JP2003512144A - Method and apparatus for material and / or energy exchange in a washing tower - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a washing tower for bringing a liquid introduced from above into intimate contact with a gas, a vapor or a lighter liquid in reverse flow. An adapter (6) is branched from a plurality of stages and thus from a linear liquid guide element (20) for distributing a plurality of liquid streams flowing out of an outflow point (14) to a plurality of the same liquid streams. Become. The adapter (6) consists of a tube joined at a branch point, the lower end of the adapter forming a reaction packing (8), which is integrally formed with the adapter (6).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and a device element and an arrangement of device elements for exchanging substances and / or energy in a scrubber.

[0002] The terms "wash tower" and "material and / or energy exchange" collectively and alternatively refer to the operations used in chemical technology.

In the substance transformation process, substances in the form of liquids and / or vapors or (bzw.) gases are mixed in various ways with one another. Therefore, certain components change from one or more phases to another due to the transfer of matter at the interface. Besides mixing and mass exchange, heat exchange takes place simultaneously. Accordingly, the invention relates to the field of materials and / or heat exchange, for mixing and / or separating gaseous and / or liquid media and material particles dissolved therein, for gas scrubbing, and for catalysts. It can be used with or without a catalyst to accelerate the reaction of chemicals.

Common to these processes is that the gas and liquid interfaces and flow paths, respectively, must meet certain conditions in order to achieve optimum economic results.

This applies to processes such as rectification, adsorption, absorption filtration and desorption, mixing, drying, washing, heat exchange, evaporation, condensation and carrying out catalytically promoted reactions. These operations refer to the concept of "material and / or energy exchange". For these operations, the liquid fed to the upper feed point should be in intimate contact with the countercurrent liquid or vapor or gas.

For the largest possible interfaces, avoiding unequal distribution of the phases (uneven distribution) and thus also maintaining accurate backflow (maximum motive force) is important for the high efficiency of the column.

However, the development of various construction schemes in the last century from the first plate, through non-ordered and well-ordered layers of packing material, to structured packing has led to the above-mentioned conditions and also the throughput and It was shown that the segregation effect was only conditionally improved by structural measures and seemed to hit an insurmountable limit for improved performance.

[0008] For example, regarding the further development of column construction, there are numerous patent documents, but in the case of structured packing there is a certain performance improvement, but due to the costly packing surface Even so, it has proved to rely on conventional plate columns and packing columns in many cases, since until now optimum results have not been achieved.

[0009]

[Prior art]

Within the framework of the subject matter described here, reference is made to US-A 2 405 594 and US-A 2 490 080. US-A 2 405 594 shows in FIGS. 7 to 13 an embodiment of a symmetrical and regular exchange chamber. Zigzag thin elements combined in the same angle in a group to mix and equalize different flowing liquid volumes,
At the junction of the elements, a mixing zone should form with the inner part.

Any mixture of different concentrations is a reduction of the concentration gradient between the liquid and the vapor (gas) conducted in the counterflow and thus also of the driving force. This is as good as energy loss.

For the above reasons, for the sake of improvement, the liquid supply by a nozzle described in US-A 2 405 594, or as described in US-A 2 490 080 is mentioned.

However, atomizing the liquid by means of the nozzle not only results in different size ranges of the droplets, but also causes uneven pouring in the cross section, which has a disadvantageous effect.

Common to all embodiments claimed according to US-A 2 490 080 are:
The liquid to be dispensed flows out through surfaces of various types and shapes, which
Due to the surface tension of the liquid, different thicknesses and rivulets of the membrane form a non-presettable distribution, which results in different residence times of the liquid.

For example, a very thin liquid film is formed even on a fiber surface having a very low liquid volume, and therefore even in the case of a high-performance packing having a fiber surface, the problem of the liquid film having a large liquid volume is not satisfied. Due to the even distribution of the liquid, the separating action is greatly reduced by the non-uniform distribution.

The uneven liquid flow caused by the intermediate distribution points proposed in said patent is unavoidably maintained even in the individual outflow rods that follow. This is because the uneven distribution made during the outflow of the liquid is preserved in the new distribution of such a liquid flow.

In addition, the individual outlet points of the described dispensing rod, in which the liquid is distributed non-uniformly through the fibrous layer, are not above each guide element of regular packing. Therefore,
Non-uniform hydraulic distribution is provided in the regular packing itself.

For example, during the diffusion of the radial liquid in six directions from the distribution point of the regular packing, 1/6 of the distributed quantity is correspondingly 1 during subsequent distributions. / 3
6 flows sideways. On the other hand, 6 × 1/36 = 1/6 flows to the point below the first distribution point. The different outflows are kept step-by-step and can only be equalized after the packing has been completely wetted. In this case, in the capillarity liquid layer at the large contact surface, the cross distribution is no longer achieved and thus the different partial flow rates are no longer equalized. The non-uniform distribution caused by such non-uniform distribution by hydraulic pressure leads to a significantly reduced separation effect and thus also an increase in the specific volume of the packing.

It is known from basic research that a decrease in the separation effect is not actually confirmed in the case of uneven distribution of phases of ± 5% (uneven distribution). On the other hand, in the case of non-uniform distribution of more than ± 50%, the method of action is exacerbated many times, and therefore even by enlarging the surface of the packing, an improvement of the separating action cannot be achieved.

[0019]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Therefore, the present invention provides a material and / or energy exchange that does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, as follows: a minimum specific volume and economical work, while keeping in mind a broad scientific understanding. The aim is to optimize the process, ie to achieve the maximum throughput with minimal interface and mass exchange and minimal pressure drop for the maximum concentration gradient.

Without going into all the other aspects of note, the uniform liquid distribution by three-dimensional space to avoid microscopic and macroscopic imperfections (disequilibrium distribution) of large flows is a major Considered a problem. The purpose is to have the same concentration ratio in every cross section and not different residence times throughout the reaction space.

Only by continuous, guided, liquid throughput from the head of the column over the contact surface, the specific volume is minimal, but an economically effective working method can be achieved. it can.

[0022]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

  With respect to the method, the presented basic problem is solved by the features of claim 1.

The problem underlying this solution is that, in the case of conventional liquid distributors, the possible number of pour points is technically limited because of the maintained tolerance of the quantity per pour point. It is constrained, and yet the number of possible outlet points of the distributor is so limited that it is significantly less than the predetermined number of outlet points for liquid at the top of the column packing.

