JP2003327299A - Contamination detecting method, contamination detecting device, contamination detecting system, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a contamination detecting method, a contamination detecting device, a contamination detecting system, and a program which are efficient and have a high certainty. <P>SOLUTION: Delivery addressee information and shipping out information which identify a delivery addressee of a cargo are obtained from a shipping out company of the cargo. Delivery information which indicates that the cargo has been delivered to the delivery addressee is obtained from the delivery addressee, and the existence/absence of delivery addressees for which delivery time intervals are longer than specified time intervals obtained by the delivery information is judged by those information. When it is judged that such a delivery addressee exists, a marker concentration in the cargo is analyzed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technology for detecting cargo pollution. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technology for detecting contamination of a cargo distributed to a plurality of delivery destinations as represented by light oil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When distributing diesel oil for diesel engines to a plurality of delivery destinations by tank trucks, for example, there is a crime in which heavy fuel oil with a low tax rate is mixed to increase the amount and illegal profit is raised.

[0003] Such an act is a tax evasion act and also supplies light oil of poor quality to the delivery destination and the final consumer. Further, it is considered that the output of the engine is reduced and the deterioration of the engine and the like are promoted together with the promotion of air pollution due to the exhaust gas of the diesel vehicle.

FIG. 1 shows a model thereof.

In FIG. 1, when the heavy oil A 2 is illegally mixed with the light oil 1, the amount of contaminated light oil 3 which can be sold as light oil increases by that amount. As a result, for example, in Tokyo, fraud increases by as much as 10%. This amounts to over 10 billion yen in evasion of the light oil transaction tax. As a result, the final consumer is forced to use a defective product, which promotes air pollution, reduces the output of the engine, and deteriorates the engine and the like.

Further, in addition to the method of mixing A heavy oil as described above, the number of cases in which contaminated light oil is mixed or sold as it is is increasing dramatically. In these cases, it is difficult to distinguish the change in the petroleum component ratio.

Therefore, in the case of Tokyo, for example, the number of employees for detecting and preventing such fraud reaches as many as 100.

On the other hand, as a marker for petroleum products such as gasoline, substances containing hydrocarbon compounds described in US Pat. No. 5,906,662 or deuterium described in US Pat. There is a technique to detect the occurrence of contamination from the change in the concentration by adding.

In the present invention, "contamination" means
This means a state in which such "mixing with another type of material" has occurred, and is not necessarily limited to the "state in which contamination has occurred". For example, a case where light oil is mixed with a more valuable one, or a case where a high-purity substance is mixed with a low-purity substance belongs to the category of "contamination" referred to in the present invention.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an efficient and highly reliable contamination detection method, contamination detection device, contamination detection system, and program.

Still another object and advantage of the present invention are:
It will be apparent from the following description.

[0012]

According to one aspect of the present invention, in a method for detecting contamination of a cargo distributed to a plurality of delivery destinations, shipping information indicating delivery destination information for identifying the delivery destination of the cargo from the shipping source and shipping contents. From the step (1) of obtaining information and the step (2) of obtaining delivery information indicating that the cargo has been delivered to the delivery destination, the delivery destination information, the shipping information, and the delivery information, And a step (3) of determining the presence or absence of a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval.

In this case, the freight pollution detecting device, the freight source, and the freight destination are connected through communication means,
When the contamination detection device executes the steps (1) to (3), efficient and highly reliable contamination detection can be quickly realized.

As a result of examination, it has been found that grasping abnormal fluctuations in the delivery time interval between each delivery destination and the next delivery destination is effective as an efficient and reliable contamination detection method. . In the present invention, the delivery time interval between each delivery destination and the next delivery destination is simply referred to as "delivery time interval".
Also called. The “delivery time interval” also includes the delivery time interval between the shipping source and the first delivery destination.

This change in the delivery time interval is due to traffic congestion,
Varies depending on changes in delivery sequence, changes in delivery route, loading / unloading time of delivery cargo at the delivery destination, driver's skill, driver's break time, meal time, etc.

However, even if they are tolerated as errors in the abnormality detection, if the intentional contamination is likely to occur like light oil, it is an efficient contamination detection method to grasp the abnormal fluctuation of the delivery time interval of the cargo. And certainty,
Further, it has been found that the factors such as the above fluctuations can be statistically excluded if the past information is accumulated, so that the efficiency and certainty thereof can be further increased.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in a freight pollution detecting device to be distributed to a plurality of delivery destinations, the freight contamination detecting device, the freight source and the delivery destination are connected via a communication means. Therefore, the pollution detection device obtains the delivery destination information for identifying the delivery destination of the cargo and the shipping information indicating the shipping content from the shipping source (1), and confirms that the cargo has been delivered to the delivery destination. From the step (2) of acquiring the delivery information shown, and the delivery destination information, the shipping information, and the delivery information, it is determined whether or not there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval. And a freight pollution detecting device for executing the step (3).

By having such a contamination detection device, it is possible to detect contamination quickly, efficiently and reliably.

In the above method and apparatus, if the predetermined time interval is obtained by statistical processing of past delivery time intervals, the abnormality can be detected more efficiently.

