total of eight elements of a calcaneus, a talus, a mid-tarsal part, and first to fifth metatarsal bones.
[0003]
A technique for simulating and analyzing the behavior of a human body using a human body model on a computer is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-2002-149719.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2002-149719 A
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When a person walks or runs while wearing shoes, for example, an excessive load is applied around the metatarsophalangeal joint of the first and second fingers, and if walking or running for a long time continues, one of the causes of fatigue fractures It may be. In addition, pain in the feet can cause physical and mental stress without directly leading to disability.
[0006]
Therefore, it is desired to measure the force generated in the foot bone when a person walks or runs. However, since the above-mentioned conventional foot skeleton analysis model is created by considerably simplifying the actual foot skeleton, the force generated in the foot bones and joints when a person actually walks or runs is measured. It is difficult. Further, it is impossible to measure a force generated in a muscle, a tendon, or the like.
[0007]
Also, in the human body model described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-149719, modeling of a part of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and ligaments necessary for performing an active motion such as walking or running is omitted. However, it is difficult to reproduce active operation. Therefore, it is difficult to calculate a force acting on a muscle, a tendon, a ligament, a ligament, or the like during the active operation with high accuracy.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention calculates the stress and the like generated in the lower limb and upper limb when a person wears a human body wearing article such as shoes or gloves and performs active actions such as walking, running, and catching a ball with high accuracy. It is an object of the present invention to provide a design support apparatus capable of performing the above.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The human body wearing article design support device according to the present invention uses a finite element method, and calculates the stress applied to the upper limb or lower limb when the human body wearing article is mounted on the upper limb or lower limb of the human body and performs an operation. A design support device that supports the design of an article, using a lower limb finite element model that models a lower limb or an upper limb finite element model that models an upper limb, and a human body wearing article finite element model that models a human body wearing article. And a calculating unit for calculating the stress.
[0010]
The lower limb finite element model and the upper limb finite element model of the present invention reproduce the lower limb and the upper limb much more accurately than the conventional example. , Tendon elements, ligament elements, soft tissue elements, and the like. By calculating the stress using the lower limb finite element model or the upper limb finite element model and the human body wearing article finite element model, the stress applied to each part of the lower limb or the upper limb is calculated much more accurately than the conventional example. be able to.
[0011]
The lower limb finite element model is preferably a tarsal bone element, a metatarsal element, a seed bone element, a phalange element, a fibula element, a tibia element, a patella element, a femur element, and a pelvis element. , A joint element, a muscle element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0012]
When performing the heel collision analysis of the lower limb, the lower limb finite element model includes four tarsal bone elements, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, Preferably, it includes a patella element, a femoral element, a pelvic element, a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0013]
When performing stability analysis of the lower limb, the lower limb finite element model includes one tarsal bone element, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, Preferably, it includes a patella element, a femoral element, a pelvic element, a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0014]
When performing the lower limb flexibility analysis, the lower limb finite element model includes two tarsal bone elements, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, Preferably, it includes a patella element, a femoral element, a pelvic element, a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0015]
When performing an analysis of continuous active movement such as walking or running, the lower limb finite element model includes seven tarsal bone elements, five metatarsal bone elements, 14 phalange elements, Preferably, it includes a fibula component, a tibial component, a patella component, a femoral component, a pelvic component, a joint component, a muscular component, a tendon component, a brace component, and a soft tissue component.
[0016]
The upper limb finite element model includes a carpal element, a metacarpal element, a seed bone element, a phalange element, an ulna element, a radial element, a humeral element, a joint element, a muscle element, and a soft tissue. It is preferable to include the element.
[0017]
When performing a ball-catching motion analysis, the upper limb finite element model includes one carpal bone element, five metacarpal bone elements, 14 phalange elements, an ulnar element, a radial element, It preferably includes a humeral element, a joint element, a muscular element, and a soft tissue element. More preferably, the upper limb finite element model includes eight carpal elements, five metacarpal elements, fourteen phalange elements, an ulnar element, a radial element, a humeral element, and a joint element. , Muscle elements, and soft tissue elements.
[0018]
It is preferable that the lower limb finite element model and the upper limb finite element model include a skeletal element, and the skeletal element be constituted by an 8-node solid element. Further, the lower limb finite element model and the upper limb finite element model include a muscle element, a tendon element and a brace element, and it is preferable that the muscle element, the tendon element and the brace element are configured by a shell element or a beam element. At this time, it is preferable that the shell element is made of an anisotropic material and the beam element is made of an isotropic material.