Given an equal outflow cross section for the individual outflow points of the liquid distributor, experience has shown that relatively good stability and uniformity of the outflowing liquid results in the liquid preferably being substantially Under substantially the same static pressure achieved by the same static liquid column. For this reason, liquid outlet distribution channels at atmospheric pressure and having multiple outlet points have been found to be suitable. However, even in the case of such a channel, the inflow rate (E) that accounts for the difference in the outflow rates of the individual outflow points of the liquid distributor.
influss groesse) occurs. Part of this is the averaging of pour points and therefore also the difference in dam height. The difference in blocking height is caused by the flow gradients of the liquids that nachlaufen later into the channel and vary depending on the liquid volume. The goal is to keep the difference of no more than ± 5% of the liquid volume flowing out from each individual discharge point. This means that a weir height difference of ± 1 mm is at least 10 mm.
Correspondingly, it means that a variation of ± 2 mm must be provided with a difference in weir height of 20 mm, and a variation of ± 3 mm must be provided with a difference in weir height of 30 mm. This means that for a normal cross section of about 3 to 6 mm ² of outlet, the minimum amount of liquid flowing out from a certain outlet must be about 5 l / h. However, for stability reasons, 20-30 l / h will be chosen at the outflow point. However, this is a large flow that far exceeds the amount of liquid fed to a certain feed point of the reaction packing.

In response to this, the present invention uses a multi-stage method to change the amount of liquid flowing out from each outflow point of the distributor.
It is proposed to distribute as much as possible the same guided partial flow by means of parallel branch points. The ideal case claimed in claim 2 consists in distributing the liquid streams from each outflow point of the liquid distributor into the same number of identical substreams. The difference from this ideal case, i.e. the recombining of the predetermined substreams, is the problem of the so-called edge of the column packing in each case, i.e. , May be appropriate to compensate for problems caused by the inability to distribute in all directions due to back mixing with adjacent streams.

The basic principle of the invention is that the dispersion stream is distributed in multiple stages from a liquid distributor into multiple sub-streams by repeated distribution of a large number of washing packings, far exceeding the number of distributor outlet points. The purpose is to feed to the feed point, thus avoiding a possibly good distribution of the filter plate or the textile surface, which cannot guarantee an even distribution in the partial streams.

Accordingly, in the present invention, the device according to claim 3 for distributing the liquid to be washed in the reaction column meets the above-mentioned requirements, for example a conventional liquid distributor having a plurality of distribution channels. Beginning with, a distribution adapter (hereinafter simply referred to as an adapter) is located after this liquid distributor and consists of a linear liquid guiding element having one upper end and a plurality of lower ends, which liquid guiding elements are , In a multi-stage manner, in particular between 3 and 7 layers, between the upper and lower ends, a plurality of upper ends being individually or in the same group of a plurality of upper ends of the distributor. It is assigned to one outflow point and the lower end is assigned to each feed point of the reaction packing.

“Linear liquid guide element” (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “linear guide element”)
The concept expresses that this is not a flat formation in which the liquids can approach and have an unaffected distribution or distribution of liquid flow. Except at the intersections where the linear guide elements can diverge or merge, wetting of each other by the liquid streams guided in the guide elements does not occur. The concept of "linear guide element" describes that the guide element further directs a given liquid flow. This does not require the guide element to extend, for example, strictly linearly. The guide element is a waveform,
It may be curved or otherwise configured. The guide element may consist of wires and filaments of suitable material, may be monofilled or multifilled and have a surface structure suitable for liquid adhesives.

As already mentioned above, it is preferable that the liquid distributor, which is placed in front of the adapter according to the present invention and has various requirements, is a system consisting of distribution channels under atmospheric pressure.

The upper end of the linear guide element is assigned to the outlet of the distributor and must be correspondingly connected to the outlet. Therefore, the liquid can be supplied from a certain outflow point to the upper end of a certain linear guide element or to the upper end of a group of linear guide elements completely and without influence of the outflow rate. This can be done, for example, by: the upper end of the guide element being fixed to the distribution channel below the overflow notch provided in the side wall of the distribution channel. However, a preferred method according to the invention for attaching a linear guide element to a distribution channel is to insert a pipe socket in the bottom of the distribution channel, into which the upper end of the guide element is inserted from below. It is inserted and fixed there. In this case, the overflow points of the distribution channels are in the walls of these pipe sockets, so that the method of mounting the linear guide elements on the pipe sockets has no effect on the outflow rate at a certain outflow point. Naturally, this means that the free flow cross section at the connection point of the linear guide element to the pipe socket is large below and around the guide element and therefore flows into the pipe socket. It means that the amount of liquid overflow can be easily absorbed from the channel. The overflow point formed on the pipe socket is an opening provided on the wall of the pipe socket, and may be an overflow notch formed on the upper edge of the pipe socket.

It is preferred that the linear liquid guide element comprises a strand of wire or filament. Starting from the lower end, these strands are bundled together at their respective branch points and together are bundled at the upper end of the guide element. In this case, the plurality of lower ends may already consist of multifill partial strands. The combined top end can be inserted into the overflow pipe socket of the liquid distributor. In this case, the bundled upper ends of certain linear guide elements have a free cross section used for diverting the liquid between the individual substrands.

In order to avoid liquid movements in the liquid distributor and the different liquid levels which occur in that case, the liquid distributor is preferably cardan-suspended and of the downstream distributor adapter. The linear guide elements are designed elastically, the lower ends of these guide elements being connected to the respective feed points of the reaction packing. Cardan suspension is used in liquid distributors, especially when the conditions prevailing at the stand of the device can induce movement of the liquid in the liquid distributor. This is especially true in the case of moving or rocking standing sites. The moving or swaying stand is a ship or a boring workshop. It should be pointed out here that the cardan suspension is already inventive in its own right and can easily be used with previously known liquid distributors of the prior art.

The lower end of the linear guide element is provided according to the invention, as it is assigned to the feed point of the liquid-filled reaction packing. The lower end of the linear guide element and correspondingly the feed point of the reaction packing are then preferably provided in the same cross-section of the column in the assumed cross section of the column. The polygonal raster may be a square raster, in particular a square raster, a triangular raster or a hexagonal raster. You can convert the hexagonal raster back to a triangular raster. Correspondingly, the branch points of the linear guide elements of the adapter are also located at the assumed points of the raster. However, these assumed points need not coincide with the points on the bottom raster.

