JP2004012483A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004012483A
JP2004012483A JP2002161424A JP2002161424A JP2004012483A JP 2004012483 A JP2004012483 A JP 2004012483A JP 2002161424 A JP2002161424 A JP 2002161424A JP 2002161424 A JP2002161424 A JP 2002161424A JP 2004012483 A JP2004012483 A JP 2004012483A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
unit
transfer
image forming
forming apparatus
image
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Pending
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JP2002161424A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Satoshi Nishida
西田 聡
Hiroaki Miho
三保 広晃
Shigetaka Kurosu
黒須 重隆
Hiroshi Morimoto
森本 浩史
Masashi Saito
齊藤 正志
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Konica Minolta Inc
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Konica Minolta Inc
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Priority to JP2002161424A priority Critical patent/JP2004012483A/en
Publication of JP2004012483A publication Critical patent/JP2004012483A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect toner adhesion amount without particularly using a means for detecting toner adhesion amount on an image plane, to shorten fixing warm-up time, and to drastically shorten image optimizing control time required as preparation time at the time of starting. <P>SOLUTION: The image forming apparatus has an electrifying means, an exposure means, a developing means, and a cleaning means arranged on a photoreceptor and on the periphery thereof, and has a primary transfer means which the photoreceptor directly comes into contact with so as to primarily transfer a toner image formed on the photoreceptor to transfer material and fixing means. In the apparatus, the adhesion amount of toner is detected from an output voltage value generated in a power source in the case of applying voltage to the primary transfer means or an output current value flowing to the primary transfer means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は転写材や中間転写体へ感光体が直接接触してトナー像の転写を行う一次転写手段を利用して、該一次転写手段の電源に生じる出力電圧値や出力電流値によりトナーの付着量を検知するようにした画像形成装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、電子写真用の画像形成装置においては、転写ローラ等の転写手段を感光体や無端ベルト状中間転写体に押圧して感光体上のトナー像を中間転写体又は転写材に転写させる手段を設けていたが、トナー像のない状態において転写手段の電圧を印加しその電圧又は電流値を検知して最適と考えられる電圧又は電流値を設定していた。しかし、今まで転写手段を利用してトナー付着量を検知するものは全くなく、感光体や無端ベルト状中間転写体上のトナー量を検知するためには転写手段とは別にフォトセンサー等を設け、検知用にトナーパッチを作成し、その反射光量を電圧又は電流値に変換してそれをモニタすることでトナー付着量を検知していた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、このようなシステムでは、転写手段があるにも関わらず、転写手段は転写の手段としてのみに用い、それに印加される電圧又は電流とトナー付着量との関係に注目することなく、別にトナー量検知手段を設けて余計なコストがかかる仕組みになっていた。また、画像形成前に、転写電圧や電流を最適化するために一度電圧を印加し、更にトナー量検知のために反射光量測定検出のために新たにトナー像の標準パッチを作成しなければならず時間がかかり、更には、このために機械全体を動作するため、朝等の始動時にウオームアップ短縮のためにほとんど定着装置に電力を使いたいところが、モーターやセンサー等の機械動作に電力を使わざるを得なく、ウオームアップ時間が余計にかかるといった問題も発生する。
【0004】
本発明はこのような問題を解決して、フォトセンサー等を用いずに画像上のトナー量を最適化するようにした画像形成装置を提供することを課題目的にする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この目的は次の技術手段(1)〜(18)項の何れか1項によって達成される。
【0006】
(1) 感光体及びその周辺に配置した帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段、クリーニング手段を有し、前記感光体上に作成されるトナー像を転写材へ前記感光体が直接接触して一次転写させる一次転写手段と定着手段とを有する画像形成装置において、前記一次転写手段に電圧を印加した際の電源に生じる出力電圧値又は前記一次転写手段に流れる出力電流値によりトナーの付着量を検知することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
【0007】
(2) 複数の感光体及び該複数の感光体の周辺に対応して配置した複数の帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段、クリーニング手段を有し、前記複数の感光体上に作成される各トナー像を中間転写体へ前記複数の感光体が直接接触して一次転写させて重ね合わせる一次転写手段と、該中間転写体上の一次転写像を転写材に転写させる二次転写手段と定着手段とを有する画像形成装置において、前記一次転写手段に電圧を印加した際の電源に生じる出力電圧値又は前記一次転写手段に流れる出力電流値によりトナーの付着量を検知することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
【0008】
(3) 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体上の潜像を形成する前記露光手段の出力値にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0009】
(4) 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体上の潜像をトナー像に現像する前記現像手段の設定条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0010】
(5) 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体を帯電する前記帯電手段の帯電条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0011】
(6) 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記一次転写手段の転写電流又は転写電圧にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0012】
(7) 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記定着手段の定着条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0013】
(8) 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記クリーニング手段のクリーニング条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0014】
(9) 前記トナー像に用いるトナーの個数平均粒子径が3〜8μmであることを特徴とする(1)〜(8)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0015】
(10) 前記感光体はドラム形状であることを特徴とする(1)〜(9)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0016】
(11) 前記中間転写体は無端ベルト状中間転写体であることを特徴とする(2)〜(10)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0017】
(12) 前記感光体から前記転写材又は前記中間転写体への一次転写手段としての一次転写ローラの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり、定電流制御することを特徴とする(1)〜(11)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0018】