Further, at least a part of the delivery information is
It is preferable to acquire the identification tag attached to the delivery vehicle, for example, by reading it at the delivery destination. It is preferable that the identification tag is at least one of a barcode and an ID tag.

This is because it becomes easy to obtain the delivery information, the labor required to obtain the delivery information can be reduced, and it becomes difficult to tamper with the delivery information and to make a counterfeit product by a malicious intention of a third party.

Further, in the present invention, by using a marker together, the contamination detection can be made more efficient and reliable.

That is, the cargo includes a marker, and a step (4) of measuring the marker concentration and a step (5) of determining that the cargo is contaminated if the marker concentration is less than a predetermined value are included. And a pollution detection device for carrying out such a method.

The above steps are preferably executed when it is determined that there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval. This is because the suspicious delivery destination can be narrowed down from the delivery information and the marker concentration can be efficiently analyzed.

Further, it is preferable that the marker can be detected by at least one of the group consisting of chemical analysis, mass analysis, optical analysis and a combination thereof. This is because it enables efficient and highly reliable analysis.

As such an analysis method, each component of the cargo is separated by a chemical means such as a gas chromatograph or a liquid chromatograph, and each component is analyzed by an optical analysis means such as an absorbance or a refractive index measurement or a mass analysis. A method of analyzing the type and proportion of each component in the cargo by detecting is common and preferable.

As another method, a method for investigating the concentration of each stable isotope element in a cargo by a stable isotope measuring device and a method of combining this with a gas chromatograph or a liquid chromatograph to obtain each stable isotope of each component in the cargo A method for detecting body elements can be mentioned.

Especially when a large number of similar hydrocarbon compounds are contained, such as in the case of light oil, it is possible to analyze not only the marker but also the cargo and contaminants, so that the gas chromatograph-mass Analysis is preferred.

Further, it is preferable that the marker contains a compound containing a non-radioactive isotope in an abundance ratio different from the abundance ratio in nature. This is because analysis can be performed relatively easily by mass spectrometry or the like. In particular, it is often preferable that the non-radioactive isotope is at least one of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen elements.

For example, deuterium can be given as an isotope of hydrogen. The abundance ratio of hydrogen and deuterium in the natural world is 99.985% to 0.0148%, and the ratio of deuterium is extremely small, while deuterium with high purity is relatively easy to obtain. Also, the above analysis is often easy.

In the present invention, the "cargo" may be a gas, a solid or a liquid, but the cargo is preferably light oil. This is because the effect of solving the problems such as tax evasion, poor quality, air pollution, engine output reduction, and engine deterioration as described above is great.

If an alarm is issued in steps (4) and / or (5), it is possible to objectively judge the abnormality without being restricted by the subjectivity.

Still another aspect of the present invention is a shipping information management apparatus for transmitting delivery destination information for identifying a delivery destination of a cargo from the shipping source and shipping information indicating shipping contents, and the cargo is delivered to the delivery destination. Delivery information management device for transmitting delivery information indicating that the information has been sent, the contamination detection device described above, an alarm device for issuing an alarm if necessary, the shipping information management device, the delivery information management device, and the contamination detection It is a program for executing the method described above by a freight pollution detection system including a device and a communication means for exchanging information between the alarm device and the alarm device when necessary, and a computer. .

By using these systems and programs, it is possible to realize a fast, efficient, and reliable contamination detection technique that saves manpower.

Then, by carrying out the present invention,
It becomes easier to narrow down the location of pollution, improve the reliability of the quality of cargo, prevent air pollution, prevent problems such as engine output reduction, engine deterioration, etc. for pollution detection and illegal detection It is possible to realize various effects such as reduction of labor and cost, prevention of illegal tax evasion, etc.

Further features of the present invention will be clarified in the embodiments of the invention and the drawings described below.

[0037]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that these drawings and the like and the description only illustrate the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. It goes without saying that other embodiments may belong to the scope of the present invention as long as they match the gist of the present invention.

In the figure, the same parts, including the conventional one, are designated by the same reference numerals. However, depending on the context, the light oil 1 may include the contaminated light oil 3.

When a technique of adding a marker as a marker to petroleum products such as gasoline and detecting the occurrence of contamination from the change in concentration is used, it is possible to surely detect the presence or absence of contamination by conducting an analysis. Becomes

However, in order to identify the place where the contamination has occurred, it is necessary to obtain and analyze samples at many places, which is a great labor.

Needless to say, the sample is not exhaustively obtained for all of the target delivery destinations, but the sample is intensively obtained and analyzed for the delivery destinations corresponding to the latter half of the delivery order. There are ways to do this, but it cannot be denied that it still requires time and effort.

If a malicious person intervenes, the sample may be replaced. Then, to prevent the replacement, there arises a problem that a complicated sampling technique, a complicated sampling procedure, etc. have to be introduced.

On the other hand, depending on the mode of the present invention,
Even if such a marker is not adopted, efficient and reliable contamination detection can be performed, and if a marker is used together, more efficient and reliable contamination detection can be performed.

In FIG. 2, a tank truck 5 carrying a light oil 1 at a light oil shipping source 4 has a plurality of delivery destinations 6 to 11.
Shows how to sequentially distribute in this order.

