JP2004001292A - Method and apparatus for printing - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To select a characteristic value range suitable to grasp ink characteristics as a standard of selecting an ink excellent in scumming preventiveness without raising an ink viscosity in a method and an apparatus for printing an image using a printing plate for forming the image by utilizing differences of the ink adhesion forces in an image part and a non-image part. <P>SOLUTION: The method and the apparatus for printing the image comprises the printing plate 1 for forming the image by utilizing the differences of ink adhesion forces in the image part and the non-image part, a plate cylinder 7 which fixes the plate by winding, an inking means 6 for supplying the ink 3 containing a resin, a solvent and a pigment of the resin to the plate via a roller, a means for transferring the ink on the plate, on recording paper 13, and a paper conveying means for conveying the recording paper to a transferring section. The ink which has a dynamic storage elastic modulus ranging 15,000 to 30,000 Pa and a dynamic storage viscosity coefficient 1 to 50 Pa s by a cone plate rotary viscometer having a plate of a diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2°, a temperature of 5°C, and an amplitude of 1° in frequency of 20Hz, is used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００２８】
［実施形態２］
次に請求項２に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
前述の実施形態１（請求項１の印刷方法）において、インクとして樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤からなるインクを用い、インク中の該樹脂に相溶性を示さない液体（以下、バリア液と記す）を含有すると、インク層表面に該バリア層が形成され、単に版の表面エネルギーを小さくすることに加えて、バリア層を形成することで地汚れ防止が飛躍的に向上する。そこで、さらにインクの粘性を下げるために、バリア液を含有したインクに対して、各種インクにおける印刷試験を行い、インク粘性が低くても、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１００００Ｐａから２００００Ｐａの範囲であるインクが極めて地汚れ防止に優れていることを見出した。尚、インクへのバリア液添加量が過度になると、バリア効果が大きくなり、画像部へのインク着肉不良が発生してしまう恐れがある。即ち、画像部へのインク着肉性を損なわず、且つ、非画像部の地汚れを防止するための添加量の適性範囲を求める必要がある。バリア液の添加量は、概ね０．１％から３％の範囲が適当である。０．１％よりも低いと、上記弾性範囲ではバリア液の効果が低く、３％以上では、効果が強すぎて画像部のインク付着不良が発生する。
【００２９】
［実施例２］
以下、請求項２の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：含フッ素アクリレート系ポリマー、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００３０】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成した含フッ素ポリマー水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：５５重量％、
ウレタン樹脂水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：４３重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、２０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１５０℃にて２分間乾燥した。
（全面親インク処理）
作製した版を９５℃のＰＥＧ（＃６００）にて１０秒間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥した。
（製版方法）
版の記録層に対して４００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００３１】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
インクに対して相溶性を示さない液体：シリコーンオイル（信越化学）。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００３２】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに、シリコーンオイルを各インクに１．５％添加し、含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：市販のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００３３】
実施結果：
下記の表２に示すように、動的貯蓄弾性率が１００００〜２００００Ｐａの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００３４】
【表２】

【００３５】
［実施形態３］
次に請求項３に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成する版と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料を含有したインクを用いる印刷方法において、インク粘度が低い方が、インク補給がしやすく、また、印刷装置における駆動系への負担を軽減することができる。そこで、本発明者らは各種インクにおける印刷試験を行い鋭意検討した結果、インクの動的弾性が高ければ、インクの動的粘性を低くしても地汚れしにくいことを発見した。即ち、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００Ｐａから２００００Ｐａの範囲で、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が１０〜５０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクが、当該版に対して極めて地汚れしにくいことがわかった。
【００３６】
［実施例３］
以下、請求項３の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：含フッ素アクリレート系ポリマー、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００３７】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成した含フッ素ポリマー水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：５５重量％、
ウレタン樹脂水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：４３重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、２０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１５０℃にて２分間乾燥した。
（全面親インク処理）
作製した版を９５℃のＰＥＧ（＃６００）にて１０秒間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥した。
（製版方法）
版の記録層に対して４００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００３８】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００３９】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：市販のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００４０】
実施結果：
下記の表３に示すように、動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００〜３００００Ｐａの範囲で、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が１０〜５０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００４１】
【表３】

【００４２】
［実施形態４］
次に請求項４に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
前述の実施形態３（請求項３の印刷方法）において、さらに、バリア液を添加したインクに関して、各種インクによる印刷試験を実施した結果、バリア液を添加したインクでは、さらなるインク粘度の低下が可能で、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１００００Ｐａから２００００Ｐａの範囲で、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が１〜１０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクが当該版に適することがわかった。
【００４３】
［実施例４］
以下、請求項４の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：含フッ素アクリレート系ポリマー、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００４４】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成した含フッ素ポリマー水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：５５重量％、
ウレタン樹脂水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：４３重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、２０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１５０℃にて２分間乾燥した。
（全面親インク処理）
作製した版を９５℃のＰＥＧ（＃６００）にて１０秒間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥した。
（製版方法）
版の記録層に対して４００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００４５】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
インクに対して相溶性を示さない液体：シリコーンオイル（信越化学）。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００４６】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに、シリコーンオイルを各インクに１．５％添加し、含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：市販のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００４７】
実施結果
下記の表４に示すように、動的貯蓄弾性率が１００００〜２００００Ｐａの範囲で、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が１〜１０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００４８】
【表４】

【００４９】
［実施形態５］
次に請求項５に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
前述の実施形態１〜４（請求項１〜４の印刷方法）において、インク特性範囲を規定したインクに対して最も効果があるのは、図２（ａ）に示したような相変化型の版である。これらの版は、版表面部材の構造変化を利用したものであり、親インク部と撥インク部とでのインクに対する付着性が、シリコーン樹脂を用いた湿し水不要版に比べ、インキングローラ上のインクの厚み変化や温度変化によるインク粘度変化に対して、地汚れ許容範囲が狭くなる。この欠点に対して、上記のインク特性範囲のインクを用いると、インクの厚みや粘度の変化に対する地汚れ許容範囲が格段に広がることが判った。特に、液体と接触した状態で加熱・冷却すると版面が親インク性となり、かつ、液体と非接触状態で加熱すると撥インク性となる性質を有する部材を表面（記録層）に形成した版において特段の効果が認められた。
【００５０】
本発明者らは実施形態２（請求項２）の構成の版のうち、液体と接触した状態で加熱すると親インク性となり、その状態のまま大気中で加熱すると撥インク性となる性質を有する記録層からなる版が、バリア液を添加したインクとの組み合わせにおいて最も地汚れ低減に効果があることを見出した。具体的な部材としては、下記の化学式（１）に示すように、側鎖にパーフロロアルキル基を有する含フッ素アクリレートもしくは含フッ素メタクリレートモノマーの重合体が適する。重合体としては、単独の重合体のほかに、側鎖長の異なるモノマーどうしの共重合体や塩化ビニルやメチルメタクリレート等のビニル系モノマーとの共重合体が適する。
【００５１】
【化１】

【００５２】
別の部材としては、下記の化学式（２）に示すように、長鎖アルキル基を有するアクリレートもしくはメタクリレートモノマーの重合体が適する。
【００５３】
【化２】

【００５４】
版として構成するために、これらの部材を単独もしくは他の樹脂と溶解もしくは分散したコート液をフィルム状基板に塗布する。上記の化学式（１）、化学式（２）に記載の部材を記録層に含有する版への製版方法は、一つは、予め版全面を液体（例えば水）に接触した状態で、部材の融点以上に加熱し、版全面を親インク性にした後、画像情報に応じて非画像部を大気中で加熱し、加熱部を撥インク性に変化させる方法である。別の方法は、予め全面撥インク性の版を用い、液体に接触した状態で、画像情報に応じて画像部を加熱し、部分的に親インク性部を形成する方法である。
【００５５】
［実施例５］
以下、請求項５の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：含フッ素アクリレート系ポリマー、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００５６】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成した含フッ素ポリマー水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：５５重量％、
ウレタン樹脂水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：４３重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、２０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１５０℃にて２分間乾燥した。
（全面親インク処理）
作製した版を９５℃のＰＥＧ（＃６００）にて１０秒間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥した。
（製版方法）
版の記録層に対して４００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００５７】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００５８】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：市販のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００５９】
下記の表５に示すように、動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００〜３００００Ｐａの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００６０】
【表５】