(13) 前記中間転写体から転写材へ転写像を二次転写させる二次転写手段を有し、該二次転写手段が中間転写体とそれに重なる転写材を挟み込むように配置したバックアップローラと二次転写部材としての二次転写ローラからなり、前記バックアップローラの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり、前記二次転写ローラの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり定電流制御をすることを特徴とする(2)〜(12)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0019】
(14) 前記トナー像に用いるトナーは形状係数の変動係数が16%以下であり、個数粒度分布における個数変動係数が27%以下であることを特徴とする(1)〜(13)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0020】
(15) 前記感光体から前記中間転写体への一次転写手段の相対的な位置は、該感光体と該中間転写体との接触領域の中心点よりも回転方向上流側と下流側に10mm以内であることを特徴とする(2)〜(14)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0021】
(16) 前記一次転写手段の位置は前記中間転写体と前記感光体の接触領域の中心点よりも中間転写体進行方向下流側に位置することを特徴とする(2)〜(15)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0022】
(17) 前記中間転写体から転写材への二次転写手段の相対的な位置は、中間転写体と二次転写手段としての二次転写ローラとの接触領域の中心点よりも回転方向上流側、下流側に20mm以内であることを特徴とする(2)〜(16)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0023】
(18) トナー付着量検知の際、作成するパッチの軸方向長さは転写手段が像担持体やベルト等に接する長さ以上であることを特徴とする(1)〜(17)項の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。
【0024】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。なお、本欄の記載は請求項の技術的範囲や用語の意義を限定するものではない。また、以下の、本発明の実施の形態における断定的な説明は、ベストモードを示すものであって、本発明の用語の意義や技術的範囲を限定するものではない。
【0025】
図1に示す画像形成装置1は、本発明の定着装置が装着されたデジタル方式によるモノクロの画像形成装置であって、画像読取り部A、画像処理部B、画像形成部C、転写材搬送手段としての転写材搬送部Dから構成されている。
【0026】
画像読取り部Aの上部には原稿を自動搬送する自動原稿送り手段が設けられていて、原稿載置台11上に載置された原稿は原稿搬送ローラ12によって1枚宛分離搬送され読み取り位置13aにて画像の読み取りが行われる。原稿読み取りが終了した原稿は原稿搬送ローラ12によって原稿排紙皿14上に排出される。
【0027】
一方、プラテンガラス13上に置かれた場合の原稿の画像は走査光学系を構成する照明ランプ及び第1ミラーから成る第1ミラーユニット15の速度vによる読み取り動作と、V字状に位置した第2ミラー及び第3ミラーから成る第2ミラーユニット16の同方向への速度v/2による移動によって読み取られる。
【0028】
読み取られた画像は、投影レンズ17を通してラインセンサである撮像素子CCDの受光面に結像される。撮像素子CCD上に結像されたライン状の光学像は順次電気信号(輝度信号)に光電変換されたのちA/D変換を行い、画像処理部Bにおいて濃度変換、フィルタ処理などの処理が施された後、画像データは一旦メモリに記憶される。
【0029】
画像形成部Cでは、画像形成ユニットとして、像担持体であるドラム状の感光体21と、その外周に、該感光体21を帯電させる帯電手段22、帯電した感光体の表面電位を検出する電位検出手段220、現像手段23、転写手段である転写搬送ベルト装置45、前記感光体21のクリーニング装置26及び光除電手段としてのPCL(プレチャージランプ)27が各々動作順に配置されている。また、今までは、現像手段23の下流側には感光体21上に現像されたパッチ像の反射濃度を測定する反射濃度検出手段222(本符号を破線にて囲って示す)が設けられていたが、本発明においてはこれを省くことができた。感光体21は、光導電性化合物をドラム基体上に塗布形成したもので、例えば有機感光体(OPC)が好ましく使用され、図示の時計方向に駆動回転される。
【0030】
回転する感光体21へは帯電手段22による一様帯電がなされた後、像露光手段としての露光光学系30により画像処理部Bのメモリから呼び出された画像信号に基づいた像露光が行われる。書き込み手段である像露光手段としての露光光学系30は図示しないレーザーダイオードを発光光源とし、回転するポリゴンミラー31、fθレンズ34、シリンドリカルレンズ35を経て反射ミラー32により光路が曲げられ主走査がなされるもので、感光体21に対してAoの位置において像露光が行われ、感光体21の回転(副走査)によって潜像が形成される。本実施の形態の一例では文字部に対して露光を行い潜像を形成する。
【0031】
感光体21上の潜像は現像手段23によって反転現像が行われ、感光体21の表面に可視像のトナー像が形成される。転写材搬送部Dでは、画像形成ユニットの下方に異なるサイズの転写材Pが収納された転写材収納手段としての給紙ユニット41(A)、41(B)、41(C)が設けられ、また側方には手差し給紙を行う手差し給紙ユニット42が設けられている。そして前記給紙ユニット41(A)、41(B)、41(C)から供給される転写材Pはローラ対を形成する各案内ローラ233,233A及び垂直搬送路40Hを通り、更に案内ローラ43によって搬送路40に沿って給紙され、給紙される転写材Pの傾きと偏りの修正を行うレジストローラ対44によって転写材Pは一時停止を行ったのち再給紙が行われ、搬送路40、転写前ローラ43a、給紙経路46及び進入ガイド板47に案内され、感光体21上のトナー画像が転写位置Boにおいて一次転写手段24としての一次転写ローラ24A及び分離極25によって転写搬送ベルト装置45の転写搬送ベルト454に載置搬送されながら転写材Pに転写され、該転写材Pは感光体21面より分離し、転写搬送ベルト装置45により定着装置50に搬送される。
【0032】
定着装置50は中空回転体Fで形成される定着部材51としての定着ローラと、それを押圧する加圧部材52としての加圧ローラとを有しており、転写材Pを定着部材51と加圧部材52との間を通過させることにより、加熱、加圧によってトナーを定着させる。トナー画像の定着を終えた転写材Pは排紙トレイ64上に排出される。
【0033】
以上は転写材Pの片側への画像形成を行う状態を説明したものであるが、両面複写の場合は排紙切換部材170が切り替わり、用紙案内部177が開放され、転写材Pは破線矢印の方向に搬送される。
【0034】
更に、搬送機構178により転写材Pは下方に搬送され、用紙反転部179によりスイッチバックさせられ、転写材Pの後端部は先端部となって両面複写用給紙ユニット130内に搬送される。
【0035】
転写材Pは両面複写用給紙ユニット130に設けられた搬送ガイド131を給紙方向に移動し、給紙ローラ132で転写材Pを再給紙し、転写材Pを搬送路40に案内する。
【0036】
再び、上述したように感光体21方向に転写材Pを搬送し、転写材Pの裏面にトナー画像を転写し、定着装置50で定着した後、排紙トレイ64に排紙する。
【0037】
以上は全て一次転写だけで転写が完了するモノクロの画像形成装置について記述した。しかし、これとは別に図2の部分概略図に示すように感光体上のトナー画像を一旦中間転写体としての無端ベルト状中間転写体70上に一次転写して更に転写材P上に二次転写する方式がある。これはモノクロでも可能であるが主としてカラー画像形成に用いられる方式である。即ちモノクロ用画像形成では感光体21から転写材Pへの転写は一次転写だけで完了させることができるが、カラー画像形成では、複数組の画像形成部10Y,10M,10C,10Kと、無端ベルト状中間転写体ユニット7とによって、無端ベルト状中間転写体70上に感光体21Y,21M,21C,21Kに形成された各色のトナー像を重ねて一次転写を行い、その複数の重ねられた一次転写像を二次転写位置で二次転写手段5としての二次転写ローラ5Aとバックアップローラ74によって転写材Pへ二次転写を行っている。即ち、イエロー色の画像を形成する画像形成部10Yは、第1の像担持体としてのドラム状の感光体21Y、該感光体21Yの周囲に配置された帯電手段22Y、露光手段30Y、現像手段23Y、一次転写手段24としての一次転写ローラ24Y、クリーニング手段26Yを有する。マゼンタ色の画像を形成する画像形成部10Mは、第1の像担持体としてのドラム状の感光体21M、該感光体21Mの周囲に配置された帯電手段22M、露光手段30M、現像手段23M、一次転写手段24としての一次転写ローラ24M、クリーニング手段26Mを有する。シアン色の画像を形成する画像形成部10Cは、第1の像担持体としてのドラム状の感光体21C、該感光体21Cの周囲に配置された帯電手段22C、露光手段30C、現像手段23C、一次転写手段24としての一次転写ローラ24C、クリーニング手段26Cを有する。黒色画像を形成する画像形成部10Kは、第1の像担持体としてのドラム状の感光体21K、該感光体21Kの周囲に配置された帯電手段22K、露光手段30K、現像手段23K、一次転写手段24としての一次転写ローラ24K、クリーニング手段26Kを有する。
【0038】
無端ベルト状中間転写体ユニット7は、複数のローラ71,72,73,74等により巻回され、回動可能に支持された半導電性エンドレスベルト状の第2の像担持体としての無端ベルト状中間転写体70を有する。尚、前記ローラのうち72は駆動ローラであり74はバックアップローラである。
【0039】
画像形成部10Y,10M,10C,10Kより形成された各色の画像は、一次転写ローラ24Y,24M,24C,24Kにより、回動する無端ベルト状中間転写体70上に逐次転写されて、合成されたカラー画像が形成され、それは更に、二次転写手段5としての二次転写ローラ5Aによって転写材P上に二次転写され定着されて回収される。本発明における感光体上のトナー付着量の制御はカラーの場合においてもモノクロの場合と全く同様に一次転写手段の電圧又は電流値によって制御される。
【0040】
このように、本発明の画像形成装置の一例は、感光体21及びその周辺に配置した帯電手段22、露光手段30、現像手段23、クリーニング手段26を有し、前記感光体21上に作成されるトナー像を転写材Pへ前記感光体21が直接接触して一次転写させる一次転写手段24と定着手段50とを有する画像形成装置において、前記一次転写手段24に電圧を印加した際の電源に生じる出力電圧値又は前記一次転写手段に流れる出力電流値によりトナーの付着量を検知することを特徴とするものである。即ち、予め、感光体上に各量のトナー付着量を持つパッチ像を作成し、通紙時と非通紙時に、該パッチ像を転写するときの転写手段24のモニタ電圧値又は電流値とトナー付着量との関係を図3又は図4に示すグラフのように作成しておき、それに基づき、転写手段24の電源の出力電圧又は出力電流値の検知によってトナー付着量を検知するものである。所望のトナー付着量を得るにはそれに対応した通紙時の出力電圧値又は出力電流値になるように回路抵抗又は電源入力を制御すれば良い。また、始動時に感光体上に作成したトナー付着量の標準パッチを転写電圧又は転写電流値でモニタして標準電圧値又は標準電流値になるように簡単に一次転写手段を補正しておくこともできる。