[0019]
The human body wearing article finite element model includes a shoe model, and the lower limb finite element model includes a soft tissue element. In this case, it is preferable to arrange soft tissue elements at a plurality of nodes between the lower limb finite element model and the shoe model. The soft tissue element includes, for example, a heel soft tissue element and a forefoot soft tissue element. Preferably, the number of divisions of the heel soft tissue element is 2 or more and 17 or less, and the number of divisions of the forefoot soft tissue element is 2 or more and 5 or less.
[0020]
It is preferable that the human body wearing article finite element model is composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of an 8-node solid element, a 4-node solid element, and a 3-node shell element.
[0021]
Preferably, the lower limb finite element model and the upper limb finite element model include a joint element, and the joint element is formed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of a solid element, a shell element, and a beam element. When the joint element is constituted by a solid element, it is preferable that the number of divisions of the joint element be 3 or more and 5 or less.
[0022]
The lower limb finite element model includes a metatarsal element, a phalange element, and a metatarsophalangeal joint element that connects the metatarsal element and the phalange element. In this case, it is preferable that the metatarsophalangeal joint element is constituted by a beam element, and the beam element is disposed near the center of the joint surface between the metatarsal element and the phalange element.
[0023]
The lower limb finite element model may include a long peroneus muscle element, a short peroneus muscle element, a flexor pollicis longus element, a long flexor flexor element, a posterior tibialis muscle element, and an Achilles tendon element, It may include a tibialis anterior element, a extensor digitor extensor element, and a extensor pollicis longus element, and a long peroneus muscular element, a short peroneus muscular element, a long finger extensor element, and a third extensor element. It may include a peroneal muscle element, or may include a tibialis posterior element, a flexor pollicis longus element, a flexor longis flexor element, a tibialis anterior muscle element, and an Achilles tendon element.
[0024]
The upper limb finite element model may include a superficial finger flexor muscle element, a deep finger flexor muscle element, and a long thumb flexor muscle element.
[0025]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The human body wearing article design support apparatus according to the present embodiment uses a finite element method, and sports shoes such as baseball, golf, and soccer, walking shoes, baseball or softball gloves, batting gloves, golf gloves, and the like. The design of a human-worn article is supported by calculating the stress applied to each part of the human body when the user wears the human-worn article.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 1, the design support device of the present embodiment includes an input device 1 such as a keyboard, an operation unit 2 including a computer or the like, a display device 3, and a storage device 4.
[0027]
The input device 1 is connected to the operation unit 2 and inputs conditions necessary for analysis to the operation unit. The calculation unit 2 creates a lower limb finite element model or an upper limb finite element model and a human body wearing article finite element model, assembles the model, and performs stress analysis according to a predetermined program based on various conditions and data input. Execute the analysis and output the analysis result. The display device 3 is connected to the calculation unit 2 and displays an analysis result by the calculation unit 2. The storage device 4 is connected to the arithmetic unit 2 and stores data necessary for analysis.
[0028]
An important feature of the present embodiment is that various analyzes are performed using a lower limb finite element model or an upper limb finite element model and a human body wearing article finite element model.
[0029]
The lower limb finite element model according to the present embodiment includes, as skeleton elements, a tarsal bone element, a metatarsal bone element, a seed bone element, a phalangeal element, a fibula element, a tibia element, a patella element, and a femur. Element, a pelvic element, and further include a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0030]
When performing the heel collision analysis of the lower limb, the lower limb finite element model includes four tarsal bone elements, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, Preferably, it includes a patella element, a femoral element, a pelvic element, a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0031]
When performing stability analysis of the lower limb, the lower limb finite element model includes one tarsal bone element, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, Preferably, it includes a patella element, a femoral element, a pelvic element, a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0032]
When performing the lower limb flexibility analysis, the lower limb finite element model includes two tarsal bone elements, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, Preferably, it includes a patella element, a femoral element, a pelvic element, a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element.
[0033]
When analyzing continuous active movements such as walking and running, the lower limb finite element model consists of seven tarsal bone elements (talar, calcaneal, scaphoidal, cubic, 3 Wedge-shaped elements), metatarsal elements (5 metatarsal elements), seed bone elements, phalangeal elements (5 proximal phalanx elements, 4 metatarsal elements, 5 Distal bone elements), a total of 27 bone elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, a patella element, a femur element, a pelvic element, a joint element, a muscle element, a tendon element, a brace element, And a soft tissue element.