【００６１】
［実施形態６］
次に請求項６に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
本実施形態は、前述の実施形態２（請求項２）または実施形態４（請求項４）において、前記のインク中に含まれる樹脂と相溶性を示さない液体がポリオルガノシロキサン骨格を有する液体であることを特徴とする印刷方法である。
本発明者らが種々検討した結果、該バリア液として、下記の化学式（３）に示すようなポリオルガノシロキサン骨格を有する部材が、顕著な効果を有することが分かった。下記の化学式（３）において、Ｒ３はメチル基が最も優れ、Ｒ１及びＲ２はアミノ基、フェノール基、アルキレン基、パールロロアルキル基、エポキシ基、ポリエーテル基、等が適するが、Ｒ１、Ｒ２ともにメチル基の場合が最も優れる。バリア液の添加量は、タック値が１〜５の範囲に入るよう調整する。添加調整方法は、インクビヒクルと顔料を混練する段階や、ビヒクルと顔料を混練後の段階に添加・攪拌を行う。
【００６２】
【化３】

【００６３】
［実施例６］
以下、請求項６の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：含フッ素アクリレート系ポリマー、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００６４】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成した含フッ素ポリマー水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：５５重量％、
ウレタン樹脂水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：４３重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、２０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１５０℃にて２分間乾燥した。
（全面親インク処理）
作製した版を９５℃のＰＥＧ（＃６００）にて１０秒間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥した。
（製版方法）
版の記録層に対して４００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００６５】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
インクに対して相溶性を示さない液体：シリコーンオイル（信越化学）、フッ素オイル、グリセリン。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００６６】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに、インクに対して相溶性を示さない各種の液体を各インクに１．５％添加し、含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：市販のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００６７】
実施結果：
下記の表６に示すように、インクに対して相溶性を示さない液体として、ポリジメチルシロキサン骨格を有する液体を用い、動的貯蓄弾性率が１００００〜２００００Ｐａの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００６８】
【表６】

【００６９】
［実施形態７］
次に請求項７に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
本実施形態は、前述の実施形態１（請求項１）または実施形態３（請求項３）において、最表層がポリオルガノシロキサン骨格を有する樹脂を含み、画像書き込み時に該最表層を破壊することで画像部を形成する版を用いることを特徴とする印刷方法である。版として、加熱すると親インク性が撥インク性に変化、又は、撥インク性が親インク性に変化する性質を有する記録層を有する版は、書き込みエネルギーが小さくてすむ利点を有する。しかし、これらの版は、記録層表面の相変化を利用するため、外部からの熱や機械的擦れにより版面が変化しやすく、印刷中の耐久性が従来の版よりも劣る。そこで、本発明者らは耐久性に優れた版を検討し、最表層がポリオルガノシロキサン骨格を有する樹脂を含み、画像書きこみ時に該最表層を破壊することで画像部を形成する版が適することを見出した。この版では図２（ｂ）に示したように、最表層の破壊により画像形成を行うため、加熱や軽い機械的な擦れには強く、相変化タイプの版ほどではないが、ポリオルガノシロキサン骨格を有する部材を含有した版は、本発明のインク特性に対して優れた地汚れ低減が認められる。また、製版方法は、強力なレーザ光やスパーク放電により版面を破壊する方法などが適する。
【００７０】
［実施例７］
以下、請求項７の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：ジメチルポリシロキサン、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００７１】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成したジメチルポリシロキサン水分散液（固形分４０ｗｔ％）：９８重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、１０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１００℃にて３０分間乾燥した。
（製版方法）
版の記録層に対して１８００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００７２】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００７３】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：市販のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００７４】
実施結果：
下記の表７に示すように、動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００〜３００００Ｐａの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００７５】
【表７】

【００７６】
［実施形態８］
次に請求項８に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
本実施形態は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成する版と、該版を巻きつけ固定する版胴と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料を含有したインクをローラを介して版に供給するインキング手段と、版上のインクを記録紙に転写する手段と、該記録紙を転写部に搬送する紙搬送手段を有し、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００Ｐａから３００００Ｐａの範囲であり、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が、１〜５０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴とする印刷装置の具体例を示すものである。
【００７７】
図４（ａ）及び（ｂ）に本実施形態の印刷装置の構成例を示す。図４（ａ）は、インキングローラ６と、版１が巻装された版胴７と、ブランケット胴１０と、圧胴１１と、記録紙１３を給紙する給紙部１２と、印刷された記録紙を排紙する排紙部１４を備え、版１のインクをオフセットブランケット胴１０を介して記録紙１３に印刷するオフセット印刷構成の印刷装置である。また、図４（ｂ）は、インキングローラ６と、版１が巻装された版胴７と、圧胴１１と、記録紙１３を給紙する給紙部１２と、印刷された記録紙を排紙する排紙部１４を備え、版１のインクを直接記録紙１３に転写する直刷り印刷構成の印刷装置である。
【００７８】
図４（ａ）または（ｂ）において、装置外部から、カットシート状の版１を手動もしくは自動（図示せず）にて版胴７に巻きつけ、クランパー７ａにて版１の両端を版胴７上に固定する。版１へのインク供給手段としては、例えば図３（ａ）に示すように、インク溜めローラ４のインク溜めから多数本のインキングローラ６を介して細かく練りながら版胴７上の版１へインクを供給する手段、もしくは、図３（ｂ）に示すように、インク溜めローラ４に直結した揺動ローラ８とインク着けローラ９からなる構成のインキングローラ６’を用いた供給手段が望ましい。
【００７９】
［実施例８］
以下、請求項８の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：含フッ素アクリレート系ポリマー、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００８０】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成した含フッ素ポリマー水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：５５重量％、
ウレタン樹脂水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：４３重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、２０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１５０℃にて２分間乾燥した。
（全面親インク処理）
作製した版を９５℃のＰＥＧ（＃６００）にて１０秒間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥した。
（製版方法）
版の記録層に対して４００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００８１】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００８２】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：図４（ａ）に示すような構成の市販のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００８３】
実施結果：
下記の表８に示すように、動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００〜３００００Ｐａの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００８４】
【表８】