【0041】
また、本発明の画像形成装置の別の一例は、複数の感光体21Y,21M,21C,21K及び該複数の感光体の周辺に対応して配置した複数の帯電手段22Y,22M,22C,22K、露光手段30Y,30M,30C,30K、現像手段23Y,23M,23C,23K、クリーニング手段26Y,26M,26C,26Kを有し、前記複数の感光体上に作成される各トナー像を無端ベルト状中間転写体70へ前記複数の感光体が直接接触して一次転写させて重ね合わせる一次転写手段としての一次転写ローラ24Y,24M,24C,24Kと、該中間転写体70上の一次転写像を転写材Pに転写させる二次転写ローラ5Aと定着手段50とを有する画像形成装置において、前記一次転写手段に電圧を印加した際の電源に生じる出力電圧値又は前記一次転写手段に流れる出力電流値によりトナーの付着量を検知することを特徴とするものである。即ち、感光体上に各量のトナー付着量を持つパッチ像を作成し、通紙時と非通紙時に、予め、該パッチ像を転写するときの転写手段24のモニタ電圧値又は電流値とトナー付着量との関係を図3又は図4に示すグラフのように作成しておき、それに基づき、転写手段24の電源の出力電圧又は出力電流値の検知によってトナー付着量を検知するものである。所望のトナー付着量を得るにはそれに対応した通紙時の出力電圧値又は出力電流値になるように回路抵抗又は電源入力を制御すれば良い。また、始動時に感光体上に作成したトナー付着量の標準パッチを転写電圧又は転写電流値でモニタして標準電圧値又は標準電流値になるように簡単に一次転写手段を補正しておくこともできる。
【0042】
また、前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、その値に応じて、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、図5のグラフに示すように、前記感光体上の潜像を形成する露光手段30,30Y,30M,30C,30Kの出力値にフィードバックさせることによって適正画像を得ることができる。
【0043】
また、前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、図3又は図4のグラフに照らしてその出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体21,21Y,21M,21C,21K上の潜像をトナー像に現像する現像手段23,23Y,23M,23C,23Kの現像バイアス等の設定条件にフィードバックさせることによって適正画像を得ることができる。
【0044】
また、前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、図3又は図4のグラフに照らして該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体を帯電する帯電手段22,22Y,22M,22C,22Kの帯電条件にフィードバックさせることによって適正画像を得ることができる。
【0045】
また、前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、図3又は図4のグラフに照らして該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記一次転写手段24の転写電流又は転写電圧にフィードバックさせることによって適正画像を得ることができる。
【0046】
また、前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、図3又は図4のグラフに照らして該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、定着温度等の定着条件にフィードバックさせることによって適正画像を得ることができる。
【0047】
また、前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、図3又は図4のグラフに照らして該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、クリーニング手段26,26Y,26M,26C,26Kのクリーニングブレード等のクリーニング条件にフィードバックさせることによって常に汚れの無い適正画像を得ることができる。
【0048】
前記トナー像に用いるトナーの個数平均粒子径が3〜8μmであることが画質やトナーの消費量の節減の点から望ましい。
【0049】
前記感光体はドラム形状であることが加工の容易さと精密加工精度の出し易さの点から望ましい。
【0050】
前記中間転写体は無端ベルト状中間転写体70であることが画像形成装置のスペースを決める自由度が高く望ましい。
【0051】
前記感光体から前記中間転写体への一次転写手段としての一次転写ローラの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり、定電流制御することがオゾンの発生も殆どなくハジキも起こらず望ましい。
【0052】
前記中間転写体から転写材へ転写像を二次転写させる二次転写手段を有し、該二次転写手段が中間転写体とそれに重なる転写材を挟み込むように配置したバックアップローラ74と二次転写部材としての二次転写ローラ5Aからなり、前記バックアップローラ74の抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり、前記二次転写ローラ5Aの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり定電流制御をすることがオゾンの発生も殆どなくハジキも起こらず望ましい。
【0053】
前記トナー像に用いるトナーは形状係数の変動係数が16%以下であり、個数粒度分布における個数変動係数が27%以下であることが画質やトナーの消費量の節減の点から望ましい。
【0054】
前記感光体21Y,21M,21C,21Kから前記中間転写体への一次転写手段の相対的な位置は、図6の模式図及び表1に示すように該感光体21Y,21M,21C,21Kと該中間転写体との接触領域の中心点よりも回転方向上流側、下流側10mm以内であれば、感光体と中間転写体の当たり具合が一様で良好であり転写性が安定するので好ましい。
【0055】
【表1】

Figure 2004012483
【0056】
しかし、本発明の画像形成装置においては、文字チリの現象の起こる観点から見ると同じく表1に示すように、前記一次転写手段24の位置は前記中間転写体と前記感光体の接触領域の中心点よりも中間転写体進行方向下流側に位置することが好ましいことが分かる。
【0057】
前記中間転写体から転写材への二次転写手段の相対的な位置は、中間転写体と二次転写手段としての二次転写ローラとの接触領域の中心点よりも回転方向上流側、下流側に20mm以内であることが望ましい。これは、二次転写ローラ5Aの中間転写体に対する押圧力が一次転写ローラ24Y,24M,24C,24Kの感光体21Y,21M,21C,21Kに対する押圧力の10倍近くにしてあり、ニップ量も大きいので表2に示すように中間転写体の進行方向上流及び下流に20mmの間は当たり具合が一様で転写性も良好で好ましいが、文字チリに関しては同じく表2に示すように上流側にあることは好ましくなく下流側にあることが望ましいという結果になっている。
【0058】
【表2】
Figure 2004012483
【0059】
トナー付着量検知の際、作成するパッチの軸方向長さは転写手段が感光体21,21Y,21M,21C,21Kや無端ベルト状中間転写体70に接する長さ以上であることが望ましい。
【0060】
次に本発明の画像形成装置を運転して行った実施の形態例を記す。
本発明の実施の形態例の画像形成装置であるモノクロ複写機は前述の図1に示すものであり、その主な仕様を示すと下記のようになる。
【0061】
L/Sは180mm/sである。
感光体のドラム径は60mmであり、有機半導体層としてフタロシアニン顔料をポリカーボネイトに分散させたものを塗布した。電荷輸送層を含めた感光体層の膜厚を25μmにした。
【0062】
感光体の非画像部の電位は、電位センサで検知しフィードバック制御(制御可能範囲は−500V〜−900V)し、全露光電位は−50〜0Vにした。
【0063】
露光はレーザー走査方式で行うよう、半導体レーザー(LD)を用い、出力は300μWにした。
【0064】
現像は2成分現像方式にした。
一次転写手段としての一次転写ローラ(発泡ローラ)を感光体面に対向して外径20mm、抵抗値1×10Ωに一次転写ローラとして設置し、20μAの定電流制御を行った。
【0065】
定着は定着手段24の内部にヒータを配置したローラ定着を用いた。
無端ベルト状中間転写体70上の感光体と次色感光体の距離は95mmにした。
【0066】
一次転写手段である一次転写ローラの外径は20mmにした。
一次転写ローラの押圧力は4.9Nにした。
【0067】
現像手段としての現像器中のトナー濃度は4質量%にした。
転写によるトナー量検知制御を行うに際し、画像形成前制御として紙等の転写材を介さず感光体に押圧した場合と、転写材を介して感光体に押圧した場合とで、転写手段の電源に電圧を印加した。その時の転写手段にかかる出力電圧値をモニタし、転写手段の抵抗値やトナー付着量を図3、図4、図5のグラフから割り出し、レーザーパワーを調整した。
【0068】
以上の構成にて、20万回の連続プリントを実施し、画像上のトナー付着状態は過不足無く安定していて良好であり高画質が得られ、プリント上の不具合は全く見られなかった。
【0069】
【発明の効果】
画面上のトナー付着量検知手段を特別に用いずにトナー付着量を検知でき、それと共に定着ウオームアップ時間を短縮でき、また、始動時の準備時間として要する画像最適化制御時間を大きく短縮できた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態の一例のモノクロ用画像形成装置を示す断面構成図である。
【図2】本発明の実施の形態の一例のカラー画像形成装置を示す部分概略図である。
【図3】転写材がある場合と無い場合における電圧値をモニタし転写手段の電圧値とトナー付着量の関係を示すグラフである。
【図4】転写電流とトナー付着量の関係を示すグラフである。
【図5】露光手段としてのレーザパワーとトナー付着量の関係を示すグラフである。
【図6】感光体と中間転写体と一次転写ローラとの位置関係を示す模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1 画像形成装置
5A 二次転写ローラ
21,21Y,21M,21C,21K 感光体
22,22Y,22M,22C,22K 帯電手段
23,23Y,23M,23C,23K 現像手段
24 一次転写手段
24A,24Y,24M,24C,24K 一次転写ローラ
26,26Y,26M,26C,26K クリーニング手段
