JP2004020057A - Control panel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve a control panel in which it is easy for a user to understand control procedures and it is easy for the user to understand the functions of control switches in the design of the control panel. <P>SOLUTION: In this control panel provided with a timer reserving function and other functions, a plurality of control switches for controlling functions are arranged. Function displays of reserving switches contain a function name and a character of a reservation according to a timer reservation. The control procedures of the control switches according to the reserving control execute a timer time setting after executing the usual control procedures of the function according to the reserving control. The timer time setting is established independently of whether the timer establishing control is executed or not after setting the timer time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００３４】
続いて、作業課題毎に試験用操作パネル毎の操作エラーの発生数または発生率を記録する（＃１３４）。表２は、試験用操作パネルＧのユーザビリティテストに於ける操作エラーの内容を解析した結果の例であり、作業課題毎に操作エラーの内容を分類し、その発生件数を記載している。一つの作業課題に対し複数種類の内容の操作エラーが発生している場合には、その全てを記載し、操作エラーの内容毎に発生件数を算定している。尚、本実施例では、作業課題毎に操作エラーの内容を分類しているが、操作エラーの内容毎に分類しても良いし、設計ガイドラインを構築するのに適した他の基準を用いてもよい。また、解析結果について発生件数を用いて表しているが、発生率を用いて表しても良いし、両方を用いても良い。さらに、解析結果の項目及び内容は作業課題及びエラー内容に限らず、操作エラーの特定及び解析を実施するのに適切なものであればよいし、適宜項目を追加してもよい。
【００３５】
【表２】

【００３６】
設計ガイドライン構築工程に於いて、ユーザビリティテストの結果より、操作エラーを誘発する設計要素の特定とその解析とを実施して（＃１３５）、前記作業課題毎に設計指標を作成し、設計ガイドラインを構築する（＃１３６）。操作エラーを誘発する設計要素の特定と解析は、具体的には、工程＃１３４で操作パネル毎に分類され記録された操作エラーの内容に基づいて、操作エラーの頻発する試験用操作パネルと、操作エラーが殆ど発生していない試験用操作パネルとを比較して行われる。
【００３７】
図１９から図２２は、本実施例で構築された設計ガイドラインの例であり、設計指標夫々に対し、チェック項目、重要度、好例及び悪例、エラー内容及び発生数が記されている。本実施例では、基本操作６項目、脱衣室機能１項目、電池交換１項目、応用操作５項目の計１３項目の設計指標（設計指標ａ〜ｍ）を作成したが、ここでは、１３項目の設計指標の内、重要度が１０を超えている５項目（設計指標ａ、ｄ、ｇ、ｊ、ｋ）について開示した。尚、図１９から図２２に示す設計ガイドラインは、後に説明する工程＃１３９に於ける設計ガイドラインの再構築を実施した後の設計ガイドラインであり、特に、開示した設計指標の内の設計指標ｊ、ｋについては、従来の浴室暖房乾燥装置に於いて、操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を解決する構造を有する操作パネルが存在しておらず、推奨案に於いて操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を解決する構造が提示された。
【００３８】
図１９から図２２に示すように、本実施例に於ける設計ガイドラインは、設計指標毎に、操作パネル設計の好例及び悪例の少なくともいずれか一方を示している。操作パネル設計の好例及び悪例の例示方法は、例えば、操作エラーを誘発する設計要因夫々について、操作エラーの発生数の少ない試験用操作パネルの設計要素を好例とし、操作エラーの多発する試験用操作パネルの設計要素を悪例とする事等が考えられる。尚、好例及び悪例は、可能な限り図面等で表し、設計者にとって視覚的に分かり易く誤解を与えない形で示されている事が望ましい。
【００３９】
また、本実施例では、設計指標夫々に重要度を付加している。尚、重要度は、対応する設計指標に係る作業課題に対する操作エラーの発生数または発生率に基づいて決定される。具体的には、例えば、設計指標を満たす事による改善度を重要度とする事が考えられ、操作エラーの最大発生数より、操作エラーの最小発生数を差し引いた数を重要度として設定する。
【００４０】
尚、本実施例では、既存の８種類の設計の相異なる操作パネルを用いてユーザビリティテストを実施しているが、試験用操作パネルのサンプル数が少なく、このような場合には、操作エラーの最大発生数が多く最小発生数が少ない設計指標だけでなく、操作エラーの最大発生数及び最小発生数の両方の値が大きい設計指標や、両方の値が小さい設計指標もある。操作エラーの最大発生数及び最小発生数の両方の値が大きい場合には、操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を解決する構造を有する試験用操作パネルが存在しない事を示していると考えられ、操作エラーの最大発生数及び最小発生数の両方の値が小さい場合には、操作エラーを軽減する上で重要な設計指標ではない事も考えられる。ここで、操作エラーの最大発生数及び最小発生数の両方の値が大きい設計指標については、推奨案の検証を実施した場合に、新たに、操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を解決する構造を有する推奨案が提示される事も有り得る。尚、本実施例では、設計指標ｊ、ｋがこれに相当する。この様な場合には、後に説明する工程＃１３９で設計ガイドラインの再構築がなされた後、操作エラーの最小発生数が小さくなり、重要度の値が高い値に修正される。従って、操作エラーの発生数及び最小発生数の両方の値が大きい設計指標の重要度が、操作エラーの発生数及び最小発生数の両方の値が小さい設計指標の重要度より、高くなるように重み付けを施しても良い。
【００４１】
尚、本実施例では、少なくとも浴室暖房乾燥装置を操作する操作パネルについてユーザビリティテストを実施し、設計ガイドラインを設計しているが、設計ガイドラインは、特定の機能を備える操作パネルを対象として作成されてもよいし、複数種類の操作パネルや操作パネル全体を対象として作成されてもよい。
【００４２】
推奨案作成工程に於いて、工程＃１３６で構築された設計ガイドラインを用い、設計対象操作パネルに要求される作業課題の内、設計ガイドラインに含まれ、且つ、重要度が所定の値より大きい作業課題については、設計指標に基づいて設計を行う（＃１３７）。本実施例では、推奨案として、図９及び図１０に示す天井カセット式（天井埋め込み式）の浴室暖房乾燥装置の操作パネルＸ及び操作パネルＹ、図１１に示す壁掛け式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の操作パネルＺを作成した。また、設計対象操作パネルの設計を製造メーカーに委託する場合には、図１９から図２２に示す設計ガイドラインに含まれる設計指標の内、重要度が一定値、例えば１０を超える設計指標を操作パネルの製造メーカーに開示する事により、重要度が１０を超える設計指標を満たす操作パネルを実現する。尚、製造メーカーに開示される設計指標の重要度は１０以外の適切な値であってよいし、製造メーカーに開示される設計指標を重要度以外の別の基準に従って選定してもよい。尚、製造メーカーに対し全ての設計指標を開示しても良いが、設計指標の数が非常に多くなる事が予想される事や、設計ガイドラインには操作エラーの軽減があまり期待できない設計指標も含まれる事から、重要とみなされる設計指標を選定して製造メーカーに開示する事が望ましい。
【００４３】
続いて、工程＃１３６で構築された設計ガイドラインを用い、工程＃１３７で設計された操作パネルに要求される作業課題の内、設計ガイドラインに含まれる作業課題の設計指標を満たしているか否かを確認する。さらに、複数の被験者に対し、設計された操作パネル毎に要求される作業課題を課し、作業課題毎の操作を行わせ、作業課題毎に操作エラーの発生数または発生率を確認し、操作達成率向上を確認する（＃１３８）。ここで、本実施例に於ける推奨案の検証を行う被験者は、全員、当該推奨案の検証で使用する操作パネルに対応する暖房乾燥装置を所持しておらず、使用経験がない被験者であり、ユーザビリティテストの被験者とは別の個体が選ばれた。その構成は、主婦５名（４０歳代）、高齢者（６５から８０歳）の男女５名であり、表３は主婦５名の年齢と高齢者の年齢及び性別とを示している。
【００４４】
【表３】

【００４５】
尚、本実施例に於いて、設計対象操作パネルの設計を製造メーカーに委託する場合には、操作パネルの製造メーカーに開示される設計ガイドライン項目は、重要度が１０を超えるもののみであるが、設計指標を満たしているか否かの確認は、製造メーカーに開示した設計指標だけでなく、他の重要度が低い設計ガイドライン項目に関しても実施する。
【００４６】
ここで、推奨案の検証の実施によって、新たに操作エラーを誘発する重要な設計要因が特定される場合や、操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を解決する構造を有する試験用操作パネルが存在しなかった設計指標について、当該操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を解決する構造を有する推奨案が提示される場合もあり得る事から、検証案の検証は可能な限り実施される事が望ましい。尚、この様な場合に、設計ガイドラインの設計指標の追加や、既にある設計指標（内容、重要度、好例及び悪例の提示内容、エラー発生数または発生率の内の任意の項目）の修正を実施する事が望ましい場合には、適宜設計ガイドラインの再構築を実施する（＃１３９）。尚、本実施例では、設計指標ｊ、ｋがこれに相当し、夫々の重要度が高い値に修正された。尚、推奨案の検証の実施によって、設計ガイドラインの設計指標を追加または修正をする必要がない場合には、工程＃１３９は実施されない。
【００４７】
以上より、上述した設計手法を用いる事により、設計者にとって把握し易く利用し易い設計ガイドラインを構築し、浴室暖房乾燥装置等を使用した事の無い利用者にとっても理解し易く、マニュアル無しでも操作を完了させる事のできる操作パネルを実現する事ができる。
【００４８】
次に、本実施例に於ける設計ガイドラインを用いて設計された設計対象操作パネル（本発明に係る操作パネルの一例）について説明する。図９及び図１０は、天井カセット式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の設計対象操作パネルの推奨案（操作パネルＸ及び操作パネルＹ）を、図１１は壁掛け式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の設計対象操作パネルの推奨案（操作パネルＺ）を夫々示している。尚、推奨案は夫々、図１９から図２２に示す設計ガイドラインの重要度が１０を超える設計指標の内、特に、操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を解決する構造を有する試験用操作パネルが存在しなかった設計指標ｊ、ｋについて、該当するものについては全て満足するように設計され、付加的に他の設計指標をも満足するように設計されている。
【００４９】
操作パネルＸ、Ｙ、Ｚは夫々タイマ予約機能を備えた操作パネルである。操作パネルＸ、Ｙ、Ｚの予約スイッチ１０１、１１１、１２１の機能表示は暖房予約（タイマ予約に係る機能名と予約の文字）となっており、予約スイッチとタイマ予約に係る機能との対応関係が明確に構成され、設計指標ｊを満足するように設計されている。また、操作パネルＸ、Ｙ、Ｚは、予約操作に係る操作用スイッチの操作手順が、予約操作を開始するための予約スイッチを操作した後にタイマ時間設定を実行するように構成され、タイマ時間設定後、タイマ確定操作を実施するか否かに拘らず、タイマ時間の設定が確定する構成になっており、設計指標ｋを満足するように設計されている。
【００５０】
操作パネルＸ及びＹは浴室の空調暖房機能（暖房、乾燥、涼風、換気）及び脱衣室の空調暖房機能（暖房、暖房予約、換気）の２つの操作区分（浴室及及び脱衣室）に対する機能を備える操作パネルであり、浴室及び脱衣室の換気機能は、２つの操作区分に共通して用いられる機能である。操作パネルＸ及びＹに於いて、浴室及び脱衣室の操作区分の夫々独立して設けられた機能に対応するスイッチ群（換気機能以外の浴室の空調暖房装置に備えられた機能を一つの操作区分とし、これらを操作するためのスイッチ群１０３、１１３と、換気機能以外の脱衣室の空調暖房装置に備えられた機能を一つの操作区分とし、これらを操作するためのスイッチ群１０４、１１４）が、操作区分毎に、前記操作パネルの同一表面上に於いて視覚的に他と区別できる単一領域内に一塊に分割配置されている。また、操作パネルＸでは、スイッチ群１０３及び１０４の領域の左側の辺が、上下に一直線上に配置され、操作パネルＹでは、スイッチ群１１３及び１１４の領域の上辺が、左右に一直線上に配置されており、設計指標ｇを満足するように設計されている。