[0034]
Using the lower limb finite element model to reproduce active movements such as walking and running, the plantar flexion of bending the toes, the dorsiflexion of bending the feet, the pronation movement of the feet inward, It is necessary to reproduce the supination motion tilting outward. Plantar flexion can be performed using the triceps surae, peroneus longus, short peroneus, flexor pollicis longus, long flexor flexor, posterior tibialis, and dorsiflexion can be performed using the anterior tibialis, long finger extension. Muscles, extensor pollicis longus, pronation can be performed using the peroneus longus, short peroneus, extensor longus, third peroneus, supination Can be performed using the triceps surae, the tibialis posterior, the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor longis longus, or the tibialis anterior.
[0035]
Therefore, by adding the following muscle elements to the lower limb finite element model, each of the above operations can be reproduced. For example, when reproducing plantar flexion motion, a lower limb finite element model includes a long peroneus muscle element, a short peroneus muscle element, a long flexor thumb element, a long finger flexor element, a tibialis posterior muscle element, and an Achilles tendon element. What is necessary is just to add. When reproducing the dorsiflexion motion, anterior tibial muscle element, extensor long finger element, and extensor long thumb element may be added to the lower limb finite element model. When reproducing the pronation motion, a long peroneus muscle element, a short peroneus muscle element, a long finger extensor element, and a third peroneus muscle element may be added to the lower limb finite element model. When reproducing the supination operation, the posterior tibial muscle element, the flexor pollicis longus element, the flexor longis longus element, the tibialis anterior muscle element, and the Achilles tendon element may be added.
[0036]
On the other hand, the upper limb finite element model of the present embodiment includes a carpal element, a metacarpal element, a seed bone element, a phalange element, an ulna element, a radial element, a humeral element, and a joint element. , A muscle element and a soft tissue element.
[0037]
When performing a ball-catching motion analysis, the upper limb finite element model includes one carpal bone element, five metacarpal bone elements, 14 phalange elements, an ulnar element, a radial element, It preferably includes a humeral element, a joint element, a muscular element, and a soft tissue element.
[0038]
More preferably, the upper limb finite element model includes, as skeletal elements, eight carpal elements (a lunar bone element, a triangular bone element, a bean-shaped bone element, a hooked bone element, a scaphoid bone element, a headed bone element, A large rhombus element, a small rhombus element), a metacarpal element (five metacarpal elements), a seed bone element, and a phalanx element (five proximal phalanges, four middle phalanxes, (End phalanx), a total of 28 bone elements, an ulnar element, a radial element, and a humeral element, and further, a joint element, a muscular element, a tendon element, a ligament element, and a soft tissue. Element.
[0039]
The operation of grasping and separating an object with the hand can be performed by a combination of the palm flexion operation and the dorsiflexion operation of the hand. The palmar flexion can be performed using various muscles such as the superficial digital flexor, the deep digital flexor, the extensor carpi flexor, the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor carpal flexor, the abductor flexor longus, and the dorsiflexion Can be carried out using various muscles such as the extensor digitorum, the flexor carpi radialis, the flexor extensor carpi radialis, the extensor digitorum extensor, the extensor digitorum extensor, etc.
[0040]
In order to reproduce an active movement such as a ball-catching movement using an upper limb finite element model, it is necessary to reproduce a palm flexion movement that grasps an object. The muscles of particular importance in palmar flexion are the flexor pollicis longum, flexor extensor digitorum longus, and flexor extensor digitorum. Therefore, by adding muscle elements such as the superficial finger flexor muscle element, the deep finger flexor muscle element, and the long thumb flexor muscle element to the upper limb finite element model, it becomes possible to reproduce the palmar flexion motion.
[0041]
The skeletal elements are composed of solid elements. This is because bones are solid and cannot be modeled with shell elements or beam elements. It is preferable to use an 8-node solid element among solid elements. An eight-node solid element is a solid element having eight nodes. The material type of this 8-node solid element is an isotropic material. In the lower limb finite element model, the eight-node solid elements are preferably arranged so as to have a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction of walking or running.
[0042]
Examples of solid elements include tetrahedral solid elements and hexahedral solid elements. Although tetrahedral solid elements can be created automatically, their analysis accuracy is relatively poor. On the other hand, in the case of a hexahedral solid element, automatic creation is difficult, but analysis accuracy is relatively good. As for the calculation time, if the number of meshes is the same, the use of hexahedral solid elements is faster. The accuracy is higher when the hexahedral solid elements are used. Therefore, it is preferable to use a hexahedral solid element as the skeleton element.
[0043]
The mesh size is determined in consideration of the calculation time, and is preferably about 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less for all the following elements. If it exceeds this, the calculation time becomes enormous and it becomes difficult to use it for actual design.
