JP2004052106A - Copper alloy based material for city water - Google Patents

Copper alloy based material for city water Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004052106A
JP2004052106A JP2003150438A JP2003150438A JP2004052106A JP 2004052106 A JP2004052106 A JP 2004052106A JP 2003150438 A JP2003150438 A JP 2003150438A JP 2003150438 A JP2003150438 A JP 2003150438A JP 2004052106 A JP2004052106 A JP 2004052106A
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leaching
weight
water supply
conditioning
value
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JP2003150438A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Susumu Matsuno
松野 進
Hiroaki Maedono
前殿  裕章
Kuni Taura
田浦  久仁
Masaaki Yamamoto
山本  匡昭
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Kurimoto Ltd
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Kurimoto Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide copper alloy based materials for city water which perfectly satisfy standards in leaching testing after conditioning, and are also provided with mechanical properties superior to those of a JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) forging material. <P>SOLUTION: The materials used for waternetworks comprise, by weight, 2.0 to 5.0% Ni, 2.0 to 5.0% Sn, 0.25 to 0.50% Si and 0.30 to 0.60% Mg, and the balance Cu component. All the metallic components satisfy the standard values stipulated in an ordinance (2000, No.15) of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Further, the mechanical workability of a product can be improved while suppressing leaching even if the Mg value is reduced by adding 0.5 to 1.0% Bi as well. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は上水道管路などに使用する水道用資機材に係る。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
わが国の水道水は世界的に見ても優秀で、蛇口からそのまま飲めるという数少ない安全、衛生上の高いレベルにあることは、海外旅行の経験者であれば容易に首肯される事実である。ところが近年は水道水の取水源自体に流れ込む原水へ、種々雑多な成分を含む雑排水が混入して水質は必ずしも万全でなくなっている。これは材料科学の急速な進展と共に上流部の住居、田園、山林、工場などから複雑な汚水が混じり、従来は想像もつかなかった異物が混入する他、大気そのものも多くの排気ガスや飛散浮遊する粉塵に汚染されて、水質保持の点で過酷な条件となりつつあるからである。
【0003】
水質に影響を与える異種成分を金属イオンだけに絞って検討してみると、本来、Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Moなどの金属元素は、人体内へ取り込まれると蛋白質などの生体分子と結合し、金属酵素や金属蛋白質、ビタミンなどの金属イオンの化合物として存在し、人間が生存するためには絶対欠かせない必須性が証明されているが、一方、その摂取量が過多となり、すべての量を排泄できないときは蓄積する元素もあって、金属イオンが生命の設計図である遺伝子と反応し、その正常な読取りや細胞の複製を阻害すると言われている。
【0004】
厚生省(現在の厚生労働省)は厚生省令第15号で水道施設の技術的基準を定め、その第1条一般事項の第17号ハとして、浄水又は浄水処理過程における水に接する資機材等の材質は、原則として別に定める方法で浸出させた浸出液が表に掲げる基準に適合することを求めている。表にはCd、Hg、Se、Pb、As、6価クロム、各種ジクロロエタン、ジクロロメタン等と並んでZn、Fe、Cuの金属成分の基準値もそれぞれ示されている。(非特許文献1参照)
【0005】
【非特許文献1】
平成12年2月23日公布官報
【0006】
前記の基準のうち、Pbは子供の脳機能障害や成人の生殖機能不全の原因となる恐れがあり、Cdはイタイイタイ病、Hgは神経障害の鉱害事件を引き起こした原因とされるから、厳しい規制の対象となるのは当然であるが、やや意外なのはZn、Fe、Cuについての規制である。何れも人体にとっては必須のミネラル成分であり、適当に接種しなければ健康上障害を起すと強調されている。たとえばZnが欠乏すると味覚障害を生じて食べ物の味が感知できなくなり、Feは血液中のヘモグロビンを生成する上で絶対不可欠の要素とされている。