【００５１】
さらに、操作パネルＸ、Ｙ、Ｚは、操作パネルの表面上に配置される操作用スイッチ上に対応する機能表示が付され、運転停止スイッチ１０２、１０３、１０４が単機能として設けられており、設計指標ａ、ｄを満足するように設計されている。
【００５２】
上述した設計ガイドラインの設計指標の内、特に、重要度が１０以上の設計指標、即ち、予約スイッチの機能表示がタイマ予約に係る機能名と予約の文字を含む事（設計指標ｊ）、予約操作に係る操作用スイッチの操作手順が、予約操作を開始するための予約スイッチを操作した後にタイマ時間設定を実行するように構成され、且つ、タイマ時間設定後、タイマ確定操作を実施するか否かに拘らず、タイマ時間の設定が確定する事（設計指標ｋ）、複数の操作区分の夫々独立して設けられた機能に対応するスイッチ群が、操作区分毎に、操作パネルの同一表面上に於いて視覚的に他と区別できる単一領域内に一塊に分割配置され、同じ相対位置にある領域の境界ラインの少なくとも一辺が、上下または左右に一直線上に配置されている事（設計指標ｇ）、操作パネルの表面上に配置される操作用スイッチは、対応する機能表示を有する場合、当該機能表示が、他の機能表示より近くに配置される事（設計指標ａ）、運転停止スイッチが単機能として設けられている事（設計指標ｄ）については、ユーザビリティテストに於いて操作エラーの発生数（発生率）が高い事から、これらの設計指標は、利用者にとって、タイマ予約機能に係る操作手順、操作用スイッチと対応する機能との対応関係、操作用スイッチと対応する機能表示との対応関係、運転停止に係る操作手順の理解し易く把握し易い操作パネルを実現するのに重要な指標であると言える。特に、設計指標ｊ、ｋについては、試験用操作パネル、つまり従来の設計パネルには操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を適切に解決する構造が備わっていなかった事から、これらの設計指標の内少なくとも１つを満たす事によって操作エラー発生数または発生率の軽減の効果が期待でき、利用者の操作達成率の高い操作パネルを実現する事ができる。
【００５３】
次に、比較例として、本実施例に於けるユーザビリティテストで使用した従来の試験用操作パネルについて説明する。
図１から図３夫々に示す試験用操作パネルＡ、Ｂ、Ｃは、暖房機能、乾燥機能、換気機能、涼風機能を備えた壁掛け式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の操作パネルである。試験用操作パネルＡは、暖房機能、乾燥機能、換気機能の通常運転に係る各通常運転スイッチを繰り返し操作する事により運転状態が変更され（換気機能では強、弱、涼風の順に変更）、夫々の運転状態に対応する表示ランプが点灯する構成になっている。尚、機能表示「換気」に対応する通常運転スイッチ１１について、機能表示「換気」より運転状態表示「涼風」を近くに配置しているため、通常運転スイッチ１１の機能が「換気」であるのか「涼風」であるのかが利用者にとり判別し辛くなっている（設計指標ａを満足していない）ため、誤って他の操作スイッチを押す操作エラーがみられた。
【００５４】
試験用操作パネルＢでは、電池を入れる向きが理解しやすいように表示されていなかった（電池交換についての設計指標を満足していない）ため、電池交換の際に電池の向きを逆にセットする操作エラーがみられた。試験用操作パネルＣは、各操作用スイッチ及び対応する機能表示が等しい間隔を置いて配置されている（設計指標ａを満足していない）ため、各操作用スイッチに対応する機能表示が上下のどちらの機能表示であるかを判別し辛くなっており、誤って他の操作スイッチを押す操作エラーが多数みられた。
【００５５】
図４から図６夫々に示す試験用操作パネルＤ、Ｅ、Ｆは、暖房機能、乾燥機能、換気機能、涼風機能、暖房予約機能を備えた壁掛け式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の操作パネルであり、各操作用スイッチ上に対応する機能表示が付されている構成になっている。また、予約操作中、一定期間継続して入力操作が行われないと自動的に予約操作設定モードを終了する構成であり、その期間は試験用操作パネルＤ及びＥで１０秒、試験用操作パネルＦで３０秒である。
【００５６】
尚、試験用操作パネルＤ、Ｅ、Ｆ共に、暖房予約機能に於いて、予約スイッチ４２、５２、６２は、通常運転スイッチ４１、５１、６１と明確に区別されておらず、予約スイッチの機能表示にはタイマ予約に係る機能名が付されていない（設計指標ｊを満足していない）ため、予約操作中に通常運転操作スイッチ４１、５１、６１を押すエラーが発生した。また、操作手順が統一された構成、つまり予約操作に係る操作用スイッチの操作手順が、予約操作を開始するための予約スイッチ４２、５２、６２を操作した後にタイマ時間設定を実行し、タイマ時間設定後、タイマ確定操作を実施するか否かに拘らず、タイマ時間の設定が確定する構成になっていない（設計指標ｋを満足する構成になっていない）ため、タイマ予約操作を完了できない操作エラーが多数発生した。
【００５７】
図７及び図８に示す試験用操作パネルＧ、Ｈは、暖房機能、乾燥機能、換気機能、涼風機能、暖房予約機能を備えた天井カセット式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の操作パネルであり、各操作用スイッチ上に対応する機能表示が付されている構成になっている。
【００５８】
尚、試験用操作パネルＧ、Ｈ共に、暖房予約機能に於いて、予約スイッチ７２、８２は通常運転スイッチ７１、８１と明確には区別されておらず、予約スイッチ７２、８２の機能表示７３、８３は、「予約」、「タイマー」等の文字はあるが、予約の対象となる機能名が明示されておらず（設計指標ｊを満足していない）、予約操作中に通常運転スイッチ７１、８１を押すエラーが発生した。また、予約操作を開始するための予約スイッチを操作した後にタイマ時間設定を実行するように構成されておらず、タイマ時間設定後、タイマ確定操作を実施するか否かに拘らず、タイマ時間の設定が確定する構成になっていない（設計指標ｋを満足していない）ため、タイマ予約操作を完了できない操作エラーが発生した。試験用操作パネルＧには、運転停止スイッチが単機能として設けられていない（設計指標ｄを満足していない）ため、運転停止に係る操作手順が分かり辛くなっており、運転を停止する方法が分からず、運転を停止できないエラーが発生した。
【００５９】
尚、試験用操作パネルＧ及びＨには、脱衣室の空調暖房機能が備えられている。試験用操作パネルＧは、浴室及び脱衣室で共通して用いる機能、ここでは換気機能を操作する操作用スイッチ７４が備えられており、浴室及び脱衣室の換気機能以外の独立して備えられた機能を操作するスイッチ群７５、７６が夫々、視覚的に他と区別できる単一領域内に一塊に分割配置されているが、スイッチ群７５、７６夫々の配置は乱雑で、同じ相対位置にある夫々の領域の境界ラインの少なくとも一辺が、上下または左右に一直線上に配置される構成になっていない（設計指標ｇを満足していない）ため、誤って他の操作スイッチを押す操作エラーが多数みられた。尚、試験用操作パネルＨは、浴室及び脱衣室（操作区分の一例）に係る機能が夫々完全に独立して設けられている（２つ以上の操作区分で共通して使用される機能を操作する操作用スイッチが設けられていない）操作パネルであり、設計指標ｇを満たしている。
【００６０】
従って、設計指標ｇは、２つ以上の操作区分で共通して使用される機能を操作する操作用スイッチが設けられているか否かに拘らず重要な設計指標であるが、特に、２つ以上の操作区分で共通して使用される機能を操作する操作用スイッチが設けられている操作パネルについては、スイッチ群と操作区分との関係を明確にし、利用者が操作用スイッチを混同して操作しないために、重要な設計指標であると言える。
【００６１】
続いて、推奨案操作パネル及び試験用操作パネル夫々のガイドライン得点について説明する。ガイドライン得点は、ガイドライン項目毎の得点の合計（仕様を満たしている設計指標の重要度の合計）の、満点の値（操作パネルに要求される全ての設計指標の合計点）に対する割合で表されている。図１３は、試験用操作パネル及び推奨案操作パネルの夫々について、ガイドライン項目毎の得点（重要度の値）、その合計、満点の値、正規化し満点を１００とした時の得点を示している。ここで、本実施例では、設計ガイドラインの設計指標毎の得点は、試験用操作パネル及び推奨案操作パネル夫々が、各設計指標を満たしている場合にはその重要度を点数として加算し、各設計指標を満たしていない場合には０としている。各試験用操作パネル及び推奨案操作パネルに要求されない設計指標については“−”で示されている。また、各試験用操作パネル及び推奨案操作パネルに要求される設計指標は夫々異なるため、ユーザビリティテストで実施される作業課題の項目数も試験用操作パネル及び推奨案操作パネル夫々で異なり、満点の値も試験用操作パネル及び推奨案操作パネルで夫々異なる値となる。試験用操作パネル及び推奨案操作パネル夫々の比較を容易にするために、正規化して満点を１００点とした場合の得点を示している。
【００６２】
図１３より、従来の操作パネル（試験用操作パネル）については設計ガイドライン得点が低く、推奨案の操作パネルＸ、Ｙ、Ｚについては設計ガイドライン得点が高くなっている事から、推奨案の操作パネルＸ、Ｙ、Ｚには設計指標夫々に対し改善が加えられている事が確認できる。尚、設計指標ｊ、ｋについては、試験用操作パネルＡ〜Ｈ、つまり従来の設計パネルには、操作エラーを誘発する設計要因を適切に解決する構造が備わっていないと言える。
【００６３】
次に、推奨案操作パネル及び試験用操作パネルの、作業課題達成率と使いやすさの主観申告値と設計ガイドライン得点との相関関係について説明する。表４は、推奨案の操作パネル及び試験用操作パネル夫々のガイドライン得点、使いやすさの主観申告の結果、基本操作達成率及び応用操作達成率の結果を示している。ガイドライン得点は正規化して１００点を満点とした時の値を示し、基本操作達成率及び応用操作達成率の単位は％で、高齢者及び主婦及び被験者全員について示している。操作パネルＡ〜Ｃにはタイマ予約機能を備えてられていない為、応用操作達成率（タイマ予約に係る機能に対する操作課題の達成率）は“−”としている。
【００６４】
【表４】

【００６５】
表４の結果より、ガイドライン得点と基本操作達成率との相関係数は０．９０（高齢者のみの場合には０．９４）、ガイドライン得点と使いやすさの主観申告値との相関関係は０．８４であり、この事から、推奨案３機種を含めたガイドライン得点と、基本操作達成率及び使いやすさの主観申告値との間には強い相関関係があるといえる。従って、上述した設計手法により、設計ガイドラインを作成し、その設計指標に基づいて操作パネルの設計を行う事により、ユーザビリティの高い操作パネルを実現できる事が確認できた。
【００６６】
次に、ユーザビリティテストに於ける作業課題達成率と使いやすさの主観申告値と設計ガイドライン得点との相関関係について説明する。
図１４及び図１５は、ユーザビリティテストに於ける作業課題の操作状況（操作達成率）を試験用操作パネル毎に主婦及び高齢者夫々について示している。ここで、操作達成率は作業課題を完了する事ができた被験者の割合を示している。尚、本実施例では、ユーザビリティテストに於いて、被験者夫々の各作業課題に対する操作行動を、○「課題を正しく達成できた。（操作過程に誤りがあっても自力で修正できたり、操作完了までに非常に長い時間がかかっても、自力で正しく操作課題を完了する事が出来た場合を含む）」、△「課題を殆ど達成できているが、重要ではない部分で間違えた。（例：スイング設定できない、「強」運転に設定するところを「弱」運転に設定している、運転時間を間違える、衣類乾燥運転と浴室乾燥運転とを間違えた、入り予約時刻を間違えた等）」、□「課題は達成できているが、意図しない他の設定も入ってしまっている。（例：意図しない暖房タイマ予約設定、意図しない暖房運転開始等）」、×「課題を正しく達成できていないが、本人は出来たと申告した。」、ＧＵ「課題達成をあきらめた」、の５つの基準を用いて判定を行い、被験者全体に対する○に該当する被験者の割合を算出し、操作課題達成率とした。
【００６７】
図１４（ａ）は基本操作（工程＃１３１で作成された（１）〜（５）、（７）の作業課題）の操作達成率と試験用操作パネルとの関係を、図１４（ｂ）は応用操作（工程＃１３１で作成された（６）の作業課題）の操作達成率と試験用操作パネルとの関係を、主婦及び高齢者夫々について表した棒グラフである。尚、操作パネルＡ〜Ｃには暖房予約機能が備えられていないため、図１４（ｂ）では省略されている。図１５（ａ）は電池交換（工程＃１３１で作成された（８）の作業課題）の操作達成率と試験用操作パネルとの関係を、図１５（ｂ）は電池交換作業にかかった時間と試験用操作パネルとの関係を主婦及び高齢者の夫々について表した棒グラフであり、壁掛け式の試験用操作パネルＡ〜Ｆについて示されている。
【００６８】
また、本実施例では、ユーザビリティテストの被験者に対し、ユーザビリティテスト実施後、試験用操作パネル夫々について、使いやすさ、見やすさ、デザイン性等についてのアンケートを実施した。特に、使いやすさについては、被験者に対し操作パネル夫々の使いやすさを５段階で評価させ、使いやすさが低いと感じる方から夫々、０．０、２．５、５．０、７．５、１０．０点として数値化し、その平均値を試験用操作パネル夫々に対する使いやすさの主観申告値とした。図１６は使いやすさの申告値を試験用操作パネルの機種別に、主婦及び高齢者の夫々について表した棒グラフである。