【００８５】
［実施形態９］
次に請求項９に係る発明の実施形態を説明する。
本実施形態は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成するシート状の版をロール状に巻きつけたロール状版と、該版を巻きつける版胴と、該版胴内に内在され前記ロール状版を保持して該版胴内から版を供給する手段と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料を含有したインクをローラを介して版に供給するインキング手段と、版上のインクを記録紙に転写する手段と、該記録紙を転写部に搬送する紙搬送手段を有し、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００Ｐａから３００００Ｐａの範囲であり、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が、１〜５０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴とする印刷装置の具体例を示すものである。
【００８６】
図５（ａ）及び（ｂ）に本実施形態の印刷装置の構成例を示す。図５（ａ）は、インキングローラ６と、版１が巻装される版胴７と、該版胴内に設けられたロール状版の供給手段１５と、ブランケット胴１０と、圧胴１１と、記録紙１３を給紙する給紙部１２と、印刷された記録紙１３を排紙する排紙部１４を備え、版１のインクをオフセットブランケット胴１０を介して記録紙１３に印刷するオフセット印刷構成の印刷装置である。また、図５（ｂ）は、インキングローラ６と、版１が巻装された版胴７と、該版胴内に設けられたロール状版の供給手段１５と、圧胴１１と、記録紙１３を給紙する給紙部１２と、印刷された記録紙を排紙する排紙部１４を備え、版１のインクを直接記録紙１３に転写する直刷り印刷構成の印刷装置である。
【００８７】
図５（ａ）または（ｂ）においては、装置外部から、シート状の版をロール状にしたロール状版１６を手動もしくは自動（図示せず）にて版胴７内の供給手段（例えば図示しないモータ等により駆動される巻出し用の回転軸と巻取り用の回転軸）１５に固定し、図のごとく、版の供給手段１５によりロール状版１６の巻き出し・巻取りを行うことで版胴１上に版１を巻装する。版１へのインク供給手段としては、例えば図３（ａ）に示すように、インク溜めローラ４のインク溜めから多数本のインキングローラ６を介して細かく練りながら版胴７上の版１へインクを供給する手段、もしくは、図３（ｂ）に示すように、インク溜めローラ４に直結した揺動ローラ８とインク着けローラ９からなる構成のインキングローラ６’を用いた供給手段が望ましい。
【００８８】
［実施例９］
以下、請求項９の具体的な実施例を示す。
版の記録層材料：含フッ素アクリレート系ポリマー、
光吸収剤：カーボンブラック、
版基板：ＰＥＴフィルム（厚み１００μｍ）。
【００８９】
版の作製：
（コート液処方）
乳化重合により合成した含フッ素ポリマー水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：５５重量％、
ウレタン樹脂水分散液（固形分２０ｗｔ％）：４３重量％、
カーボンブラック（平均粒径２０ｎｍ）：２重量％、
をボールミリングにより分散したのち、＃２００メッシュのステンレスメッシュにてフィルタリングしコート液とした。
（コート処方）
マイクログラビアコータにより、ＰＥＴフィルムにコート液を、２０ｇ／ｍ^２の量で塗布し、１５０℃にて２分間乾燥した。
（全面親インク処理）
作製した版を９５℃のＰＥＧ（＃６００）にて１０秒間浸漬した後、水洗・乾燥した。その後、版を芯径φ２０ｍｍの芯にＡ３縦方向に対して３０版分の長さで巻きつけ、ロール状版とした。
（製版方法）
版の記録面に対して４００ｍＪ／ｃｍ^２の書き込みエネルギー密度にて、半導体レーザにより書き込みを実施した。
【００９０】
インク：市販の水なし平版用インク。
粘弾性測定装置：レオロジ社製ＭＲ−３００、
コーン・プレート：外形φ３２ｍｍ、
コーン角４．２°、
測定ワイヤー：φ２．５ｍｍ、
インク粘弾性測定温度：５℃、
振動条件：振幅１°、周波数２０Ｈｚ。
【００９１】
市販の水なし平版用インクをベースに含有するロジン変性フェノール樹脂比率を変えて、各粘弾性のインクを作成し、印刷を実施した。
印刷装置：図５（ａ）に示すような構成のオフセット印刷機、
印刷用紙：コート紙（日本製紙Ａ２グレード紙）、
印刷速度：５０００枚／分。
【００９２】
実施結果：
下記の表９に示すように、動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００〜３００００Ｐａの範囲が、耐地汚れ性とベタ部粒状性がともに優れる範囲であることがわかった。
【００９３】
【表９】