Specific examples of such delivery destinations include a gas station for an unspecified customer, a gas station or a gas center for a specific customer, and a relay station for subdivision. However, the delivery destination according to the present invention is not limited to such a delivery destination, and may be any delivery destination to which the cargo is distributed, and various forms are conceivable depending on the type of the cargo. In addition, not all delivery destinations are necessarily delivery destinations in the present invention, and some of them may be delivered.

In the present invention, when the cargo is distributed to a plurality of delivery destinations, the order of the distribution does not necessarily have to be constant, and the delivery destinations may change with each distribution.

However, if the order of distribution is constant, it is often advantageous because it becomes easy to clearly determine from which delivery destination the contamination occurs. However, even in this case, this order does not necessarily have to be fixed, and even if it changes from time to time, it is often sufficient if it has a certain degree of regularity. Specifically, it is often sufficient that the principle of distribution order is established.

In such a case, a step (1) of obtaining the delivery destination information and the delivery information about the delivery destinations 6 to 11 of the diesel fuel 1 from the shipping source 4, and the diesel fuel 1 to the delivery destinations 6 to 11. The delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information based on the step (2) of obtaining delivery information indicating that the delivery has been delivered to 11, and the delivery destination information, the shipping information, and the delivery information is less than the predetermined time interval. When it is carried out in combination with the step (3) of determining the presence or absence of a long delivery destination, efficient and reliable detection of contamination can be realized.

In this case, the delivery destination information can be the name of the delivery destination. However, as long as it can identify one delivery destination from another delivery destination, it may be any number such as a simple number or a geographical position. Further, unless it goes against the gist of the invention of the present application, the monthly average sales amount,
It is possible to include any information that is useful for the present invention, such as the temporal variation information.

In the case of FIG. 2, the delivery destination numbers 6 to 11 are set as the delivery destination information.

The shipping information includes shipping time and shipping time of the cargo. Including the shipping amount in the shipping information is useful because it makes it easy to make quantitative judgments about shipping, but when using tank trucks like light oil, the shipping amount is generally constant, so the quantity information is In many cases, it is unnecessary, and in order to make a quantitative decision, information about the delivery amount at each delivery destination is often necessary,
For this reason, it is conceivable that the processing of information becomes complicated, and there is a possibility that defects such as increased risk of information leakage to the outside may occur. Therefore, whether to include quantitative information should be decided according to the actual situation.

Furthermore, when distributing a plurality of cargoes,
Information may also be included that indicates which of the multiple shipments were shipped. Further, any other information may be included as long as it does not violate the gist of the present invention.

In the case of FIG. 2, the shipping date and shipping time of the light oil 1 are set as shipping information.

The delivery information may include delivery time and delivery time at the delivery destination. The delivery time information is useful for frequent distribution, and the delivery time information is useful for relatively long delivery time intervals such as days.

In the present invention, such delivery time and delivery time are collectively referred to as delivery time.

In addition to this, it is possible to include information such as the delivery amount and the required traveling distance. Further, any other information may be included as long as it does not violate the gist of the present invention.

The delivery destination information, the shipping information, and the delivery information are preferably grasped specifically for each delivery vehicle. This is because the pollution referred to in the present invention is performed on the cargo loaded in the delivery vehicle. The delivery vehicle can be identified by the vehicle code number or the like.

In the case of FIG. 2, it is assumed that the delivery of the diesel fuel 1 at each of the delivery destinations 6 to 11 is made several days later, and the delivery time of the diesel fuel 1 at each of the delivery destinations 6 to 11 and the delivery vehicle number. Shall be set as delivery information.

The delivery time interval means the time required between one delivery destination and the next delivery destination, which is the time between the delivery of one delivery destination and the delivery of the next delivery destination. It can be calculated as the difference.

In the meaning of "delivery time interval",
The question is when "at the time of delivery" means between the time of arrival at the destination and the time of departure from the destination, which can be anything as long as it is clearly defined. good. In some cases, as described below, when passing through a specific reading facility location before or after delivery,
It is also possible to substitute at the time of passing.

However, from the meaning of excluding other factors,
It goes without saying that the difference between the time when one destination is delivered and the time when the next destination is reached is preferable. That is, it is preferable that the “at the time of delivery” for a certain delivery destination is the time of departure from the delivery destination, and the “at the delivery time” of the next delivery destination is the time at which the delivery destination is reached.

When the term "at the time of delivery" is used in the present invention, the specific time point may differ depending on the situation.

As described above, the order of delivery may not always be fixed. Therefore, the above-mentioned mutual relationship between one delivery destination and the next delivery destination may not be constant.

For example, when the delivery destination 7 comes after the delivery destination 6, the delivery time between the delivery destination 6 and the delivery destination 7 is the delivery destination 7 minus the delivery destination 6 delivery time. It becomes a time interval.

On the other hand, the delivery destination 8 may come after the delivery destination 6 without the delivery destination 7. In this case, the delivery destination 8 is the delivery destination 8 minus the delivery destination 6 delivery time. This is the delivery time interval between 6 and the delivery destination 8.

In such a case, for example, the presence / absence of a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval is determined from the delivery destination information, the shipping information and the delivery information in the following manner. be able to.