【0007】
このような必須の金属成分も一定量を超えると別の意味で水道水としての水質の障害となる。それは前記のCd、Hgなど重金属の沈着による健康障害ではなくて、水道水として使用する上での不都合、欠陥によるものであって、たとえば過度のFeは白い洗濯物を変色させて衣服の価値を台無しにする他、飲料水としても金気を感じさせて甚だしく風味を損なう。過度のZnは水道水を白濁させて外観上、味覚上の価値を損なうし、過度のCuも無色透明であるべき水道水を変色させるなど、使用時の不具合、不都合を誘発する原因となるからである。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記の基準は人間の健康上、有害度の高い成分ほど許容される上限値が小さいことはいうまでない。たとえばCdは0.001mg/L以下、Hgに至っては0.00005mg/L以下、Pbも0.005mg/L以下と厳しい値が掲げられている。これに対して健康上の理由ではなくて使用上の問題点となるZnは0.1mg/L以下、Feは0.03mg/L以下、Cuは0.1mg/L以下を基準としているから、10倍、乃至100倍の許容レベルであることは事実である。
【0009】
ところがCu、Fe、Znの金属成分は一般に材料そのものを構成する主成分であり、CdやHgその他ジクロロ系有機物質と同じ条件では論じられない。ジクロロ系有機物質は資機材表面を塩化ビニールでコーティングした場合に浸出するのであろうが、金属成分は材料そのものを形成するのであるから、異物として、または不純物として混入する場合とは異なり、条件としてはきわめて不利な前提に立たざるを得ない。発明者らは本発明の開発に先立って市販されている水道用資機材について前記省令に定める浸出試験に基づいて浸出液を得、その分析を行なった。表1はその結果を例示するものである。
【0010】
【表1】

Figure 2004052106
【0011】
この表から従来技術(市販品)の成績を検討すると、JIS1材はCuが3倍強、JIS2材はCuが2.5倍だが、Mnが4.7倍、E材はZnが18倍以上、KA材はCuが6.4倍、G材はCuが7.5倍以上という点から何れも基準値を大幅に超えている。
【0012】
もっともこの省令には但し書きがあって(付則2)、「この省令施行の際、現に設置されている水道施設であって、第1条第2号から・・・・・第17号ハ・・・に規定する基準に適合しないものについては、その施設の大規模な改造の時まではこれらの規定は適用しない。」とあり、一定の猶予期間を容認している。このことは現に使用しているE材、KA材、KB材、G材などが省令の基準に適合していないにしても、それが直ちに違法であるとは言えないとして現実の設備の実態との調整を図ったものと解される。この省令は平成12年度公布されたものであり、現在使用中の設備まで違法とする法の遡及効果はないものと考えられる。しかし、今後新設される水道施設は言うに及ばず、現在操業中の施設の更新取り替えにおいて、前記省令に定める基準値を大幅に上回る現在流通中の資機材をそのまま配設することは、最早許されないことは明らかである。環境問題が市民最大の関心事となりつつある今日、施設事業体が資機材発注に際して重大なチェック事項となるのは必至の時代に入ったのである。
【0013】
なお、この省令に定める浸出値の検出については、該官報の付則として指示されている通り、いわゆるコンディショニング操作(試験片表面をあらかじめ所定時間、浸出液に浸漬してなじませ、定常状態に移行した条件に近づける)の手順が示されているが、資機材の材質構造などによりコンディショニングを行なわなくとも当該浸出液が基準に適合することが明らかな場合は、コンディショニングの操作を省略できると但し書きが付されている。これを受けて日本水道協会が制定したJWAA 108 2000(水道用資機材浸出試験法)では「コンディショニングは省略できることとし、この場合、洗滌操作後、浸出液で3回洗滌」することで代えられる旨規定されている。
【0014】
したがって現状では業界が規定したようにコンディショニングなしの浸出試験によって厚生省の基準値をクリアするか否かを論じることは妥当であるといえる。しかし、あらかじめ浸出値が基準に適合することが明らかな場合とは、具体的にどのような場合を指すのか明確ではない。現に発明者の実験の結果でもコンディショニングなしの浸出値と、コンディショニング後の浸出値の間にはかなりの差の認められる場合もあるので、厳密に言えば、材質的にはあらかじめ浸出試験前にコンディショニングの必要性を明らかに識別することは難しいのではないか。2003年を目標に、この基準値自体の見直し作業に入ったとされており、環境と保健に関する規制はよりハードルを高くする社会の趨勢から見ても、現在、ほぼすべての市販品が超えられないコンディショニング後の基準浸出値を満足することは、重要な課題の一つと言わざるを得ない。
【0015】
同時に水道用施設としても用途によっては強度を必要とし、または伸びなど靭性を求められる場合もあるが、普遍的に求められる数値としてJIS C3771鍛造材相当の引張り強さ315MPa以上、伸び15%以上の2項目をクリアする機械的性質が望ましい。これは単に水道水と接して浸出する作用を抑止するだけでなく、水路を構成する構造材として、たとえばバルブのねじ駒など常に強度と靭性のバランスよき両立を求められる資機材の基本的な課題である。
【0016】
本発明は以上の課題を解決するために、省令に基づいたコンディショニング後の浸出試験において、完全に基準値を満足する浸出液が得られる材料であって、かつ、JIS鍛造材に規定する以上の機械的性質を具えた銅合金系水道用資機材の提供を目的とする。
【0017】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る銅合金系水道用資材は、Ni:2.0〜5.0重量%、Sn:2.0〜5.0重量%、Si:0.25〜0.50重量%、Mg:0.30〜0.60重量%、残りCuの成分よりなり、日本水道協会制定に基づく浸出試験法によって行なった浸出試験で、如何なる金属成分も厚生省令(平成12年第15号)に定める基準値を満足し、かつ、引っ張り強さ315MPa、伸び15%以上の機械的性質も満足することによって前記の課題を解決した。
【0018】