【００９４】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、請求項１に係る印刷方法は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成する版と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料を含有したインクを用いる印刷方法であって、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００Ｐａから３００００Ｐａの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴としているので、従来よりも、低粘度のインクにて地汚れなく印刷することが可能となり、インク量の制御及び駆動系への負荷が低減され、信頼性が向上する。
【００９５】
請求項２に係る印刷方法は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成する版と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料と該樹脂に対して相溶性を示さない溶剤を含有したインクを用いる印刷方法であって、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１００００Ｐａから２００００Ｐａの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴としているので、インクの更なる低粘度化が可能となり、画像部につやが得られ、印字品質が向上する。
【００９６】
請求項３に係る印刷方法は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成する版と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料を含有したインクを用いる印刷方法であって、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００Ｐａから３００００Ｐａの範囲であり、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が、１０〜５０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴としているので、粘度範囲が規定されたことにより、インク製造時の品質管理が可能となる。
【００９７】
請求項４に係る印刷方法は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成する版と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料と該樹脂に対して相溶性を示さない溶剤を含有したインクを用いる印刷方法であって、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１００００Ｐａから２００００Ｐａの範囲で、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が１〜１０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴としているので、低粘度インクに対して、粘度範囲が規定されたことにより、インク製造時の品質管理が可能となる。
【００９８】
請求項５に係る印刷方法は、請求項１〜４のいずれか一つに記載の印刷方法において、版として、液体と接触した状態で加熱・冷却すると版面が親インク性となり、かつ、液体と非接触状態で加熱すると撥インク性となる性質を有する部材を表面に形成した版を用いることを特徴としているので、本発明に最も適するインクと版との組み合わせが得られ、低エネルギー書き込みが可能な版の使用を実現することができる。
また、請求項６に係る印刷方法は、請求項２または４記載の印刷方法において、樹脂と相溶性を示さない溶剤として、ポリオルガノシロキサン構造を有する部材を用いることを特徴としているので、特に請求項２の印刷方法において、最も適する材料を提案したことで、より印刷品質を高めることができる。
さらに請求項７に係る印刷方法は、請求項１または３記載の印刷方法において、版として、記録面にシリコーン樹脂を含有する版を用いることを特徴としているので、本発明に適するインクと版との組み合わせが得られ、耐久性のある版の使用を実現することができる。
【００９９】
請求項８に係る印刷装置は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成する版と、該版を巻きつけ固定する版胴と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料を含有したインクをローラを介して版に供給するインキング手段と、版上のインクを記録紙に転写する手段と、該記録紙を転写部に搬送する紙搬送手段を有し、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００Ｐａから３００００Ｐａの範囲であり、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が、１〜５０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴としているので、従来よりも、低粘度のインクにて地汚れなく印刷することが可能となり、インク量の制御及び駆動系への負荷が低減され、信頼性が向上する。
【０１００】
請求項９に係る印刷装置は、画像部と非画像部とにおけるインク付着力の差を利用することにより画像を形成するシート状の版をロール状に巻きつけたロール状版と、該版を巻きつける版胴と、該版胴内に内在され前記ロール状版を保持して該版胴内から版を供給する手段と、樹脂と該樹脂の溶剤及び顔料を含有したインクをローラを介して版に供給するインキング手段と、版上のインクを記録紙に転写する手段と、該記録紙を転写部に搬送する紙搬送手段を有し、コーン・プレート回転粘度計にて、プレート径φ３２ｍｍ、コーン角４．２度、温度５℃、振幅１°にて周波数２０Ｈｚにおける動的貯蓄弾性率が１５０００Ｐａから３００００Ｐａの範囲であり、かつ、動的貯蓄粘性率が、１〜５０Ｐａ・ｓの範囲であるインクを用いることを特徴としているので、インクのさらなる低粘度化が可能となり、画像部につやが得られ、印字品質が向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】（ａ）はインクローラにより版面に供給されたインクが剥離する様子をモデル的に示す図であり、（ｂ）はＭａｘｗｅｌｌモデルに基づくインクの流動特性をモデル的に示した図である。
【図２】本発明の印刷方法に適する版の記録層の構成説明図である。
【図３】本発明の印刷方法に適するインク供給手段（インキング手段）の構成例の説明図である。
【図４】本発明に係る印刷装置の構成例を示す図である。
【図５】本発明に係る印刷装置の別の構成例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１　　　版
２　　　インクローラ
３　　　インク層（インク）
４　　　インク溜めローラ
５　　　インク掻き取りブレード
６　　　インキングローラ
６’　　インキングローラ
７　　　版胴
８　　　揺動ローラ
９　　　インク着けローラ
１０　　ブランケット胴
１１　　圧胴
１２　　給紙部
１３　　記録紙
１４　　排紙部
１５　　版の供給手段
１６　　ロール状版[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a printing method and apparatus using a printing plate, such as lithographic offset printing, in which a lithographic printing plate has an ink-inlaid portion and a background portion that repels ink, and further uses viscous ink.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A plate used for lithographic offset printing generally uses dampening water, and forms a thin layer of water in advance on the surface of the plate during printing to prevent ink stains on the background. The formation of the dampening solution on the printing plate is skilled and difficult to automate. Therefore, in recent years, development of a plate using a silicone resin and requiring no dampening solution has been actively developed. However, since the fountain solution-free plate does not use a fountain solution as a barrier layer against ink in the background portion, the ink viscosity used is higher than that of the fountain solution and is difficult to handle. When the ink viscosity decreases due to an increase in the ink viscosity, background smearing occurs. Therefore, a cooling mechanism for keeping the ink viscosity constant is provided in the printing apparatus.
[0003]
Conventionally, silicone oil has been added to the ink as described in JP-A-52-116305 in order to prevent the fountain solution unnecessary background from becoming dirty. The added silicone oil is absorbed by the silicone resin, which is the material of the plate, and forms a silicone oil film on the plate surface, so that the silicone oil acts as a barrier layer between the plate and the ink, preventing background contamination with the ink. ing. However, when the silicone oil is excessively added, the effect of the barrier layer becomes strong, and there is a problem that the ink does not adhere to the image area. To solve this problem, in the prior art described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-183045, an ink having a viscosity of 500 Ps at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a shear rate of 100 / s using a cone-and-plate viscometer is an ink containing silicone oil. It discloses that it is suitable as a viscosity. However, there is a problem that the viscosity of the ink is extremely high, and the load on the drive system of the printing apparatus is increased.
[0004]
Therefore, if the ink characteristics suitable for the fountain solution-free plate and the suitable characteristic value range are known, the ink is suitable for the fountain-water-free plate without increasing the ink viscosity and without excessively adding silicone oil. Currently, there is no disclosure of such properties in the prior art.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and uses a printing plate that forms an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, such as a plate material that does not require dampening solution. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for grasping ink characteristics and selecting an appropriate characteristic value range as a guide for selecting ink excellent in preventing background contamination without increasing the ink viscosity.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a printing method according to claim 1 includes a printing plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a resin, a solvent and a pigment of the resin. A printing method using the contained ink, wherein the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 ° and a frequency of 15000 Pa is measured by a cone and plate rotational viscometer. In this case, an ink having a range of from 30000 Pa to 30000 Pa is used.
[0007]
The printing method according to claim 2, wherein a printing plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a resin, a solvent of the resin, a pigment, and a compatibility with the resin. Is a printing method using an ink containing a solvent that does not show a dynamic characteristic at a frequency of 20 Hz at a cone diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 degrees Celsius, an amplitude of 1 degree and a cone-plate rotational viscometer. The ink is characterized in that the storage elastic modulus is in the range of 10,000 Pa to 20,000 Pa.
[0008]
The printing method according to claim 3, wherein a printing plate that forms an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image area and a non-image area, and a printing method that uses a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment for the resin. With a cone-plate rotational viscometer, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 °, a temperature of 5 ° C., and an amplitude of 1 ° is in a range of 15,000 Pa to 30,000 Pa, Further, the ink is characterized by using an ink having a dynamic storage viscosity of 10 to 50 Pa · s.
[0009]
The printing method according to claim 4, wherein a printing plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a resin, a solvent of the resin, a pigment, and a resin are compatible. Is a printing method using an ink containing a solvent that does not show a dynamic characteristic at a frequency of 20 Hz at a cone diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 degrees Celsius, an amplitude of 1 degree and a cone-plate rotational viscometer. The ink is characterized by using an ink having a storage elastic modulus in a range of 10,000 Pa to 20,000 Pa and a dynamic storage viscosity in a range of 1 to 10 Pa · s.
[0010]
The printing method according to claim 5 is the printing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plate surface becomes ink-philic when heated and cooled in a state of being in contact with the liquid as a plate, and It is characterized in that a plate having a member having a property of becoming ink-repellent when heated in a non-contact state is formed on the surface.
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a printing method according to the second or fourth aspect, wherein a member having a polyorganosiloxane structure is used as the solvent having no compatibility with the resin.
A printing method according to a seventh aspect is characterized in that, in the printing method according to the first or third aspect, a plate containing a silicone resin on a recording surface is used as the plate.
[0011]
The printing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a plate cylinder for winding and fixing the plate, a resin and a resin Inking means for supplying ink containing a solvent and a pigment to the plate via a roller, means for transferring the ink on the plate to recording paper, and paper conveying means for conveying the recording paper to a transfer unit, With a cone-plate rotational viscometer, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 °, and a frequency of 1 Hz is in a range of 15,000 Pa to 30,000 Pa. The ink is characterized by using an ink having a storage viscosity of 1 to 50 Pa · s.
[0012]
A printing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a sheet-like plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion is wound around a roll, A plate cylinder to be wound, means for holding the rolled plate inside the plate cylinder and supplying the plate from within the plate cylinder, and a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment of the resin via a roller. It has an inking unit for supplying the plate, a unit for transferring the ink on the plate to the recording paper, and a paper conveying unit for conveying the recording paper to the transfer unit. The dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C. and an amplitude of 1 ° is in the range of 15000 Pa to 30000 Pa, and the dynamic storage viscosity is in the range of 1 to 50 Pa · s. Using an ink that is Features.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[Embodiment 1]
First, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1 will be described.
In a plate that forms an image by utilizing the difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, the surface of the plate surface is used to reliably apply ink to the image portion and prevent background contamination of the non-image portion. Energy is an important characteristic value for the plate side. The lower the surface energy of the non-image area, the smaller the ink adhesion to the non-image area, the less the background is smeared, and the higher the surface energy of the image area, the higher the image area The ink adhesion to the ink becomes large, and the ink can be reliably deposited. However, as compared with the background dirt prevention means using the repulsion of water and oil (oil-based ink) in the non-image area of the plate using the dampening solution, the means for only reducing the surface energy has a narrower allowable range for background dirt. It tends to be.
[0014]
As a means for solving this problem, in the present invention, an ink peeling model from a printing plate is established to identify ink characteristics excellent in background smear even with low-viscosity ink and to determine the optimum range thereof. FIG. 1A schematically shows a state in which ink supplied to a plate surface of a plate is separated by an ink roller. Reference numeral 1 denotes a plate, 2 denotes an ink roller that supplies ink, and 3 denotes an ink layer. (Ink). As shown in FIG. 1A, when the ink layer 3 applied by the ink roller 2 is peeled off from the plate surface of the plate 1, the ink layer 3 peels in a thread shape. At this time, in the image area, since the adhesive force between the plate 1 and the ink 3 is strong, the thread-like ink is split inside the ink and the ink remains in the image area as shown on the upper right side of FIG. Adhere in shape. In the non-image portion, since the adhesive force between the plate 1 and the ink 3 is low, the ink 3 separates from the plate 1 before the thread-like ink splits inside as shown on the lower right side of FIG. At this time, the characteristic that is predominant when the thread-like ink is split is the dynamic flow characteristic of the ink 3, and according to the Maxwell model, the flow characteristic of the ink 3 is defined by the dynamic elastic modulus and the dynamic viscosity. can do. FIG. 1B is a diagram schematically illustrating the flow characteristics of the ink 3 based on the Maxwell model. As shown in FIG. 1B, viscosity: η can be captured as a dashpot, and elasticity: G can be captured as a spring. If the ink flow is reduced (the ink 3 is hardened), the thread-like ink in the peeling model is less likely to be divided, and the non-image portion is less likely to be stained. In order to reduce the ink flow, it is necessary to make the movement of the dashpot worse, that is, to increase the viscosity: η or to make the spring hard, that is, to increase the elasticity: G. However, when the ink viscosity: η is increased, the supply of ink and the load on the mechanical system increase. Therefore, if the viscosity: η is decreased and the elasticity: G is increased accordingly, the ink flow is suppressed as a whole, and the thread-like ink is less likely to be divided and less liable to be stained. This concept is the basic idea of the present invention.
[0015]
As the measurement of the dynamic elasticity, the dynamic storage elastic modulus by a cone and plate rotational viscoelasticity measuring device (hereinafter referred to as a cone and plate rotational viscometer) is suitable because it reflects the actual printing phenomenon. In the present invention, the basic measurement conditions were a cone-plate rotational viscometer with a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, an amplitude of 1 °, and a frequency of 20 Hz. The ink temperature was selected to be 5 ° C. according to the temperature / time conversion rule. The present inventors carried out the measurement at 25 ° C. and the measurement at 5 ° C. according to the temperature / time conversion rule, and the measurement at 5 ° C. caused the printing phenomenon under the printing conditions of about 40 ppm in an actual printing press. We found that we could reflect. For this reason, this condition that reflects the actual printing on the actual machine was selected as the dynamic storage elastic modulus measurement condition.
[0016]
By the way, the present inventors have performed printing with various inks under the above measurement conditions, and found that when the dynamic storage elastic modulus is in the range of 15000 Pa to 30,000 Pa, it is excellent in the background stain prevention property for the plate. .
[0017]
The plate effective in the present invention is a plate that does not require a dampening solution, the ink directly contacts the image portion and the non-image portion, and forms an image by a difference in adhesion between the image portion and the non-image portion to the ink. is there. As a specific plate configuration, as shown in FIG. 2A, the ink repellency of the surface of the recording layer of the plate changes phase to ink affinity (or the phase changes from ink affinity to ink repellency). As shown in FIG. 2B, a plate 1 having an ink-repellent layer is formed on the ink-repellent layer (or an ink-repellent layer is formed on the ink-repellent layer). The plate 1 having a structure in which a part of the upper layer is destroyed during image formation is suitable.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 2A, as a plate utilizing the phase change of the recording layer surface, a plate whose surface roughness changes, a plate whose crystal structure changes, or a plate combining both are suitable. As shown in FIG. 2 (b), a plate whose upper layer is a member having a low surface energy of 30 dyn / cm or less, such as a fluororesin or a silicone resin, is used as a plate for breaking the upper layer of the plate. Is suitable.
More specifically, a so-called silicone resin or silicone rubber having a polyorganosiloxane as a basic skeleton, a fluororesin having a perfluoroalkyl group, and polyethylene or polypropylene having an alkyl group are suitable.
[0019]
As the ink effective for the present invention, an ink composed of a resin such as a rosin-modified phenol resin or an alkyd resin, a vegetable oil containing a petroleum-based high-boiling solvent and a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, and a pigment is suitable. In order to enhance the elasticity, the rosin-modified phenol resin may have a higher molecular weight or a higher degree of cross-linking, or may have a higher degree of cross-linking in the ink to increase the elasticity.
[0020]
As an ink supply means (inking means) suitable for the printing method of the present invention, a plurality of rollers carrying the ink layer 3 are combined to transfer ink between the rollers, such as an inking roller 6 shown in FIG. A configuration in which the ink is supplied to the plate on the plate cylinder 7 while kneading is performed, and the ink thickness is controlled by an ink scraping blade 5 using an ink scraping blade 5 as in an inking roller 6 ′ shown in FIG. While supplying the ink to the ink setting roller 9 via the oscillating roller 8 and supplying the ink to the plate on the plate cylinder 7, it is appropriate.
[0021]
Further, as a printing apparatus, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, an inking roller 6, a plate cylinder 7 on which the plate 1 is wound, a blanket cylinder 10, an impression cylinder 11, and a recording paper 13 are formed. An offset printing configuration including a paper feeding unit 12 for feeding paper and a paper discharging unit 14 for discharging printed recording paper 13, and printing the ink of the plate 1 on the recording paper 13 via the offset blanket cylinder 10, FIG. As shown in FIG. 4B, an inking roller 6, a plate cylinder 7 on which the plate 1 is wound, an impression cylinder 11, a paper supply unit 12 for supplying recording paper 13, and a printed recording paper It is appropriate to provide a paper discharge unit 14 for discharging the paper 13, and a direct printing configuration in which the ink of the plate 1 is directly transferred to the recording paper 13.
[0022]
[Example 1]
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of claim 1 will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0023]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and then filtered through a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
20 g / m of coating liquid on PET film by micro gravure coater ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0024]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0025]
Various viscoelastic inks were prepared by changing the ratio of the rosin-modified phenol resin containing a commercially available waterless lithographic ink as a base, and printing was performed.
Printing equipment: Commercial offset printing press,
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0026]
Implementation results:
As shown in Table 1 below, it was found that the dynamic storage elastic modulus in the range of 15,000 to 30,000 Pa was a range in which both the soil resistance and the solid part granularity were excellent.
[0027]
[Table 1]