(A) From the delivery information, the delivery time interval between the delivery destination and the next delivery destination is obtained for each delivery destination 6-11.

(B) For each combination of delivery destinations, a graph is created with the delivery date on the horizontal axis and the delivery time interval between that delivery destination and the next delivery destination on the vertical axis.

(C) Obtain the average value and σ value of the delivery time intervals.

(D) A certain delivery time interval is, for example, 3σ
When it is out of the range and is long, it is determined that an abnormality is detected, that is, a delivery destination whose delivery time interval is longer than a predetermined time interval is detected.

In this case, the delivery destination information and the shipping information are used as the identification of the delivery destination and the shipping time information.

This state is shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the delivery date and the delivery time interval between the delivery destination 9 and the delivery destination 10 in FIG.

In FIG. 3, the point 12 is above the 3σ value line 14 and is determined to be abnormal. On the other hand, the point cloud 13 has a 2σ value line 15
Since the points above are continued twice or more, it is determined to be abnormal.

Then, from the delivery information, it is possible to find the delivery vehicle involved in the abnormality.

Point 12 is a point that the time required to move from the delivery destination 9 to the delivery destination 10 is statistically abnormally long, which means that the delivery vehicle has deviated somewhere along the way.
This is the case where there is a possibility of illegal mixing as shown in.

Even if the point group 13 is not as abnormal as the point 12, if it continues, it is judged as abnormal.

Considering that there are large variations due to traffic conditions, the latter is often more useful.

Note that the above conditions of 2σ, 3σ and the point continuing twice or more corresponding to the “predetermined time interval” are merely examples, and can be arbitrarily determined according to the actual situation.

Further, although the case where the statistical method is used has been described above, the method of determining the presence or absence of the delivery destination whose delivery time interval is longer than the predetermined time interval is not limited to this. It is possible to apply any known method as long as it matches the gist of the present invention, and how to determine the predetermined time interval and what determination method is appropriate are specific situations. On the other hand, it can be determined by trial and error or experiment. It can be determined mechanically by the pollution detection device or by a person.

Further, the accuracy of the abnormality detection can be improved by comparing the past information, the information such as the delivery amount and the required traveling distance, and the variation of the delivery time interval between other delivery destinations. Is.

In the example of FIG. 2, the pollution detecting device 16 uses the network 17 which is an example of the communication means, and
From the delivery destination information and the shipping information of the light oil 1 and the delivery information from each of the delivery destinations 6 to 11, from the delivery destination information, the shipping information and the delivery information, according to the above (a) to (d),
Whether or not there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval is determined.

As such a pollution detecting device 16, any device can be used as long as it can perform the above functions. For example, a storage device 18 for storing information and a personal computer 19 for arithmetic functions.
The display device 20 can be a component.

In this way, past information is stored in the storage device 18, timely information is taken out and calculated, a graph as shown in FIG. 3 is displayed on the display device 20, and a voice alarm or the like is displayed. Is also possible.

When the above method or equipment is used, the feature that an abnormality can be detected with the minimum information is obtained.

For example, it is possible to detect an abnormality with considerable accuracy without using a special marker.

The information used as the delivery destination information is
Only the identification number of the delivery destination, the information used as the shipping information, and the shipping date and the shipping time can be used, and the information used as the delivery information can be used only at the time of delivery. In this way, the amount of information to be handled is small, and it becomes easy to prevent information tampering by a third party. Furthermore, the damage is small if the information is stolen. Further, for example, it becomes less necessary to include information that the delivery destination does not want to leak as sales information. That is, it becomes easy to obtain information and execute the method of the present invention, and it is possible to easily maintain high reliability of information.

As a specific example, if the delivery amount is included in the delivery information, an abnormal delivery time interval may be detected more accurately, but detailed information on the delivery amount should be provided. There may be a delivery destination that refuses.
Further, there is a possibility that a third party may steal or tamper with the delivery amount information. Utilizing simple information as described above also provides the benefit of avoiding these problems.

However, in spite of the above benefits, it goes without saying that other information can be included in the above information unless it goes against the gist of the present invention. The information to be included can be determined according to the specific situation.

In the above, at least a part of the delivery information can be acquired by reading the identification tag attached to the delivery vehicle at the delivery destination, for example.

As the identification tag, any publicly known one can be used as long as it does not violate the gist of the present invention, but at least one of a bar code and an ID tag is used. Is useful.

The use of such an identification tag makes it possible to obtain necessary information as electrical information without taking time and effort. The ID tag is, for example, a device that enables identification of a person carrying the card at a predetermined place without presenting a card or the like, and is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-188889. 23333
No. 7 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-144647.

The use of such an identification tag makes it easier to prevent tampering, counterfeiting, and the like by a third party, and enhances the reliability of the present invention.

When the ink for optically reading is used for such an identification tag, it is necessary to know its existence by ordinary visual observation as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,981,283. However, it is also possible to use a bar code using a pigment or dye having a specific light emitting property. Such an ink is difficult for a third party to recognize, and is difficult to obtain and synthesize, so that the risk of tampering, faking, etc. can be reduced.