本発明はすでに課題の項でも述べたように厚生省公布の水道用資機材としての管理基準を第一の選定用の線引きとし、つぎにJIS C3771鍛造材に相当する機械的性質で線を引いて篩にかけた。限定成分の候補としては、Znの浸出値が高いと予想される黄銅系など従来品の主体の一つを占める材料を排除しなければならいない。Znは電気的にCuより遥かに卑の金属であり、Cuと水溶液中に共存するときは、かならず優先的に浸出する傾向が大きいからである。しかしながらZnを大幅に削減したとしても、主成分であるCuがさらに増加すれば、Cuの浸出をどう抑止するかという矛盾に課題解決の道を阻まれる。浸出値の規制という観点から言えば、事前の予備実験ではコンディショニング後のCu浸出値を0.1mg/Lの上限以下に維持することはきわめて厳しく、通常慣用されている合金成分ではCuが70%以上含まれるときには、コンディショニング後の浸出基準値をクリアすることは困難であるとことが判った。これを抑えるにはCuを減らして規制対象とならない成分(たとえばNi,Snなど)で置換するか、またはCuの浸出作用自体を抑制するしかない。
【0019】
発明者はCuの浸出を抑止して基準に到達する手段としてMg添加を選んだ。周知のように金属物質には電子を放出して結晶格子を安定しやすいイオン化の大きいものから、電子を取り込んで安定しやすいイオン化の小さいものまで、イオン化傾向の順位が確定しており、イオン化の大きい順に、K,Ca,Na,Mg,Al,Zn,Fe,Ni,Sn,Pb,(H),Bi,Sb,As,Cu,Hg,Ag,Pt,Auと並び、実用金属としてはMgが最もイオン化が大きく、その単極電位はHを標準の0.00とした場合、−1.55eVで、Zn(−0.762eV)、Ni(−0.257eV)より著しく大きく、+0.342eVであるCuの浸出を抑止する作用が抜群である。このMgの浸出抑止作用が多量のCu含有にも拘わらず従来の経験則を覆してコンディショニング後のCu浸出値を基準内に留める要因になったと推定される。しかしMgはこのようにイオン化傾向の大きい活性化した金属であるため、溶湯条件によって歩留まりにバラツキが生じ易いが、一般的には添加量の増加と共に引張り強度を向上させる一方、伸びを低下させる作用も大きくなるのでその成分範囲としてはCu浸出抑止能力のための下限として0.30%以上、靭性低下による上限としては0.60%以下に設定する。
【0020】
NiはCuと全率固溶体を形成し、同じ結晶構造である面心立方格子よりなるから、基材ベースの一方を担うのに適当である。しかし、Niは材料費が高く大量の配合は実用上の大きな障害となる要素は避け難いから、古来、伝統的に青銅として使用されてきたSnを組み合わせた。特に着目したことは、Niの一部をSnに置き換えることにより、伸びを低下させることなく引張強度を向上させるという点であり、これによって機械的強度の不足を補う役割を期待した技術的予見も根拠となった。原子半径がCu:1.28Å、Sn:1.52Å、Ni:1.25Åであるので、Cu−Ni合金では大きな結晶格子ひずみが生じないが、Cu−Ni−Sn合金とすることで結晶格子ひずみが大きくなり、転位の運動が妨げられるため引張り強度が向上するものと考えられる。
【0021】
Biは材料を機械加工する場合の加工性を向上する作用が顕著である。前記の基本成分はすべて省令に基づいたコンディショニング後の浸出試験において、完全に基準値を満足することを最大の要件として得られた成分範囲であるが、実施上の作業性から言えば、加工性についてさらに改善の求められる場合が少なくないことも事実である。たとえば台形ねじの雌ネジを螺刻するなど中ぐり工程にあっては、切り粉が長く続いて孔内で相互に絡み合って団塊状に圧密化して加工が不可能となる場合などが挙げられる。Biによる加工性の向上には0.5〜1.0重量%が好適で、Bi自体の浸出規制は設けられていないものの、それ以上の含有は材料強度や伸びなどに影響を与える可能性があるので望ましくない。なおBiはCuよりイオン化傾向が大きいため、前記Mgと共にCu浸出抑止機能に共働き作用が見られ、Biとの共存においてはMg:0.054%でもCu浸出を基準値内に抑止するのに有効であったという追加実験の記録が残されている。
【0022】
Siは銅合金ではNiとの共存合金としてコルソン合金(Ni:2.0〜6.0%、他にSi、Al、Zn等)が知られ、導電率の高い高力材料として有名である。高力である理由はNiSi化合物の析出硬化によるもので、溶体化処理、焼入、焼戻し、時効硬化させる。しかしSi添加と共に伸びは急速に低下し、必要な靭性(目標は伸び:15%以上)を切る懸念がある。特に前記のようにMg添加を要件とするので、その相乗作用に伴う靭性低下を抑制するため、Si:0.50%を上限とする。下限としては引張強度の目標(315MPa以上)を確保する必要から0.25%とした。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の浸出試験は厚生省令と同時に公布された同告示(第45号)に従って行なった。主な手順を列挙すると以下の通りである。
▲1▼浸出用液の調整
蒸留、イオン交換法などで精製した精製水に有効塩素、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム、炭化水素カルシウム溶液を加えて基準とする水質を調整する。
▲2▼洗滌
水道水および前記精製水で試験材を洗滌する。
▲3▼コンディショニング
試験材(管、バルブ、継手など)は内部を浸出用液で満たして密封し、14日静置、その間少なくとも9回浸出用液を交換する。
▲4▼浸出
浸出用液で満たして密封し、この水温を保持して16時間静置した後、浸出液を採取する。
▲5▼空試験
ガラス容器などに浸出用液を満たし、前記▲4▼と同じ試験を行なう。
▲6▼分析
前記▲4▼と▲5▼でそれぞれ得られた分析値の差をこの試験材の分析値とする。
各成分によって分析方法は指定されており、Zn、Cu、Feについてはフレームレス原子吸光光度法、またはICP法、ICP−MS法、あるいは吸光光度法などとなっている。今回の分析はICP法によって行なった。
【0024】
表2は本発明の実施例1、および従来技術であるJIS材と市販されている水道用資機材の化学成分である。これら材料に対する前記コンディショニング後の浸出試験の結果を表3に示す。表3の一部(JIS材、市販材)は既に説明した表1と重複するが、比較しやすいように敢て再掲した。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 2004052106