30,30Y,30M,30C,30K 露光手段
50 定着装置
51 定着部材
52 加圧部材
70 中間転写体(無端ベルト状中間転写体)[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention utilizes primary transfer means for transferring a toner image by directly contacting a photosensitive member with a transfer material or an intermediate transfer body, and applying toner to the toner by an output voltage value or an output current value generated at a power supply of the primary transfer means. The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus configured to detect an amount.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in an image forming apparatus for electrophotography, means for transferring a toner image on a photoconductor to an intermediate transfer body or a transfer material by pressing a transfer unit such as a transfer roller against a photoconductor or an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body However, the voltage or current value of the transfer unit is applied in a state where there is no toner image, and the voltage or current value is detected to set the voltage or current value considered to be optimal. However, there has been no device that uses the transfer device to detect the amount of attached toner. To detect the amount of toner on the photoreceptor or the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer member, a photo sensor is provided separately from the transfer device. Then, a toner patch is created for detection, the reflected light amount is converted into a voltage or current value, and the value is monitored to detect the toner adhesion amount.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a system, in spite of the transfer means, the transfer means is used only as a transfer means, and the toner is separately transferred without paying attention to the relationship between the voltage or current applied thereto and the toner adhesion amount. An extra cost was required by providing an amount detection means. Before image formation, a voltage must be applied once to optimize the transfer voltage and current, and a new standard patch of the toner image must be created for detecting the amount of reflected light for detecting the amount of toner. It takes a lot of time, and because of this, the entire machine is operated.Thus, when starting in the morning or the like, most of the power is used for the fixing device to reduce the warm-up time. Inevitably, a problem that extra warm-up time is required also occurs.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus which solves such a problem and optimizes the amount of toner on an image without using a photo sensor or the like.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This object is achieved by any one of the following technical means (1) to (18).
[0006]
(1) A photosensitive member and a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a cleaning unit disposed around the photosensitive member, and the toner image formed on the photosensitive member is directly contacted with a transfer material by a primary transfer of the photosensitive member. In an image forming apparatus having a primary transfer unit and a fixing unit, an amount of toner adhered is detected based on an output voltage value generated at a power supply when a voltage is applied to the primary transfer unit or an output current value flowing through the primary transfer unit. An image forming apparatus comprising:
[0007]
(2) a plurality of photoconductors, and a plurality of charging units, exposing units, developing units, and cleaning units arranged corresponding to the periphery of the plurality of photoconductors, and each toner formed on the plurality of photoconductors A primary transfer means for directly transferring the image to the intermediate transfer body by primary contact with the plurality of photoconductors and superimposing the primary transfer means; a secondary transfer means and a fixing means for transferring the primary transfer image on the intermediate transfer body to a transfer material; Wherein the amount of toner adhesion is detected based on an output voltage value generated at a power supply when a voltage is applied to the primary transfer unit or an output current value flowing through the primary transfer unit. .
[0008]
(3) detecting an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit and feeding back the output voltage value or the output current value to an output value of the exposure unit that forms a latent image on the photoconductor; The image forming apparatus according to the above (1) or (2).
[0009]
(4) An output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a setting condition of the developing unit for developing a latent image on the photoconductor into a toner image. The image forming apparatus according to (1) or (2), wherein:
[0010]
(5) An output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a charging condition of the charging unit that charges the photoconductor. The image forming apparatus according to (1) or (2).