[0028]
[Embodiment 2]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 2 will be described.
In the first embodiment (printing method of claim 1), an ink composed of a resin and a solvent for the resin is used as the ink, and a liquid that is not compatible with the resin in the ink (hereinafter, referred to as a barrier liquid) is used. When it is contained, the barrier layer is formed on the surface of the ink layer. In addition to simply reducing the surface energy of the plate, the formation of the barrier layer dramatically improves the prevention of background contamination. Therefore, in order to further reduce the viscosity of the ink, a printing test was performed on the ink containing the barrier liquid using various inks. It has been found that an ink having a dynamic storage elastic modulus in a range of 10,000 Pa to 20,000 Pa at a frequency of 20 Hz at an angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., and an amplitude of 1 ° is extremely excellent in preventing soiling. If the amount of the barrier liquid added to the ink is excessive, the barrier effect becomes large, and there is a possibility that the ink deposition failure on the image portion may occur. That is, it is necessary to find an appropriate range of the amount of addition for preventing the ink deposition on the image portion from being impaired and preventing the non-image portion from being stained. The appropriate amount of the barrier liquid is generally in the range of 0.1% to 3%. If it is lower than 0.1%, the effect of the barrier liquid is low in the above elastic range, and if it is 3% or more, the effect is too strong and ink adhesion failure in the image area occurs.
[0029]
[Example 2]
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the second aspect will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0030]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content: 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
The coating liquid is applied to a PET film by a microgravure coater at 20 g / m2. ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0031]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Liquid not showing compatibility with ink: silicone oil (Shin-Etsu Chemical).
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0032]
Based on a commercially available waterless lithographic ink, 1.5% silicone oil was added to each ink, and the rosin-modified phenolic resin content was changed to prepare viscoelastic inks for printing.
Printing equipment: Commercial offset printing press,
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0033]
Implementation results:
As shown in Table 2 below, it was found that the range where the dynamic storage elastic modulus was 10,000 to 20,000 Pa was the range in which both the soil resistance and the solid part granularity were excellent.
[0034]
[Table 2]

[0035]
[Embodiment 3]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 3 will be described.
A plate that forms an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, and a printing method using a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment of the resin, the ink viscosity is lower, Ink can be easily replenished, and the load on the drive system in the printing apparatus can be reduced. Therefore, the present inventors have conducted a printing test with various inks and conducted intensive studies. As a result, they have found that if the dynamic elasticity of the ink is high, the background smear is unlikely to occur even if the dynamic viscosity of the ink is reduced. That is, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 °, and a frequency of 20 Hz was measured using a cone-plate rotational viscometer. It was found that an ink having a target storage viscosity in the range of 10 to 50 Pa · s was extremely unlikely to be soiled on the plate.
[0036]
[Example 3]
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the third aspect will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0037]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content: 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
The coating liquid is applied to a PET film by a microgravure coater at 20 g / m2. ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0038]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0039]
Various viscoelastic inks were prepared by changing the ratio of the rosin-modified phenol resin containing a commercially available waterless lithographic ink as a base, and printing was performed.
Printing equipment: Commercial offset printing press,
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0040]
Implementation results:
As shown in Table 3 below, the dynamic storage elastic modulus is in the range of 15,000 to 30,000 Pa, and the dynamic storage viscosity is in the range of 10 to 50 Pa · s. It turned out to be an excellent range.
[0041]
[Table 3]