【００６９】
図１７は、試験用操作パネル毎の、基本操作達成率、使いやすさの申告値、ガイドライン得点との対応関係を表した折れ線グラフである。ここで、図１７に於ける基本操作達成率、使いやすさの申告値は、主婦及び高齢者の平均値としている。ここで、ガイドライン得点と基本操作達成率との相関係数は０．８１であり、ガイドライン得点と使いやすさの主観申告値との相関関係は０．８４であった。この事から、ガイドライン得点と、基本操作達成率及び使いやすさの主観申告値との間には強い相関関係がある事が確認された。従って、上述した設計手法により設計ガイドラインを作成し、その設計指標に従って操作パネルを設計する事により、利用者にとって使いやすい操作パネルを実現する事ができる。
【００７０】
図１８は、設計ガイドラインに基づいて設計された推奨案、天井カセット式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の操作パネルＸ及び操作パネルＹと壁掛け式の設計パネルＺとについての操作達成率を示しており、図１８（ａ）は基本操作達成率と推奨案操作パネルとの関係を、図１８（ｂ）は応用操作達成率と推奨案操作パネルとの関係を表した棒グラフである。尚、図１８（ａ）、（ｂ）にはさらに比較対照として、天井カセット式の試験用操作パネルＧ及び壁掛け式の試験用操作パネルＦの夫々の操作達成率を示している。天井カセット式の浴室暖房乾燥装置の操作パネルの基本操作達成率は、高齢者で操作パネルＧの３８％から操作パネルＸの８０％、操作パネルＹの７６％と大幅に増加している。天井カセット式の応用操作達成率、壁掛け式の基本操作達成率及び応用操作達成率でも同様の結果が得られる事から、推奨案で操作達成率が大幅に改善されていると言え、設計ガイドラインに基づいて操作パネルの設計を行う事により、操作エラーが軽減される事が確認できた。
【００７１】
尚、本実施例では、浴室暖房乾燥装置を操作する操作パネルを用いたが、タイマ予約機能を備える操作パネル、若しくは、複数の操作区分を個別に操作可能に構成され、且つ、複数の操作区分の少なくとも２つについて共通する機能があり、共通機能に係る操作区分に対し共通して使用可能な共通機能の操作用スイッチが設けられている操作パネルの何れかであればよく、浴室暖房乾燥装置に限定するものではない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】壁掛け式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図２】壁掛け式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図３】壁掛け式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図４】壁掛け式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図５】壁掛け式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図６】壁掛け式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図７】天井カセット式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図８】天井カセット式試験用操作パネルの現状品の模式図
【図９】本発明に係る天井カセット式操作パネルの一実施形態を示す図
【図１０】本発明に係る天井カセット式操作パネルの一実施形態を示す図
【図１１】本発明に係る壁掛け式操作パネルの一実施形態を示す図
【図１２】本発明に係る操作パネルの設計の工程を示す図
【図１３】試験用操作パネル及び推奨案のガイドライン得点を示す図
【図１４】試験用操作パネル別操作達成率を示す図
【図１５】試験用操作パネル別操作達成率を示す図
【図１６】試験用操作パネルの使いやすさの主観申告の結果を示す図
【図１７】試験用操作パネルの使いやすさの主観申告とガイドライン得点と操作達成率との相関関係を示す図
【図１８】本発明に係る操作パネル及び比較対象操作パネルの検証実験に於ける操作パネル別操作達成率を示す図
【図１９】本発明に係る設計ガイドラインを示す図
【図２０】本発明に係る設計ガイドラインを示す図
【図２１】本発明に係る設計ガイドラインを示す図
【図２２】本発明に係る設計ガイドラインを示す図
【符号の説明】
Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ、Ｇ、Ｈ：試験用操作パネル
Ｘ、Ｙ、Ｚ：推奨案
１１、４１、５１、６１、７１、８１：通常運転スイッチ
４２、５２、６２、７２、８２、１０１、１１１、１２１：予約スイッチ
７３、８３：　機能表示
７４：操作用スイッチ
７５、７６、１０３、１０４、１１３、１１４：スイッチ群
１０２、１１２、１２２：運転停止スイッチ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an operation panel for operating a device such as an air conditioner or a cooling / heating device, which is easy for a user to grasp.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the increasing functionality and complexity of appliances used in ordinary homes, the understanding of the functions and operation methods of the appliances has placed a heavy burden on users. (Evaluating ease of use for the user and incorporating it into the device) has been developed. In addition to quality control and utilities (functionality and performance, etc.) that have been emphasized in the past due to the declining birthrate and aging population and intensifying competition for equipment development, usability (operability, cognition, affinity, etc.) Ease) is becoming increasingly important.
[0003]
An operation panel for controlling a water heater, a floor heating device, an air conditioning / heating device, and the like is installed in a kitchen, a bathroom, and each living room, and controls one or a plurality of devices. As for the operation panel (remote control, control panel), the functions and the operation procedure are easily understood by the user and the design is easy to use because the functions and the operation procedure are advanced.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Air-conditioning equipment and air-conditioning equipment are used by various users on a daily basis, so they can complete operations without reference to manuals, regardless of the user's attributes (age, experience, etc.). It is desirable that the design is such that the number or rate of occurrence of operation errors is small. However, due to the priorities of manufacturing costs and design constraints, such as using the same operation panel mold for multiple models or diverting the existing design, the conventional operation panel has There is a problem that the correspondence between the operation switch and the corresponding function display is not clear, and that the operation procedure of the application operation such as the timer reservation function is difficult for the user (especially the elderly) to understand. It could not be said that an operation panel was easily realized in which functions and operation procedures were easily grasped and operated.
[0005]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to be able to complete an operation without referring to a manual without depending on the attributes of the user, and for the user to easily understand the operation procedure. The point is to realize an easy-to-use operation panel.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first characteristic configuration of the operation panel according to the present invention for achieving this object has a timer reservation function and a plurality of other functions, as described in claim 1 of the claims. An operation panel in which a plurality of operation switches for operation are arranged, wherein a function display of a reservation switch for starting a reservation operation includes a function name related to timer reservation and a character of the reservation.
[0007]
That is, according to the first characteristic configuration of the operation panel according to the present invention, the function name and the text of the timer reservation are written on or near the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation. Here, it is assumed that the reservation switch is provided for one or a plurality of functions for which a reservation can be set, and the input operation of the reservation switch starts the input operation of the reservation setting for the function related to the timer reservation. It is configured as follows.
[0008]