Such an identification tag can be used as a barcode or an I tag.
As in the case of the D tag, the delivery information can be obtained by attaching it to the tank truck and reading and identifying it with a reading device, or by placing it at the delivery destination and reading and identifying it with the reading device. , It is possible to make delivery information available, but if you attach it to the tank truck that is the delivery vehicle, you can surely get the information about which delivery vehicle the delivery information is related to. , Is often more preferable.

In the above case, the reading device may be anywhere as long as it does not violate the gist of the present invention, but in the former case, the reading device at a specific delivery destination is used, and in the latter case. In particular, it is preferable that the reading device attached to the tank lorry can be used to reliably obtain the information regarding which delivery vehicle and which delivery destination the delivery information relates to.

The information via the reading device in this case is transmitted to the delivery information management device. It should be noted that in this example, the delivery information is obtained at the delivery destination, but it is not an essential requirement to obtain it at the delivery destination, and it passes through a place with a specific reading facility before or after delivery, which is contrary to the spirit of the present invention. As long as it doesn't, it is possible to adopt any other method.

In the above example, when the light oil 1 contains the marker, the above step (4) of measuring the marker concentration at a predetermined delivery destination when an abnormality is detected.
Can be executed.

Then, if the marker concentration is equal to or lower than the predetermined value, it is determined that the cargo is contaminated in the above step (5).
It is possible to specifically detect that other substances are mixed by executing the above.

As described above, if the procedure is determined so as to measure the marker concentration at the predetermined delivery destination in the predetermined case, the contamination detecting device gives an instruction to execute the above step (4) and performs the measurement. It is possible to receive the result and perform step (5) above.

The "predetermined case" is not limited to the case where it is determined that there is an abnormally long time interval as described above, and, for example, the analysis of the marker concentration for a specific delivery destination is performed at a constant frequency. There is also a method of narrowing down the place where contamination has occurred based on two pieces of information, that is, the abnormality in the delivery time interval and the abnormality in the marker concentration, which belongs to the category of the present invention. In this way, the predetermined case can be arbitrarily set according to the specific situation as long as it is decided in advance.

Contamination with other substances, usually by malicious intent, takes place at considerable concentration levels. Also, it is often sufficient to know where it was diluted. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the marker density does not need to be so high. Rather, it is desirable that it can be clearly identified by a simple method.

In the case where mixing of other substances occurs during loading on the delivery vehicle, such as in the tank of a tank truck,
It is usually preferable to obtain the sample at the destination later in the distribution, because the marker concentration will be reduced at all the destinations after that, but how to sample depending on the specific circumstances You can decide

The sampling destination can be set in advance under a predetermined condition. Further, the specific place of sampling can be arbitrarily set according to the conditions such as inside the tank truck, pipes for delivering the tank truck, inside the tank at each delivery destination.

As a marker, chemical analysis, mass spectrometry, near infrared light, infrared light, dye,
When the pigment is used as a marker, it is preferably detectable by at least one of the group consisting of optical analysis such as visible light, spectroscopic analysis of ultraviolet light or the like, emission analysis of fluorescent phosphorescence or the like, and a combination thereof. . In the case of gas chromatography, fluorescence analysis, etc., it is possible to use a small-sized analyzer that can be carried with one hand, and there is a case that there is an advantage that analysis can be performed immediately at the sampling site.

However, those which do not decompose or undergo modification such as polymerization and condensation, or which hardly occur, those which can be uniformly dissolved or dispersed in the cargo, those which do not exist as impurities in the cargo, and the quality of the cargo are not deteriorated. It is also preferable as an attribute of the marker that the thing or its degree is slight, the thing without or little air pollution, the thing which is not easily available, and the thing which cannot be easily detected.

Those which do not decompose or undergo modification such as polymerization and condensation, or which do not easily occur, those which can be uniformly dissolved or dispersed in the cargo, those which do not exist as impurities in the cargo, those which do not deteriorate the quality of the cargo, or It is clear from the object of the present invention that the degree is slight, that there is no air pollution, or that there is little air pollution.

This is because if the product is not easily available, the risk of addition by a third party is reduced. For example, it is preferable that the substance is a substance that can be produced only by a specific method, or that the substance is not a single substance but a mixture. As a specific example, a mixture of a plurality of types of compounds having some functional groups such as OH groups at specific structural positions can be mentioned. By controlling the position, number, type and combination of functional groups in the molecule, a marker that is difficult to copy can be obtained.

[0108] Even if it is easily available, its addition is difficult if the detection is delicate and cannot be easily detected, the device is expensive and cannot be easily used, or the analysis technique is complicated and cannot be easily performed. This is because it becomes easy to prevent the addition by a third party if the information that it is said is not available. Moreover, in such cases,
There is also an advantage that it becomes easy to limit the fact of marker addition to only a limited number of parties.

Further, when the cargo is a liquid such as light oil, a marker having a higher boiling point than the cargo is often advantageous. If this is not the case, the concentration will increase with time and the accuracy of abnormality detection may decrease.

The marker is preferably one that enables rapid analysis if possible, and that is stable with time and heat. For example, a temperature that is tens of degrees Celsius and does not change for weeks is a desirable marker.

It is desirable that the concentration of the marker itself is as low as possible in consideration of economical efficiency and quality of cargo. For example, it is believed that concentrations on the order of ppb to ppt are possible.

