JP2004029958A - Method for workability evaluation and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To evaluate an assembling work and a disassembling work with high precision and improved reliability by using evaluation indexes by products. <P>SOLUTION: A standard database 4 stores an environment A1 for reading component structure of a product, an environment A2 for setting component information, an environment A3 for setting respective elements of the assembling work and disassembling work, an environment A4 for selecting desired work elements of the assembling work and disassembling work together, an environment A5 for setting evaluation results of the assembling work and disassembling work, an environment A6 for reading trouble information from simulation results, and an environment A7 for relating the evaluation results and trouble information with each other; and evaluation indexes used to evaluate the assembling work and disassembling work are added, deleted, and altered, and then used to simulate the assembling work and disassembling work of a product, thereby calculating a man-hour, difficulty, and evaluation points. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention simulates, for example, each three-dimensional model of a production line, a jig and a tool, and evaluates a product assembling operation and a disassembly operation, or evaluates an assembling operation and a disassembly operation for each worker. And its device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The main method of evaluating the assemblability and disassembly of a product in a production line is to evaluate the product in accordance with an evaluation index set in advance based on the shape of the product and the work elements of the assembling and disassembling operations.
[0003]
In the manufacturing industry, global expansion has progressed, and product manufacturing that has been performed in Japan is now being performed around the world. For this reason, the conventional workability evaluation method, that is, assembly / disassembly without changing the evaluation index for each product, is based only on the information of the evaluation index set in advance based on the product shape and the work element of the assembly / disassembly work. In order to evaluate the workability, the evaluation of the assembly / disassembly workability is likely to lack its precision.
[0004]
Therefore, it is not possible to fully understand the difference in productivity of assembly and disassembly work for each product in various parts of the world, and it is not possible to obtain optimal assembly and disassembly workability for each product in each part of the world, thereby improving productivity. It is difficult to achieve.
[0005]
The same applies to the method of evaluating the assembling workability and the dismantling workability for each worker, and even more so, the evaluation of the assembling and dismantling workability of each worker in various parts of the world tends to lack precision. .
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in order to evaluate the assembling / disassembling workability without changing the evaluation index for each product, the evaluation of the assembling / disassembling workability tends to lack precision.
[0007]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a workability evaluation method and a workability evaluation method capable of evaluating an assembly operation and a disassembly operation with high accuracy and improved reliability using an evaluation index corresponding to each product.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a workability evaluation method for evaluating a product assembling operation and a dismantling operation by simulating a model simulating a product, a production line for producing the product, a jig and a worker in a three-dimensional virtual space. , A setting of an environment when evaluating an assembling operation and a disassembling operation is changeable, and the assembling operation and the disassembling operation of the product are evaluated using the evaluation index.
[0009]
The present invention provides the workability evaluation method, wherein the environment setting includes adding, deleting, and changing evaluation indices used for evaluating the assembling work and the dismantling work, and using the evaluation indices, man-hours for product assembling work and dismantling work. , Difficulty, and evaluation points.
[0010]
In the workability evaluation method according to the present invention, the environment setting includes at least an environment for reading a component configuration of a product, an environment for setting component information, and each element of an assembly operation and a disassembly operation. Environment, an environment for collectively selecting a desired operation element from the assembly operation and the disassembly operation, and an environment for setting an evaluation result of the assembly operation and the disassembly operation.
[0011]
According to the present invention, in the workability evaluation method, a defect in the assembling operation and the disassembly operation is read from the simulation result, and the defect is associated with the evaluation result, and the occurrence ratio of the defect is estimated.
[0012]
According to the present invention, in the workability evaluation method, the environment setting includes an environment for reading defect information from a simulation result and an environment for associating the evaluation result with the defect information.
[0013]
The present invention relates to a workability evaluation method for simulating a human body model simulating a worker in a three-dimensional virtual space to evaluate a product assembling work and a disassembling work by the worker. The environment setting can be changed, and the product assembling work and dismantling work are evaluated using the evaluation index.
[0014]
According to the present invention, in the above workability evaluation method, the evaluation of the assembling work and the disassembly work is simulated on the basis of the characteristics of the body part of the worker and the characteristics of the product. And dismantling evaluation.
[0015]
The present invention relates to a workability evaluation device that simulates a model simulating a product, a production line for producing the product, a jig and a tool in a three-dimensional virtual space, and evaluates a product assembling operation and a dismantling operation. A workability evaluation device, comprising: a database in which an environment for evaluating an assembling operation and a disassembly operation is stored; and an environment changing unit configured to change an environment set in the database. is there.
[0016]
According to the present invention, in the workability evaluation device, at least an environment for reading a component configuration of a product, an environment for setting component information, and each element of an assembly operation and a disassembly operation are set in the database. , An environment for collectively selecting a desired operation element from among the assembling work and the dismantling work, and an environment for setting evaluation results of the assembling work and the dismantling work, and various data.
[0017]
The present invention provides the workability evaluation device, wherein the environment changing means has a function of adding, deleting, and changing an evaluation index used for evaluating the assembling work and the disassembly work stored in the database. And an evaluation result calculating means for calculating man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points for assembling and disassembling operations of the product.
[0018]
According to the present invention, in the above workability evaluation apparatus, there is provided a failure calculating means for reading a failure in the assembling work and the disassembly work from the simulation result, associating the failure with the evaluation result, and estimating a failure occurrence ratio.