[0044]
As the material properties, each bone is anatomically present independently, and the bone elements are connected by a joint element (joint element). As the material properties of the bone, both the isotropic material and the anisotropic material are properly used. An anisotropic material is selected for detailed analysis, and an isotropic material is selected for simple analysis.
[0045]
Next, the joint elements will be described. As the joint element, a solid element, a shell element, a beam element, a combination element of a shell element and a beam element, and a joint element can be used.
[0046]
The joint elements are modeled with a primary purpose of transmitting force between the bones. The use of solid elements increases the possibility of divergence when the deformation is large. Therefore, it is desirable to use a solid element at a location where deformation is small. In the case of using a shell element, it is possible to perform a highly accurate analysis by using a value higher than an actual physical property value. When the beam element is used alone, the force is transmitted at one point, and the force may not be transmitted properly. Therefore, it is desirable to use the beam element together with another element such as a shell element. Since the joint element is for determining the constraint between the rigid bodies, it is desirable to use the joint element in combination with other elements and not to use the joint element alone. This joint element can be used to control rotation and translation.
[0047]
In order to reproduce the bending motion of the hand or foot, it is preferable that the number of divisions of the joint element is plural. Thereby, the bending motion of the hand or foot can be reproduced with high accuracy. The division number of the joint element is determined by the distance between the bone elements and the mesh size.
[0048]
The number of divisions of the joint element is more preferably three or more. However, if the number of divisions is too large, there is a possibility that a problem such as an enormous calculation may occur. Therefore, the number of divisions is preferably 5 or less.
[0049]
In the lower limb finite element model, it is preferable that the metatarsophalangeal joint element connecting the metatarsal element and the phalange element be a beam element. At this time, the beam element is preferably located near the center of the coupling surface. However, the joint elements other than the metatarsophalangeal joint element are composed of 8-node solid elements. In this case, the eight-node solid element has the same plane as the joint plane of each bone element.
[0050]
Next, the muscle element, the tendon element, and the supporting element will be described. Since muscles and tendons have different cross-sectional shapes, if they are made of solid elements, the model shape must be changed at the time of correction. On the other hand, since the shell element and the beam element can input the cross-sectional characteristics, the model can be easily modified. Therefore, it is preferable to use a shell element and a beam element as the muscular element, the tendon element and the supporting element. It is preferable to use an anisotropic material for the shell element and to use an isotropic material for the beam element. The concept of the mesh size is the same as that of the bone element.
[0051]
Since muscles and tendons act only in a uniaxial direction, it is preferable to use anisotropic materials having different tensile elastic moduli in the 0-degree direction and 90-degree direction as material properties. The tensile modulus in the 90-degree direction is preferably 1/10 or less of the tensile modulus in the 0-degree direction.
[0052]
Next, soft tissue elements corresponding to muscle, fat, and the like will be described. As the soft tissue element, a solid element can be used. If there is no soft tissue, for example, the contact between the shoe and the foot becomes a point contact, which is different from reality. Therefore, the soft tissue element is included in the lower limb finite element model so that the shoe and the foot can make contact, line contact, or surface contact at a plurality of points. In the lower limb finite element model, for example, soft tissue elements may be provided at two places, the heel and the forefoot.
[0053]
Regarding the number of divisions of the soft tissue element, it is necessary to divide at least into two in order to reproduce the phenomenon of compression. Considering the minimum mesh size (1 mm), the division number of the soft tissue element is about 18 or less. For example, the number of divisions of the heel soft tissue element may be 2 or more and 17 or less, and the number of divisions of the forefoot soft tissue element may be 2 or more and 17 or less.
[0054]
On the other hand, the human body wearing article finite element model can be composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of an 8-node solid element, a 4-node solid element, and a 3-node shell element.
[0055]
Next, the design method of the present invention will be described. In the following description, a method of designing a shoe to be worn on a foot will be described, but the same technique can be applied to an article to be worn on a hand such as a grab.
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 2, first, using the data stored in the storage device 4, a shoe CAD (Computer Aided Design) model is created in the arithmetic unit 2, and the 8-node solid element and the 4-node shell element are combined. To create a finite element model for shoes. Think Design (think3 inc.) Can be used as CAD software, and Hyper Mesh (Alter Engineering Inc.), MSC. Patran (MSC Software Inc.) can be used. On the other hand, the arithmetic unit 2 creates the lower limb finite element model as described above.
[0057]
Next, the shoe finite element model and the lower limb finite element model are positioned, and these are assembled. Then, the input device 1 inputs a boundary condition to the calculation unit 2. Specifically, the material properties of the shoe finite element model and the movement of the lower limb finite element model are input.