[0011]
(6) An output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer means is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a transfer current or a transfer voltage of the primary transfer means (1). Or, the image forming apparatus according to the above mode (2).
[0012]
(7) An output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a fixing condition of the fixing unit (1) or (2). Item 10. The image forming apparatus according to item 1.
[0013]
(8) An output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a cleaning condition of the cleaning unit (1) or (2). Item 10. The image forming apparatus according to item 1.
[0014]
(9) The image forming apparatus according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the number average particle diameter of the toner used for the toner image is 3 to 8 μm.
[0015]
(10) The image forming apparatus according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the photoconductor has a drum shape.
[0016]
(11) The image forming apparatus according to any one of (2) to (10), wherein the intermediate transfer body is an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body.
[0017]
(12) The resistance value of a primary transfer roller as a primary transfer means from the photosensitive member to the transfer material or the intermediate transfer member is 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 10 Ω, and constant current control is performed. The image forming apparatus according to any one of (1) to (11).
[0018]
(13) a secondary transfer means for secondary-transferring a transfer image from the intermediate transfer body to a transfer material, wherein the secondary transfer means is provided with a backup roller disposed so as to sandwich the intermediate transfer body and a transfer material overlapping therewith; The backup roller includes a secondary transfer roller as a secondary transfer member. The backup roller has a resistance value of 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 10 Ω, and the secondary transfer roller has a resistance value of 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 10. The image forming apparatus according to any one of the above items (2) to (12), wherein the image forming device performs constant current control using Ω.
[0019]
(14) The toner according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the toner used for the toner image has a variation coefficient of a shape factor of 16% or less and a number variation coefficient in a number particle size distribution of 27% or less. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
[0020]
(15) The relative position of the primary transfer means from the photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer member is within 10 mm on the upstream and downstream sides in the rotational direction from the center of the contact area between the photosensitive member and the intermediate transfer member. The image forming apparatus according to any one of (2) to (14), wherein
[0021]
(16) The method according to any one of (2) to (15), wherein the position of the primary transfer unit is located downstream of a center point of a contact area between the intermediate transfer member and the photosensitive member in a direction in which the intermediate transfer member advances. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
[0022]
(17) The relative position of the secondary transfer means from the intermediate transfer body to the transfer material is on the upstream side in the rotation direction from the center point of the contact area between the intermediate transfer body and the secondary transfer roller as the secondary transfer means. The image forming apparatus according to any one of (2) to (16), wherein the distance is within 20 mm on the downstream side.
[0023]
(18) When detecting the amount of adhered toner, the length of the patch to be created in the axial direction is longer than the length of the transfer unit in contact with the image carrier, the belt, or the like. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
[0024]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. Note that the description in this column does not limit the technical scope of the claims and the meaning of terms. Also, the following assertive description in the embodiment of the present invention indicates the best mode, and does not limit the meaning of the terms of the present invention or the technical scope.
[0025]
An image forming apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a digital monochrome image forming apparatus to which a fixing device of the present invention is attached, and includes an image reading unit A, an image processing unit B, an image forming unit C, and a transfer material conveying unit. And a transfer material transporting unit D as a transfer material.
[0026]
An automatic document feeder for automatically transporting a document is provided above the image reading unit A. The document placed on the document table 11 is separated and transported one by one by a document transport roller 12, and is moved to a reading position 13a. Image is read. The document for which reading of the document has been completed is discharged onto the document discharge tray 14 by the document conveying roller 12.
[0027]
On the other hand, when the image of the original placed on the platen glass 13 is read at a speed v of a first mirror unit 15 including an illumination lamp and a first mirror constituting a scanning optical system, and a V-shaped second image is read. Reading is performed by moving the second mirror unit 16 including the second mirror and the third mirror in the same direction at the speed v / 2.
[0028]
The read image is formed on the light receiving surface of the image sensor CCD, which is a line sensor, through the projection lens 17. The linear optical image formed on the image sensor CCD is sequentially subjected to A / D conversion after being photoelectrically converted into an electric signal (luminance signal), and subjected to processing such as density conversion and filter processing in an image processing unit B. After that, the image data is temporarily stored in the memory.
[0029]
In the image forming unit C, a drum-shaped photosensitive member 21 serving as an image carrier is provided as an image forming unit, and a charging unit 22 for charging the photosensitive member 21 is provided on the outer periphery thereof. A detecting unit 220, a developing unit 23, a transfer / conveying belt device 45 as a transferring unit, a cleaning device 26 for the photoconductor 21, and a PCL (precharge lamp) 27 as a light removing unit are arranged in the order of operation. Up to now, on the downstream side of the developing means 23, there has been provided a reflection density detecting means 222 (shown by a dashed line) for measuring the reflection density of the patch image developed on the photoreceptor 21. However, this could be omitted in the present invention. The photoreceptor 21 is formed by applying a photoconductive compound on a drum substrate. For example, an organic photoreceptor (OPC) is preferably used, and is driven to rotate clockwise in the drawing.
[0030]
After the rotating photoconductor 21 is uniformly charged by the charging unit 22, the exposure optical system 30 as the image exposure unit performs image exposure based on the image signal called from the memory of the image processing unit B. An exposure optical system 30 serving as an image exposure means as a writing means uses a laser diode (not shown) as a light emission light source, passes through a rotating polygon mirror 31, an fθ lens 34, and a cylindrical lens 35, and the optical path is bent by a reflection mirror 32 to perform main scanning. In this case, image exposure is performed on the photoconductor 21 at the position of Ao, and a latent image is formed by rotation (sub-scan) of the photoconductor 21. In an example of the present embodiment, a latent image is formed by exposing a character portion.
[0031]
The latent image on the photoconductor 21 is subjected to reversal development by the developing unit 23, and a visible toner image is formed on the surface of the photoconductor 21. In the transfer material transport section D, paper feed units 41 (A), 41 (B), and 41 (C) are provided below the image forming unit as transfer material storage means in which transfer materials P of different sizes are stored. A manual paper feed unit 42 for performing manual paper feed is provided on the side. The transfer material P supplied from the paper feed units 41 (A), 41 (B) and 41 (C) passes through the guide rollers 233 and 233A forming a roller pair and the vertical transport path 40H, and further passes through the guide rollers 43. The transfer material P is fed along the conveyance path 40, and the transfer material P is temporarily stopped by a pair of registration rollers 44 for correcting the inclination and deviation of the fed transfer material P, and then re-fed, and The toner image on the photoreceptor 21 is guided by the pre-transfer roller 43a, the paper feed path 46, and the entry guide plate 47 so that the toner image on the photoreceptor 21 is transferred at the transfer position Bo by the primary transfer roller 24A and the separation pole 25 as the primary transfer means 24. The transfer material P is transferred onto the transfer material P while being placed and transported on the transfer transport belt 454 of the device 45, and the transfer material P is separated from the surface of the photoconductor 21 and fixed by the transfer transport belt device 45. It is transported to 50.