As such a marker, a compound that does not normally exist in the target cargo and does not deteriorate the quality of the cargo can be mentioned.

For example, a hydrocarbon compound having an alicyclic structure having 7 or more members described in US Pat. No. 5,906,662 can be exemplified.

It is also preferable that the marker contains a compound containing a non-radioactive isotope in an abundance ratio different from the abundance ratio in nature. This is because if it is different from the abundance ratio in the natural world, it can be relatively easily analyzed by a stable isotope analyzer by subtracting that amount. In particular, it is often preferable that the non-radioactive isotope is at least one of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen elements.

For example, deuterium can be given as an isotope of hydrogen. The abundance ratio of hydrogen and deuterium in nature is 99.985% to 0.0148%, and the deuterium ratio is extremely small, while deuterium with high purity is relatively easily available. Is preferred as

Examples of substances containing deuterium or the like as constituent elements are described in US Pat. No. 5,981,283.

When such a substance is used, for example, in gas chromatographic analysis of a sample, as shown in FIG. 5, gas chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometry are performed even if it is completely unknown where the marker exists. By combining them, as shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to obtain a chart narrowing down to only the target marker, and it is possible to perform highly accurate concentration analysis.

If a marker satisfying the above conditions is selected, it may be possible to include the marker in the cargo without the presence of the marker being known to a third party. The benefit is that pollution control measures can be taken.

When an isotope having a specific abundance ratio is used, it is possible to distinguish and analyze even if it is regarded as the same substance as the substance existing in the cargo such as impurities in the usual analysis. There is an advantage.

Although the case where the cargo is light oil has been described, the present invention can be applied to other solids, gases, and liquids.

Examples of the liquid include petroleum products such as gasoline and heavy oil and high-purity products in addition to light oil.

In the present invention, the above step (4)
And / or an alarm can be raised at (5).

In this case, for example, when an abnormality is detected under a predetermined condition, the pollution detecting device 16 issues a voice alarm by a computer program, automatically selects a predetermined delivery destination, and automatically detects the marker concentration. If the information of the analysis instruction is displayed on the display device, it is possible to quickly detect the contamination with a small number of people.

The object of the invention of the present application can be realized by the pollution detecting device which executes the steps (1) to (5).

Further, the pollution detecting device, the shipping information management device for transmitting the delivery destination information for identifying the delivery destination of the cargo from the shipping source, and the shipping information indicating the shipping contents, and the delivery of the cargo to the delivery destination. Delivery information management device for transmitting delivery information indicating, an alarm device for issuing an alarm if necessary, the shipment information management device, the delivery information management device, the contamination detection device, and the alarm device if necessary. It may be implemented using a cargo pollution detection system comprising communication means for exchanging information with and.

As shown in FIG. 2, this system includes a pollution detection device 16, a shipping information management device 21 including a personal computer for transmitting delivery information and shipping information of a cargo from a shipping source, and the cargo concerned. A delivery information management device 22 for transmitting, for example, a personal computer, which transmits delivery information indicating delivery to a delivery destination, and an alarm device for issuing an alarm, if necessary, may be connected by a network 17. it can. In FIG. 2, the personal computer 19 also serves as this alarm device.

In this way, the shipping information and the delivery destination information input to the shipping information management device 21 at the shipping source 4 are transmitted to the pollution detection device 16 via the network 17, and the bar code 23 attached to the tank truck 5 is sent. The delivery information management device 2 by reading the
The delivery information input in 2 will be transmitted to the pollution detection device 16 via the network 17.

In FIG. 2, the bar code 23 and the reading device 24 are drawn large for easy understanding.

It goes without saying that, in the above, the shipping information management device and the delivery information management device may include elements other than the personal computer. For example, a storage device, a display device, and the above-mentioned reading means 24 can be included.

Further, unlike the above, it is also within the scope of the present invention that the pollution detecting device does not directly acquire the information corresponding to the delivery destination information or the shipping information from the shipping information management device but as the delivery information. Belong to. That is, the case where the information corresponding to the delivery destination information or the shipping information is explicitly acquired as other information such as the delivery information also belongs to the category of the present invention.

For example, the contamination detection device does not directly acquire the delivery destination identification number, which is the delivery destination information, and the shipping date and the shipping time, which are the shipping information, from the shipping information management device, and the delivery information management device does not directly obtain the shipping date and shipping time. This is a case where it is acquired together with the delivery destination information.

FIG. 4 is a model-like flow chart showing the state of an example of contamination detection using the above system.

In FIG. 4, first, the light oil 1 is loaded on the tank truck 5 and shipped in accordance with step S1.

Then, the shipping information management device 21 transmits the shipping information and the delivery destination information to the pollution detecting device 16 via the network 17 in accordance with step S2.

Then, in accordance with step S3, every time the tank truck 5 delivers the light oil 1 to each delivery destination, the vehicle number of the tank truck is read from the bar code 23 attached to the tank truck 5 by the reading device 24 at each delivery destination and delivered. The delivery information including the vehicle number of the tank truck and the delivery time is input to the information management device 22 and is sent to the network 17.
To the pollution detection device 16 via.