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 2004052106
【0027】
以上の浸出試験の結果、前記省令の基準値を完全にクリアした試験材は実施例1のみである。残余の前記のJIS材、従来技術の市販品は何れも何かの成分が数倍、乃至は数十倍のレベルにあり、その乖離の程度は甚だしい。このことは銅ベースの合金とはいえ、従来はCu成分が70重量%以下に抑えなければCu浸出の基準規制がおぼつかなく、Znを配合した高力黄銅系では水道水白濁の恐れがあるZnの基準を大きく超え、Fe配合の高力タイプも赤水の原因を生じる可能性が多分に抱えていることを示唆している。本発明がCuを90%以上含みつつも、なおコンディショニングしても浸出値が基準を下回ることができるのは、Mgによる選択的なイオン化によるCuの浸出抑止作用によるものであることは否定できない結果である。なお、今回の浸出試験では接触比を840cm/Lとして試験を行なったが、実際のバルブ製品では、該接触比は400cm/L程度なので、実際には基準値をさらに下回るものと考えられる。
【0028】
次に機械的性質と実用性についてチェックしたのが表4である。材料試験ではJIS C3771材相当材の引張り強度315MPa、伸び15%を目標とし、何れもクリアできるかチェックした。一方、実用性とは端的に言えばコストを意味し、より直接的には材料費と同義である。この要素は本来、技術的思想の創作である発明とは別の次元で取り扱うべき要素かも知れないが、産業の発達に寄与するという法目的から解釈して敢えて選択の参考に加えたものである。
【0029】
【表4】
Figure 2004052106
【0030】
この表から、機械的性質のうち、伸びについては何れの試験片も目標値を満足するのに対し、引張り強さについてはかなり広い範囲にバラついており、半数近くの試験片は目標値に達することができなかった。その中で本発明の実施例は高いレベルに属し、JIS2に次ぐ高力を維持している点は評価されてよい。また価格的には現在の市販材に伍してほぼ平均的なレベルにあると認められる。
【0031】
基本成分にBiを追加した実施例2は加工性の改善を図ったもので、Mg:0.054重量%は実施例1に比べると著しく低いが、残留成分が0.05%を維持できればコンディショニング後のCu浸出値(mg/L)が0.009と規制値を満足することが確認できた。表5は比較例としてJIS鍛造材 C3771、本発明の実施例1、同実施例2の加工性を同条件下で検証したもので、加工手段は旋盤加工、対象は台形ねじで、その中心軸孔にピッチ6mmの雌ねじを螺刻する条件で統一した。切り込み深さは従来技術の比較例に比べ実施例1では径方向に半減し、加工物回転数も半減せざるを得なかったが、実施例2ではほぼ遜色のないレベルにまで改善され、加工物回転数も同等であった。加工性の目安として切り粉長さ(mm)を比較したが、実施例1の長さでは中ぐり加工で支障をもたらす可能性が否定できなかったが、実施例2では大幅に改善されて実用上はほとんど問題とならない程度にまで向上したと評価された。
【0032】
【表5】
Figure 2004052106
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上述べたように高価なNiの置換によってCuの含有量を抑制しなくてもCu自体の浸出を抑制して厚生省(現在の厚生労働省)省令に基づく「水道資機材の技術基準」に規定された「水に接する資機材等」の材質基準をクリアすることができた。今後より厳しい規制の方向を目指す世界的な趨勢から考えても、次の世代におけるニーズを先取りした材料であり、しかも比較的低廉な材料コストによって最も厳しい条件(コンディショニング後の浸出値)に耐え得ることは、実施に当ってきわめて価値ある効果をもたらすことを意味する。
【0034】
また、僅かにBiを追加することによって、従来技術に比べてやや不利な場合も起り得た加工性の問題をほぼ同等のレベルにまで改善し、しかも浸出基準は遵守できるという関連発明を付随することにより、本発明の工業的な実用性を一段と高める効果が加えられる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to water supply equipment used for water supply pipelines and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Japan's tap water is excellent worldwide, and it is one of the few high levels of safety and hygiene that can be drunk from a faucet. However, in recent years, the raw water flowing into the tap water intake source itself is mixed with miscellaneous wastewater containing various components, and the water quality is not always perfect. This is due to the rapid progress of material science, mixed sewage from upstream dwellings, rural areas, forests, factories, etc., and foreign substances that could not have been imagined before, as well as many exhaust gases and scattered floating in the atmosphere itself. This is because it is becoming harsh conditions in terms of maintaining water quality because it is contaminated with dust.