[0032]
The fixing device 50 includes a fixing roller as a fixing member 51 formed by the hollow rotary member F and a pressing roller as a pressing member 52 for pressing the fixing member 51. By passing between the pressure member 52 and the pressure member 52, the toner is fixed by heating and pressing. The transfer material P on which the toner image has been fixed is discharged onto the paper discharge tray 64.
[0033]
The above is a description of a state in which image formation is performed on one side of the transfer material P. However, in the case of double-sided copying, the discharge switching member 170 is switched, the paper guide portion 177 is opened, and the transfer material P is indicated by a broken arrow. Conveyed in the direction.
[0034]
Further, the transfer material P is transported downward by the transport mechanism 178, is switched back by the sheet reversing unit 179, and the rear end portion of the transfer material P is transported into the double-sided copy feeding unit 130 as the leading end. .
[0035]
The transfer material P is moved in the sheet feeding direction on a conveyance guide 131 provided in the sheet feeding unit 130 for duplex copying, the sheet is fed again by the sheet feeding roller 132, and the transfer material P is guided to the conveyance path 40. .
[0036]
Again, as described above, the transfer material P is transported in the direction of the photoconductor 21, the toner image is transferred to the back surface of the transfer material P, and is fixed by the fixing device 50, and then is discharged to the discharge tray 64.
[0037]
In the above, a monochrome image forming apparatus in which transfer is completed only by primary transfer has been described. However, separately from this, as shown in the partial schematic diagram of FIG. 2, the toner image on the photoreceptor is temporarily primary-transferred onto an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 as an intermediate transfer body, and further secondary-transferred onto the transfer material P. There is a transfer method. This is a method that can be used in monochrome, but is mainly used for color image formation. That is, in monochrome image formation, transfer from the photoconductor 21 to the transfer material P can be completed only by primary transfer, but in color image formation, a plurality of sets of image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, 10K and an endless belt The toner image of each color formed on the photoconductors 21Y, 21M, 21C and 21K is superimposed on the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 by the intermediate transfer body unit 7, and primary transfer is performed. The secondary transfer of the transferred image to the transfer material P is performed at the secondary transfer position by the secondary transfer roller 5A as the secondary transfer unit 5 and the backup roller 74. That is, the image forming unit 10Y that forms a yellow image includes a drum-shaped photoconductor 21Y as a first image carrier, a charging unit 22Y disposed around the photoconductor 21Y, an exposure unit 30Y, and a developing unit. 23Y, a primary transfer roller 24Y as a primary transfer unit 24, and a cleaning unit 26Y. The image forming unit 10M that forms a magenta image includes a drum-shaped photoconductor 21M as a first image carrier, a charging unit 22M disposed around the photoconductor 21M, an exposure unit 30M, a developing unit 23M, A primary transfer roller 24M as the primary transfer unit 24 and a cleaning unit 26M are provided. The image forming unit 10C for forming a cyan image includes a drum-shaped photoconductor 21C as a first image carrier, a charging unit 22C disposed around the photoconductor 21C, an exposure unit 30C, a developing unit 23C, It has a primary transfer roller 24C as the primary transfer unit 24 and a cleaning unit 26C. The image forming unit 10K for forming a black image includes a drum-shaped photoconductor 21K as a first image carrier, a charging unit 22K arranged around the photoconductor 21K, an exposure unit 30K, a developing unit 23K, and a primary transfer. It has a primary transfer roller 24K as a unit 24 and a cleaning unit 26K.
[0038]
The endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body unit 7 is wound around a plurality of rollers 71, 72, 73, 74 and the like, and is a semiconductive endless belt-shaped endless belt that is rotatably supported as a second image carrier. Having a shape-like intermediate transfer member 70. Incidentally, among the rollers, 72 is a drive roller and 74 is a backup roller.
[0039]
Images of each color formed by the image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K are sequentially transferred onto the rotating endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 by the primary transfer rollers 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K, and are combined. A color image is formed, and the color image is further secondary-transferred onto the transfer material P by a secondary transfer roller 5A as a secondary transfer means 5, fixed and collected. In the present invention, the control of the toner adhesion amount on the photosensitive member is controlled by the voltage or current value of the primary transfer means in the case of color as well as in the case of monochrome.
[0040]
As described above, an example of the image forming apparatus of the present invention includes the photosensitive member 21 and the charging unit 22, the exposing unit 30, the developing unit 23, and the cleaning unit 26 disposed around the photosensitive member 21, and is formed on the photosensitive member 21. In the image forming apparatus having the primary transfer means 24 and the fixing means 50 for directly transferring the toner image to the transfer material P by the photoreceptor 21 in the primary transfer, a power supply when a voltage is applied to the primary transfer means 24 The amount of adhered toner is detected based on the generated output voltage value or the output current value flowing through the primary transfer means. That is, a patch image having a toner adhesion amount of each amount is created in advance on the photoreceptor, and a monitor voltage value or a current value of the transfer unit 24 when transferring the patch image at the time of paper passing and at the time of non-paper passing are described. The relationship with the toner adhesion amount is created as shown in the graph of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, and the toner adhesion amount is detected by detecting the output voltage or output current value of the power supply of the transfer unit 24 based on the relationship. . In order to obtain a desired toner adhesion amount, the circuit resistance or the power supply input may be controlled so that the output voltage value or the output current value at the time of paper passing corresponding thereto is obtained. It is also possible to monitor the standard patch of the toner adhesion amount created on the photoconductor at the time of start-up with the transfer voltage or the transfer current value and easily correct the primary transfer means so that the standard voltage value or the standard current value is obtained. it can.
[0041]
Further, another example of the image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a plurality of photoconductors 21Y, 21M, 21C, 21K and a plurality of charging units 22Y, 22M, 22C, 22K arranged corresponding to the periphery of the plurality of photoconductors. , Exposure means 30Y, 30M, 30C, 30K, developing means 23Y, 23M, 23C, 23K, cleaning means 26Y, 26M, 26C, 26K, and an endless belt for transferring each toner image created on the plurality of photoconductors. Primary transfer rollers 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K as primary transfer means in which the plurality of photoconductors are in direct contact with each other and primary-transferred and superimposed on the intermediate transfer body 70; In an image forming apparatus having a secondary transfer roller 5A for transferring to a transfer material P and a fixing unit 50, an output generated at a power supply when a voltage is applied to the primary transfer unit It is characterized in that for detecting the amount of adhered toner by the output value of the current flowing through the pressure value or the first transfer means. That is, a patch image having each amount of toner adhered is formed on the photosensitive member, and a monitor voltage value or a current value of the transfer unit 24 at the time of transferring the patch image is determined in advance when the sheet is passed and when the sheet is not passed. The relationship with the toner adhesion amount is created as shown in the graph of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, and the toner adhesion amount is detected by detecting the output voltage or output current value of the power supply of the transfer unit 24 based on the relationship. . In order to obtain a desired toner adhesion amount, the circuit resistance or the power supply input may be controlled so that the output voltage value or the output current value at the time of paper passing corresponding thereto is obtained. It is also possible to monitor the standard patch of the toner adhesion amount created on the photoconductor at the time of start-up with the transfer voltage or the transfer current value and easily correct the primary transfer means so that the standard voltage value or the standard current value is obtained. it can.