The adapter may be designed to distribute the strands coming from above by lateral deflection of all partial strands at a branch point of a linear guide element. However, some filaments, in the direction of the incoming strand,
There is also the possibility of further guidance from above the fork. This is one of the guiding elements
It can have the advantage that the retained central partial strands of the book can be used simultaneously for suspension and tensioning of the adapter formation, as will be explained further below.

An advantageous embodiment is that one linear guide element has a distribution point into four or five partial streams at a branch point of a stage, four of these partial strands being As seen in the projection, they are at an angle of 90 °, diverging from one another and diverging from one another, and in some cases the fifth partial strand is guided further in the center. In another preferred embodiment, at a branch point of a stage of the adapter, a distribution is made into 6 or 7 sub-strands, 6 of the sub-strands being 60 ° in the projection. It is diverged from the bifurcation at an angle, and in some cases the seventh partial strand is guided further in the centre.

Under certain assumptions, a systematic tree-like structure of adjacent linear guide elements,
In particular, an embodiment in which the lower part strands are joined and joined to one another may be suitable. This can have the advantage of joining the individual guide elements together to form a tensionable overall structure. At these points, for example, when two partial strands are brought together, a doubling of the liquid stream distributed to the individual strands occurs. This can be leveled again by the subsequent individual branch points provided there. Therefore, the lower end of the distribution adapter directs the same liquid flow. Such a difference from the ideal construction may be necessary if a predetermined planar distribution of the liquid outflow points has to be adapted to a given raster distribution of the feed points of the packing to be cleaned. is there. On the other hand, it is possible that substream reassembly of the adapter can be effective without subsequent redistribution if the liquid flow should meet the special importance of constant packing. The purpose is, for example, to compensate for some packing edge problems. The reason for this is that there is no subsequent remixing of the substreams from the outside at the subsequent crossing points of the packing in the manner of cross-mixing within the packing. It is important that at the lower end of the adapter, a certain partial flow is created which has an unintentional size of flow situation.

In principle, the device according to the invention, which consists of a liquid distributor with certain assumptions and a subsequent distribution adapter of the type described above, is suitable for various conventional column packings, in particular for the liquid feed points. It can be used with packings that have different rasters on the top.

However, with said distributor adapter, a reaction packing which allows a structure similar to that of the adapter and therefore also a corresponding flow situation for that structure is provided not only for the further distribution of the liquid stream but also for the individual streams. Preference is given to branching at a certain point and to the mixing of substreams with substreams of adjacent streams. Thus, the claimed reaction packing likewise consists of linear liquid guiding elements. The liquid supply point above the liquid guide element is located at the intersection of the envisaged polygonal raster, in particular the triangular raster, the rectangular raster or the hexagonal raster. The linear guide elements of the packing, which do not always have a further branching structure, run vertically in the wash column together and consist of multiple strands of wires or filaments. These strands are bundled at even intervals and are spread between the tie points to form partial strands, the expanded partial strands contacting the corresponding partial strands of adjacent strands. ing.

In order to improve the mechanical stability of the formation, it is appropriate for these partial filaments in contact with one another to be connected to one another at a contact point. As in the case of the distribution adapter, the binding points of the strands are here respectively located at the intersections of the faces of the assumed polygonal raster. Also in the case of packing, in a preferred embodiment the strand consists of 4 or 5 partial strands. The four partial strands diverge from a certain tie point in the projection view, each at an angle of 90 °, and in some cases the fifth partial strand is further guided centrally. Alternatively, the strand consists of 6 or 7 sub-strands, correspondingly 6 sub-strands being unrolled from said bifurcation at an angle of 60 °, respectively, as seen in the projection, and optionally a 7th sub-strand Is further guided by. More often than is the case with distribution adapters, a substantially linear packing and a fifth or seventh partial stream respectively guided through the (bzw.) column can be used for suspension and tensioning of the packing.

At the tie point of the packing, the partial streams of a strand may be connected to each other in parallel attachment or by tying aids, eg rings, loops. The partial strands may be twisted at the binding points. A possible even distribution of the liquid at the binding points into the partial strands can be achieved by means of the defined surface structure of the wires or filaments of the linear guide elements. In particular, it should be taken into account that, as the central substrand is guided further, the distribution of the liquid at the binding points to the substrand is as evenly distributed as possible. For this purpose, a certain surface structure of the wire or filament of the linear guide element can be useful.

The contact point between the partial strands of the adjacent strands is preferably located in the envisaged plane, centered between the two adjacent raster planes of the binding points. In this case, the contact point can be located at the central point of the plane defined by the raster of the binding points as seen in the projection.

It is not necessary for the partial strands to extend straight from the binding point to the point of contact with the adjacent partial strands and back again to the next binding point. Partial strands can, for example, have bent extensions, which occur when the twisted rope is unwound at a certain point in the opposite direction of rotation. When further guiding the central partial strand, this partial strand can be shrunk, for example in the machine direction.
Therefore, the untwisted rope structure is retained at that point. Thus, in such an embodiment, the formation of the packing strands can be performed as in the case of a spiral rope, where a wire or filament that is bundled and twisted around a core wire or filament is used. , At regular intervals, by the manufacture of stress relief, during the stress between the upper and lower stops of the packing, the core wire or core filament and the expanded wire or There is no repulsion of the wire or filament with the strand.

The lattice structure of the packing may be designed in different vertical sections of the packing (Hoehenabschnitte) or in different ways in order to meet the predetermined requirements.