[0019]
According to the present invention, in the workability evaluation apparatus, the database stores data of an environment for reading defect information from a simulation result and an environment for associating the evaluation result with the defect information.
[0020]
The present invention relates to a workability evaluation device that simulates a human body model simulating a worker in a three-dimensional virtual space and evaluates the assembling and disassembling work of the product by the worker. A workability evaluation apparatus comprising: a database in which an environment is stored; and an environment changing unit configured to change settings of the environment stored in the database.
[0021]
The present invention provides the workability evaluation apparatus, wherein the simulation is performed based on the characteristics of the body part of the worker and the characteristics of the product, and an evaluation result calculating means for obtaining assembly time and disassembly time, assembly evaluation and disassembly evaluation from the simulation result. With.
[0022]
The present invention, in the workability evaluation device, in the database, the reach of the hand as the characteristic data of the body part of the worker, the hand width, the knob width, the hand rotation amount, the body rotation amount, The grip strength, the pushing power, the pulling power, the hearing power, the visual acuity of the eyes, the color discrimination power, and the night vision resolution power are stored and can be added, deleted, and changed.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0024]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of the workability evaluation device. A three-dimensional CAD (Computer Aided Design) 2 is connected to the arithmetic processing device 1 via, for example, a network 3. Further, a standard database 4 is connected to the arithmetic processing unit 1, and an input unit 5 such as a keyboard and a mouse, a display 6, and a printer 7 are connected to the arithmetic processing unit 1.
[0025]
The three-dimensional CAD 2 is for designing a product through dialogue with an operator, and stores a three-dimensional CAD model of the product created by the design and configuration data of each component constituting the product. This part configuration data is a parts table in which all parts constituting the product are arranged, and describes the association of the child parts with the parent parts. As the component configuration data, spreadsheet software (for example, Excel: registered trademark) is used.
[0026]
The standard database 4 stores environmental data (evaluation indices) for evaluating product assembling work and dismantling work. This environment is different for each product.For example, even in the case of screw tightening work, the screw size and screw tightening force are completely different between screw tightening work with precision equipment and screw tightening work with nuclear equipment. . Therefore, the standard database 4 stores an evaluation index for setting an optimum environment for evaluating the assembling work and the dismantling work of each product.
[0027]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, an environment A for reading a component configuration of a product is stored in the standard database 4. ₁ And environment A for setting component information ₂ And environment A for setting each element of the assembly work and the disassembly work ₃ And an environment A for collectively selecting a desired work element from the assembly work and the disassembly work ₄ And environment A for setting the evaluation result of the assembly work and the disassembly work ₅ And environment A for reading defect information from simulation results ₆ And environment A for associating the evaluation result with the defect information ₇ And are stored.
[0028]
Environment A for reading the component configuration of the product ₁ Is used to set items for reading necessary components from the component configuration data read from the three-dimensional CAD 2, and to set and save the rules for reading in the standard database 4, where the items are the names of the components that make up the product , Part code, part hierarchy, number of parts, extraction conditions, etc.
[0029]
Note that the component names are, for example, CPU, screws, connectors, etc., the component hierarchy is the parent-child relationship of each component, and the extraction conditions are those for reading the components necessary for assembling the product from the component configuration data read from the three-dimensional CAD 2. Condition. The rules to be read are rules adapted to read the component configuration data of the manufacturing plant in accordance with, for example, local rules that differ depending on each manufacturing plant.
[0030]
Environment A for setting part information ₂ Is to set and store in the standard database 4 component information including component types, material of components such as tapes and plastics, and surface treatments such as plating and painting.
[0031]
Environment A for setting each element of assembly work and dismantling work ₃ Is to set and save work elements such as maximum dimensions of parts and the like, part shapes, assembling methods, assembling directions and screw tightening in the standard database 4.
[0032]
Environment A for collectively selecting desired work elements from assembly work and dismantling work ₄ Is to set and save in the standard database 4 a key for collectively selecting work elements such as screw tightening, sticking and assembling. In this work element batch selection, for example, the same part is collectively selected from 2000 to 3000 parts. The environment A is for setting and storing association information between a worker and a work element in the standard database 4, for example. The association information between the worker and the work element includes, for example, the worker and the work element as a work element, for example, adding a hand in screw tightening work, tightening the screw from above, movement of the worker's hand when tightening the screw, and the like. Is associated with
[0033]
Environment A for setting evaluation results of assembly work and dismantling work ₅ Is to set and save the man-hour value and the work difficulty for each work element in the standard database 4. The work difficulty is defined in advance by numerical values such as slipperiness.
[0034]
Environment A for reading defect information from simulation results ₆ Is a rule for reading the defect data such as the number of defects, the defect ratio, the date of finding the defect, the defect level, the defect classification, the defect content, the person in charge of the defect countermeasure, and the completion date of the countermeasure for the defect into the standard database 4, The items to be read are set and stored in the standard database 4.
[0035]
Environment A for associating evaluation results with defect information ₇ Is for setting and storing in the standard database 4 association information such as the number of trouble occurrences, the trouble occurrence ratio, the trouble level, the trouble classification, the trouble contents, the work elements, the man-hours, the difficulty, the evaluation points, and the work procedures.
[0036]
The arithmetic processing unit 1 secures a work area B where an actual data work is performed when evaluating a product assembling work and a disassembling work based on the evaluation index stored in the standard database 4. The work area B may be in the standard database 4 or in the internal memory of the arithmetic processing device 1.