[0058]
Next, the analysis is performed in the arithmetic unit 2. For analysis, explicit solution software PAMCRASH (PAM SYSTEM INTERNAL INC.) Is used. Thereby, a stress or the like generated in each part of the foot at the time of a predetermined operation is calculated. Then, the stress value of each part of the foot is displayed on the display device 3.
[0059]
By performing the above analysis, when a person walks or runs with shoes of the same type as the modeled shoes described above, it is possible to calculate the load applied to each part of the person's foot. If a shoe design change is required based on this result, the design change is made.
[0060]
Then, the same test is performed again under the same conditions. At this time, since the test is performed using the finite element model, the test can be accurately reproduced as compared with a case where the test is actually performed by a person wearing shoes. Also, it is possible to analyze items that cannot be measured when a person wears shoes. Therefore, the effect of the above-mentioned design change can be surely and accurately known. Thus, the optimum shape and the optimum material of the shoe can be selected while repeating the design change and the test, and the shoe can be designed with reference to this.
[0061]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 are perspective views showing a part of the lower limb finite element model 5 of the present embodiment.
[0062]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a number of skeletal elements 6 composed of solid elements, articulated elements 7 composed of solid elements or beam elements and arranged between the skeletal elements 6, shell elements or beam elements , A tendon element 9 and a brace element 10.
[0063]
More specifically, the model shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 includes, as the skeletal element 6, a talus element, a calcaneal element, a scaphoidal element, a cubic bone element, first to third wedge-shaped elements, and five metatarsal bones. It has an element, a seed bone element, five proximal phalanx elements, four middle phalanx elements, five distal phalanx elements, a fibula element, a tibia element, a patella element, a femoral element, and a pelvic element.
[0064]
For example, the mass of the femoral component is 10.1% of the body weight, the mass of the fibula component and the tibial component is 4.1% of the body weight, the talus component, the calcaneal component, the scaphoid component, the cubic component, and the first component. The mass of the third cuneiform element, five metatarsal elements, seed bone elements, five proximal phalanx elements, four metatarsal elements, and five distal phalanx elements is 1.3% of body weight; Mass loading is performed so that the mass of the pelvic element is 84.5% of the body weight. By appropriately setting the ratio of the mass to the weight of each skeletal element 6 in this manner, a more realistic analysis can be performed.
[0065]
In the above model, the muscle elements 8 include the short peroneus muscle element 80, the long peroneus muscle element 81, the third peroneus muscle element 82, the long finger extensor element 83, the short finger extensor element 84, and the long thumb extensor element. 85, anterior tibialis flexor element 87, flexor pollicis longus element 88, posterior tibialis muscle element, Achilles tendon element 90 as tendon element 9, and superior fibular muscle support as brace element 10 It has a ligament element 100, an inferior peroneal muscle ligament element 101, an upper extensor ligament element 102, a flexor ligament element 103, and a lower extensor ligament element. It has an element 111, a tibial ligament element 112, an anterior tibial ligament element 113, a tibial heel ligament element 114, a posterior tibial ligament element 115, a posterior talofibular ligament element 116, an anterior tibial ligament element, and a posterior shin ligament element.
[0066]
As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the lower limb finite element model 5 of the present embodiment faithfully reproduces not only the skeleton of the human foot but also the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and ligaments. Understand.
[0067]
As shown in FIG. 6, the joint element 7 between the skeletal elements 6 may be constituted by a beam element if necessary, or may be constituted by a solid element. In the example of FIG. 6, a beam element is used between the metatarsal element and the proximal phalanx element, and a solid element is used between the metatarsal element and the wedge-shaped element, for example.
[0068]
FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of a place where a beam element (joint element) is used as the joint element 7. As shown in FIG. 7, the beam elements are arranged so as to connect the central portions of the end faces of the skeleton elements. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of a place where a solid element is used as the joint element 7. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the joint element 7 is divided into four parts. Thereby, the bending operation can be reproduced with high accuracy.
[0069]
As shown in FIG. 9, the lower limb finite element model 5 of the present invention has a soft tissue element 11. In the example of FIG. 9, the soft tissue element 11 is provided below the calcaneal element and below the forefoot element (a portion from the distal phalanx element to the vicinity of the bottom of the seed bone element). The thickness of the soft tissue element 11 under the calcaneal element is, for example, 17.8 mm, and the soft tissue element 11 is divided into four. The thickness of the soft tissue element 11 under the forefoot element is, for example, 5 mm, and is divided into two. In addition, the soft tissue element 11 under the calcaneus element can be divided into 18 at the maximum, and the soft tissue element 11 under the forefoot element can be divided into 5 at the maximum.