A preferred embodiment of the invention consists in a prefabricated built-in unit for the tower. In this built-in unit, the lower ends of the linear guide elements of the dispensing adapter are connected to the upper ends of the packing strands, these upper ends being the feed points of the packing for the liquid. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the strands of packing are further guided as the lower end of the linear guide element of the adapter, and at the branch point of the adapter are grouped up to the grouped upper end. These upper ends are assigned to the liquid outflow points of the distributor. This results in an integrally assembled structure that is prefabricated and subsequently hung or fitted into the tower. As mentioned above much further, the centrally guided further strands and wires of the adapter and the packing facilitate the suspension of such a unit. Due to the widening, such a structure can in particular have a space holder between the strands of suitable packing, also at the upper end of the packing, suitably at the lower end. There is also the possibility of tensioning the packing towards the inner wall of the tower. The packing can either be mounted directly on the inner wall of the tower or suspended freely within the inner wall so that the
It is also advantageous to have a liquid circulation belt installed at an angle, or a laterally corrugated plate half in contact with the periphery of the packing. These belts or plate halves return liquid that falls along the walls of the tower or that drops laterally from the packing back to the packing.

The built-in unit according to the invention, consisting of a packing and a distribution adapter, is provided with a collecting adapter at the lower end of the packing, if necessary, which collection adapter corresponds to the inverted distribution adapter. And is used to collect the dripping liquid at a predetermined collection point in a number corresponding to the number of outflow points of the upper liquid distributor. Similarly, there may be collection channels below the packing, to which collection adapters communicate with the outflow point of the packing. Of course, it is appropriate for such a collection adapter to be designed integrally with the packing. In detail, the strands of packing are further guided to the collecting adapter and are organized in stages.

For certain applications, for example during the intermediate injection of liquid and / or vapor or (bzw.) gas into the column, the column space consists of a packing, a distribution adapter and a collection adapter, respectively, eg 2 Two built-in units are installed one above the other in the tower. The liquid collected from the collection adapter of the upper packing is then distributed again to the lower packing in the distribution adapter of the lower unit.

In general, the wires or filaments of the linear liquid element and the strands formed thereof may, if desired, be electrically, thermally and / or catalytically constructed. it can. The linear guide elements and adapters and packings consist of materials which are processed into wires or filaments, in particular metallic or non-metallic materials such as plastics, glass fibers or carbon fibers.
Indeed, as already mentioned far above, the wires and filaments may have various constructions. They can be monofilled or multifilled, spun into fibers (filaments), twisted or unrolled, or have a defined structure, which Includes a mesh chain.

[0048]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention will be described in detail individually with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings. The method and apparatus for washing or distributing the supplied liquid to the reaction column will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section and a schematic side view of the upper part of a column 2 with a liquid distributor 4 and a distribution adapter 6 below it. The distribution adapter is for further distribution of the liquid into a number of substreams, which are then fed to the regularly structured reaction packing 8. In FIG. 2, only the raster structure of the packing points of this packing 8 is visible in the cross section of the tower.

The illustrated liquid distributor 4 has a system of distribution channels 10. Liquid is supplied to these distribution channels through the inlet short pipe 12. The distribution channel 10 has a limited number of liquid outflow points 14.

The outlet point of the distribution channel is usually under its pressure in a substantially identical static liquid column. This makes it possible to achieve an outflow rate per outflow point on the premise of the same outflow cross section of a plurality of outflow points. The spillages differ only slightly from one another when observing certain assumptions. In order to achieve good liquid distribution as described below, it is sought to obtain different outflow rates by less than ± 5% from outflow point to outflow point. To this end, depending on the demand for accuracy,
A minimum of liquid column in the distribution channel is required. Examples of these distribution channels have already been mentioned above. It is known that the distribution channel has an outflow point in the form of an overflow and the accuracy that can be achieved by the distribution channel. Therefore, for the liquid distributor 4, any known means can be used which fulfills the stated requirements for accuracy. However, the overflow device shown in FIG. 1 is a special type and is novel in this regard. Such an overflow device is adapted to the subsequent system of the dispensing adapter 6 and will be described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12.

Within the liquid distributor 4, if a certain tolerance limit is to be observed between the outflow points 14, then a certain liquid stop height (Fluessigkeitsstauhoehe) in the distribution channel 10 is required. This likewise assumes that the number of pour points is technically limited. This is because if the number of columns increases, too much liquid will be supplied.

A rear distribution adapter 6 is used to further distribute the liquid flowing out of the outflow point 14. With this distribution adapter, the liquid flowing out of the outflow point 14 is distributed in a partial flow suitable for packing. The number of partial streams is many times greater than the number of outflow points 14. The reaction packing 8 is specially constructed such that the reaction packing has a large number of discrete liquid feed points 18, each of which has to be fed with a partial stream of the adapter 6. There is.

Hereinafter, the structure of the liquid distribution adapter 6 and the distribution of the liquid supplied to the distribution adapter into the partial flows will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.

The adapter 6 has a plurality of linear liquid guide elements 20 (see FIG. 1). Each or a group of these liquid guide elements is assigned to a liquid outflow point 14 of the distributor 4. In one embodiment, a side view of the schematic construction of such a linear liquid guide element 20 is shown in FIG. 3 and a schematic plan view is shown in FIG. The liquid guide element has an upper end 22 connecting the liquid guide element to the liquid distributor 4 and a number of lower ends 24. Between the upper end 22 and the lower end 24, there are branch points 26 in a plurality of steps. These bifurcation points are designated by reference numeral 2 in FIG.
6a, 26b and 26c are attached. In the illustrated embodiment, each branching point divides the incoming liquid stream into seven substreams. These seven substreams are not all shown and are not visible in FIG. 3 for the sake of clarity. This is because these branch points are partially covered in the side view. However, the distribution is apparent from the plan view of FIG. Of the seven substreams at each branch, as seen in the projection, always six are guided in the direction of the other branch or finally from the branch towards the feed point of the reaction packing. The targets of these substreams form regular hexagons, while the seventh substream is guided further down in the center to form the hexagonal center points. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, a distribution of the incoming liquid flow occurs at the upper end 22 of the linear guide element 20 and by three-stage distribution into each of seven partial flows,
7 leads to the final distribution of ³ to i.e. 343 partial stream of. These partial flows are shown in FIG.
Are arranged in a regular raster. This raster can be called a hexagonal raster. This hexagonal raster can be abbreviated to a triangular raster, since in the example shown the distribution points at each bifurcation, but at the center point of the hexagon, have a further directed flow at the center. From FIG. 4, by means of the linear guide element 20,
The distribution of the incoming liquid stream to the lower end 24 of the guide element 20 results,
All of these lower ends likewise maintain the underlying spacing between the triangular rasters and the lower ends of adjacent branch points, as shown in FIG. This means the resulting distribution into substantially the same substreams.