[0037]
The work area B includes the following areas B ₁ ~ B ₇ Is formed.
[0038]
Parts information area B ₁ Is an area for storing items selected by component type, component material, surface treatment such as plating and painting, and component information such as tape and plastic.
[0039]
Assembly and disassembly procedure area B ₂ Is an area for storing a work procedure created by rearranging the parent-child relationship of the component configuration data taken in from the three-dimensional CAD 2.
[0040]
Work element information area B ₃ Is an environment A for setting each element of the assembling work and the dismantling work in the standard database 4. ₃ This is an area for storing work elements such as the maximum dimension of parts and the like, the part shape, the assembling method, the assembling direction, the screw tightening, and the like set by the above.
[0041]
Defect information area B ₄ Is an area for storing defect data such as the date on which the defect was detected, the defect level, the defect classification, the defect content, the person in charge of the defect countermeasure, the completion date of the countermeasure for the defect, the number of defect occurrences, and the defect occurrence ratio.
[0042]
Association information area B ₅ Is an area for storing component information, work procedures, work element information, defect information, and the like as association information. For example, this is for associating the man-hours, difficulty, evaluation points, work procedures, and the like, which are the evaluation results, with the number of faults, the fault occurrence ratio, the fault level, the fault classification, and the fault contents, which are the fault information.
[0043]
Evaluation result area B ₆ Is an area for storing man-hours, difficulty, evaluation points, and the like calculated based on the component information, the work procedure, and the work element information of the work area B.
[0044]
Failure occurrence ratio area B ₇ Is an area for calculating the percentage of possible failures occurring in the development model based on the number of failures, the actual value of the percentage of failures, and the association of the failures, storing the calculation result, and displaying it on the display 5 or the like. is there.
[0045]
The arithmetic processing device 1 includes, in a three-dimensional virtual space, a line model simulating a production line, a product model simulating a product shape, a jig tool model simulating a jig and a tool for assembling and disassembling a product. A human body model is arranged, these models are simulated in a three-dimensional virtual space, the man-hours and difficulty of the work elements corresponding to the simulation are set, and the man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points for the assembly and disassembly work of the product are automatically set. It has a function to calculate the value.
[0046]
Further, the arithmetic processing unit 1 associates the man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points for the product assembling work and the dismantling work with the trouble information read from the simulation result, and determines the ratio of possible troubles in the product assembling work and the dismantling work. Has the function of estimating.
[0047]
Specifically, the arithmetic processing unit 1 has the following functions.
[0048]
The project creating means 8 selects a target product, for example, a personal computer, a mobile phone or a liquid crystal, for which the man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points for the assembling work and the disassembling work are determined, and stores a file corresponding to the selected product in the standard database 4. Has a function of creating by referring to the evaluation index stored in the work area B and the content stored in the work area B.
[0049]
The data reading unit 9 extracts and reads the component configuration data of the product selected by the project creation unit 8 from the three-dimensional CAD 2 in accordance with the read rules stored in the standard database 4 and reads the component configuration data into the component information area B ₁ It has a function to save it.
[0050]
The data rearranging means 10 is provided with the component information area B by the data reading means 9. ₁ Reads the component configuration data saved in the part configuration data, converts the parts table that associates the child parts with the parent parts in the component configuration data into work procedures by associating the parent parts with the child parts as the head, Assembly / disassembly procedure area B ₂ And has a function of displaying on the display 6.
[0051]
The environment changing means 11 has a function of changing an environment stored in the standard database 4, for example, a function of adding, deleting, and changing an evaluation index used for evaluating an assembly operation and a disassembly operation. , A work element batch selection function and a work element input function.
[0052]
The part input function displays a screen for selecting a part type, a part material, a surface treatment such as plating and painting on the display 6, and displays the selected item in the part information area B. ₁ It has a function to save it.
[0053]
The work element batch selection function displays a screen for selecting a work element batch selection key such as screw tightening, pasting, and assembly on the display 6 and displays the batch selection key and information of each work element in the evaluation result area B. ₆ And display the work element information on the display 6.
[0054]
The work element input function displays a screen for selecting a work element such as a part shape, an assembling direction, ancillary work on the display 6, and displays the selected item in the work element information area B. ₃ And display the work element information on the display 6.
[0055]
The evaluation result calculating means 12 arranges the line model, the product model, the jig / tool model, and the human body model of the operator in the three-dimensional virtual space, and stores the line model, the product model, the tool model, and the human body model in the work area B according to the environment stored in the standard database 4. The above models are simulated in a three-dimensional virtual space on the basis of the part information, work procedure, and work element information, and the man-hours and difficulty of the work elements corresponding to the simulation are set. Automatically calculates the man-hours, the difficulty, and the evaluation points with respect to the evaluation result area B. ₆ And has a function of displaying on the display 6.
[0056]
The defect calculating means 13 has a function of reading a defect in the assembling work and the disassembling operation from the simulation result in the evaluation result calculating means 12, associating the defect with the evaluation result, and estimating a defect occurrence rate. , A failure association function and a failure occurrence ratio calculation function.
[0057]
The failure reading function automatically reads the failure data from the simulation result of the evaluation result calculation means 12 according to the reading rules stored in the standard database 4 and reads the failure data in the failure information area B. ₄ It has a function to save it.