[0003]
When examining the different components that affect water quality by focusing only on metal ions, metal elements such as Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Mo are originally bound to biomolecules such as proteins when taken into the human body. It exists as a compound of metal ions such as metalloenzymes, metalloproteins and vitamins, and has been proven to be absolutely indispensable for the survival of humans. Some elements accumulate when the amount cannot be excreted, and it is said that metal ions react with genes, which are blueprints of life, and inhibit normal reading and cell replication.
[0004]
The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (currently the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare) has established technical standards for water supply facilities in Ordinance No. 15 of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Requires that leachates leached in a manner specified in principle conform to the criteria listed in the table. In the table, reference values of metal components of Zn, Fe, and Cu are shown along with Cd, Hg, Se, Pb, As, hexavalent chromium, various dichloroethanes, dichloromethane, and the like. (See Non-Patent Document 1)
[0005]
[Non-patent document 1]
Official Gazette on February 23, 2000 [0006]
Of the above criteria, Pb may cause brain dysfunction in children and reproductive dysfunction in adults, Cd is the cause of itai-itai disease, and Hg is the cause of mining cases of neuropathy. Of course, a surprising thing is a regulation on Zn, Fe, and Cu. Both are essential mineral components for the human body and are emphasized to cause health problems if not properly inoculated. For example, when Zn is deficient, a taste disorder occurs and the taste of food cannot be perceived, and Fe is regarded as an indispensable element for producing hemoglobin in blood.
[0007]
If such an essential metal component also exceeds a certain amount, it impairs the quality of tap water in another sense. This is not due to the health problems caused by the deposition of heavy metals such as Cd and Hg, but due to inconveniences and defects in use as tap water. For example, excessive Fe discolors white laundry and reduces the value of clothes. In addition to ruining it, it makes the drinking water feel rich and severely impairs the flavor. Excessive Zn causes tap water to become cloudy and impairs the appearance and taste value, and excessive Cu also causes discoloration of tap water that should be colorless and transparent, causing problems during use and inconvenience. It is.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It goes without saying that the above criterion is such that a component having a higher degree of harm to human health has a lower allowable upper limit. For example, Cd is 0.001 mg / L or less, Hg is 0.00005 mg / L or less, and Pb is 0.005 mg / L or less. On the other hand, Zn, which is not a health reason but a problem in use, is based on 0.1 mg / L or less, Fe is 0.03 mg / L or less, and Cu is 0.1 mg / L or less. It is true that the tolerance level is 10 to 100 times.
[0009]
However, metal components of Cu, Fe, and Zn are generally main components constituting the material itself, and are not discussed under the same conditions as Cd, Hg, and other dichloro-based organic substances. Dichloro-based organic substances may leach out when the surface of materials and equipment is coated with vinyl chloride, but since metal components form the material itself, unlike when mixed as foreign substances or impurities, the conditions are as follows. Must be based on a very disadvantageous assumption. Prior to the development of the present invention, the inventors obtained a leachate from a commercially available water supply equipment based on a leach test specified by the ministerial ordinance and analyzed the leachate. Table 1 illustrates the results.
[0010]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004052106
[0011]
Examining the results of the conventional technology (commercially available) from this table, the JIS1 material has Cu over 3 times, the JIS2 material has Cu 2.5 times, but the Mn 4.7 times, and the E material Zn 18 times or more. , The KA material is much higher than the reference value in that the Cu content is 6.4 times and the G material is 7.5 times or more.