[0070]
10 to 14 show a state in which the lower limb finite element model 5 and the shoe finite element model 12 of this embodiment are assembled. 11 to 14, (a) is a diagram in which the lower limb finite element model 5 and the shoe finite element model 12 are combined, and (b) is a diagram in which only the lower limb finite element model 5 is extracted. .
[0071]
FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b), FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b) and FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) are intended to reproduce the pronation operation, and immediately before the pronation operation is performed. State is reproduced. By reproducing the pronation operation in this way, stability analysis during walking or running can be performed.
[0072]
In addition, in the example of FIG. 11A, the inclination angle θ1 of the fibula element and the tibia element with respect to the vertical direction when viewed from the lateral direction is set to 12 degrees, and in the example of FIG. In this case, the inclination angle θ3 of the fibula element and the tibial element with respect to the vertical direction is set to 7 degrees.
FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) reproduce the heel collision state, and can analyze the cushioning properties of shoes and the impact applied to the heel of a person. In the example of FIG. 12A, the angle (dorsiflexion angle) θ2 between the bottom surface of the shoe finite element model 12 and the ground is set to 18 degrees.
[0073]
15 and 16 show side and rear views of the shoe finite element model 12 used in this embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the shoe finite element model 12 is created using a four-node solid element and a three-node shell element.
[0074]
Next, analysis results will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 17 shows the results of examining the stress applied to each part of the foot when the heel hits the ground when a human runs at 3.6 m / s (about 13 km / h). At the time of analysis, for example, 3.6 m / s may be input to all the nodes of the lower limb finite element model 5 to apply tension to the muscle element and the tendon element. Thus, the analysis as shown in FIG. 17 can be performed. In FIG. 17, a large load is applied to a portion where the color is dark.
[0075]
Based on this result, for example, what part and what material and shape are to be studied in order to improve the cushioning properties of the shoe. Then, for example, a part of the shoe finite element model 12 is changed to an appropriate material or shape, and the same test is performed again under the same conditions. At this time, the cushioning property of the shoe can be evaluated by measuring the acceleration of the outer malleolus.
[0076]
In this manner, the same test can be performed under the same conditions while appropriately changing the material and the like of the constituent parts of the shoe finite element model 12, and the cushioning properties of the shoe can be reliably improved. As a result, it is possible to design the shoes so as to reduce the burden on the foot during running or the like.
[0077]
FIG. 18 is an analysis of a pronation motion in which a foot falls down during human walking or running. In FIG. 18, a large load is applied to a portion where the color is dark.
[0078]
In order to know the degree of the pronation, the angle between the calcaneus element and the ground in the lower limb finite element model 5 may be measured. Then, the test may be repeated while appropriately adjusting the material and the like of each part of the shoe finite element model 12 as in the case described above, and the optimum material and the like of each part of the shoe may be selected. Thus, the shoe can be designed so that excessive pronation can be prevented.
[0079]
It is said that during a running operation, a force two to three times the weight is applied to the foot. Therefore, a force considered to be applied to the foot during the running operation is applied to the position of the center of gravity of the pelvic element, and a predetermined tension is applied to the muscle element and the tendon element. As an example, a force (1.2 kN) that is twice the body weight (for example, 60 kg) is applied to the foot.
[0080]
FIG. 19 shows an analysis of toe bending in the shoe. When reproducing the bending motion, three-dimensional position coordinate data at the time of walking bending obtained by an experiment is given to the position of the center of gravity of the calcaneus element, and a predetermined tension is given to the muscle element and the tendon element. In FIG. 19, a large load is applied to a portion where the color is dark.
[0081]
In this bending analysis, the stress applied to the metatarsal element in the lower limb finite element model 5 is calculated. Also in this case, the test may be repeated while appropriately adjusting the material and the like of each part of the shoe finite element model 12, and the optimum material and the like of each part of the shoe may be selected. Thereby, the shoe can be designed so that excessive pronation can be prevented.
[0082]
Next, the upper limb finite element model 13 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0083]
As shown in FIGS. 20 to 23, the upper limb finite element model 13 of the present embodiment also includes a skeletal element 6 composed of a solid element and a joint element composed of a solid element or a beam element and arranged between the skeletal elements 6. 7 and a muscle element, a tendon element (not shown), and a brace element (not shown) composed of a shell element or a beam element.