The illustrated structure is described as a linear guide element, since at each branch the incoming liquid stream is distributed into a discrete number of substantially the same partial streams. These substreams flow further along the guide element to the next branch point or to the target point and do not change or split unambiguously in the intermediate path. In the case of a distribution adapter, the guide elements will usually extend linearly between the individual branch points. But this is not a requirement.

The guide element itself may be formed from a plurality of suitable materials in the form of wires or filaments. These materials are described far below in the context of correspondingly formed reaction packings. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, the guide element consists of individual wires or filaments, or already thin and particularly twisted strands of wires or filaments. These strands at the lowermost end pass through the entire linear guide element and are respectively connected to the branch point 2 by twisting or fastening, for example.
6 are joined together and together form the main strand of the upper end 22 of the guide element 20.

In order to suspend or tension one non-rigid linear guide element or the guide elements of the entire group forming the distribution adapter, at each branch point, a partial strand that is always guided further down in the center Alternatively, it may be appropriate to provide the (bzw.) bifurcation with a suspension or support element that is guided further upwards but is not supplied with liquid.

5 and 6 show the structure of a somewhat different structure of the linear guide element of the distribution adapter. The guide element is branched into five stages. The guide elements differ from the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 in particular in the following points, namely at the upper branch points 28a, 28b, 28c and 28d, the distribution of the six substreams being hexagonal, respectively. It is also done in a raster, but differs in that there is no central strand that is further guided in the center. Furthermore, from the branch point 28b in the second stage, the partial strands are cross-linked with each other. The partial stream re-assembling, but the subsequent re-distribution made thereby, has the advantage that the inhomogeneities that may occur during the previous distribution can be partially re-balanced. However, eventually the same partial flow occurs again. At the branch point 28e of the last stage, only the distribution into the three partial flows is performed, respectively. This makes it possible to adapt the number of lower ends 24 of the linear guide elements to the number of supply points 18 of the packing to be connected, which supply liquid.

7 to 10 show partial features of the reaction packing 8. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the lower end of the distribution adapter 6 is connected to the feed point 18 of the packing 8. As is more apparent from FIG. 1, starting from the bottom, the partial strands of the linear guide element 20 of the adapter 6 are gathered at the individual branch points and are therefore
The upper end 22 of the linear guide element 20 forms an integrated common strand. However, as already mentioned, the lower end 24 of the linear guide element 20 also already consists of a partial strand having a plurality of wires or filaments. These partial strands at the lower end of the adapter 6 are further guided directly into the reaction packing feed point 18 as regular three-dimensional reaction packing strands. Therefore, the liquid partial stream exiting the adapter 6 is further guided at the feed point from the same strand or (bzw.) guide element to the packing without interruption.

7A and 7B show a partial side view and a plan view of the packing 8. The packing itself consists only of linear liquid guide elements forming a stitch structure, such as a liquid dispensing adapter. The packing is constituted by a number of strands 30 extending substantially parallel and perpendicular to each other, each of these strands being composed of a plurality of wires, filaments or the like. The strands 30 have tie points 32 at regular intervals. Each of these binding points 32 lies on a common, envisaged surface, on which the intersection of polygonal rasters, in the case of hexagonal rasters, is arranged. Between the binding points 32, the strands 30 are spread out and formed into partial strands 34. As can be seen from FIG. 7B, starting from each binding point 32, the six partial strands 34 are spread out obliquely outward and inward from each other at an angle of 60 °. These unrolled partial strands are connected at contact points 36 with the likewise unrolled partial strands of the adjacent strands 30. The partial strands are then guided back from the contact points 36 to the binding points 32 on the raster surface immediately below.

The liquid stream supplied to the strands 30 is distributed at the binding point 32 into the current number of partial strands 34. At the contact point 36, the partial streams thus distributed from the multiple strands are combined, mixed, leveled and distributed again into the same number of partial streams. These substreams are then recombined at the tie point 32 with the corresponding other substreams of the strand. This causes a substantially constant liquid flow in one strand 30 through the entire packing. However, at the contact point 36, mutual mixing with adjacent flows (Quervermischung), i.e. concentration adjustment, takes place.

FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a portion including the reaction packing 8. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, the binding points 32 are each located on a common, assumed plane and meet the intersection of the quadrilateral rasters on this plane. It can likewise be seen that the contact points 36 between the partial strands 34 of the adjacent strands 30 lie in the plane between the horizontal raster planes. In this plane, the contact points 36 likewise form a square raster like the raster of the binding points 32. Since the two rasters are horizontally offset from each other, the intersection of the rasters formed by the contact points 36 forms the center point of the plane of the raster formed by the binding points 32, as seen in the projection. The uppermost bundling point 32 shown in FIG. 8A, that is, the upper bundling point 32 of the uppermost raster surface of the reaction packing, may be formed as the supply point 18 for the liquid.

FIG. 8B is a perspective view of a portion including the reaction packing 8. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8B, the binding points 32 are each located on a common, envisaged surface and meet the intersection of the triangular rasters on this surface. It can likewise be seen that the contact points 36 between the partial strands 34 of the adjacent strands 30 lie in the plane between the horizontal raster planes. In this plane, the contact points 36 likewise form a raster which is offset horizontally with respect to the raster of the binding points 32. Figure 8 (B)
At the top bundling point 32, ie, the top raster surface of the reaction packing,
The binding point 32 may be formed as a supply point 18 for the liquid.

The packing strands 30 may be formed in various ways. (A of FIG. 9
) And (B) show an embodiment in which the individual partial strands 34 of one strand 30 are bundled at the tie points 32 by tying aids in the form of rings 38. In this case, the partial strands 34 are guided and bundled in parallel at the binding points 32. Another embodiment is shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. Here, the strand 40 is formed in the form of a twisted rope. Between the binding points 32 where the rope stays in its original structure, the rope is untwisted in the direction opposite to the twisting direction. Therefore, the individual partial strands 42 are arcuately spread out. This can be stopped by heat treatment or similar measures, for example in the case of strands of plastic wire.