[0042]
Further, an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is changed according to the detected value, as shown in the graph of FIG. A suitable image can be obtained by feeding back to the output values of the exposure means 30, 30Y, 30M, 30C, and 30K for forming the image.
[0043]
Further, an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer means is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is determined by referring to the graph of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, and the photoconductors 21, 21Y, 21M, 21C, and 21K are detected. An appropriate image can be obtained by feeding back to the setting conditions such as the developing bias of the developing means 23, 23Y, 23M, 23C and 23K for developing the upper latent image into a toner image.
[0044]
Further, an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is determined based on the graph of FIG. 3 or FIG. By feeding back to the charging conditions of 22M, 22C and 22K, an appropriate image can be obtained.
[0045]
Further, the output voltage value or the output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is converted to the transfer current or the transfer voltage of the primary transfer unit 24 by referring to the graph of FIG. An appropriate image can be obtained by feedback.
[0046]
In addition, the output voltage value or the output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to fixing conditions such as a fixing temperature by referring to the graph of FIG. 3 or FIG. Images can be obtained.
[0047]
In addition, the output voltage value or the output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is determined based on the graph of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 by the cleaning unit 26, 26Y, 26M, 26C, 26K. By feeding back to the cleaning conditions such as the cleaning blade, it is possible to always obtain a proper image free of contamination.
[0048]
It is desirable that the number average particle diameter of the toner used for the toner image is 3 to 8 μm from the viewpoint of image quality and saving of toner consumption.
[0049]
It is desirable that the photoreceptor has a drum shape from the viewpoint of easy processing and easy processing of precision processing.
[0050]
It is desirable that the intermediate transfer member is an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer member 70 because the degree of freedom for determining the space of the image forming apparatus is high.
[0051]
The resistance value of a primary transfer roller as a primary transfer means from the photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer member is 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 10 Ω, and constant current control hardly generates ozone and cissing occurs. Not desirable.
[0052]
A secondary transfer means for secondary-transferring a transfer image from the intermediate transfer body to a transfer material, the secondary transfer means including a backup roller 74 disposed so as to sandwich the intermediate transfer body and a transfer material overlapping therewith; The backup roller 74 has a resistance of 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 10 Ω, and the secondary transfer roller 5A has a resistance of 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 5. It is desirable to control the current at 10 Ω and to control the current at a constant level, with almost no generation of ozone and no cissing.
[0053]
The toner used for the toner image preferably has a shape coefficient variation coefficient of 16% or less and a number variation coefficient in the number particle size distribution of 27% or less from the viewpoint of image quality and saving of toner consumption.
[0054]
As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 6 and Table 1, the relative positions of the primary transfer means from the photoconductors 21Y, 21M, 21C, and 21K to the photoconductors 21Y, 21M, 21C, and 21K. It is preferable that the contact distance between the photosensitive member and the intermediate transfer member is uniform and good, and the transferability is stable.
[0055]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004012483
[0056]
However, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the position of the primary transfer unit 24 is located at the center of the contact area between the intermediate transfer member and the photosensitive member as shown in Table 1 from the viewpoint of occurrence of the character dust phenomenon. It can be seen that it is preferably located downstream of the point in the direction of travel of the intermediate transfer member.
[0057]
The relative position of the secondary transfer means from the intermediate transfer body to the transfer material is in the rotationally upstream or downstream direction from the center point of the contact area between the intermediate transfer body and the secondary transfer roller as the secondary transfer means. It is preferably within 20 mm. This is because the pressing force of the secondary transfer roller 5A on the intermediate transfer member is close to ten times the pressing force of the primary transfer rollers 24Y, 24M, 24C, and 24K on the photosensitive members 21Y, 21M, 21C, and 21K, and the nip amount is also small. As shown in Table 2, the contact condition is uniform and the transferability is good between 20 mm upstream and downstream in the traveling direction of the intermediate transfer member as shown in Table 2. The consequence of this is that it is undesirable to be downstream.
[0058]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004012483
[0059]
At the time of detecting the toner adhesion amount, it is desirable that the length of the patch to be created in the axial direction is longer than the length of the transfer unit in contact with the photoconductors 21, 21Y, 21M, 21C, 21K and the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70.
[0060]
Next, an embodiment in which the image forming apparatus of the present invention is operated to perform the operation will be described.
The monochrome copying machine as the image forming apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 described above, and its main specifications are as follows.
[0061]
L / S is 180 mm / s.
The photoreceptor had a drum diameter of 60 mm, and was coated with an organic semiconductor layer in which a phthalocyanine pigment was dispersed in polycarbonate. The thickness of the photoconductor layer including the charge transport layer was 25 μm.
[0062]
The potential of the non-image portion of the photoreceptor was detected by a potential sensor and feedback-controlled (the controllable range was -500 V to -900 V), and the total exposure potential was -50 to 0 V.
[0063]
The semiconductor laser (LD) was used and the output was set to 300 μW so that the exposure was performed by a laser scanning method.
[0064]
Development was performed by a two-component development system.
A primary transfer roller (foam roller) as a primary transfer means was installed as a primary transfer roller having an outer diameter of 20 mm and a resistance value of 1 × 10 6 Ω so as to face the photoreceptor surface, and a constant current control of 20 μA was performed.
[0065]
For fixing, roller fixing in which a heater is arranged inside the fixing means 24 was used.
The distance between the photoconductor on the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 and the next color photoconductor was 95 mm.
[0066]
The outer diameter of the primary transfer roller as the primary transfer means was set to 20 mm.
The pressing force of the primary transfer roller was set to 4.9N.
[0067]
The toner concentration in the developing device as the developing means was 4% by mass.
When performing the toner amount detection control by the transfer, the power of the transfer unit is determined depending on whether the pressure is applied to the photoconductor without the intermediary of the transfer material such as paper as the control before image formation and the case where the photoconductor is pressed via the transfer material. A voltage was applied. The output voltage value applied to the transfer unit at that time was monitored, and the resistance value of the transfer unit and the amount of adhered toner were determined from the graphs of FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, and the laser power was adjusted.