Conventionally, only letters such as "reservation" and "on timer" have been attached to the operation switch for timer reservation. For this reason, in the operation panel having a plurality of functions, there is a problem that it is difficult for the user to recognize which function is the timer reservation function, and an operation error of pressing the operation switch for the normal operation during the timer reservation operation, for example, When a heating reservation is made using an operation panel for operating a device having a heating function and a drying function, an operation error of pressing a normal heating operation switch during the reservation operation is caused. Therefore, by making the notation of the reservation switch a notation including the function name related to timer reservation and the characters of the reservation, the correlation between the timer reservation function and other functions is clarified, and the operation related to the timer reservation operation by the user is performed. It is possible to realize an operation panel that reduces the number or the rate of occurrence of errors.
[0009]
The second feature configuration has a plurality of functions including a timer reservation function and a plurality of operation switches for operating the functions, as described in claim 2 of the claims section. An operation panel, wherein an operation procedure of the operation switch related to a reservation operation is configured to execute a timer time setting after operating a reservation switch for starting a reservation operation, and after the timer time setting, The point is that the setting of the timer time is determined regardless of whether or not the timer determination operation is performed.
[0010]
That is, according to the second characteristic configuration, the setting of the timer time is determined even when the timer determining operation is not performed. In a conventional operation panel having a timer reservation function, the timer reservation operation has a configuration in which a timer determination operation is performed last, for example, a configuration in which a reservation switch is pressed. However, in spite of measures such as blinking the time display on the display unit to guide the timer fixing operation, many users cannot complete the timer reservation operation without performing the timer fixing operation. Was. Therefore, regardless of whether or not the timer confirmation operation is performed, the setting of the timer time is determined, for example, when the input operation is not performed for a certain period of time or when the next input operation except the reservation cancel operation is performed. By adopting a configuration in which the setting of the timer time is determined as described above, it is possible to eliminate an operation error in which the timer reservation operation cannot be completed due to the failure to execute the timer determination operation.
[0011]
In the case where the operation panel has a function related to off timer reservation, the procedure related to the off timer reservation operation (the timer time setting is executed after operating the normal operation switch for operating the function related to timer reservation) ) And the procedure related to the on-timer reservation operation are not unified, there is a risk that confusion may occur between the off-timer reservation operation and the on-timer reservation operation for the user to understand the operation procedure. . Therefore, the on-timer reservation operation procedure is configured to execute the timer time setting after operating the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation, and the operation procedure relating to the timer reservation is turned off by the timer reservation operation and the on-timer reservation operation. It is important in the design of the operation panel that the user can easily understand the operation procedure.
[0012]
Therefore, the procedure related to the reservation operation is configured to execute the timer time setting after operating the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation, and the setting of the timer time is performed regardless of whether the timer determination operation is performed. By adopting a fixed configuration, it is possible to realize an operation panel that allows the user to easily understand the operation procedure related to timer reservation, and reduce operation errors related to timer reservation operation.
[0013]
The third characteristic configuration has a timer reservation function and a plurality of other functions, and a plurality of operation switches for operating the functions are arranged as described in claim 3 of the claims. An operation panel, wherein a function display of a reservation switch for starting a reservation operation includes a function name relating to timer reservation and a character of reservation, and an operation procedure of the operation switch relating to the reservation operation is performed by the reservation switch. , The timer time setting is executed after the operation is performed, and the setting of the timer time is fixed regardless of whether or not the timer fixing operation is performed after the timer time setting.
[0014]
That is, according to the third characteristic configuration, the function name and the text of the timer reservation are displayed on or near the reservation switch, and the timer time is set after operating the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation. And the setting of the timer time is determined even when the timer determination operation is not performed. Accordingly, an operation panel having both the first characteristic configuration and the second characteristic configuration is realized, an operation error of pressing an operation switch for normal operation during a timer reservation operation, an operation procedure related to timer reservation, and a basic operation procedure. It is possible to reduce the timer reservation operation error due to the inconsistency of the timer and the operation error that the timer reservation operation cannot be completed due to the failure to execute the timer confirmation operation, and reduce the user's timer reservation operation error. it can.