[0058]
The failure associating function associates the part information, the work procedure, the work element information, and the failure information with each other in accordance with a failure association rule stored in the standard database 4. ₅ It has a function to save it.
[0059]
The defect occurrence ratio calculation function calculates the occurrence ratio of defects that can occur in the product model under development based on the number of defects, the actual value of the defect occurrence ratio, and the defect association, and evaluates the defect occurrence ratio as an evaluation result. Area B ₆ And has a function of displaying on the display 6.
[0060]
The form output means 14 creates forms such as a parts assembly list, an evaluation data sheet, a screw number graph, etc., based on the man-hours, the degree of difficulty, the evaluation points, etc. calculated by the evaluation result calculating means 12, and displays these forms on the display 6. It has a function of displaying, using a spreadsheet software (for example, Excel), and printing out by the printer 7.
[0061]
Next, the operation of the apparatus configured as described above will be described with reference to the workability evaluation flowchart shown in FIG.
[0062]
The three-dimensional CAD 2 designs a product by interacting with an operator, and stores a three-dimensional CAD model of the product and configuration data of each part constituting the product. This part configuration data is a parts table in which all parts constituting the product are arranged, and describes the association of the child parts with the parent parts.
[0063]
In the three-dimensional CAD 2, for example, each component configuration data is created according to each local rule that differs depending on each manufacturing factory.
[0064]
When the operator inputs an operation for starting workability evaluation from the input unit 5, the project creating means 8 firstly obtains the man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points for the assembling work and the dismantling work, for example, a product to be evaluated, for example, as shown in FIG. A screen for selecting such a personal computer, a mobile phone or a liquid crystal is displayed on the display 7.
[0065]
When an operator selects and operates a personal computer from the input unit 5, for example, the project creating means 8 stores a file corresponding to the selected product (personal computer) in the standard database 4 in step # 1. The (evaluation index) is moved to the work area B and is created with reference to the contents. That is, the optimal evaluation index for evaluating the assembling work and the dismantling work of the personal computer selected by the operator is extracted from the standard database 4.
[0066]
Next, in step # 2, the data reading means 9 extracts and reads the component configuration data of the personal computer from the three-dimensional CAD 2 according to the read rule stored in the standard database 4, and stores the component configuration data in the component information area. B ₁ To save.
[0067]
Next, in step # 3, the data reordering unit 10 ₁ Is read, and the parts table in which the parent parts in the part configuration data are associated with the child parts is converted into a work procedure in which the parent parts are associated with the child parts. Then, the data rearranging means 10 converts the work procedure into an assembly / disassembly procedure area B. ₂ And display it on the display 6.
[0068]
FIG. 4 shows an example of a display screen of a work procedure in which the relationship of the child component to the parent component in the component configuration data from the three-dimensional CAD 2 is converted into the relationship of the parent component to the child component. On the display screen of the work procedure, in addition to actions such as the part name and the work content, the work procedure of each part is displayed as levels “1”, “2”,.
[0069]
FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the display screen of the work procedure. .. In the display screen of the work procedure, the level “1” indicates the main work, the level “2” indicates the sub-work relative to the main work of the level “1”, and the level “1” indicates the main work. “3” indicates a further sub-operation with respect to the sub-operation of the level “2”.
[0070]
On the display screen of the work procedure, serial numbers “1”, “2”,... Indicating the work procedure are given, the part name is displayed next, and the number of parts is displayed at the end.
[0071]
In the example of the display screen of the work procedure, first, in the work procedure “1”, the part 1100-22 is prepared, and assembly is started.
[0072]
In the operation procedure “2”, five screws Neji3000-23 are tightened.
[0073]
In the operation procedure "3", a part 1000--22 is prepared by sub-assembly.
[0074]
In the operation procedure “4”, three parts Part 1000-44 are attached.
[0075]
In the operation procedure "5", the part Part 1000-22 and the three parts Part 1000-44 pasted together are combined, and the sub-assembly part Assy2120-77 is incorporated into the main part.
[0076]
In the operation procedure "6", the standard parts Std 4000-91 are connected and the assembly is completed.
[0077]
Next, in steps # 4 to # 6, the environment changing means 11 adds, deletes, or changes a function for changing the environment stored in the standard database 4, for example, an evaluation index used for evaluating the assembling work and the dismantling work. I do.
[0078]
That is, in step # 4, the component input function newly inputs information of a component that is insufficient in the component configuration data from the three-dimensional CAD 2 for assembling a personal computer, for example. This component input function displays a screen for selecting a component type, a component material, a surface treatment such as plating or painting, etc. on the display 6 and receives an operation of the input unit 5 by an operator, and performs the operation of the missing component. The component type, component material, surface treatment such as plating and painting, etc. are displayed on the display 6 and the selected item is displayed in the component information area B. ₁ To save.
[0079]
FIG. 6 shows an example of a screen for inputting parts. The screen shows, for example, parts as parts type, PCB as type, PCB2 as key, parts 1 as parts name, and plastic as material as input by the operator. , Processing 1 and the like are newly set as the processing.
[0080]
In this part input screen, not only the input of the missing part information but also the type and type of the part, the key, the part name, and the part information already contained in the part configuration data from the three-dimensional CAD 2. , Material, processing, etc. can be changed or deleted.