[0068]
With the above configuration, continuous printing was performed 200,000 times, and the toner adhesion state on the image was stable without any excess and good, high quality was obtained, and no printing defects were observed at all.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
The toner adhesion amount can be detected without specially using the toner adhesion amount detection means on the screen, and the fixing warm-up time can be shortened, and the image optimization control time required as a preparation time at the start can be greatly reduced. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram illustrating a monochrome image forming apparatus according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram illustrating a color image forming apparatus according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a voltage value of a transfer unit and a toner adhesion amount by monitoring a voltage value with and without a transfer material.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a transfer current and a toner adhesion amount.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between a laser power as an exposure unit and a toner adhesion amount.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positional relationship among a photoconductor, an intermediate transfer body, and a primary transfer roller.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Image Forming Apparatus 5A Secondary Transfer Rollers 21, 21Y, 21M, 21C, 21K Photoconductors 22, 22Y, 22M, 22C, 22K Charging Means 23, 23Y, 23M, 23C, 23K Developing Means 24 Primary Transfer Means 24A, 24Y, 24M, 24C, 24K Primary transfer rollers 26, 26Y, 26M, 26C, 26K Cleaning means 30, 30Y, 30M, 30C, 30K Exposure means 50 Fixing device 51 Fixing member 52 Pressure member 70 Intermediate transfer member (endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer) body)

Claims (18)

感光体及びその周辺に配置した帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段、クリーニング手段を有し、前記感光体上に作成されるトナー像を転写材へ前記感光体が直接接触して一次転写させる一次転写手段と定着手段とを有する画像形成装置において、前記一次転写手段に電圧を印加した際の電源に生じる出力電圧値又は前記一次転写手段に流れる出力電流値によりトナーの付着量を検知することを特徴とする画像形成装置。Primary transfer including a photoconductor and a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a cleaning unit disposed around the photoconductor, wherein the toner is directly contacted with a transfer material to perform primary transfer of a toner image formed on the photoconductor; An image forming apparatus having a fixing unit and a fixing unit, wherein an amount of adhered toner is detected based on an output voltage value generated at a power supply when a voltage is applied to the primary transfer unit or an output current value flowing through the primary transfer unit. Image forming apparatus. 複数の感光体及び該複数の感光体の周辺に対応して配置した複数の帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段、クリーニング手段を有し、前記複数の感光体上に作成される各トナー像を中間転写体へ前記複数の感光体が直接接触して一次転写させて重ね合わせる一次転写手段と、該中間転写体上の一次転写像を転写材に転写させる二次転写手段と定着手段とを有する画像形成装置において、前記一次転写手段に電圧を印加した際の電源に生じる出力電圧値又は前記一次転写手段に流れる出力電流値によりトナーの付着量を検知することを特徴とする画像形成装置。A plurality of photoreceptors and a plurality of charging units, exposing units, developing units, and cleaning units arranged corresponding to the periphery of the plurality of photoreceptors, and intermediate each toner image created on the plurality of photoreceptors; An image comprising: a primary transfer unit in which the plurality of photoconductors are in direct contact with a transfer body to perform primary transfer and superimpose, and a secondary transfer unit and a fixing unit for transferring a primary transfer image on the intermediate transfer body to a transfer material. In the image forming apparatus, the amount of adhered toner is detected based on an output voltage value generated at a power supply when a voltage is applied to the primary transfer unit or an output current value flowing through the primary transfer unit. 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体上の潜像を形成する前記露光手段の出力値にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。An output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to an output value of the exposure unit that forms a latent image on the photoconductor. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1. 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体上の潜像をトナー像に現像する前記現像手段の設定条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。Detecting an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit and feeding back the output voltage value or the output current value to a setting condition of the developing unit that develops the latent image on the photoconductor into a toner image. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記感光体を帯電する前記帯電手段の帯電条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a charging condition of the charging unit that charges the photoconductor. 3. The image forming apparatus according to 2. 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記一次転写手段の転写電流又は転写電圧にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a transfer current or a transfer voltage of the primary transfer unit. The image forming apparatus as described in the above. 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記定着手段の定着条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a fixing condition of the fixing unit. apparatus. 前記一次転写手段の出力電圧値又は出力電流値を検知し、該出力電圧値又は出力電流値を、前記クリーニング手段のクリーニング条件にフィードバックさせることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an output voltage value or an output current value of the primary transfer unit is detected, and the output voltage value or the output current value is fed back to a cleaning condition of the cleaning unit. apparatus. 前記トナー像に用いるトナーの個数平均粒子径が3〜8μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the toner used for the toner image has a number average particle diameter of 3 to 8 μm. 10. 前記感光体はドラム形状であることを特徴とする請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the photoconductor has a drum shape. 前記中間転写体は無端ベルト状中間転写体であることを特徴とする請求項2〜10の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the intermediate transfer body is an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body. 前記感光体から前記転写材又は前記中間転写体への一次転写手段としての一次転写ローラの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり、定電流制御することを特徴とする請求項1〜11の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。The resistance value of a primary transfer roller as primary transfer means from the photosensitive member to the transfer material or the intermediate transfer member is 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 10 Ω, and constant current control is performed. An image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11. 前記中間転写体から転写材へ転写像を二次転写させる二次転写手段を有し、該二次転写手段が中間転写体とそれに重なる転写材を挟み込むように配置したバックアップローラと二次転写部材としての二次転写ローラからなり、前記バックアップローラの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり、前記二次転写ローラの抵抗値が1×10〜1×1010Ωであり定電流制御をすることを特徴とする請求項2〜12の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。A backup roller and a secondary transfer member having secondary transfer means for secondary-transferring a transfer image from the intermediate transfer body to a transfer material, wherein the secondary transfer means is arranged so as to sandwich the intermediate transfer body and a transfer material overlapping therewith; The backup roller has a resistance value of 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 10 Ω, and the secondary transfer roller has a resistance value of 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 10 Ω. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the image forming apparatus performs constant current control. 前記トナー像に用いるトナーは形状係数の変動係数が16%以下であり、個数粒度分布における個数変動係数が27%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜13の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。14. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner used for the toner image has a shape coefficient variation coefficient of 16% or less and a number variation coefficient in a number particle size distribution of 27% or less. Image forming device. 前記感光体から前記中間転写体への一次転写手段の相対的な位置は、該感光体と該中間転写体との接触領域の中心点よりも回転方向上流側と下流側に10mm以内であることを特徴とする請求項2〜14の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。The relative position of the primary transfer unit from the photosensitive member to the intermediate transfer member is within 10 mm on the upstream and downstream in the rotation direction from the center of the contact area between the photosensitive member and the intermediate transfer member. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: 前記一次転写手段の位置は前記中間転写体と前記感光体の接触領域の中心点よりも中間転写体進行方向下流側に位置することを特徴とする請求項2〜15の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。The position of the primary transfer unit is located downstream of a center point of a contact area between the intermediate transfer member and the photoconductor in a direction in which the intermediate transfer member advances in the intermediate transfer member. Image forming apparatus. 前記中間転写体から転写材への二次転写手段の相対的な位置は、中間転写体と二次転写手段としての二次転写ローラとの接触領域の中心点よりも回転方向上流側、下流側に20mm以内であることを特徴とする請求項2〜16の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。The relative position of the secondary transfer means from the intermediate transfer body to the transfer material is in the rotationally upstream or downstream direction from the center point of the contact area between the intermediate transfer body and the secondary transfer roller as the secondary transfer means. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the distance is within 20 mm. トナー付着量検知の際、作成するパッチの軸方向長さは転写手段が像担持体やベルト等に接する長さ以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜17の何れか1項に記載の画像形成装置。18. The patch according to claim 1, wherein the length of the patch to be formed in the axial direction at the time of detecting the amount of adhered toner is equal to or longer than the length of the transfer unit in contact with the image carrier or the belt. Image forming device.
JP2002161424A 2002-06-03 2002-06-03 Image forming apparatus Pending JP2004012483A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007240719A (en) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-20 Canon Inc Image forming apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007240719A (en) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-20 Canon Inc Image forming apparatus

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