[0042]
[Embodiment 4]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 4 will be described.
In the third embodiment (printing method of claim 3), as a result of performing a printing test with various inks on the ink to which the barrier liquid has been added, the ink with the barrier liquid can further reduce the ink viscosity. With a cone and plate rotational viscometer, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 °, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 °, and a dynamic range of 10,000 Pa to 20,000 Pa, and a dynamic It has been found that an ink having a target storage viscosity in the range of 1 to 10 Pa · s is suitable for the plate.
[0043]
[Example 4]
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the fourth aspect will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0044]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content: 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
The coating liquid is applied to a PET film by a microgravure coater at 20 g / m2. ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0045]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Liquid not showing compatibility with ink: silicone oil (Shin-Etsu Chemical).
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0046]
Based on a commercially available waterless lithographic ink, 1.5% silicone oil was added to each ink, and the rosin-modified phenolic resin content was changed to prepare viscoelastic inks for printing.
Printing equipment: Commercial offset printing press,
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0047]
Implementation results
As shown in Table 4 below, the dynamic storage elastic modulus is in the range of 10,000 to 20,000 Pa, and the dynamic storage viscosity is in the range of 1 to 10 Pa · s. It turned out to be an excellent range.
[0048]
[Table 4]

[0049]
[Embodiment 5]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 5 will be described.
In the above-described embodiments 1 to 4 (printing methods of claims 1 to 4), the most effective effect for the ink in which the ink characteristic range is defined is a phase change type ink as shown in FIG. Version. These plates utilize the structural change of the plate surface member, and the ink adhesion between the ink-affinitive portion and the ink-repellent portion is higher than that of the inking roller using a silicone resin. The allowable range of the background contamination becomes narrower with respect to the change in the ink viscosity due to the change in the thickness or the temperature of the ink above. With respect to this defect, it has been found that the use of the ink in the above-described ink characteristic range significantly widens the allowable range of background contamination with respect to changes in the thickness and viscosity of the ink. In particular, a plate having a surface (recording layer) formed of a member having a property of becoming ink-philic when heated and cooled in contact with a liquid and having ink repellency when heated in a state not contacted with a liquid. The effect was recognized.
[0050]
The present inventors have a plate having the configuration of the second embodiment (Claim 2), having a property of becoming ink-philic when heated in contact with a liquid, and becoming ink-repellent when heated in air in that state. It has been found that a printing plate comprising a recording layer is most effective in reducing background contamination in combination with an ink containing a barrier liquid. As a specific member, as shown in the following chemical formula (1), a polymer of a fluorine-containing acrylate or a fluorine-containing methacrylate monomer having a perfluoroalkyl group in a side chain is suitable. As the polymer, in addition to a single polymer, a copolymer of monomers having different side chain lengths and a copolymer with a vinyl monomer such as vinyl chloride or methyl methacrylate are suitable.
[0051]
Embedded image

[0052]
As another member, as shown in the following chemical formula (2), a polymer of an acrylate or methacrylate monomer having a long-chain alkyl group is suitable.
[0053]
Embedded image

[0054]
In order to form a plate, a coating liquid in which these members are dissolved or dispersed alone or in another resin is applied to a film-like substrate. One method of making a plate containing the members described in the above chemical formulas (1) and (2) in the recording layer is as follows. After heating the plate to make the entire surface ink-philic, the non-image portion is heated in the air in accordance with the image information to change the heated portion to ink repellency. Another method is to use an ink-repellent plate in advance and heat the image portion in accordance with image information in a state of contacting with a liquid to partially form an ink-philic portion.
[0055]
[Example 5]
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of claim 5 will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0056]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content: 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
The coating liquid is applied to a PET film by a microgravure coater at 20 g / m2. ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0057]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0058]
Various viscoelastic inks were prepared by changing the ratio of the rosin-modified phenol resin containing a commercially available waterless lithographic ink as a base, and printing was performed.
Printing equipment: Commercial offset printing press,
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0059]
As shown in Table 5 below, it was found that the dynamic storage elastic modulus in the range of 15,000 to 30,000 Pa was a range in which both the soil resistance and the solid part granularity were excellent.
[0060]
[Table 5]

[0061]
[Embodiment 6]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 6 will be described.
In the present embodiment, in the above-described Embodiment 2 (Claim 2) or Embodiment 4 (Claim 4), the liquid that is not compatible with the resin contained in the ink is a liquid having a polyorganosiloxane skeleton. There is provided a printing method.
As a result of various studies by the present inventors, it has been found that a member having a polyorganosiloxane skeleton represented by the following chemical formula (3) has a remarkable effect as the barrier liquid. In the following chemical formula (3), R3 is most preferably a methyl group, and R1 and R2 are suitably an amino group, a phenol group, an alkylene group, a perloralkyl group, an epoxy group, a polyether group, and the like. A methyl group is the best. The addition amount of the barrier liquid is adjusted so that the tack value falls within the range of 1 to 5. As for the method of adjusting the addition, kneading and stirring are performed at the stage of kneading the ink vehicle and the pigment and at the stage after kneading the vehicle and the pigment.
[0062]
Embedded image

[0063]
[Example 6]
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of claim 6 will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0064]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content: 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
The coating liquid is applied to a PET film by a microgravure coater at 20 g / m2. ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0065]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Liquids that are not compatible with ink: silicone oil (Shin-Etsu Chemical), fluorine oil, glycerin.
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0066]
Based on a commercially available waterless lithographic ink, various liquids that are not compatible with the ink are added to each ink by 1.5%, and the ratio of the rosin-modified phenol resin to be contained is changed to obtain each viscoelastic ink. Was created and printed.
Printing equipment: Commercial offset printing press,
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0067]
Implementation results:
As shown in Table 6 below, a liquid having a polydimethylsiloxane skeleton was used as the liquid having no compatibility with the ink, and the dynamic storage elastic modulus was in the range of 10,000 to 20,000 Pa. It was found that the partial graininess was in a range in which both were excellent.
[0068]
[Table 6]

[0069]
[Embodiment 7]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 7 will be described.
In the present embodiment, the outermost layer in Embodiment 1 (Claim 1) or Embodiment 3 (Claim 3) contains a resin having a polyorganosiloxane skeleton, and the outermost layer is destroyed during image writing. A printing method using a plate for forming an image portion. As a printing plate, a printing plate having a recording layer having the property that the ink-repellent property changes to the ink-repellent property when heated or the ink-repellent property changes to the ink-repellent property has an advantage that the writing energy is small. However, since these plates utilize a phase change on the surface of the recording layer, the plate surface is likely to change due to external heat or mechanical rubbing, and the durability during printing is inferior to conventional plates. Therefore, the present inventors have studied a plate having excellent durability, and a plate in which the outermost layer contains a resin having a polyorganosiloxane skeleton and an image portion is formed by destroying the outermost layer when writing an image is suitable. I found that. In this plate, as shown in FIG. 2B, since the image is formed by destruction of the outermost layer, the plate is resistant to heating and light mechanical rubbing. The plate containing a member having the following is recognized as having excellent background soil reduction with respect to the ink characteristics of the present invention. Further, as a plate making method, a method of destroying the plate surface by strong laser light or spark discharge is suitable.
[0070]
[Example 7]
Hereinafter, a specific example of claim 7 will be described.
Plate recording layer material: dimethylpolysiloxane,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0071]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of dimethylpolysiloxane synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 40 wt%): 98% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
Using a microgravure coater, coat the PET film with 10 g / m ² And dried at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes.
(Plate making method)
1800 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0072]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0073]
Various viscoelastic inks were prepared by changing the ratio of the rosin-modified phenol resin containing a commercially available waterless lithographic ink as a base, and printing was performed.
Printing equipment: Commercial offset printing press,
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0074]
Implementation results:
As shown in Table 7 below, it was found that the range where the dynamic storage elastic modulus was 15000 to 30000 Pa was a range in which both the ground stain resistance and the solid part granularity were excellent.
[0075]
[Table 7]