[0081]
Next, in order to confirm what kind of work elements are involved in assembling the personal computer, for example, the work element collective selection function performs a step # 5 to select work elements such as screw tightening, sticking, and assembling. A screen for selecting the collective selection key is displayed on the display 6, and the information of the collective selection key and individual work elements is displayed in the evaluation result area B. ₆ And the work element information is displayed on the display 6.
[0082]
When, for example, screw tightening is designated among the work elements by the collective selection key displayed on the display 6, for example, all screw tightening operations performed in the assembly operation of the personal computer are extracted and displayed on the display 6.
[0083]
In step # 6, the work element input function displays a screen for selecting a work element such as a component shape, an assembling direction, and ancillary work on the display 6, and displays the selected item in the work element information area B. ₃ And the work element information is displayed on the display 6.
[0084]
Next, when the operator inputs an operation instruction to execute the evaluation from the input unit 5, the evaluation result calculation means 12 displays an evaluation input screen as shown in FIG.
[0085]
On this evaluation input screen, assembling work, for example, assembling 1, assembling 2, fastening, wiring, and the whole can be selected, and the evaluation index can be changed for each of these assembling works. In this evaluation input screen, for example, the evaluation index of the assembly 1 includes a maximum dimension, a component weight, a screw diameter dimension, a component shape, a component placement method, use of a jig, and preparation for assembly.
[0086]
Next, the evaluation result calculation means 12 arranges the line model, the product model, the jig / tool model, and the human body model of the worker in the three-dimensional virtual space in step # 7, and is stored in the standard database 4. Each of the models is simulated in a three-dimensional virtual space based on the component information, the work procedure, and the work element information stored in the work area B according to the evaluation index, and the man-hour and the difficulty of the work element corresponding to the simulation are set. Then, the man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points for the product assembling work and dismantling work are automatically calculated, and these man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points are evaluated in the evaluation result area B. ₆ And display it on the display 6.
[0087]
Next, the defect reading function of the defect calculating means 13 automatically reads the defect data from the simulation result of the evaluation result calculating means 12 in accordance with the reading rule stored in the standard database 4 in step # 8. The defect information area B ₄ To save.
[0088]
Next, in step # 9, the defect association function associates the part information, the work procedure, the work element information, and the defect information with the association information area B according to the defect association rules stored in the standard database 4. ₅ To save.
[0089]
Next, in step # 10, the defect occurrence ratio calculating function calculates a defect occurrence ratio that can occur in the product model under development based on the number of defect occurrences, the actual value of the defect occurrence ratio, and the defect association. The defect occurrence rate is evaluated in evaluation result area B. ₆ And display it on the display 6.
[0090]
Next, when an operation instruction for output of the evaluation result is input from the input unit 5 by the operator, the form output unit 14 uses the man-hours, the degree of difficulty, the evaluation points, and the like calculated by the evaluation result calculation unit 12 in step # 11. Then, forms such as a parts assembly list, an evaluation data sheet, a screw number graph, and the like are created, and these forms are displayed on the display 6 or displayed using a spreadsheet software (for example, Excel). Print out.
[0091]
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an evaluation result for each process, for example. As the evaluation result, for example, the number, evaluation points, difficulty, man-hours, number of operations, and the number of workers for each of the steps 1 to 6 of the product name test1 are displayed on the display 6 or printed out by the printer 7.
[0092]
Also, the form output means 14 is not limited to displaying the evaluation points, the degree of difficulty, the number of man-hours and the like in numerical values, but changes the display form, for example, represents each evaluation point, the degree of difficulty, the number of man-hours by a bar graph, or for each process. Not only the display but also a bar graph can be displayed for each assembly operation such as assembly 1, assembly 2, fastening, and wiring.
[0093]
As an example of evaluation of actual workability, a personal computer is assumed as an assembled product, for example.
[0094]
The personal computer is assumed to be composed of, for example, four parts (A, B, C, D) as a whole. The width, length, thickness, weight, and the like of each of the components A, B, C, and D serve as component information.
[0095]
When performing an assembling operation, on the three-dimensional CAD 2, a line model, a product model of a personal computer, a tool model, and a human body model of an operator are arranged in a three-dimensional virtual space.
[0096]
In the work procedure, for example, the human body model first reaches out to take part A and then reaches for the left hand. At this time, if the width of the part A is smaller than the width of the palm of the human body model and care is not required for carrying, the human body model can be held with one hand, but if the width of the part A is larger than the width of the palm of the human body model. If you need to be careful when carrying a human body model, you need two hands instead of taking it with one hand. Both hands require more effort than one hand and are expected to take longer.
[0097]
Similarly, the weight and thickness of the personal computer also becomes a problem. There are also environmental conditions of the production line and characteristics of the human body.
[0098]
Therefore, the relationship between the width of the part A and the width of the palm of the human body model, and the weight and thickness of the personal computer also become problems. In addition, the environmental conditions of the production line, the characteristics of the human body, and the like serve as evaluation indexes when assembling the personal computer.
[0099]
When a line model, a product model of a personal computer, a jig / tool model, and a human body model of an operator are placed in a three-dimensional virtual space and simulated based on the above component information and evaluation indices, the assembly work of the personal computer is performed. , Evaluation points, difficulty, man-hours, etc. are required.
[0100]
Another example of actual workability evaluation is, for example, an elongated cylindrical A part having a product size of 200 mm. The shape of the A part is asymmetric even when viewed from both the left and right directions and the vertical direction. These are component information.