[0015]
The fourth characteristic configuration has a plurality of functions, a plurality of operation switches for operating the functions, and a plurality of operation sections, as described in claim 4 of the claims. An operation panel configured to be individually operable, wherein the common panel has a function common to at least two of the plurality of operation sections, and the common panel can be commonly used for the operation section related to the common function. A switch for operating a function is provided, and a switch group corresponding to a function provided independently of each of the plurality of operation sections is visually identified on the same surface of the operation panel for each of the operation sections. This is characterized in that at least one side of the boundary line of the region located at the same relative position is arranged in a straight line vertically or horizontally.
[0016]
That is, according to the fourth characteristic configuration, in an operation panel provided with operation switches commonly used for two or more operation sections, each operation switch operates which operation section respectively. It is possible to clarify whether it is a thing. Here, as an assumed operation category, for example, a heating / drying device installed in a bathroom, an air-conditioning cooling / heating device such as a cooler or a floor heating installed in each room, and a device operating in conjunction with the same purpose (For example, a case where there are a plurality of terminals of an air conditioning / heating device provided in a specific room and the operation control of all the terminals is performed by one operation) and the like may be considered as one operation division. .
[0017]
One of the factors that cause a user to make an operation error is that it is not clear which function of which operation section each switch operates. In an operation panel having two or more operation sections having a common function, in order to clarify which operation section is operated by each operation switch, the operation switch is set to the operation section. Each switch is provided completely independently (there is no operation switch commonly used in two or more operation sections), and each switch group corresponding to each operation section is divided and arranged in a separate area (for example, In the case of an operation panel that operates the heating and drying function of the bathroom and the heating and drying function of the dressing room, the switch group that operates the heating and drying function of the bathroom and the switch group that operates the heating and drying function of the undressing room are separately arranged in separate areas. Things). However, in such a configuration, the two operation panels are simply combined, and the required surface area of the operation panel is the sum of the two operation panels. In an operation panel having two or more operation sections having a common function, the number of necessary operation switches is reduced by commonly using the operation switches in the two or more operation sections, and the surface area of the operation panel is reduced. In particular, when design constraints are prioritized, such as when using a mold for the operation panel in common with a plurality of models or when diverting an existing mold, priority is given to 2 It is preferable that an operation switch commonly used for the above operation sections is provided.
[0018]
In an operation panel having two or more operation sections having a common function, for example, a character display is used to indicate whether each operation switch is used in common or used in one operation section. Areas that cannot be visually distinguished by switches that correspond only to those that are independently provided or functions that are provided independently, such as areas without border lines, and color-coded colors that are visually distinct from others In an operation panel disposed in an area where the operation cannot be performed (there is no difference in color tone or shade of color), the correspondence between the switch group and the operation division is unclear, which is a factor that causes an operation error.
[0019]
Even in the case where the switches are arranged in a visually distinguishable area, the conventional operation panel has no clear regularity in the arrangement of the respective switch groups. It was hard to understand. For this reason, one side of the boundary line at the same relative position of each area is aligned, for example, when the areas of the switch group are each rectangular, they are arranged so that the left side is aligned on the same vertical axis. Thereby, the correspondence between the operation switch and the operation section corresponding to the operation switch can be clarified. Therefore, the user can realize an operation panel in which the relationship between the operation switches and the corresponding operation sections is clear, and the number or rate of occurrence of operation errors is reduced.
[0020]
The fifth feature configuration is, in addition to the first to fourth feature configurations, an operation switch disposed on a surface of the operation panel, as described in claim 5 in the claims section. Is that, when a corresponding function display is provided, the function display is arranged closer to other function displays, and the operation stop switch is provided as a single function.
[0021]
That is, according to the fifth characteristic configuration, the correspondence between the operation switch and the corresponding function display is clarified, and the single-function operation stop switch is provided. Among conventional operation panels, there are an operation panel in which a plurality of sets of function displays corresponding to operation switches are arranged in a straight line at equal intervals, a function display corresponding to operation switches and a function state display (high / low). ) Are randomly arranged and the size of the function status display is not uniform. In such an operation panel, one of two adjacent function displays is a function display corresponding to the operation switch. It is not easy for the user to distinguish whether there is, and it is a factor that causes an operation error. Further, when the operation stop switch is not provided with a single function, the operation procedure relating to the operation stop of the operation category is difficult for the user to understand, causing an operation error that the operation stop operation cannot be completed.
[0022]
For this reason, by disposing the corresponding function display closer to other function displays (or function status displays), it is possible to clarify which function each operation switch operates, and to stop the operation. By providing the switch as a single function, it is possible to clarify the operation procedure related to the stop of operation in each operation section, and to realize an operation panel that allows the user to easily understand the operation procedure.
[0023]
Furthermore, in addition to the configuration for reducing operation errors according to the first to fourth feature configurations, the configuration according to the fifth feature configuration is provided in a complex manner, so that the number of occurrences or the occurrence rate of operation errors of the user can be reduced. A very low operation panel can be realized. In addition, by realizing an operation panel that is easy for the user to understand and use, the added value to the product will be increased, the independence of the elderly will be supported, work to respond to user inquiries will be reduced, and costs will be reduced. it can.
[0024]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A design method and an embodiment of an operation panel according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, as a device to be operated by the operation panel, a bathroom heating / drying device having an empty function and a heating function of a bathroom is assumed. However, the device to be operated is the bathroom heating / drying device. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
[0025]
First, a method for designing an operation panel according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the operation panel according to the present invention includes a test step (step #) for assigning a task to a plurality of subjects to actually perform a task and performing a usability test for recording the number of occurrences of operation errors. 131 and # 132), a design guideline construction process (process # 135 and # 136) for analyzing the usability test result and constructing a design guideline based on the analysis result, and a recommendation for an operation panel based on the constructed design guideline. And a recommendation proposal creation step (steps # 137 to # 139) for verifying the recommendation proposal.
[0026]
In the test process, first, a task to be used when the usability test is performed is created (# 131). Here, in the usability test in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the operation panel for operating the existing bathroom heating / drying apparatus is used, and eight types of test operation panels A to 8 having different designs shown in FIGS. H is used. In the test operation panels used in the present embodiment, the test operation panels D to H are provided with a heating reservation function, and the test operation panels G and H are provided with an air-conditioning and heating function of the undressing room. In addition to the basic operations, work tasks for the heating reservation function (applied operation), the dressing room air conditioning and heating function, and battery replacement are created.
[0027]
Depending on the model of the bathroom heating / drying device, there may be provided with other functions (water heater control, bathroom TV, etc.) other than the timer reservation function and the air conditioning / heating function of the dressing room, and the work task is used at least in the usability test. It is desirable to make it in a form that covers all functions provided in all bathroom heating and drying devices. Further, in the present embodiment, the design guideline is constructed using the test operation panel for operating the bathroom heating / drying device, but is not limited to the bathroom heating / drying device, and may be any operation panel suitable for creating the design guideline. . Furthermore, in order to identify and analyze design factors that induce an operation error by comparing each of a plurality of test operation panels, it is desirable to construct a design guideline using an appropriate number of test operation panels.
[0028]
In the present embodiment, work tasks are divided into basic operations related to the normal operation function, applied operations related to the timer reservation function, and other additional items (items for specific models such as battery replacement).
The work task created in the present embodiment and the specific instruction contents of the work task imposed on the subject are shown. There are five items created for the basic operation, which are basically performed for all the test operation panels A to H. The specific instructions for the basic operation tasks are: (1) Clothes drying operation “I want to dry the laundry in the bathroom. Activate the bathroom heating and drying equipment and let it run for 2 hours.”, ( 2) Clothes drying operation stopped "The laundry dries faster than expected. Please stop operating the bathroom heating / drying equipment.", (3) Cool breeze driving "I'm going to take a bath in summer. Since the inside of the bathroom is hot, I will try to blow air in the bathroom. Operate the bathroom heating / drying equipment and run it for 30 minutes. ", (4) Ventilation operation" I want to replace the air in the bathroom Activate the bathroom heating and drying equipment and let it run for one hour. ”, (5) Heating operation“ I'm going to take a bath in winter. I think it's a bathroom heating and drying equipment Let operated for 30 minutes by. "It is. However, the test operation panel C is not implemented because the test operation panel C does not have the cool air operation function.
[0029]
The item created for the applied operation is one item, and is implemented for the test operation panels D to H. The specific instructions of the work tasks for the applied operation are (6) Heating reservation operation "The bathroom is cold when taking a bath at night, so I will reserve heating for today's night. Suppose that it is 5 o'clock in the evening, and operate 2 hours later at 7 pm so that you start to move with "strong driving". ".
[0030]
The item created for the additional item for a specific model (operation panel with a dressing room function) is one item, and is implemented for the test operation panel G and the test operation panel H. The specific contents of the work task for the additional items are (7) Heating operation in the dressing room “The dressing room is cold when washing in the early morning, so I will reserve it for the morning tomorrow from the previous night. I think it's 9 o'clock in the evening. Nine hours later, please operate so that it starts at 6 o'clock in the morning. "
[0031]
The item created for the additional item (wall-mounted operation panel) for a specific model is one item, and is implemented for the test operation panels A to F. The specific instruction content of the work task for the additional item is (8) Replacement of the battery "Replace the battery of the remote control because it has run out."