[0084]
Muscles that are particularly important in palmar flexion are the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor thumb, and the deep flexor as described above. Therefore, in this embodiment, these muscles are reproduced. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 22, as the muscle elements, the flexor pollicis longus element 89, the shallow finger flexor muscle element, and the deep finger flexor muscle element 91 are reproduced, and the joint capsule 15 is also reproduced. As the skeletal element 6, as shown in FIG. 21, a radial element 60, an ulnar element 61, a carpal element 62, a metacarpal element 63, a phalange element 64, and a humeral element are reproduced. The mesh size of each element is 1 mm to 3 mm.
[0085]
As shown in FIGS. 20 to 23, it can be seen that also in the case of the upper limb finite element model 13 of the present embodiment, the skeleton and joints of the human hand are faithfully reproduced. By using such an upper limb finite element model 13, various analyzes relating to impact applied to a human hand or arm, for example, when a predetermined operation is performed by mounting an article such as a grab on a human hand, are performed. be able to.
[0086]
For example, as shown in FIG. 24, by performing a predetermined analysis using the grab finite element model 14 and the upper limb finite element model 13, as in the case of the lower limb finite element model 5 described above, The glove can be designed so as not to place an excessive burden on a human hand or arm when the glove is worn and an operation such as catching a ball is performed.
[0087]
Although the embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments disclosed this time are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and includes all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the claims.
[0088]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, when an article is attached to the lower limb or the upper limb and a predetermined operation is performed, the stress applied to each part of the lower limb or the upper limb can be calculated much more accurately than the conventional example. Various human-worn articles can be designed so as not to place an excessive burden on the human body by utilizing the above.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a design support apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining processing in the design support apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a part of a lower limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the little finger side.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a part of the lower limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the heel side.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a part of a lower limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the thumb side.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a part of a lower limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of an example of a joint portion of the lower limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of another example of the joint part of the lower limb finite element model in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a soft tissue element of a lower limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view showing a state where a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model are assembled in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11A is a side view showing a state in which a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model are assembled and an operation is being performed in one embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is a figure which shows the state which removed the shoe finite element model from (a).
FIG. 12 (a) is a side view showing a state in which a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model are assembled and an operation is being performed in one embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is a figure which shows the state which removed the shoe finite element model from (a).
FIG. 13A is a rear view showing a state in which a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model are assembled and performing a certain operation in one embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is a figure which shows the state which removed the shoe finite element model from (a).
FIG. 14A is a perspective view showing a state in which a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model are assembled and performing a certain operation in one embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is a figure which shows the state which removed the shoe finite element model from (a).
FIG. 15 is a side view of a shoe finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a rear view of a shoe finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an analysis result when a running motion is performed using a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing another example of an analysis result when a running operation is performed using a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of an analysis result when a walking motion is performed using a lower limb finite element model and a shoe finite element model in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a plan view of an upper limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a partially enlarged view of an upper limb finite element model in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a partially enlarged view of an upper limb finite element model according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of a fingertip portion of the upper limb finite element model in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a state where an upper limb finite element model and a grab finite element model are assembled in one embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 input device, 2 arithmetic unit (computer), 3 display device, 4 storage device, 5 limb finite element model, 6 skeletal element, 7 joint element, 8 muscle element, 9 tendon element, 10 brace element, 11 soft tissue element, 12 Shoes finite element model, 13 Upper limb finite element model, 14 Grab finite element model, 15 joint capsule, 60 radial element, 61 ulnar element, 62 carpal bone element, 63 metacarpal element, 64 phalange element, 80 short peroneal muscle Elements, 81 long peroneus muscle element, 82 third peroneus muscle element, 83 long finger extensor element, 84 short finger extensor element, 85 long thumb extensor element, 86 tibialis anterior muscle element, 87 long finger flexor element, 88 89, flexor pollicis longus element, 90 Achilles tendon element, 91 superficial digital flexor element and deep flexor flexor element, 100 superior peroneus muscularis element, 101 inferior peroneus muscularis element, 102 superior extensor muscularis element, 103 flexors Band element, 1 0 Before talofibular ligament element 111 Kakatokobura ligament element 112 Sunefune ligament element 113 before shin 距靭 band element 114 Sunekakato ligament element, shin calf ligament element after 115, 116 after talofibular ligament elements.