[0076]
[Embodiment 8]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 8 will be described.
This embodiment is a plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a plate cylinder for winding and fixing the plate, a resin, a solvent and a pigment of the resin. A cone / plate rotating unit having inking means for supplying the contained ink to the plate via rollers, means for transferring the ink on the plate to recording paper, and paper conveying means for conveying the recording paper to a transfer unit With a viscometer, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 ° and a frequency of 20 Hz is in a range of 15,000 Pa to 30,000 Pa, and the dynamic storage viscosity is 1 shows a specific example of a printing apparatus using an ink in a range of 1 to 50 Pa · s.
[0077]
4A and 4B show a configuration example of the printing apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4A shows an inking roller 6, a plate cylinder 7 around which the plate 1 is wound, a blanket cylinder 10, an impression cylinder 11, a paper feed unit 12 for feeding recording paper 13, and a printing unit 12. The printing apparatus includes an ejection unit 14 for ejecting the recording paper, and prints the ink of the plate 1 on the recording paper 13 via the offset blanket cylinder 10. 4B shows an inking roller 6, a plate cylinder 7 on which the plate 1 is wound, an impression cylinder 11, a paper supply unit 12 for supplying recording paper 13, and a printed recording paper. The printing apparatus includes a paper discharge unit 14 that discharges paper, and directly prints the ink of the plate 1 onto the recording paper 13.
[0078]
4A or 4B, the cut sheet-shaped plate 1 is wound around the plate cylinder 7 manually or automatically (not shown) from outside the apparatus, and both ends of the plate 1 are clamped by the clampers 7a. 7 As a means for supplying ink to the plate 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 3A, finely kneading from the ink reservoir of the ink reservoir roller 4 via a number of inking rollers 6 to the plate 1 on the plate cylinder 7. A means for supplying ink, or a supply means using an inking roller 6 'composed of a swinging roller 8 and an ink setting roller 9 directly connected to the ink storage roller 4, as shown in FIG. .
[0079]
Example 8
Hereinafter, a concrete example of claim 8 will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0080]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content: 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
The coating liquid is applied to a PET film by a microgravure coater at 20 g / m2. ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording layer of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0081]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0082]
Various viscoelastic inks were prepared by changing the ratio of the rosin-modified phenol resin containing a commercially available waterless lithographic ink as a base, and printing was performed.
Printing apparatus: a commercially available offset printing press having a configuration as shown in FIG.
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0083]
Implementation results:
As shown in Table 8 below, it was found that the dynamic storage elastic modulus in the range of 15,000 to 30,000 Pa was a range in which both the soil resistance and the solid part granularity were excellent.
[0084]
[Table 8]

[0085]
[Embodiment 9]
Next, an embodiment of the invention according to claim 9 will be described.
The present embodiment is directed to a roll plate in which a sheet plate for forming an image is formed by utilizing the difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, and a plate cylinder around which the plate is wound. Means for holding the rolled plate inside the plate cylinder and supplying the plate from the plate cylinder, and supplying ink containing a resin, a solvent for the resin, and a pigment to the plate via a roller It has an inking means, a means for transferring the ink on the plate to the recording paper, and a paper conveying means for conveying the recording paper to the transfer section. The ink whose dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a temperature of 5 ° C. and an amplitude of 1 ° in a range of 15000 Pa to 30000 Pa and a dynamic storage viscosity of 1 to 50 Pa · s is used. Signs characterized by use 1 shows a specific example of a printing apparatus.
[0086]
5A and 5B show a configuration example of the printing apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5A shows an inking roller 6, a plate cylinder 7 around which the plate 1 is wound, a roll-shaped plate supply means 15 provided in the plate cylinder, a blanket cylinder 10, and an impression cylinder 11. A paper supply unit 12 for supplying recording paper 13, and a paper discharge unit 14 for discharging printed recording paper 13, and prints ink of plate 1 on recording paper 13 via offset blanket cylinder 10. This is a printing apparatus having an offset printing configuration. FIG. 5B shows an inking roller 6, a plate cylinder 7 on which the plate 1 is wound, a roll-shaped plate supply means 15 provided in the plate cylinder, an impression cylinder 11, and a recording cylinder. The printing apparatus includes a paper feed unit 12 that feeds paper 13 and a paper discharge unit 14 that discharges printed recording paper, and has a direct printing printing configuration in which the ink of the plate 1 is directly transferred to the recording paper 13.
[0087]
5 (a) or 5 (b), a supply means (for example, as shown in the drawing) inside the plate cylinder 7 is supplied from outside the apparatus by manually or automatically (not shown) a rolled plate 16 in which a sheet-shaped plate is rolled. (A rotating shaft for unwinding and a rotating shaft for winding) driven by a motor or the like, and a roll-shaped plate 16 is unwound and wound by plate supply means 15 as shown in the figure. The plate 1 is wound on the plate cylinder 1. As a means for supplying ink to the plate 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 3A, finely kneading from the ink reservoir of the ink reservoir roller 4 via a number of inking rollers 6 to the plate 1 on the plate cylinder 7. A means for supplying ink, or a supply means using an inking roller 6 'composed of a swinging roller 8 and an ink setting roller 9 directly connected to the ink storage roller 4, as shown in FIG. .
[0088]
[Example 9]
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of claim 9 will be described.
Plate recording layer material: fluorinated acrylate polymer,
Light absorber: carbon black,
Plate substrate: PET film (100 μm thickness).
[0089]
Production of plate:
(Coat liquid formulation)
Aqueous dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer synthesized by emulsion polymerization (solid content 20 wt%): 55% by weight,
Urethane resin aqueous dispersion (solid content: 20 wt%): 43% by weight,
Carbon black (average particle diameter 20 nm): 2% by weight,
Was dispersed by ball milling, and filtered with a # 200 mesh stainless steel mesh to obtain a coating solution.
(Coat formula)
The coating liquid is applied to a PET film by a microgravure coater at 20 g / m2. ² And dried at 150 ° C. for 2 minutes.
(Whole surface ink processing)
The prepared plate was immersed in 95 ° C. PEG (# 600) for 10 seconds, washed with water and dried. After that, the plate was wound around a core having a core diameter of φ20 mm in a length corresponding to 30 plates in the longitudinal direction of A3 to obtain a roll-shaped plate.
(Plate making method)
400 mJ / cm for the recording surface of the plate ² Writing was performed with a semiconductor laser at a writing energy density of.
[0090]
Ink: Commercially available waterless lithographic ink.
Viscoelasticity measuring device: MR-300 manufactured by Rheology,
Cone plate: outer diameter φ32 mm,
Cone angle 4.2 °,
Measurement wire: φ2.5mm,
Ink viscoelasticity measurement temperature: 5 ° C,
Vibration conditions: amplitude 1 °, frequency 20 Hz.
[0091]
Various viscoelastic inks were prepared by changing the ratio of the rosin-modified phenol resin containing a commercially available waterless lithographic ink as a base, and printing was performed.
Printing device: offset printing press having a configuration as shown in FIG.
Printing paper: coated paper (Nippon Paper A2 grade paper),
Printing speed: 5000 sheets / min.
[0092]
Implementation results:
As shown in the following Table 9, it was found that the range where the dynamic storage elastic modulus was 15000 to 30000 Pa was the range where both the ground stain resistance and the solid part granularity were excellent.
[0093]
[Table 9]