[0032]
Next, the work tasks created in step # 131 are imposed on the test operation panels A to H, respectively, and a plurality of subjects are operated for each work task (# 133). Here, all the subjects of the usability test in the present example were individuals who did not have all the test operation panels used in the usability test and the corresponding heating / drying apparatus and had no experience in use. Was. The structure consists of 10 housewives (40s) and 5 elderly men (65-80 years). Table 1 shows the age of 10 housewives and the age and gender of the elderly.
[0033]
[Table 1]

[0034]
Subsequently, the number or rate of occurrence of operation errors for each test operation panel is recorded for each task (# 134). Table 2 is an example of the result of analyzing the contents of the operation errors in the usability test of the test operation panel G. The contents of the operation errors are classified for each work task, and the number of occurrences is described. If a plurality of types of operation errors have occurred for one work task, all of them are described and the number of occurrences is calculated for each operation error. In the present embodiment, the contents of the operation errors are classified for each work task. However, the contents of the operation errors may be classified for each operation problem, or other criteria suitable for constructing a design guideline may be used. Is also good. Further, although the analysis result is represented by using the number of occurrences, the analysis result may be represented by using the occurrence rate, or both may be used. Furthermore, the items and contents of the analysis result are not limited to the work tasks and error contents, and may be any items that are appropriate for specifying and analyzing an operation error, and may add items as appropriate.
[0035]
[Table 2]

[0036]
In the design guideline construction process, based on the results of the usability test, a design element that induces an operation error is specified and analyzed (# 135), a design index is created for each work task, and the design guideline is created. Construct (# 136). The specification and analysis of the design element that induces the operation error are specifically performed based on the contents of the operation error classified and recorded for each operation panel in step # 134, a test operation panel in which the operation error frequently occurs, This is performed by comparing with a test operation panel in which almost no operation error has occurred.
[0037]
FIGS. 19 to 22 show examples of the design guidelines constructed in the present embodiment, in which check items, importance, good examples and bad examples, error contents, and the number of occurrences are described for each design index. In the present embodiment, a total of 13 design indices (design indices a to m) of 6 basic operations, 1 undressing room function, 1 battery replacement, and 5 applied operations were created. Among the design indices, five items (design indices a, d, g, j, and k) whose importance exceeds 10 have been disclosed. Note that the design guidelines shown in FIGS. 19 to 22 are design guidelines after reconstructing the design guidelines in step # 139 described later, and in particular, the design indices j and j in the disclosed design indices. Regarding k, there is no operation panel having a structure to solve the design factor that induces an operation error in the conventional bathroom heating / drying apparatus, and the design factor that causes the operation error in the recommendation is solved The proposed structure was presented.
[0038]
As shown in FIGS. 19 to 22, the design guideline in this embodiment indicates at least one of a good example and a bad example of the operation panel design for each design index. Examples of good examples and bad examples of the operation panel design include, for example, a design operation of a test operation panel in which the number of operation errors is small for each of the design factors inducing an operation error. It is conceivable that the design element of the panel is a bad example. It is desirable that good examples and bad examples are shown in drawings and the like as much as possible, and are shown in a form that is visually easy for a designer and does not give misunderstanding.
[0039]
Further, in this embodiment, importance is added to each of the design indices. The degree of importance is determined based on the number of occurrences or the rate of occurrence of operation errors with respect to the task related to the corresponding design index. Specifically, for example, it is conceivable that the degree of improvement by satisfying the design index is regarded as the importance, and the number obtained by subtracting the minimum number of operation errors from the maximum number of operation errors is set as the importance.
[0040]
In the present embodiment, the usability test is performed using the existing eight different operation panels having different designs. However, the number of samples of the test operation panel is small. In addition to design indices with a large number of maximum occurrences and a small number of minimum occurrences, there are also design indices in which both the maximum occurrence number and the minimum occurrence number of operation errors are large, and design indices in which both values are small. If both the maximum number of occurrences and the minimum number of occurrences of operation errors are large, it is considered that this indicates that there is no test operation panel having a structure to solve the design factors that induce the operation error, and When both the maximum occurrence number and the minimum occurrence number of the error are small, it may not be an important design index for reducing the operation error. Here, the design index having a large value of both the maximum occurrence number and the minimum occurrence number of the operation error has a structure for newly resolving the design factor that induces the operation error when the verification of the recommendation is performed. Recommendations may be presented. In the present embodiment, the design indices j and k correspond to this. In such a case, after the design guidelines are reconstructed in step # 139 described later, the minimum number of operation errors is reduced, and the value of the importance is corrected to a higher value. Therefore, the importance of a design index having a large value for both the number of operation errors and the minimum number of occurrences is higher than the importance of a design index having a small value for both the number of operation errors and the minimum number of occurrences. Weighting may be performed.
[0041]
In the present embodiment, at least an operation panel for operating the bathroom heating / drying apparatus is subjected to a usability test to design a design guideline. However, the design guideline is created for an operation panel having a specific function. Alternatively, a plurality of types of operation panels or the entire operation panel may be created.
[0042]
In the recommended proposal creation process, using the design guideline constructed in the process # 136, the work that is included in the design guideline and whose importance is larger than a predetermined value among the work tasks required for the operation panel to be designed. For the problem, the design is performed based on the design index (# 137). In this embodiment, as a recommendation, an operation panel X and an operation panel Y of a ceiling cassette type (ceiling embedded type) bathroom heating and drying apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 and a wall-mounted bathroom heating and drying apparatus shown in FIG. Operation panel Z was created. When the design of the operation panel to be designed is entrusted to a manufacturer, among the design indices included in the design guidelines shown in FIG. 19 to FIG. The operation panel that satisfies the design index of which importance is more than 10 is realized by disclosing it to the manufacturer. The importance of the design index disclosed to the manufacturer may be an appropriate value other than 10, or the design index disclosed to the manufacturer may be selected according to another criterion other than the importance. All design indices may be disclosed to the manufacturer.However, the number of design indices is expected to be very large, and some design indices are not expected to reduce operation errors in design guidelines. Because of this, it is desirable to select design indicators that are considered important and disclose them to the manufacturer.
[0043]
Subsequently, using the design guidelines constructed in the process # 136, it is determined whether or not the design indices of the work subjects included in the design guidelines among the work subjects required for the operation panel designed in the process # 137 are satisfied. Confirm. Furthermore, for a plurality of subjects, the task required for each designed operation panel is imposed, the operation is performed for each task, the number or rate of occurrence of operation errors is confirmed for each task, and the operation is performed. Confirm the improvement of the achievement rate (# 138). Here, all the subjects who perform the verification of the recommendation in this embodiment do not have the heating / drying device corresponding to the operation panel used in the verification of the recommendation, and have no experience in using them. An individual different from the usability test subjects was selected. The composition is 5 housewives (40s) and 5 elderly men (65-80 years). Table 3 shows the ages of the 5 housewives and the ages and genders of the elderly.
[0044]
[Table 3]

[0045]
In this embodiment, when the design of the operation panel to be designed is outsourced to a manufacturer, the design guideline items disclosed to the manufacturer of the operation panel are only those having a significance level of more than 10. Whether the design index is satisfied is checked not only for the design index disclosed to the manufacturer, but also for other less important design guideline items.
[0046]
Here, when the verification of the recommendation is performed, a new important design factor that induces an operation error is identified, or there is no test operation panel having a structure for solving the design factor that induces the operation error. It is desirable that verification of the verification plan be performed as much as possible, because a recommended plan having a structure for solving the design factor that causes the operation error may be presented for the design index. In such a case, it is necessary to add design indices in the design guideline or to modify existing design indices (contents, importance, contents of presentation of good examples and bad examples, arbitrary items in the number of errors or the rate of occurrence). If it is desirable to carry out the design, the design guidelines are reconstructed as appropriate (# 139). In the present embodiment, the design indices j and k correspond to these, and their respective degrees of importance have been corrected to higher values. In addition, if it is not necessary to add or modify the design index of the design guideline by performing the verification of the recommendation, the process # 139 is not performed.
[0047]
As described above, by using the above-described design method, a design guideline that is easy to understand and use for a designer is constructed, and even a user who has never used a bathroom heating / drying device is easy to understand and can operate without a manual. The operation panel that can complete the operation can be realized.
[0048]
Next, a design target operation panel (an example of an operation panel according to the present invention) designed using the design guidelines in the present embodiment will be described. 9 and 10 show recommended designs (operation panel X and operation panel Y) of an operation panel to be designed for a ceiling cassette type bathroom heating / drying apparatus, and FIG. 11 shows an operation panel to be designed of a wall-mounted bathroom heating / drying apparatus. Each of the recommendations (operation panel Z) is shown. In each of the recommended proposals, there is a test operation panel having a structure for solving a design factor that induces an operation error, among design indices shown in FIGS. The design indices j and k, which have not been provided, are designed so as to satisfy all the applicable ones, and are additionally designed to satisfy other design indices.