From FIG. 10A, it can be seen that in the embodiment there, in addition to the outwardly extended partial strand 42, the middle partial strand 44 is further guided in the center. This embodiment has manufacturing and application advantages. 7 (A
It should be pointed out that also in the embodiments of FIGS.), (B) and FIG. 9, there is a central partial strand 44 which is further guided in the center. However, this partial strand is not visible in the figure. However, there may be embodiments without the middle strand 44.

For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 10, the middle partial strand 44 may be formed as a so-called Kerneinlage, which is usual in rope manufacturing technology. Figure 10
The production of the strands shown in (1) is done, for example, by allowing the wires or filaments that are twisted or entangled around the core to be spread out at regular intervals. The core is shortened by waving, compression or other measures between the tie points 32 to prevent the rebound resilience of the spread partial strands when the strands of thin wires or filaments are tensioned in the built-in state of the tower. To be done. Thus, the middle part strand 44 or core not only has manufacturing engineering advantages, but can also absorb the pulling forces for tensioning the packing during its incorporation.

11 and 12 now show in detail the particular embodiment of attaching the upper end 22 of the strand of the liquid distribution adapter 6 to the liquid distributor 4. A pipe socket (Rohrstutzen) 46 is inserted into the bottom of the distribution channel 10. The strand-shaped upper end 22 of the branched linear guide element 22 of the liquid-dispersing adapter 6 is inserted into this connector from below and is suitably attached to the pipe socket. The pipe socket 46 has overflow holes 48 at various heights,
Liquid flows into the pipe socket 46 through the overflow hole in response to collection in the distribution channel 10. If the liquid level is higher, the liquid can flow over the upper edge of the pipe socket 46 and into the pipe socket. For this purpose it is appropriate that the upper edge may be provided with suitable overflow notches (not shown).

The overflowing liquid reaches the upper end of a linear liquid guide element formed into a strand that is composed of multiple filaments or wires. The cross-section of this strand generally has sufficient hollow space between the wire and the filament that liquids flow down the wire and filament of the strand, as they are formed, for example, with a circular cross-section. That is the case. If these cross-section hollow spaces are not sufficient in the case of a high liquid supply, for example, an annular space can be left open between the pipe socket 46 and the strand. Therefore, the liquid can additionally flow along the outer surface of the strand.
When the amount of liquid supplied is too small, the free cross section in the wire or strand of filaments may be too large. This does not guarantee an even distribution of liquid on the individual wires and filaments. In this case, it is appropriate to mount the diaphragm plate 50 on the upper end 22 of the strand, as shown in the embodiment of Figures 11 and 12. The diaphragm plate 50 may be formed as an annular small plate that partially covers the cross section of the strand. However, the diaphragm plate may also be formed as a filter plate made of, for example, sintered metal. This creates a very even flow distribution through the strands of wire or filament. Furthermore, the filter plate 51 may be provided in addition to and in cooperation with the diaphragm plate 50.

In order to avoid clogging the free cross section between the individual partial strands by solid particles which cannot be separated from the liquid even by filtration, these are additionally added by a cross flow of the liquid through the filtration platelets. It is possible to avoid the settling of solid particles by pumping some of the liquid supplied to the individual strands through suction filtration tubes 52, which are respectively inserted in the individual pipe sockets 46. . As a result, when the amount of liquid supplied to the tower is small, the overflow pipe socket 46
Supplying a larger amount of liquid, thus leveling out the unavoidable differences due to the manufacture, assembly and liquid gradients of the liquid distribution pipe 10 through the higher liquid column by means of the outflow.
It is also possible to control the spillage with a distribution adapter.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a longitudinal cross section of an embodiment of the reaction column. In this reaction tower, the liquid is supplied to the reaction tower 2 through the inflow short pipe 12 at the upper end, and after passing through the reaction tower, exits from the reaction tower through the outlet 9 at the lower end of the reaction tower 2. Gas is introduced into the reaction column through an inlet hole 13 provided at the lower end of the reaction column 2. This gas exits the reaction column through an exit hole 11 at the top. Thus, liquid on the one hand and gas on the other hand pass in opposite directions through the reaction column. If the flow pattern (Stroemungsvorgaenge) is reversed, mass and / or energy exchange is obtained. The liquid supplied through the inflow short pipe 12 first reaches the liquid distributor 4. The liquid distributor has a plurality of liquid distributors 4'on its side surface, through which the liquid flows through the outflow point 14 of the liquid distributor 4.
Reach A liquid distribution adapter 6 follows, through which the discharged liquid is distributed to a number of feed points 18 of the reaction packing 8. Adapter 6
Consists of linear liquid elements 20, which are further branched step by step, thus distributing the liquid stream supplied from the outflow point 14 into a number of identical partial streams. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the liquid is the first reaction packing 8
After passing through, they are collected again by the collecting adapter 5 provided below the reaction packing 8. In principle, the collection adapter 5 is an inverted distribution adapter 6. The distribution adapter is connected to the collection adapter 5 for the second time.
And the distribution adapter 6 are connected by a connecting guide element 100. The liquid distributed in the partial flow through the distribution adapter 6 passes through the reaction packing 8 again while immersing the supply pipe 18 of the second reaction packing 8. At the end of the reaction packing, the liquid is again collected through the collecting adapter 5 and finally out of the collecting adapter 4 through the guide element attached to the lower end and subsequently through the outlet 9 the reaction column. 2 out of all.

Referring again to FIG. 1, as already described above, the illustrated combination of liquid distribution adapter 6 and reaction packing 8 is integrally designed and tensioned to column 2 by suitable means. And is connected to the liquid distributor 4 by the upper end 22 of the adapter 6. In the illustrated embodiment, the packing 8 extends to the wall of the tower 2. In order to avoid the formation of trickle along the wall of the tower,
Deflection belts 56 are provided obliquely downward and inward at intervals. These deflecting belts direct liquid from the walls of the column back into the packing. In particular, such deflection belts can be provided directly around the packing in order to direct the edge flow back to the packing when it does not fill the entire cross section of the column. In order to tension the packing in the tower, the packing should have a suitable liquid feed point 1
In the uppermost region of the packing, between the binding points forming 8, the horizontal, preferably liquid-carrying, lateral coupling means may be provided. These lateral coupling means allow the packing to be spread and tensioned horizontally.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of the top of a washing or reaction column with a liquid distributor and a distribution adapter for the liquid connected to this liquid distributor, as well as the feed above the regular column packing. There is.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the integrated part of the tower shown in FIG. 1 and the underlying square raster plane of the reaction packing, which is located below it.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the structural part of the linear liquid guide element of the distribution adapter, which results in the distribution of liquids into seven partial streams each at a branch point.