[0101]
In the work procedure, the operator takes the A component placed on the component shelf, and then inserts the A component into the narrow hole obliquely from the side while avoiding the B component in front of the assembling location. In this operation, the operator works with both hands instead of one hand while avoiding the front parts. These become working elements. Note that this operation requires an operation time.
[0102]
Even with such parts information and work contents, a product, a production line for producing the product, a jig and a model simulating each of a worker are simulated in a three-dimensional virtual space to assemble and assemble the product. Evaluation points, difficulty, man-hours, and the like for dismantling work can be obtained.
[0103]
As described above, in the first embodiment, the environment A for reading the component configuration of the product into the standard database 4 is described. ₁ And environment A for setting component information ₂ And environment A for setting each element of the assembly work and the disassembly work ₃ And an environment A for collectively selecting a desired work element from the assembly work and the disassembly work ₄ And environment A for setting the evaluation result of the assembly work and the disassembly work ₅ And environment A for reading defect information from simulation results ₆ And environment A for associating the evaluation result with the defect information ₇ And add, delete, or change the evaluation index used to evaluate the assembling work and dismantling work, and simulate the product assembling work and dismantling work using the evaluation index to determine the man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points. Since the calculation is performed, the evaluation index can be changed for each product to evaluate the assembling / disassembling workability. Can evaluate dismantling work.
[0104]
Therefore, in the manufacturing industry where global development is progressing globally, by adding, deleting and changing each evaluation index stored in the standard database 4, differences in productivity of assembly and disassembly work for each product in various parts of the world. Thus, an optimum index can be set for each product in each region of the world, and optimal assembling / disassembling workability can be obtained for each product, thereby improving productivity.
[0105]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0106]
FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of the workability evaluation device. A product design information database 21 and a human body / body part database 22 are connected to the three-dimensional CAD 20. The product design information database 21 stores a three-dimensional CAD model of a product designed by an operator's interaction with the three-dimensional CAD 20 and configuration data of each component constituting the product. The component configuration data stores a plurality of data for each product.
[0107]
The human body part database 22 stores data on the characteristics of the body part of the worker. As shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C, for example, the data of the feature of the body part includes the reach of the hand (the length from the shoulder to the fingertip) D ₁ And the width of the hand (the length of the thumb and the little finger when the finger of one hand is fully spread) D ₂ And knob width (length between thumb and forefinger when picked up) D ₃ And the amount of hand rotation (rotation angle when one hand is turned horizontally) D ₄ And the amount of body rotation (rotation angle when the body is rotated left and right) D ₅ , Grip strength (left and right grip strength), push force (force to push one hand in the horizontal direction), pull force (power to pull an object with one hand), hearing power (power to distinguish sound), and eyesight (right and left Eyesight), color discrimination (color discrimination), night vision resolution (character resolution under twilight), and height and weight.
[0108]
The three-dimensional CAD 20 arranges, in a three-dimensional virtual space, a product model simulating a product shape and a human body model simulating a worker in the three-dimensional virtual space, and uses these product model and the human body model to create a product. It has a function as an evaluation result calculating means for performing a simulation of a product assembling operation and a disassembling operation by a worker according to the characteristics and the characteristics of the body part, and obtaining an assembling time, an assembling time, an assembling evaluation and an assembling evaluation from the simulation result. It has a program memory 23, a three-dimensional CAD model creation unit 24, and a CAD display unit 25.
[0109]
The program memory 23 stores an assemblability / disassembly program for simulating a product assembling operation and a disassembling operation by an operator by operating a product model and a human body model according to the characteristics of the product and the characteristics of the body part. I have. This assemblability / disassembly program is, as shown in FIG. 11, an assemblability program F for executing a product assembling operation. ₁ And a disassembly program F for executing dismantling work of the product ₂ And a human body model diagram creation program F for creating an individual human body model ₃ Consists of
[0110]
The three-dimensional CAD 20 is an environment change that enables addition, deletion, and change of the data of the characteristics of the body part of the worker stored in the body part database 22 as an evaluation index when evaluating the assembling work and the disassembling work. It has a function as a means.
[0111]
Next, the operation of the apparatus configured as described above will be described with reference to the assembly / disassembly evaluation flowchart shown in FIG.
[0112]
The three-dimensional CAD 20 designs a product by interacting with an operator, and stores a three-dimensional CAD model of the product and configuration data of each component constituting the product. This part configuration data is a parts table in which all parts constituting the product are arranged, and describes the association of the child parts with the parent parts.
[0113]
When the operator inputs an operation to start assemblability / disassembly evaluation from the input unit 5, the three-dimensional CAD 20 selects a product to be evaluated in step # 20 through dialogue with the operator. For example, a personal computer, a mobile phone, a liquid crystal, or the like is displayed on the screen of the CAD display unit 25 as a product, and a product to be evaluated is selected from these products by an operator.
[0114]
When a product is selected, the three-dimensional CAD 20 extracts the component configuration data of the product from all the component configuration data stored in the internal memory or the like, and stores the extracted data in the product design information database 21.
[0115]
Next, the feature data of the body part of the worker is input through a dialog with the operator. In step # 21, the three-dimensional CAD 20 fetches the feature data of the body part of the worker and stores it in the human body part database 22.