[0049]
The operation panels X, Y, and Z are operation panels each having a timer reservation function. The function display of the reservation switches 101, 111, and 121 of the operation panels X, Y, and Z is heating reservation (function name related to timer reservation and text of reservation), and the correspondence between the reservation switch and the function related to timer reservation. Are clearly configured and are designed to satisfy the design index j. The operation panels X, Y, and Z are configured such that the operation procedure of the operation switch related to the reservation operation executes the timer time setting after operating the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation. Thereafter, regardless of whether or not the timer determination operation is performed, the setting of the timer time is determined, and the design is performed so as to satisfy the design index k.
[0050]
The operation panels X and Y provide functions for two operation sections (bathroom and undressing room) of a bathroom air conditioning and heating function (heating, drying, cool air, ventilation) and a dressing room air conditioning and heating function (heating, heating reservation, ventilation). This is an operation panel provided, and the ventilation function of the bathroom and the undressing room is a function commonly used for the two operation sections. In the operation panels X and Y, a switch group corresponding to a function independently provided for each of the operation sections of the bathroom and the undressing room (functions provided in the bathroom air-conditioning and heating device other than the ventilation function are included in one operation section). The switch groups 103 and 113 for operating these and the functions provided in the air-conditioning and heating system of the dressing room other than the ventilation function are classified into one operation section, and the switch groups 104 and 114 for operating these are included. For each operation section, the operation panel is divided and arranged in a lump in a single area that can be visually distinguished from the others on the same surface of the operation panel. On the operation panel X, the left side of the area of the switch groups 103 and 104 is vertically aligned on a straight line, and on the operation panel Y, the upper side of the area of the switch groups 113 and 114 is aligned on the left and right. It is designed to satisfy the design index g.
[0051]
Further, the operation panels X, Y, and Z are provided with corresponding function indicators on operation switches arranged on the surface of the operation panel, and the operation stop switches 102, 103, and 104 are provided as a single function. It is designed to satisfy the design indices a and d.
[0052]
Among the design indices of the above-mentioned design guidelines, in particular, the design indices having importance of 10 or more, that is, the function display of the reservation switch includes the function name related to timer reservation and the characters of the reservation (design index j), the reservation operation The operation procedure of the operation switch according to the above is configured to execute the timer time setting after operating the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation, and whether to execute the timer determination operation after the timer time setting Regardless of the fact that the setting of the timer time is determined (design index k), the switch group corresponding to the function provided independently for each of the plurality of operation sections is provided on the same surface of the operation panel for each operation section. In a single area that can be visually distinguished from the others, at least one side of the boundary line of the area at the same relative position is arranged in a straight line vertically or horizontally. Index g), when the operation switch arranged on the surface of the operation panel has a corresponding function display, the function display is arranged closer to other function displays (design index a), and the operation is stopped. Regarding the fact that the switch is provided as a single function (design index d), the number of occurrences of operation errors (occurrence rate) in the usability test is high. To realize an operation panel that is easy to understand and understand the operation procedure according to the above, the correspondence between the operation switch and the corresponding function, the correspondence between the operation switch and the corresponding function display, and the operation procedure related to the operation stop. This is an important indicator. In particular, as for the design indices j and k, since the test operation panel, that is, the conventional design panel did not have a structure for appropriately solving the design factor that causes the operation error, at least one of these design indices was used. By satisfying one, the effect of reducing the number of operation errors or the rate of occurrence can be expected, and an operation panel with a high user operation achievement rate can be realized.
[0053]
Next, as a comparative example, a conventional test operation panel used in the usability test in this embodiment will be described.
Test operation panels A, B, and C shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are operation panels of a wall-mounted bathroom heating / drying apparatus having a heating function, a drying function, a ventilation function, and a cool air function. The operation state of the test operation panel A is changed by repeatedly operating the normal operation switches related to the normal operation of the heating function, the drying function, and the ventilation function (the ventilation function is changed in the order of strong, weak, and cool air), respectively. The display lamp corresponding to the operation state of (1) is turned on. As for the normal operation switch 11 corresponding to the function display "ventilation", since the operation state display "cool air" is arranged closer to the function display "ventilation", is the function of the normal operation switch 11 "ventilation"? Since it is difficult for the user to determine whether it is “cool breeze” (the design index a is not satisfied), an operation error in which another operation switch is pressed by mistake is seen.
[0054]
On the test operation panel B, the direction of inserting the battery was not displayed so as to be easily understood (the design index for battery replacement was not satisfied). An operation error has occurred. In the test operation panel C, since each operation switch and the corresponding function display are arranged at equal intervals (the design index a is not satisfied), the function display corresponding to each operation switch is up and down. It was difficult to determine which function was displayed, and there were many operation errors in which other operation switches were accidentally pressed.
[0055]
The test operation panels D, E, and F shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 are operation panels of a wall-mounted bathroom heating and drying device having a heating function, a drying function, a ventilation function, a cool air function, and a heating reservation function, A function display corresponding to each operation switch is provided. In addition, during the reservation operation, if the input operation is not performed continuously for a certain period, the reservation operation setting mode is automatically ended. In that period, the test operation panels D and E are used for 10 seconds, and the test operation panel is used. F is 30 seconds.
[0056]
In addition, in the test operation panels D, E, and F, the reservation switches 42, 52, and 62 are not clearly distinguished from the normal operation switches 41, 51, and 61 in the heating reservation function. Since the function name related to the timer reservation is not attached to the display (the design index j is not satisfied), an error occurred in pressing the normal operation operation switches 41, 51, and 61 during the reservation operation. In addition, a configuration in which the operation procedure is unified, that is, the operation procedure of the operation switch related to the reservation operation is to execute the timer time setting after operating the reservation switches 42, 52, and 62 for starting the reservation operation, and After the setting, regardless of whether or not the timer determination operation is performed, the timer setting is not determined (the configuration does not satisfy the design index k), so the timer reservation operation cannot be completed. Many errors occurred.
[0057]
Test operation panels G and H shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 are operation panels of a ceiling cassette type bathroom heating / drying apparatus having a heating function, a drying function, a ventilation function, a cool air function, and a heating reservation function. A corresponding function display is provided on the switch for use.
[0058]
Note that, in both the test operation panels G and H, in the heating reservation function, the reservation switches 72 and 82 are not clearly distinguished from the normal operation switches 71 and 81, and the function display 73 of the reservation switches 72 and 82, 83 has characters such as “reservation” and “timer”, but the name of the function to be reserved is not specified (design index j is not satisfied), and the normal operation switch 71 during the reservation operation; Error pressing 81 occurred. Further, the timer time setting is not performed after the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation is operated, and after the timer time is set, regardless of whether or not the timer fixing operation is performed, the timer time is set. Since the configuration is not settled (the design index k is not satisfied), an operation error that cannot complete the timer reservation operation has occurred. The test operation panel G is not provided with the operation stop switch as a single function (not satisfying the design index d), so that the operation procedure related to the operation stop is difficult to understand, and the method of stopping the operation is difficult. An error that could not stop the operation occurred without understanding.
[0059]
Note that the test operation panels G and H have an air conditioning and heating function for the dressing room. The test operation panel G is provided with an operation switch 74 for operating a function commonly used in the bathroom and the undressing room, here, a ventilation function, and is independently provided except for the ventilation function of the bathroom and the undressing room. The switches 75 and 76 for operating the functions are respectively arranged in a lump in a single area that can be visually distinguished from the others, but the arrangement of the switches 75 and 76 is cluttered and located at the same relative position. Since at least one side of the boundary line of each area is not arranged in a straight line vertically or horizontally (not satisfying the design index g), there are many operation errors of pressing other operation switches by mistake. Was seen. In the test operation panel H, functions relating to the bathroom and the undressing room (an example of operation sections) are provided completely independently of each other (operating functions commonly used in two or more operation sections). The operation panel is not provided with an operation switch to perform the operation, and satisfies the design index g.
[0060]
Therefore, the design index g is an important design index regardless of whether or not an operation switch for operating a function commonly used in two or more operation sections is provided. For the operation panel provided with operation switches for operating the functions commonly used in the operation sections, the relationship between the switch group and the operation section is clarified, and the user operates the operation switches by confusing the operation switches. Therefore, it can be said that this is an important design index.
[0061]
Subsequently, the guideline score of each of the recommended operation panel and the test operation panel will be described. The guideline score is expressed as a percentage of the total score for each guideline item (total importance of design indices that meet the specifications) to the full score (total score of all design indices required for the operation panel). ing. FIG. 13 shows the score (value of importance) for each guideline item, the sum of the scores, the value of the full score, and the score when normalized to 100, for each of the test operation panel and the recommended operation panel. . Here, in the present embodiment, the score for each design index of the design guideline is obtained by adding the importance as a score when each of the test operation panel and the recommended proposal operation panel satisfies each design index. If the design index is not satisfied, it is set to 0. Design indices not required for each test operation panel and recommended operation panel are indicated by "-". In addition, since the design indices required for each test operation panel and recommended operation panel are different, the number of work tasks to be performed in the usability test is also different for each of the test operation panel and recommended operation panel. The values also differ between the test operation panel and the recommended operation panel. In order to facilitate comparison between the test operation panel and the recommendation operation panel, the scores are shown when normalized to give a perfect score of 100.