Then, according to step S4, the pollution detection device 16 generates, for example, the graph of FIG. 3 together with the past data based on the received information.

In a normal case, that is, when the contamination detecting device 16 does not detect the abnormality that there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval is longer than the predetermined time interval according to step S5 (N), a series of flow is performed. Ends, and the above S2 to S5 are repeated for the new delivery destination. And
Based on this accumulated data, the average value and σ value can be calculated.

According to step S5, if the pollution detecting device 16 detects an abnormality that there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval is longer than the predetermined time interval (Y), the pollution detecting device 16 follows the step S6. A predetermined computer program causes the display device 20 to display instruction information that causes the marker concentration to be measured at a predetermined location.

Concretely, the contamination detection device 16 is the delivery destination 9
Since the information that the 3σ value is out of range was detected,
It is assumed that the marker concentration information in the tank in 11 is requested and the marker concentration is measured.

Then, according to step S7, the contamination detection device 16 compares the input marker concentration at each delivery destination with the marker concentration information at the time of shipment, or compares this with the delivery time interval between other delivery destinations. Information and the like are added for comparison, and it is determined whether or not contamination has occurred according to step S8.

In order to execute the method of the present invention in such a system, a program for executing the above method by a computer can be used.

By using such a program, it is easy to change the conditions according to the actual situation. Also,
It can be easily applied to other types of cargo with only minor changes.

Although the communication means is preferably a network, it does not necessarily have to spread like a network like a network, and any method such as a wireless method or a wired method may be used as long as it does not violate the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to use one.

Although it is possible to use the Internet for the network, in order to prevent the intrusion of a third party and the leakage of important information to the outside, for example, like a regional information network, It is desirable that it is separated from other networks and that information is encrypted.

In particular, in the case of light oil, in Japan, since distribution from a certain light oil source (shipping origin) is limited to the same prefecture, it may be a regional information network separated from other prefectures. desirable.

Further, in the above, the contamination detecting device 16 executes the step S5, but a method of leaving this portion to the judgment by a person and inputting Y or N to the contamination detecting device 16 also belongs to the category of the present invention.

Here, using FIG. 2, an example of an illegal dilution is as follows.

It is assumed that 12,000 L of light oil is distributed from the shipping source to the delivery destinations 6 to 11 by 2,000 L each.

However, it is assumed that the driver of the tank truck 5 mixes 4,000 L of A heavy oil after the delivery destination 9.

In this case, 2,000 L each is delivered to delivery destinations X and Y, which are not included in the delivery destinations 6 to 11, and then 2,000 L is delivered to delivery destinations 10 and 11, respectively. If you do not send the delivery information, you will not be exposed to the fact that gas oil is contaminated.

In this case, the delivery destinations X and Y are highly likely to be accomplices.

However, if such an action is performed, a considerable amount of time is required for illegal mixing and illegal sales to X and Y.

Therefore, such an action is
It is possible to detect that the delivery time interval between the delivery destination and the delivery destination 10 becomes abnormally long.

Delivery destinations X and Y are delivery destination 9 and delivery destination 1.
Even if the delivery is made after the normal delivery instead of between 0 and 0, the time required for illegal mixing can still be found as an abnormally long delivery time interval.

As described above, no matter what concealment work is done, it is possible to detect that the delivery time interval becomes abnormally long if illegal mixing is performed during the delivery. Is one of the features of the present invention.

In the above, the case where A heavy oil is mainly mixed with light oil has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, when there are various grades between light oil, expensive light oil is used. It is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to illegal contamination of cargo such as when diluting oil with cheap gas oil or generally diluting a high-purity substance with a low-purity substance.
It may also be applied to prevent contamination by mixing with other substances by accident or the like. These are also useful, for example, when it is desired to improve the reliability of quality assurance at the final consumer.

[0157]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION An efficient and highly reliable contamination detection method,
A pollution detecting device, a pollution detecting system, and a program can be provided. As a result, it becomes easier to narrow down the location of pollution, improve the reliability of the quality of cargo, prevent air pollution, prevent the output of the engine from deteriorating, and prevent the deterioration of the engine, etc. It is possible to reduce the number of labor and costs, and prevent illegal tax evasion.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a model view showing how heavy oil A is mixed with light oil.

FIG. 2 shows how light oil is sequentially distributed from a shipping source to a plurality of delivery destinations.

FIG. 3 shows a relationship between a delivery date and a delivery time interval at a delivery destination.

FIG. 4 is a model-like flow chart showing how contamination is detected.

FIG. 5 shows a chart of gas chromatographic analysis results of cargo.