[0012]
However, there is a proviso to this ministerial ordinance (Appendix 2), "At the time of the enforcement of this ministerial ordinance, the water supply facilities that were actually installed, from Article 1, item 2 ...・ These regulations do not apply to the facilities that do not meet the criteria specified in the above until the large-scale remodeling of the facility. " This is because even if the E, KA, KB, and G materials currently used do not conform to the standards of the ministerial ordinance, it cannot be said that it is immediately illegal and the actual situation of the actual equipment It is understood that the adjustment was made. This ministerial ordinance was promulgated in 2000, and it is considered that there is no retroactive effect of the law that makes illegal the equipment currently in use. However, it is no longer permissible to install the currently circulating equipment that greatly exceeds the standard values stipulated in the above-mentioned ministerial ordinances, not to mention newly installed water supply facilities. Obviously not. With environmental issues becoming a major concern for citizens, it is inevitable that facilities will become a critical check when ordering equipment.
[0013]
In addition, the detection of the leaching value specified by this ministerial ordinance is carried out by a so-called conditioning operation (the condition in which the surface of the test piece is immersed in the leaching solution for a predetermined time in advance and the leaching value is changed to a steady state, as instructed in the gazette) Is shown), but if it is clear that the leachate meets the standards without conditioning due to the material structure of the equipment, a proviso is added that the conditioning operation can be omitted. I have. In response to this, JWAA 108 2000 (water supply equipment leaching test method) established by the Japan Water Supply Association stipulates that "conditioning can be omitted, and in this case, it is replaced by washing with leachate three times after the washing operation". Have been.
[0014]
Therefore, it can be said at present that it is appropriate to discuss whether or not the leaching test without conditioning satisfies the Ministry of Health and Welfare standards as specified by the industry. However, it is not clear what kind of case the case where it is clear in advance that the leaching value conforms to the standard is. Actually, even in the results of the inventor's experiment, there may be a considerable difference between the leaching value without conditioning and the leaching value after conditioning, so strictly speaking, in terms of the material, conditioning before leaching test Is it difficult to clearly identify the necessity of this? It is said that the standard value itself has been reviewed with the target of 2003, and almost all commercial products cannot be exceeded at present, even in view of social trends that are raising hurdles for environmental and health regulations. Satisfying the reference leaching value after conditioning is one of the important issues.
[0015]
At the same time, as a water supply facility, there are cases where strength is required or toughness such as elongation is required depending on the application, but as a universally required numerical value, tensile strength of 315 MPa or more and elongation of 15% or more equivalent to JIS C3771 forged material A mechanical property that clears two items is desirable. This is a basic issue not only for suppressing the leaching action in contact with tap water, but also for materials that require a well-balanced strength and toughness, such as valve screw pieces, as a structural material that constitutes the water channel. It is.
[0016]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to a material capable of obtaining a leaching solution that completely satisfies a reference value in a leaching test after conditioning based on a ministerial ordinance, and a machine that satisfies JIS forging. The purpose of this project is to provide copper alloy water supply equipment and materials with characteristic properties.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The copper alloy-based water supply material according to the present invention includes Ni: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Sn: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Si: 0.25 to 0.50% by weight, and Mg: 0.30 to 0.60% by weight, with the remainder being Cu components. In the leaching test performed by the leaching test method based on the Japan Water Works Association, any metal component was determined by the Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance (2000 No. 15). The above-mentioned problem was solved by satisfying the mechanical properties of satisfying the tensile strength of 315 MPa and the elongation of 15% or more.
[0018]
In the present invention, as already described in the section of the subject, the management standard as a water supply equipment promulgated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare is used as a first selection line, and then a line is drawn with mechanical properties equivalent to JIS C3771 forged material. Sieved. As a candidate for the limiting component, a material occupying one of the main components of the conventional product, such as a brass-based material, which is expected to have a high leaching value of Zn, must be excluded. This is because Zn is a metal much lower in electricity than Cu, and when Cu and an aqueous solution coexist, there is always a great tendency to leach preferentially. However, even if Zn is largely reduced, if the content of Cu as the main component further increases, the problem solving method is hindered by the contradiction of how to suppress the leaching of Cu. From the viewpoint of the regulation of the leaching value, it is extremely strict to maintain the leaching value of Cu after conditioning at or below the upper limit of 0.1 mg / L in preliminary preliminary experiments. When included, it was found that it was difficult to clear the leaching reference value after conditioning. The only way to suppress this is to reduce Cu and replace it with a component that is not regulated (for example, Ni or Sn), or to suppress Cu leaching itself.
[0019]
The inventor chose Mg addition as a means to suppress the leaching of Cu and reach the standard. As is well known, the order of ionization tendency is determined for metal materials, from those with large ionization, which easily release electrons to stabilize the crystal lattice, and those with small ionization, which easily take in electrons and are stable. K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, (H), Bi, Sb, As, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, and Au are arranged in descending order. Has the largest ionization, and its unipolar potential is −1.55 eV, which is significantly larger than Zn (−0.762 eV) and Ni (−0.257 eV) when H is set to 0.00 as a standard, and +0.342 eV. The effect of suppressing the leaching of Cu is excellent. It is presumed that this Mg leaching inhibiting action was a factor that, despite the large amount of Cu contained, reversed the conventional empirical rule and kept the Cu leaching value after conditioning within the standard. However, since Mg is an activated metal having a large ionization tendency, the yield tends to vary depending on the molten metal condition. However, generally, the action of improving the tensile strength with an increase in the amount of addition and decreasing the elongation is performed. Therefore, its component range is set to 0.30% or more as the lower limit for the ability to suppress Cu leaching, and to 0.60% or less as the upper limit due to the decrease in toughness.