[0062]
From FIG. 13, the score of the design guideline is low for the conventional operation panel (test operation panel), and the score of the design guideline is high for the recommended operation panels X, Y, and Z. It can be confirmed that X, Y, and Z are improved for each of the design indices. Regarding the design indices j and k, it can be said that the test operation panels A to H, that is, the conventional design panels do not have a structure for appropriately solving the design factor that induces the operation error.
[0063]
Next, the correlation between the work task achievement rate, the subjective report value of ease of use, and the design guideline score of the recommended operation panel and the test operation panel will be described. Table 4 shows the results of the guideline score, the result of the subjective report of ease of use, the basic operation achievement rate, and the application operation achievement rate of the recommended operation panel and the test operation panel, respectively. The guideline score is a value when normalized to 100 points, and the unit of the basic operation achievement rate and the applied operation achievement rate is%, and is shown for the elderly, housewives, and all subjects. Since the operation panels A to C are not provided with the timer reservation function, the applied operation achievement rate (achievement rate of the operation task for the function related to the timer reservation) is “−”.
[0064]
[Table 4]

[0065]
From the results in Table 4, the correlation coefficient between the guideline score and the basic operation achievement rate is 0.90 (0.94 in the case of only the elderly), and the correlation between the guideline score and the subjective report value of ease of use is: From this, it can be said that there is a strong correlation between the guideline score including the three recommended models and the basic operation achievement rate and the subjective report value of ease of use. Therefore, it was confirmed that an operation panel with high usability can be realized by creating a design guideline by the above-described design method and designing an operation panel based on the design index.
[0066]
Next, the correlation between the task task achievement rate in the usability test, the subjective report value of ease of use, and the design guideline score will be described.
14 and 15 show the operation status (operation achievement rate) of the work task in the usability test for each of the housewife and the elderly for each test operation panel. Here, the operation achievement rate indicates the percentage of subjects who have completed the task. In the present embodiment, in the usability test, the operation behavior of each subject for each task was changed to “O”, the task was successfully achieved. Even if it takes a very long time to complete the task, including when it is possible to complete the task correctly on its own) ”, △“ Almost all tasks were achieved, but mistakes were made in non-essential parts. : Swing cannot be set, "Strong" driving is set to "Weak" driving, wrong driving time, wrong clothes drying and bathroom drying, wrong reservation time, etc.) " , □ “The task has been achieved, but other unintended settings have been entered. (Example: unintended heating timer reservation setting, unintended heating operation start, etc.)”, × “the task has been successfully achieved Not a book A judgment using as the declaration. ", GU" gave up assignment achievement ", five criteria could calculates the proportion of subjects corresponding to ○ for the entire subject, and an operation task achievement rate.
[0067]
FIG. 14A shows the relationship between the operation achievement rate of the basic operation (the work tasks (1) to (5) and (7) created in step # 131) and the test operation panel, and FIG. Is a bar graph showing the relationship between the operation achievement rate of the applied operation (operation task (6) created in step # 131) and the test operation panel for the housewife and the elderly, respectively. Note that the operation panels A to C are not provided with the heating reservation function, and thus are omitted in FIG. FIG. 15A shows the relationship between the operation achievement rate of the battery replacement (operation task (8) created in step # 131) and the test operation panel, and FIG. 15B shows the time required for the battery replacement work. FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing the relationship between a housewife and an elderly person with respect to a test operation panel, and shows wall-mounted test operation panels A to F. FIG.
[0068]
Further, in the present embodiment, questionnaires were conducted on the test operation panels with respect to ease of use, visibility, design, and the like, for the test operation panels, after the usability test was performed. In particular, regarding ease of use, the subject was asked to evaluate the ease of use of each of the operation panels on a five-point scale, and those who felt that the ease of use was low were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.0, respectively. The numerical value was calculated as 5, 10.0 points, and the average value was used as a subjective report value of usability for each test operation panel. FIG. 16 is a bar graph showing the declared value of ease of use for each of the housewife and the elderly for each model of the test operation panel.
[0069]
FIG. 17 is a line graph showing the correspondence between the basic operation achievement rate, the reported value of ease of use, and the guideline score for each test operation panel. Here, the reported values of the basic operation achievement rate and ease of use in FIG. 17 are average values of the housewife and the elderly. Here, the correlation coefficient between the guideline score and the basic operation achievement rate was 0.81, and the correlation between the guideline score and the subjective report value of ease of use was 0.84. From this, it was confirmed that there was a strong correlation between the guideline score and the basic operation achievement rate and the subjective report value of ease of use. Therefore, by creating a design guideline by the above-described design method and designing the operation panel according to the design index, an operation panel that is easy for the user to use can be realized.
[0070]
FIG. 18 shows a recommendation designed based on the design guideline, the operation achievement rate of the operation panel X and the operation panel Y of the ceiling cassette type bathroom heating and drying apparatus, and the wall-mounted design panel Z. 18 (a) is a bar graph showing the relationship between the basic operation achievement rate and the recommended operation panel, and FIG. 18 (b) is a bar graph showing the relationship between the applied operation achievement rate and the recommended operation panel. FIGS. 18A and 18B further show the operation achievement rates of the ceiling cassette type test operation panel G and the wall mounted type test operation panel F, respectively, for comparison. The basic operation achievement rate of the operation panel of the ceiling cassette type bathroom heating / drying apparatus has significantly increased from 38% of the operation panel G to 80% of the operation panel X and 76% of the operation panel Y for the elderly. The same results can be obtained with the ceiling cassette type application operation achievement rate, the wall-mount type basic operation achievement rate, and the application operation achievement rate.It can be said that the recommendation proposal has greatly improved the operation achievement rate. It was confirmed that the operation error was reduced by designing the operation panel based on this.
[0071]
In the present embodiment, the operation panel for operating the bathroom heating / drying apparatus is used. However, an operation panel having a timer reservation function, or a plurality of operation sections can be individually operated, and a plurality of operation sections are provided. Any of the operation panels provided with a common function for at least two of them, and provided with an operation switch for a common function that can be commonly used for an operation section related to the common function, may be used as a bathroom heating / drying apparatus. It is not limited to.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current product of a wall-mounted test operation panel.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a current state of the wall-mounted test operation panel.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a current product of a wall-mounted test operation panel.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current state of the wall-mounted test operation panel.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a current product of a wall-mounted test operation panel.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a current product of a wall-mounted test operation panel.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a current product of a ceiling cassette type test operation panel.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a current product of a ceiling cassette type test operation panel.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a ceiling cassette type operation panel according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a ceiling cassette type operation panel according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a wall-mounted operation panel according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a process of designing an operation panel according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a test operation panel and a guideline score of a recommended plan.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an operation achievement rate for each test operation panel.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an operation achievement rate for each test operation panel.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a result of a subjective report of usability of the test operation panel.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a correlation between a subjective report of ease of use of a test operation panel, a guideline score, and an operation achievement rate.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an operation achievement rate for each operation panel in a verification experiment of the operation panel according to the present invention and the operation panel to be compared.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a design guideline according to the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a design guideline according to the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a design guideline according to the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a design guideline according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H: Test operation panel
X, Y, Z: Recommendation
11, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81: normal operation switch
42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 101, 111, 121: reservation switch
73, 83: Function display
74: Operation switch
75, 76, 103, 104, 113, 114: switch group
102, 112, 122: operation stop switch

Claims (5)

An operation panel having a timer reservation function and a plurality of other functions, and including a plurality of operation switches for operating the functions,
An operation panel, wherein a function display of a reservation switch for starting a reservation operation includes a function name related to timer reservation and characters of the reservation. An operation panel having a plurality of functions including a timer reservation function and including a plurality of operation switches for operating the functions,
The operation procedure of the operation switch according to the reservation operation is configured to execute the timer time setting after operating the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation, and execute the timer determination operation after the timer time setting. An operation panel wherein the setting of the timer time is determined regardless of whether or not the timer is set. An operation panel having a timer reservation function and a plurality of other functions, and including a plurality of operation switches for operating the functions,
The function display of the reservation switch for starting the reservation operation includes a function name related to timer reservation and a character of the reservation, and the operation procedure of the operation switch related to the reservation operation includes a timer time after operating the reservation switch. An operation panel configured to execute a setting, and wherein the setting of the timer time is determined after the timer time is set, regardless of whether or not a timer fixing operation is performed. An operation panel having a plurality of functions, including a plurality of operation switches for operating the functions, and configured to be capable of individually operating a plurality of operation sections,
There is provided a function common to at least two of the plurality of operation sections, and an operation switch for the common function is provided, which can be commonly used for the operation sections related to the common function,
A switch group corresponding to a function provided independently of each of the plurality of operation sections is grouped in a single area visually distinguishable from the others on the same surface of the operation panel for each operation section. An operation panel, wherein at least one side of a boundary line of the area at the same relative position is arranged in a straight line vertically or horizontally. When the operation switch arranged on the surface of the operation panel has a corresponding function display, the function display is arranged closer to other function displays,
The operation panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operation stop switch is provided as a single function.

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