FIG. 6 is a chart showing only the target markers in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 light oil 2 A heavy oil 3 contaminated gas oil 4 shipping origin 5 tank truck 6-11 Delivery destination 12 points 13 point cloud 14 3 σ value line 15 2 σ value line 16 Contamination detector 17 network 18 storage 19 personal computer 20 display 21 Shipping Information Management Device 22 Delivery information management device 23 barcode 24 Reader

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Yoichi Tachibana             Zeon, 1-2 1-2 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo             Information System Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazu Yamazaki             2-6-3 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 3             Ryosho Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor W. Dale Sport             United States 87544 New Mexico               Los Alamos Longview Drive             113 F-term (reference) 3E083 AA14 AB16                 5B072 BB00 CC24

Claims (25)

[Claims] 1. A method for detecting contamination of a cargo to be distributed to a plurality of delivery destinations, the method comprising: obtaining delivery destination information identifying a delivery destination of the cargo from the shipping source and shipping information indicating shipping contents. From the step (2) of obtaining the delivery information indicating that the cargo has been delivered to the delivery destination, and the delivery destination information, the shipping information, and the delivery information,
A method of detecting contamination of cargo, which comprises performing step (3) of determining whether or not there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval. 2. A contamination detection method for a cargo distributed to a plurality of delivery destinations, wherein a cargo contamination detection device, a shipment originator and a delivery destination of the cargo are connected via a communication means.
The pollution detection device obtains from the shipping source delivery destination information identifying the delivery destination of the cargo and shipping information indicating the shipping content, and (1) delivery indicating that the cargo has been delivered to the delivery destination. From the step (2) of obtaining information, the delivery destination information, the shipping information, and the delivery information,
A method of detecting contamination of cargo, which comprises performing step (3) of determining whether or not there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval. 3. The cargo contamination detection method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined time interval is obtained by statistical processing of past delivery time intervals. 4. The contamination of the cargo according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the delivery information is obtained by reading an identification tag attached to a delivery vehicle. Detection method. 5. The cargo contamination detection method according to claim 4, wherein the identification tag is at least one of a bar code and an ID tag. 6. The step (4) of measuring the marker concentration at the delivery destination, wherein the cargo contains a marker.
And a step (5) of determining that the cargo is contaminated if the marker concentration is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, and the cargo contamination detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: 7. The cargo according to claim 6, wherein step (4) is executed when it is determined that there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval. Contamination detection method. 8. The cargo according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the marker is detectable by at least one of the group consisting of chemical analysis, mass spectrometry, optical analysis and a combination thereof. Contamination detection method. 9. The cargo contamination detection according to claim 6, wherein the marker contains a compound containing a non-radioactive isotope in an abundance ratio different from the abundance ratio in nature. Method. 10. The non-radioactive isotope is carbon, hydrogen,
10. The method for detecting contamination of cargo according to claim 9, wherein the method is at least one of nitrogen, sulfur and halogen elements. 11. The cargo contamination detection method according to claim 1, wherein the cargo is light oil. 12. Steps (4) and / or (5)
The method for detecting contamination of cargo according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein an alarm is issued by. 13. A cargo pollution detection device to be distributed to a plurality of delivery destinations, wherein the cargo pollution detection device, the shipment originator and the delivery destination of the cargo are connected via communication means, and the pollution detection device is , A step (1) of obtaining delivery destination information for identifying the delivery destination of the cargo from the shipping source and shipping information indicating the shipping content, and a step of obtaining delivery information indicating that the cargo has been delivered to the delivery destination. From (2), the delivery destination information, the shipping information, and the delivery information,
A freight contamination detection device that executes a step (3) of determining whether or not there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from the delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval. 14. The freight contamination detection device according to claim 13, wherein the predetermined time interval is obtained by statistical processing of past delivery time intervals. 15. The cargo contamination detection device according to claim 13, wherein at least a part of the delivery information is acquired by reading an identification tag attached to the delivery vehicle. 16. The identification tag is a bar code or ID.
The cargo pollution detection device according to claim 15, wherein the pollution detection device is at least one of tags. 17. The step (4) of measuring the marker concentration at a delivery destination, wherein the cargo contains a marker.
And the step (5) of determining that the cargo is contaminated if the marker concentration is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the cargo contamination detection apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 16. 18. The cargo of claim 17, wherein step (4) can be executed when it is determined that there is a delivery destination whose delivery time interval obtained from said delivery information is longer than a predetermined time interval. Pollution detection device. 19. The marker is chemical analysis, mass spectrometry,
The cargo contamination detection device according to claim 17 or 18, which is detectable by at least one of the group consisting of optical analysis and a combination thereof. 20. The detection of contamination of cargo according to claim 17, wherein the marker contains a compound containing a non-radioactive isotope in an abundance ratio different from the abundance ratio in nature. apparatus. 21. The non-radioactive isotope is carbon, hydrogen,
The cargo pollution detection device according to claim 20, wherein the pollution detection device is at least one of nitrogen, sulfur, and a halogen element. 22. The pollution detection device according to claim 13, wherein the cargo is light oil. 23. Steps (4) and / or (5)
23. The cargo contamination detection device according to claim 17, wherein the alarm is issued by. 24. A shipping information management device for transmitting delivery destination information for identifying a delivery destination of a cargo from the shipping source and shipping information for indicating shipping contents, and delivery information for indicating that the cargo has been delivered to the delivery destination. A delivery information management device for transmission, a pollution detection device according to any one of claims 13 to 23, an alarm device for issuing an alarm if necessary, the shipping information management device, the delivery information management device, and the pollution detection device. , A cargo contamination detection system including communication means for exchanging information with the alarm device as necessary. 25. The computer according to any one of claims 2 to 12.
A program for executing the method described in any one of 1.