[0020]
Ni forms an all-solid solution with Cu and is composed of a face-centered cubic lattice having the same crystal structure, and thus is suitable for supporting one of the base materials. However, since Ni has a high material cost and a large amount of blending is an unavoidable factor that poses a major obstacle in practical use, Sn, which has been traditionally used as bronze, has been combined since ancient times. Particular attention was paid to the point that by replacing a part of Ni with Sn, the tensile strength was improved without lowering the elongation, and the technical foresight expected to play a role in compensating for the lack of mechanical strength. It was grounds. Since the atomic radii are Cu: 1.25 °, Sn: 1.52 °, and Ni: 1.25 °, a large crystal lattice strain does not occur in the Cu—Ni alloy, but the crystal lattice is formed by using the Cu—Ni—Sn alloy. It is considered that the strain increases and the movement of the dislocation is hindered, so that the tensile strength is improved.
[0021]
Bi has a remarkable effect of improving workability in machining a material. The above basic components are all component ranges obtained as the maximum requirement to completely satisfy the reference value in the leaching test after conditioning based on the ministerial ordinance. It is also true that there are many cases where further improvement is required. For example, in the boring step such as threading a female screw of a trapezoidal screw, there is a case where cutting powder continues for a long time and is entangled with each other in a hole to be compacted into a nodule and processing is impossible. 0.5 to 1.0% by weight is suitable for improving workability by Bi, and although there is no regulation of leaching of Bi itself, the content of more than that may affect the material strength and elongation. Is not desirable. Since Bi has a greater ionization tendency than Cu, it has a synergistic effect on the Cu leaching inhibiting function together with the Mg. In the presence of Bi, even with Mg: 0.054%, it is effective for inhibiting Cu leaching within the reference value. Records of additional experiments have been recorded.
[0022]
As a copper alloy, a Corson alloy (Ni: 2.0 to 6.0%, Si, Al, Zn, etc.) is known as a coexistence alloy with Ni in a copper alloy, and is famous as a high-strength material having high conductivity. The reason for the high strength is due to precipitation hardening of the Ni 2 Si compound, which is performed by solution treatment, quenching, tempering, and age hardening. However, the elongation decreases rapidly with the addition of Si, and there is a concern that the required toughness (target elongation: 15% or more) may be lost. Particularly, since Mg is required as described above, the upper limit is set to 0.50% of Si in order to suppress a decrease in toughness due to the synergistic action. The lower limit is set to 0.25% because it is necessary to secure a target tensile strength (315 MPa or more).
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The leaching test of the present invention was performed according to the notification (No. 45) issued at the same time as the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The main procedures are listed below.
{Circle around (1)} Adjustment of the leaching solution The reference water quality is adjusted by adding an effective chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, and calcium calcium solution to purified water purified by distillation, ion exchange, or the like.
(2) Washing The test material is washed with tap water and the purified water.
{Circle around (3)} Conditioning test materials (tubes, valves, joints, etc.) are filled with a liquid for leaching and sealed, and allowed to stand for 14 days, during which time the liquid for leaching is changed at least 9 times.
{Circle around (4)} Leaching The solution is filled with a leachate and sealed, and the leachate is collected after standing at this water temperature for 16 hours.
(5) Fill an empty test glass container or the like with the leaching solution and perform the same test as in (4) above.
(6) Analysis The difference between the analysis values obtained in (4) and (5) above is defined as the analysis value of this test material.
The analysis method is specified by each component, and for Zn, Cu, and Fe, flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP, ICP-MS, or absorption spectrometry is used. This analysis was performed by the ICP method.
[0024]
Table 2 shows the chemical components of Example 1 of the present invention, the JIS material of the prior art, and the commercially available water supply equipment. Table 3 shows the results of the leaching test after the conditioning for these materials. A part of Table 3 (JIS material, commercially available material) overlaps with Table 1 already described, but is reprinted for ease of comparison.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004052106
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004052106
[0027]
As a result of the above leaching test, only the test material of Example 1 completely cleared the standard value of the ministerial ordinance. The remaining JIS material and the conventional commercially available product each have a component of several times or several tens times, and the degree of deviation is extremely large. Although this is a copper-based alloy, the conventional regulation of the leaching of Cu is unclear unless the Cu component is kept below 70% by weight. In the case of a high-strength brass system containing Zn, there is a possibility of turbidity in tap water. This greatly exceeds the standard, suggesting that the high-strength type containing Fe is also likely to cause red water. It is undeniable that the reason why the leaching value can be lower than the standard even when the present invention contains 90% or more of Cu even after conditioning is due to the effect of suppressing the leaching of Cu by selective ionization with Mg. It is. In this leaching test, the contact ratio was set to 840 cm 2 / L, but in actual valve products, the contact ratio was about 400 cm 2 / L, so it is considered that the contact ratio is actually lower than the reference value. .