[0094]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the printing method according to claim 1 includes a plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image area and a non-image area, a resin, a solvent for the resin, and a pigment. Printing method using the prepared ink, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 ° and a frequency of 15,000 Pa, using a cone-plate rotational viscometer. It is characterized by using an ink in the range of 30,000 Pa, so that it is possible to print with less viscous ink without background smearing than before, and to reduce the load on the control of the ink amount and the driving system, and the reliability is improved. The performance is improved.
[0095]
The printing method according to claim 2, wherein a printing plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a resin, a solvent of the resin, a pigment, and a compatibility with the resin. Is a printing method using an ink containing a solvent that does not show a dynamic characteristic at a frequency of 20 Hz at a cone diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 degrees Celsius, an amplitude of 1 degree and a cone-plate rotational viscometer. Since ink having a storage elastic modulus in the range of 10,000 Pa to 20,000 Pa is used, the viscosity of the ink can be further reduced, gloss can be obtained in the image area, and print quality can be improved.
[0096]
The printing method according to claim 3, wherein a printing plate that forms an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image area and a non-image area, and a printing method that uses a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment for the resin. With a cone-plate rotational viscometer, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 °, a temperature of 5 ° C., and an amplitude of 1 ° is in a range of 15,000 Pa to 30,000 Pa, In addition, since the ink has a dynamic storage viscosity in the range of 10 to 50 Pa · s, quality control during ink production becomes possible by specifying the viscosity range.
[0097]
The printing method according to claim 4, wherein a printing plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a resin, a solvent of the resin, a pigment, and a resin are compatible. Is a printing method using an ink containing a solvent that does not show a dynamic characteristic at a frequency of 20 Hz at a cone diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 degrees Celsius, an amplitude of 1 degree and a cone-plate rotational viscometer. The storage elastic modulus is in the range of 10000 Pa to 20,000 Pa, and the dynamic storage viscosity is characterized by using an ink in the range of 1 to 10 Pa · s. Therefore, for low-viscosity ink, the viscosity range is defined. This enables quality control during ink production.
[0098]
The printing method according to claim 5 is the printing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plate surface becomes ink-philic when heated and cooled in a state of being in contact with the liquid as a plate, and It is characterized by using a plate with a member having the property of becoming ink-repellent when heated in a non-contact state on the surface, so that a combination of ink and plate most suitable for the present invention is obtained, and low energy writing is possible. Use of different versions can be realized.
The printing method according to the sixth aspect is characterized in that, in the printing method according to the second or fourth aspect, a member having a polyorganosiloxane structure is used as the solvent having no compatibility with the resin. In the printing method of item 2, the printing quality can be further improved by proposing the most suitable material.
Further, the printing method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the printing method according to claim 1 or 3, a printing plate containing a silicone resin on a recording surface is used, so that an ink and a printing plate suitable for the present invention are used. And the use of a durable plate can be realized.
[0099]
The printing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a plate cylinder for winding and fixing the plate, a resin and a resin Inking means for supplying ink containing a solvent and a pigment to the plate via a roller, means for transferring the ink on the plate to recording paper, and paper conveying means for conveying the recording paper to a transfer unit, With a cone-plate rotational viscometer, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 ° and a frequency of 1 Hz is in the range of 15000 Pa to 30000 Pa, and It is characterized by using ink whose storage viscosity is in the range of 1 to 50 Pa · s, so that it is possible to print with less viscous ink without background contamination than before, and to control and drive the amount of ink. system Load is reduced, and reliability is improved.
[0100]
A printing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a sheet-like plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion is wound around a roll, A plate cylinder to be wound, means for holding the rolled plate inside the plate cylinder and supplying the plate from within the plate cylinder, and a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment of the resin via a roller. It has an inking unit for supplying the plate, a unit for transferring the ink on the plate to the recording paper, and a paper conveying unit for conveying the recording paper to the transfer unit. The dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C. and an amplitude of 1 ° is in the range of 15000 Pa to 30000 Pa, and the dynamic storage viscosity is in the range of 1 to 50 Pa · s. Using an ink that is Because of this feature, the viscosity of the ink can be further reduced, gloss can be obtained in the image area, and print quality can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a diagram schematically illustrating a state in which ink supplied to a plate surface is separated by an ink roller, and FIG. 1B is a diagram schematically illustrating a flow characteristic of ink based on a Maxwell model. is there.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a recording layer of a plate suitable for the printing method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration example of an ink supply unit (inking unit) suitable for the printing method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a printing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the printing apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 edition
2 Ink rollers
3 Ink layer (ink)
4 Ink reservoir roller
5 Ink scraping blade
6 Inking roller
6 'inking roller
7 plate cylinder
8 Swing roller
9 Ink roller
10 Blanket cylinder
11 impression cylinder
12 Paper feed unit
13 Recording paper
14 Paper output unit
15 edition supply means
16 Roll plate

Claims (9)

A plate that forms an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, and a printing method using a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment for the resin,
Using a cone-plate rotary viscometer, an ink having a dynamic storage elastic modulus in the range of 15000 Pa to 30000 Pa at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 °, a temperature of 5 ° C., and an amplitude of 1 ° is required. Characteristic printing method. A plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image part and a non-image part, and an ink containing a resin, a solvent of the resin and a pigment and a solvent not showing compatibility with the resin. The printing method used,
Using a cone-plate rotational viscometer, ink with a dynamic storage elastic modulus in the range of 10,000 Pa to 20,000 Pa at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of φ32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 °, a temperature of 5 ° C., and an amplitude of 1 ° is required. Characteristic printing method. A plate that forms an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, and a printing method using a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment for the resin,
With a cone-plate rotational viscometer, the dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a plate diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 °, and a frequency of 1 Hz is in a range of 15,000 Pa to 30,000 Pa. A printing method using an ink having a storage viscosity of 10 to 50 Pa · s. A plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image part and a non-image part, and an ink containing a resin, a solvent of the resin and a pigment and a solvent not showing compatibility with the resin. The printing method used,
Using a cone-plate rotary viscometer, the dynamic elastic modulus of elasticity at a plate diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, a temperature of 5 ° C., an amplitude of 1 ° and a frequency of 20 Hz is in the range of 10,000 Pa to 20,000 Pa, and the dynamic energy is stored. A printing method using an ink having a viscosity of 1 to 10 Pa · s. In the printing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The plate is characterized by using a plate formed on the surface with a member that has the property of becoming ink-philic when heated and cooled in contact with the liquid, and becomes ink-repellent when heated in the non-contact state with the liquid. And printing method. The printing method according to claim 2 or 4,
A printing method, wherein a member having a polyorganosiloxane structure is used as a solvent having no compatibility with a resin. The printing method according to claim 1 or 3,
A printing method, wherein a plate containing a silicone resin on a recording surface is used as the plate. A plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a plate cylinder around which the plate is wound and fixed, and a roller containing an ink containing a resin, a solvent for the resin, and a pigment Inking means for supplying to the plate via the, a means for transferring the ink on the plate to the recording paper, and a paper conveying means for conveying the recording paper to the transfer unit, with a cone and plate rotational viscometer, Plate diameter φ32mm, cone angle 4.2 °, temperature 5 ° C, amplitude 1 °, dynamic storage elastic modulus at a frequency of 20 Hz at a frequency of 15000 Pa to 30000 Pa, and dynamic storage viscosity is 1 to 50 Pa · A printing apparatus using an ink having a range of s. A roll-shaped plate formed by winding a sheet-shaped plate for forming an image by utilizing a difference in ink adhesion between an image portion and a non-image portion, a plate cylinder for winding the plate, and the plate cylinder A means for supplying the plate from the inside of the plate cylinder while holding the roll-form plate therein, an inking means for supplying a resin and an ink containing a solvent and a pigment of the resin to the plate via a roller, It has a means for transferring the ink on the plate to the recording paper, and a paper conveying means for conveying the recording paper to the transfer section. A cone-plate rotational viscometer has a plate diameter of 32 mm, a cone angle of 4.2 degrees, and a temperature. Dynamic storage elastic modulus at 5 ° C. and amplitude 1 ° at a frequency of 20 Hz is in the range of 15000 Pa to 30000 Pa, and the dynamic storage viscosity is in the range of 1 to 50 Pa · s. Printing device.

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