4 shows a plan view of the structure shown in FIG. 3 with the distribution of the raster at the end of the linear guide element.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic side view of another construction of a linear liquid guide element of a distribution adapter, which distributes each of the four partial streams at a branch point and reassembles the partial streams in the lower region of the guide element. .

[Figure 6]   6 shows a plan view of the structure shown in FIG.

7A is a schematic side view of a portion of a three-dimensional ordered reaction packing structure having a lattice structure and a hexagonal lattice, and FIG. 7B is a plan view of the portion shown in FIG. Is shown.

FIG. 8 (A) shows a schematic side perspective view of a portion of a three-dimensional ordered reaction packing structure having a lattice structure and a rectangular raster, and (B) shows a three-dimensional structure having a lattice structure and a triangular raster. Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a structured reaction packing structure portion.

9 (A) shows a side view of a portion of another embodiment of a reaction packing strand, and FIG. 9 (B) shows a plan view of the portion shown in FIG. 9 (A).

10 (A) shows a side view of a portion of another embodiment of a strand of reaction packing, and FIG. 10 (B) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the strand shown in FIG. 10 (A).

FIG. 11 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-section of the distribution channel of a liquid distributor with the upper end of the linear image substrate guide element of the distribution adapter attached to the distributor.

[Fig. 12]   12 shows a schematic plan view of the device shown in FIG. 11.

[Fig. 13]   1 shows a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a reaction tower.

[Procedure for Amendment] Submission for translation of Article 34 Amendment of Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] December 19, 2001 (2001.12.19)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] Claim 1

[Correction method] Change

[Contents of correction]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, I T, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ , CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, K E, LS, MW, MZ, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG , ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, BZ, C A, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM , DZ, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, K E, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS , LT, LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MZ, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, R U, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM , TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW

Claims (43)