Claims (23)

A design support apparatus for supporting the design of a human body-mounted article by calculating a stress applied to the upper limb or the lower limb when the human body-mounted article is mounted on the upper limb or the lower limb of the human body and performing an operation using a finite element method, ,
An arithmetic unit that calculates the stress using a lower limb finite element model that models the lower limb or an upper limb finite element model that models the upper limb, and a human body wearing article finite element model that models a human body wearing article. A design support device for a human-worn article. The lower limb finite element model includes a tarsal bone element, a metatarsal bone element, a seed bone element, a phalangeal element, a fibula element, a tibia element, a patella element, a femur element, a pelvis element, and a joint. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, comprising an element, a muscle element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element. The lower limb finite element model is a model for performing a heel collision analysis,
Four tarsal elements, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, fibula elements, tibia elements, patella elements, femoral elements, pelvic elements, joint elements, The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, comprising a muscle element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element. The lower limb finite element model is a model for performing stability analysis,
One tarsal element, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, fibula element, tibia element, patella element, femur element, pelvis element, joint element, The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, comprising a muscle element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element. The lower limb finite element model is a model for performing flexibility analysis,
Two tarsal bone elements, five metatarsal elements, five phalange elements, fibula elements, tibia elements, patella elements, femur elements, pelvic elements, joint elements, The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, comprising a muscle element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element. The lower limb finite element model is a model for performing analysis on continuous active motion,
7 tarsal bone elements, 5 metatarsal elements, 14 phalangeal elements, fibula elements, tibia elements, patella elements, femoral elements, pelvic elements, joint elements, The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, comprising a muscle element, a tendon element, a brace element, and a soft tissue element. The upper limb finite element model includes a carpal element, a metacarpal element, a seed bone element, a phalange element, an ulna element, a radial element, a humeral element, a joint element, a muscle element, and a soft tissue. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, further comprising an element. The upper limb finite element model is a model for performing ball-catching motion analysis,
Includes one carpal, five metacarpal, fourteen phalanges, ulna, radius, humerus, joint, muscle, and soft tissue elements The human body wearing article design support apparatus according to claim 1. The upper limb finite element model includes eight carpal elements, five metacarpal elements, fourteen phalange elements, an ulnar element, a radial element, a humeral element, a joint element, and a muscle. The human body-worn article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the device includes a component and a soft tissue component. The lower limb finite element model and the upper limb finite element model include skeletal elements,
The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the skeleton element is configured by an eight-node solid element. The lower limb finite element model and the upper limb finite element model include a muscle element, a tendon element and a brace element,
The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the muscle element, the tendon element, and the brace element are configured by a shell element or a beam element. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 11, wherein the shell element is made of an anisotropic material, and the beam element is made of an isotropic material. The human body wearing article finite element model includes a shoe model,
The lower limb finite element model includes a soft tissue element,
The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the soft tissue elements are arranged at a plurality of nodes between the lower limb finite element model and the shoe model. The soft tissue element includes a heel soft tissue element and a forefoot soft tissue element,
14. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 13, wherein the number of divisions of the heel soft tissue element is 2 or more and 17 or less, and the number of divisions of the forefoot soft tissue element is 2 or more and 5 or less. The human body wearing article design support according to claim 1, wherein the human body wearing article finite element model is configured by at least one element selected from the group consisting of an 8-node solid element, a 4-node solid element, and a 3-node shell element. apparatus. The lower limb finite element model and the upper limb finite element model include joint elements,
The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the joint element is configured by at least one element selected from the group consisting of a solid element, a shell element, and a beam element. The joint element is constituted by the solid element,
17. The human body-worn article design support device according to claim 16, wherein the number of divisions of the joint element is 3 or more and 5 or less. The lower limb finite element model includes a metatarsal element, a phalange element, and a metatarsophalangeal joint element that connects the metatarsal element and the phalange element.
2. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the metatarsophalangeal joint element is formed of a beam element, and the beam element is arranged near a center of a coupling surface between the metatarsal element and the phalange element. 3. 2. The lower limb finite element model according to claim 1, wherein the lower limb finite element model includes a long peroneus muscle element, a short peroneus muscle element, a flexor pollicis longus element, a long finger flexor muscle element, a tibialis posterior muscle element, and an Achilles tendon element. A design support device for human-worn articles. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the lower limb finite element model includes a tibialis anterior muscle element, a extensor long finger element, and an extensor long thumb element. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the lower limb finite element model includes a long peroneus muscle element, a short peroneus muscle element, a long finger extensor muscle element, and a third peroneus muscle element. The human body wearing article design support according to claim 1, wherein the lower limb finite element model includes a posterior tibial muscle element, a flexor pollicis longus element, a flexor long finger flexor element, a tibialis anterior muscle element, and an Achilles tendon element. apparatus. The human body wearing article design support device according to claim 1, wherein the upper limb finite element model includes a superficial digital flexor element, a deep digital flexor element, and a long thumb flexor element.

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