[0116]
The feature data of the body part is, for example, as shown in FIGS. ₁ And hand width D ₂ And knob width D ₃ And the amount of hand rotation D ₄ And the amount of body rotation D ₅ , Grip, pushing, pulling, hearing, eyesight, color discrimination, night vision resolution, etc. These are individual workers, and also workers around the world. It varies from individual to individual.
[0117]
Specific data is, for example, hand reach D ₁ (68), hand width D ₂ (20), knob width D ₃ (13) Hand rotation amount D ₄ (160), body rotation D ₅ (80), grip strength (42), pushing force (55), pulling force (41), hearing (40), eye vision (0.8), color discrimination (10), night vision resolution (100) It is.
[0118]
Here, with respect to the characteristic data of the body part of the worker already stored in the human body part part database 22, the data of the characteristic of the body part can be added, deleted, or changed.
[0119]
Further, as a condition of the worker, for example, when there is a part having a height of “15”, the worker cannot grasp the part with one hand, and data such as carrying the part to the work table with both hands is used. Stored in the database 22.
[0120]
Next, in the three-dimensional CAD 20, in step # 22, the order of assembling the products is determined. For example, the three-dimensional CAD 20 converts a parts table in which the parent part is associated with the child part in the component configuration data into a work procedure in which the child part is associated with the parent part and the work procedure is displayed on the display 6. To be displayed.
[0121]
In this assembling sequence, for example, assuming a radio assembly as a product of assembly, the radio product is assumed to be composed of, for example, three parts (X, Y, Z) as a whole. First, the worker extends his left hand to take the first part. Next, if the width of the part is smaller than the width of the hand of the worker, the worker takes the part with one hand. On the other hand, if the width of the part is larger than the width of the hand of the worker, the worker takes the part with both hands.
[0122]
Next, in step # 23, the three-dimensional CAD 20 determines an evaluation range, and in the above-described radio assembly, the relation between the weight, thickness, line environmental conditions of the radio component, and the physical characteristics of the worker is determined. Are the scope of the evaluation.
[0123]
Next, the three-dimensional CAD 20 weights the evaluation in step # 24.
[0124]
Next, in step # 25, the three-dimensional CAD 20 evaluates, for example, an assembly operation of a radio product. That is, the three-dimensional CAD 20 arranges a product model and a human body model of a worker in a three-dimensional virtual space, and uses the product model and the human body model to configure the parts of the product stored in the product design information database 21. According to the data and the characteristic data of the body part stored in the human body part database 22, a simulation is performed on the assembling work and the dismantling work of the product by the operator, and the assembly time and the dismantling time, the assembly evaluation and the dismantling are obtained from the simulation result. Get rating.
[0125]
That is, in the three-dimensional CAD 20, when a worker performs radio assembly work, a product model of a radio product and a human body model simulating the worker are displayed on a screen of the CAD display unit 25, and the product model and the human body model are displayed. Run and run simulation. In this simulation, the human body model of the worker extends his left hand to take the first part, and then, if the width of the part is smaller than the width of the worker's hand, the human body model of the worker takes the part with one hand . On the other hand, if the width of the part is larger than the width of the hand of the worker, the human body model of the worker takes the part with both hands.
[0126]
At this time, the three-dimensional CAD 20 scores the evaluation of the assembly work of the radio product according to the evaluation flowchart shown in FIG. That is, the three-dimensional CAD 20 selects the product and the characteristic data of the body part in step # 30, and selects a comparison element between the product and the characteristic data of the body part in the next step # 31.
[0127]
Next, in step # 32, the three-dimensional CAD 20 determines the maximum dimension of the product and the reach D of the work type. ₁ In the next step # 33, the width D of the product unit and the hand of the worker. ₂ And in the next step # 34, the height direction of the product unit and the knob width D of the operator ₃ Compare with.
[0128]
Next, in step # 35, the three-dimensional CAD 20 obtains an assembling time and an assembling evaluation result by performing relative evaluation based on the simulation result and the comparison result between the product and the characteristic data of the body part.
[0129]
Next, in step # 26, the three-dimensional CAD 20 displays the assembly time and the assembly evaluation result on the display 6, or displays it using a spreadsheet software (for example, Excel), or prints out with a printer. . The assembling time and the assembling evaluation result are not limited to being displayed by numerical values, but may be changed in display form, for example, represented by a bar graph.
[0130]
As described above, in the second embodiment, for example, the reach D of the hand is stored in the human body part database 22 as the characteristic data of the body part of the worker. ₁ And hand width D ₂ And knob width D ₃ And the amount of hand rotation D ₄ And the amount of body rotation D ₅ And a human body model that simulates a product model and a worker in a three-dimensional CAD 20 by preserving a grip force, a pushing force, a pulling force, a hearing force, an eyesight, a color discriminating power, and a night vision resolving power. Are arranged in a three-dimensional virtual space, and a simulation is performed on the assembling and disassembling operations of the product by the operator according to the characteristics of the product and the characteristic data of the body part. And disassembly evaluation, it is possible to evaluate the assembling work and dismantling work with improved reliability for each worker. From this evaluation result, select the worker with physical ability suitable for the product, and The user can select the product assembling operation and the dismantling operation according to the above, thereby improving the productivity of the product.
[0131]
Therefore, in the manufacturing industry where global development is progressing globally, select workers with physical ability tailored to products in various parts of the world, and select assembly work and dismantling work of products according to the characteristics of body parts This makes it possible to obtain optimal assembling / disassembling workability for each product in various parts of the world, thereby improving productivity.