[0028]
Next, Table 4 checks mechanical properties and practicality. In the material test, a tensile strength of 315 MPa and an elongation of 15% of a material equivalent to JIS C3771 were targeted, and it was checked whether all of them could be cleared. On the other hand, practicality simply means cost, and is more directly equivalent to material cost. Although this element may be an element that should be handled in a different dimension from the invention, which is the creation of a technical idea, it is intentionally interpreted from the legal purpose of contributing to the development of industry and is added as a reference for selection. .
[0029]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004052106
[0030]
From this table, among the mechanical properties, all the test pieces satisfy the target value for elongation, while the tensile strength varies widely, and nearly half of the test pieces reach the target value. I couldn't do that. Among them, it can be appreciated that the embodiment of the present invention belongs to a high level and maintains a high strength next to JIS2. In terms of price, it is recognized that it is at an average level comparable to current commercial materials.
[0031]
In Example 2 in which Bi was added to the basic component, workability was improved. Mg: 0.054% by weight was remarkably lower than that in Example 1, but if the residual component could be maintained at 0.05%, conditioning was performed. It was confirmed that the later Cu leaching value (mg / L) was 0.009, satisfying the regulation value. Table 5 shows, as comparative examples, the workability of JIS forged material C3771, Example 1 of the present invention, and Example 2 of the present invention verified under the same conditions. The processing means was lathe processing, the target was a trapezoidal screw, and the center axis thereof was used. The holes were unified under the condition that a female screw with a pitch of 6 mm was threaded. The cutting depth was reduced by half in the radial direction in Example 1 compared with the comparative example of the prior art, and the number of rotations of the workpiece had to be reduced by half. However, in Example 2, the cutting depth was improved to a level almost comparable to that of the comparative example. The object rotation speed was also equivalent. The length of the chips (mm) was compared as a measure of workability. The length of Example 1 could not deny the possibility of causing a problem in boring, but the length of Example 2 was significantly improved in practical use. The above was evaluated as having improved to an extent that hardly caused any problem.
[0032]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004052106
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention suppresses the leaching of Cu itself without suppressing the content of Cu by replacing expensive Ni, and “Technical standards for water supply equipment” based on the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (current Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare). Was able to meet the material standards for "equipment in contact with water" specified in. Considering the global trend toward stricter regulations in the future, it is a material that anticipates the needs of the next generation and can withstand the strictest conditions (leaching value after conditioning) with relatively low material costs. That means having a very valuable effect on implementation.
[0034]
Further, by adding a small amount of Bi, the problem of workability that may have occurred in the case of a slight disadvantage compared to the prior art is improved to almost the same level, and the related invention that the leaching standard can be complied with is added. This has the effect of further increasing the industrial utility of the present invention.

Claims (2)

水道用資材として上水道の管路に使用する資機材において、Ni:2.0〜5.0重量%、Sn:2.0〜5.0重量%、Si:0.25〜0.50重量%、Mg:0.30〜0.60重量%、残りCuの成分よりなり、日本水道協会制定に基づく滲出試験法によって行なった浸出試験で、如何なる金属成分も厚生省令(平成12年第15号)に定める基準値を満足し、かつ、引張強さ315MPa、伸び15%以上の機械的性質も満足することを特徴とする銅合金系水道用資機材。In equipment used for water supply pipes as water supply materials, Ni: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Sn: 2.0 to 5.0% by weight, Si: 0.25 to 0.50% by weight , Mg: 0.30 to 0.60% by weight, with the remainder being Cu, and in the leaching test performed by the leaching test method based on the Japan Water Works Association, any metal component was ordered by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2000 No. 15). Characterized by satisfying the reference values defined in (1) and mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 315 MPa and an elongation of 15% or more. 請求項1において、前記基本成分のうち、Mg:0.05〜0.60重量%に変更すると共に、新たにBi:0.5〜1.0重量%を加えて、製品の機械加工性を向上したことを特徴とする銅合金系水道資材機材。2. The machinability of a product according to claim 1, wherein Mg is changed to 0.05 to 0.60% by weight of the basic components, and 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of Bi is newly added. Copper alloy-based water supply equipment that has been improved.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7819992B2 (en) 2005-06-21 2010-10-26 Kurimoto, Ltd. Copper alloy water supply member

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7819992B2 (en) 2005-06-21 2010-10-26 Kurimoto, Ltd. Copper alloy water supply member

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