[Claims] 1. A method for exchanging substances and / or energy in a scrubber (2), which is under substantially the same static pressure, in particular under substantially the same static liquid column, of the same kind, A liquid to be washed, in particular of the same cross section, to be evenly distributed by means of a technically limited number of outflow points (14) provided on the liquid distributor (4) for reasons of quantity stability. To the column, and a plurality of liquid streams flowing out from the limited number of outflow points (14) are provided in a multistage manner by the branch points (26, 28) provided in parallel to the distributor ( 4) is divided into a large number of guided substreams which greatly exceed the number of the outlet points (14), each of these substreams of a three-dimensional reaction packing (8) provided in the column (2). Of the plurality of liquid feed points (18) of the reaction packing distributed over the cross section, How to feed one of them. 2. The ratio of the feed point (18) to the outflow point (14) is determined by the number of the feed points (18) without re-joining the partial flow generated at that time with another partial flow. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is chosen to be an integral multiple of the pour point (14). 3. The liquid is substantially regular in the reaction column (2), on the upper surface of the three-dimensional reaction packing (8) provided in this column, over the cross section of said column (2). For distributing to a number of liquid supply points (18) distributed in different rasters,
A liquid distributor (4) having a plurality of homogeneous outflow points (14) capable of applying substantially the same static hydraulic pressure, in particular substantially the same liquid dam height, to this distributor And a dispensing adapter (6) having a linear liquid guiding element (20) with one upper end (22) and a plurality of lower ends (24), the liquid guiding element ( 20) is multi-staged, in particular 3 to 7 times, and is divided into steps (26, 28) between the upper end (22) and the lower end (24), the plurality of upper ends being One of the distributors (4), either individually or in the same group of several upper ends
A device which is assigned to one outflow point (14), the lower end (24) being assigned to each feed point (18) of the reaction packing (8). 4. The liquid distributor (4) is a distribution channel () under atmospheric pressure.
10) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises: 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the outflow point (14) is the overflow point of the distribution channel (10). 6. The upper end (22) of the linear guide element (20) assigned to the outlet point (14) of the distributor (4) is provided on the side wall of the distribution channel. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that it is attached below the overflow point. 7. The pipe socket (46) projecting from below into the distribution channel (10), the linear guide element (20) being assigned to the outlet point (14) of the distributor (4). 6) and the overflow points (48) of the distribution channel (10) are provided in these pipe sockets (46). 8. The overflow point has a notch in the upper edge of these pipe sockets and / or has a lateral inlet hole (48) in the pipe socket (46).
8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that 9. The linear guide element (20) is formed from a strand of wire or filament, starting from the lower end (24) and bundled at the branch points (26, 28), respectively. The upper end (2) of the guide element (20)
2) together, the lower end (2) of the linear guide element (20).
Device according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that 4) consists of monofilament or multifill partial strands. 10. A strand of a linear guide element (20) passes through the bottom of the distributor (4) while maintaining an open cross-sectional area at the upper end (22). 10. Device according to claim 7 or 9, characterized in that it is inserted in one of these pipe sockets (46) and is fixed in this pipe socket (46). 11. An open-flow cross section of a strand (20, 22), in particular a diaphragm plate (50), made of, for example, sintered metal, mounted on the end face of the upper end.
11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that it is restricted by a flow restriction device, and / or in the form of a filtration plate (51). 12. The pipe socket (46) comprises a plurality of suction tubes (52) for suction filtration of dye-containing or excess liquid, in particular above the strands.
The device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the device is provided. 13. The liquid distributor (4) is suspended in a cardan fashion, and the linear guide elements (20) of the distributor adapter (6) installed afterwards are elastic and these guide elements are provided. 13. The lower end (24) of said is connected to each feed point (18) of said reaction packing (8), according to any one of claims 3 to 12.
The device according to. 14. The lower end (24) of all linear guide elements (20).
) In particular coincides with the feed point (18) of the reaction packing (8) at the intersection of the polygonal rasters assumed in the horizontal plane of the tower, in particular the triangular rasters, the quadrangular rasters or the hexagonal rasters. The device according to any one of claims 3 to 13, characterized in that it is located. 15. The branch points (26, 28) of each stage of the linear guide element (20) of the adapter (6) are also located at the intersections of polygon rasters, respectively, and the branch points (26 15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the raster of (26, 28) may be different from the raster of the lower end (24) of the guide element. 16. A branch point of a stage of the adapter has a distribution point into 4 or 5 sub-streams, 4 of the sub-strands being 90 ° in plan view. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that they are angularly diverging from one another from the bifurcation point and, in some cases, the fifth partial strand is additionally guided centrally. 17. A branch point (26, 28) of a stage of the adapter has a distribution point into 6 or 7 sub-strands, 6 of the sub-strands being seen in a perspective view. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that it is diverged from the branch point at an angle of 60 ° and optionally the seventh partial strand is additionally guided centrally. 18. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, in particular, in the central region of the adapter (6), a plurality of partial strands of adjacent guide elements are assembled at the intersection of the rasters. The device according to 1. 19. The device according to claim 14, wherein the partial strands of adjacent guide elements have no contact points. 20. A reactive packing for use in a scrubbing column for material and / or energy exchange, comprising a device for dispensing a liquid to be scrubbed according to claims 3 to 19, traversing above said packing. In a reaction packing comprising an ordered three-dimensional lattice structure with a number of liquid feed points (18) evenly distributed over the surface, said three-dimensional lattice being composed of linear liquid guide elements, Reactive packing, characterized in that the liquid feed points (18) are located at the intersections of the envisaged polygonal rasters, in particular triangular rasters, quadrangular rasters or hexagonal rasters. 21. Strands (30, 40), both of which are linear liquid guide elements, extending vertically through the washing tower and consisting of wires or filaments.
And these strands are bundled at even intervals and the binding points (3
2) is spread and divided into partial strands (34, 42), and the expanded and divided partial strands (34, 42) are adjacent to each other (
21. Reactive packing according to claim 20, characterized in that it is in contact with the corresponding partial strands (34, 42) of 30, 40). 22. The partial strands (34, 42) of adjacent strands (30, 40) which are in contact with each other are connected to one another at contact points (36). Reaction packing described in. 23. At the binding points (32) of the strands (34, 42), the partial strands are connected to each other by parallel mounting or are held by binding aids (38). 23. The reaction packing according to claim 21 or 22. 24. Reactive packing according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that at the binding points of the strands (40) the partial strands (42) are twisted together. 25. Each partial strand (44) of a strand (40)
Is guided further from the bundling point to the bundling point at the center, without lateral deflection.
The reaction packing according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein: 26. The binding points (32) of the strands (30, 40) are each located at the intersection of a plane of the assumed polygonal raster. 25. The reaction packing according to any one of 25. 27. The contact point (36) is a plane between the partial strands (34) of adjacent strands (30), between the horizontal planes of the raster, and in plan view, the plane of the raster. Is located at the center point of the, or is located at the intersection of the assumed raster, which is at a position displaced from the raster of the binding point (32),
A reaction packing according to any one of claims 21 to 26. 28. A strand has 4 or 5 sub-strands, the four sub-strands diverging from one another at an angle of 90 ° in the projection view, respectively, and in some cases diverging from the bifurcation. 28. Reactive packing according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the fifth partial strand is additionally guided centrally. 29. A strand (30, 40) has 6 or 7 sub-strands, the six sub-strands (34, 42) being 60 ° each in a perspective view.
27, 2 and 3 further diverging from the bifurcation with respect to each other at an angle of, and in some cases the seventh partial strand (44) is further guided centrally.
Reaction packing according to 7. 30. Partial strands (42) of adjacent strands (40)
The unrolled partial strands (42) that are in contact with have an extension that is different from the extension that extends between the binding point and the contact point, especially in a spiral or curved shape. 30. Reactive packing according to any one of claims 21 to 29, characterized in that it extends. 31. Reactive packing according to any one of claims 20 to 30, characterized in that the size of the grid is different for each step over the height of the packing. 32. The binding point (32) on the uppermost surface of the raster is a feed point (
18) The reaction packing according to any one of claims 21 to 31. 33. A distribution adapter (6) comprising the device according to any one of claims 3 to 18 and a reaction packing (according to any one of claims 20 to 32).
8) with a built-in unit for a washing tower, the lower end (24) of the liquid guide element (20) of the adapter (6) being
The strands (30, 40) of the liquid guide element of the reaction packing (8)
) Is connected to the embedded unit. 34. The strands (30) of the reaction packing are integrally formed with the lower end (24) of the liquid guide element (20) of the adapter (6) and are continuous with the adapter. Forming the assembly of (6),
An embedded unit according to claim 33, characterized in that: 35. Below the reaction packing (8) is a collection adapter (5).
And the structure of this collecting adapter is upside down.
) Corresponding to the built-in unit according to claim 33 or 34. 36. The strands (30) of the reaction packing (8) are
36. Embedded unit according to claim 35, characterized in that it is further guided from a lower tie point in the form of a collecting adapter (5). 37. Space holders are provided and / or attachable between the binding points of the reaction packing (8), in particular between the top surface of the raster and the bottom surface of the raster. An embedded unit according to any one of claims 33 to 36, characterized in that. 38. A plurality of deflecting surfaces (56) facing downward and inward are provided on the inner wall of the jacket of the column or around the reaction packing (8). 38. Incorporating unit according to any one of claims 33 to 37, characterized in that an outflow edge extends into the reaction packing (8). 39. At least two upper and lower reaction packings, which are connected to the upper reaction packing by a collecting adapter (5) and to the lower reaction packing by a distribution adapter (6). 39. Embedded unit according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that it is provided. 40. The wires or filaments of the linear liquid guide element (20) and the strands (30) of the liquid guide element are designed to be electrically conductive, thermally conductive and / or catalytically active. 40. Embedded unit according to any one of claims 33 to 39, characterized in. 41. The liquid guide element (20) and the strands of the liquid guide element are made of metallic or non-metallic material, in particular plastic, glass fiber or carbon fiber, according to claim 33-40. The embedded unit according to any one of 1. 42. The individual and parallel wires and filaments of the linear liquid guide element (20) are monofilled or multifilled and consist of spun fibers (filaments). 42. Incorporation according to any one of claims 33 to 41, characterized in that it is formed in a twisted or unrolled state or has a certain structure, which comprises a mesh chain. unit. 43. A liquid dispensing adapter having the features of claims 3, 9 and 14-19.