[0132]
In addition, assembly workability and disassembly workability are evaluated based on the physical ability based on the characteristic data of the body part of the worker, but this does not discriminate against individual physical discrimination or disability. Improve product productivity by selecting workers who are suitable for product manufacture and selecting product assembling and disassembling operations according to the characteristics of the workers, without doing any ethnic disparity or ethnic discrimination. It is intended.
[0133]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described first and second embodiments, and can be variously modified in an implementation stage without departing from the gist of the invention.
[0134]
Furthermore, the above embodiments include inventions at various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriately combining a plurality of disclosed constituent features. For example, even if some components are deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment, the problem described in the column of the problem to be solved by the invention can be solved, and the problem described in the column of the effect of the invention can be solved. In the case where the effect is obtained, a configuration from which this configuration requirement is deleted can be extracted as an invention.
[0135]
For example, the present invention is not limited to assembling and disassembling products, but can be applied to any operation such as machine operation, inspection work, packing work, and the like. Furthermore, it can be applied to sports and performances.
[0136]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a workability evaluation method and apparatus capable of evaluating an assembly operation and a disassembly operation with high accuracy and improved reliability using an evaluation index corresponding to each product.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a workability evaluation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a workability evaluation flow and a workability evaluation processing status in the workability evaluation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a screen for selecting a target product in the workability evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a display screen diagram showing an example of a work procedure in the workability evaluation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a work procedure display screen in the workability evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a display screen diagram showing an example of performing component input in the workability evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an evaluation input screen in the workability evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an evaluation result for each process in the workability evaluation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a workability evaluation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing data of characteristics of a body part of a worker in the workability evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of an assemblability / disassembly program in a workability evaluation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an evaluation of assemblability and disassembly in a workability evaluation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is an evaluation calculation flowchart in the second embodiment of the workability evaluation apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: arithmetic processing unit
2: 3D CAD
3: Network
4: Standard database
5: Input section
6: Display
7: Printer
8: Project creation method
9: Data reading means
10: Data sorting means
11: Environmental change means
12: Evaluation result calculation means
13: Failure calculation means
14: Form output means
A ₁ : Environment for reading the component configuration of the product
A ₂ : Environment for setting component information
A ₃ : Environment for setting each element of assembly work and disassembly work
A ₄ : Environment for selecting desired work elements at once
A ₅ : Environment for setting evaluation results of assembly work and dismantling work
A ₆ : Environment for reading defect information from simulation results
A ₇ : Environment for associating evaluation results with defect information
20: 3D CAD
21: Product design information database
21: Human body part database
23: Program memory
24: 3D CAD model creation unit
25: CAD display section

Claims (10)

In a workability evaluation method for evaluating a product, a production line for producing the product, a model simulating a jig and a worker in a three-dimensional virtual space, and evaluating assembly and disassembly work of the product,
A workability evaluation method, wherein setting of an environment for evaluating the assembling work and the disassembling work is changeable, and the assembling work and the disassembling work of the product are evaluated using the evaluation index. The environment setting adds, deletes, and modifies an evaluation index used for evaluating the assembling work and the disassembly work, and calculates man-hours, difficulty, and evaluation points of the assembly and disassembly work of the product using the evaluation index. The workability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein: In the environment setting, at least an environment for reading the component configuration of the product, an environment for setting the component information, an environment for setting each element of the assembly work and the disassembly work, 2. An environment for collectively selecting a desired operation element from the assembly operation and the disassembly operation, and an environment for setting evaluation results of the assembly operation and the disassembly operation. Workability evaluation method described. The workability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein a defect in the assembling work and the disassembling operation is read from the simulation result, is associated with the evaluation result, and an occurrence ratio of the defect is estimated. The workability evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the environment setting includes an environment for reading the defect information from the simulation result and an environment for associating the evaluation result with the defect information. A workability evaluation method for simulating a human body model simulating a worker in a three-dimensional virtual space to evaluate a product assembling work and a disassembling work by the worker,
A workability evaluation method, wherein setting of an environment for evaluating the assembling work and the disassembling work is changeable, and the assembling work and the disassembling work of the product are evaluated using the evaluation index. The evaluation of the assembling work and the disassembly work is performed by simulating based on the features of the body part of the worker and the features of the product, and obtaining assembly time and disassembly time, assembly evaluation and disassembly evaluation from the simulation result. The workability evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein: In a workability evaluation apparatus for simulating each model simulating a product, a production line for producing the product, a jig and a tool in a three-dimensional virtual space, and evaluating an assembling work and a dismantling work of the product,
A database storing an environment for evaluating the assembling work and the dismantling work,
Environment changing means for changing the environment set in the database,
A workability evaluation device characterized by comprising: The database includes at least an environment for reading a component configuration of the product, an environment for setting the component information, an environment for setting each element of the assembling work and the disassembling work, and An environment for collectively selecting a desired work element from the work and the disassembly work, an environment for setting evaluation results of the assembly work and the disassembly work, and various data are stored. The workability evaluation device according to claim 8, wherein In a workability evaluation apparatus for simulating a human body model simulating a worker in a three-dimensional virtual space to evaluate a product assembling work and a disassembling work by the worker,
A database storing an environment for evaluating the assembling work and the dismantling work,
Environment changing means for changing the setting of the environment stored in the database;
A workability evaluation device characterized by comprising:

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