JP2003322986A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic device and electrophotographic unit equipped with the electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having stable electric characteristics even for repeated use and having excellent characteristics against PM (photomemory) with respect to the electrophotographic photoreceptor containing ethylene tetrafluoride resin as a lubricant in a charge transfer layer. <P>SOLUTION: In the electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a substrate, a charge generating layer on the substrate and a charge transfer layer on the charge generating layer, the charge generating layer contains oxytitanium phthalocyanine and the charge transfer layer contains ethylene tetrafluoride resin as a lubricant and a bispyrazolone compound expressed by general formula (1). In formula (1), each of Ar<SB>1</SB>and Ar<SB>2</SB>represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent and each of R<SB>1</SB>and R<SB>2</SB>represents the alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus unit.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, inorganic photoconductive substances such as selenium, cadmium sulfide and zinc oxide have been used as photoconductive substances for electrophotographic photoreceptors. On the other hand, recently, cheap,
Materials using organic photosensitive materials, which are advantageous in productivity and pollution-free, are beginning to be used.

Particularly, in recent years, non-impact printers to which electrophotographic technology is applied have become widespread in place of conventional impact printers as terminal printers. These are mainly laser beam printers using a laser beam as a light source, and a semiconductor laser is used as the light source in terms of cost, size of the apparatus, and the like. Since the oscillation wavelength of the semiconductor laser mainly used at present is 780 ± 20 nm, which is a long wavelength, development of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having sufficient sensitivity to light of these long wavelengths has been advanced.

As such a charge generating material sensitive to long-wavelength light, phthalocyanine compounds such as metal-free phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, and oxytitanium phthalocyanine (hereinafter abbreviated as TiOPc) have a high sensitivity characteristic. It has been approved and has been put to practical use. In particular, TiOPc has extremely high sensitivity characteristics, and like other phthalocyanine compounds, various crystal forms exist, and electrophotographic properties are different due to the difference in the crystal forms. Therefore, active research has been conducted.

T having excellent sensitivity characteristics for long wavelengths
A typical crystal form of iOPc is JP-A-61-239.
The crystal forms described in JP-A No. 248, JP-A No. 62-67094, JP-A No. 3-128973, JP-A No. 3-200790 and the like can be mentioned. The above crystal form is
As will be described later, they are called α type, β type, I type, and Y type in this order.

However, when such an electrophotographic photosensitive member is repeatedly applied to a process such as charging, exposure, development and transfer, a so-called Carlson process, a decrease in surface charge, a change in sensitivity and the like occur, resulting in deterioration of image quality. A reduction may occur.

The cause of the image quality deterioration is not yet clear, and various factors have been considered. Generally, when a photoconductor is used in a copying machine, it is constantly exposed to a corona discharge atmosphere, and as the number of copies increases, the photoconductor deteriorates due to the influence of the gas generated by the corona discharge. .

Conventionally, as a method for preventing the above-mentioned deterioration of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, it has been proposed to add various antioxidants such as a trialkylphenol derivative and dilaurylthiopropione to the charge transport layer. (Japanese Patent Publication Sho 5
No. 0-33857, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-34736, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-130759, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-1.
22444). Furthermore, JP-A-62-105151
JP-A-62-39863, JP-A-63-
No. 18,356, JP-A-63-50851, JP-A-63-73254, and JP-A-4-51248 describe that the antioxidant is more effectively used to prevent deterioration. .

As described above, the addition of the antioxidant can prevent the deterioration of the photoreceptor to some extent, but it still has the following drawbacks.

That is, the TiOPc is described in JP-A-60-2561.
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5, when a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran is dissolved / dispersed with an antioxidant and then dried at high temperature, the crystal form of TiOPc is changed and a predetermined sensitivity cannot be obtained.

Further, when the photosensitive member is irradiated with visible light during a jam treatment or the like, carriers are naturally generated in the exposed portion. When the electrophotographic process is started while the carrier remains, the charge potential of the portion where the carrier exists is neutralized by the carrier, and as a result, the absolute value of the potential decreases, which may cause an image defect. . This phenomenon is called a photo memory (PM).

With the recent demand for higher image quality, electrophotographic photoconductors having not only higher sensitivity and higher durability but also more excellent properties for PM have been investigated. This PM
On the other hand, it has been conventionally known that the charge transporting layer itself photoisomerizes the charge transporting layer by light having a wavelength in the ultraviolet region, resulting in a decrease in charge injection efficiency and a change in charge transport rate.

As a countermeasure against these problems, it has been attempted to prevent light change of the charge transport material by adding a colored charge transport material or a dye. In these methods, the addition of a pyrazolone compound to the charge transport material is disclosed in JP-A-63-95455 and JP-A-58-16394.
It is known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 6 and the like.

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a tetrafluoroethylene resin as a lubricant in a charge transport layer, which has stable electric characteristics even after repeated use. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent properties with respect to PM, an electrophotographic apparatus and an electrophotographic apparatus unit using this electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0015]

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a support, a charge generating layer on the support and a charge transporting layer on the charge generating layer, wherein the charge generating layer is oxytitanium phthalocyanine. And a tetrafluoroethylene resin as a lubricant and at least a bispyrazolone compound represented by the following general formula (1) in the charge transport layer. General formula (1)

[Chemical 6] In the formula, Ar ₁ and Ar ₂ represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R ₁ and R ₂ represent an alkyl group or an aralkyl group. Or represents an allyl group.

The present invention also relates to the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an image for exposing the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member by imagewise exposure to form an electrostatic latent image. The electrophotographic apparatus is provided with an exposing means and a developing means for developing the electrophotographic photosensitive member on which the electrostatic latent image is formed with toner.

The present invention integrally supports the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention and at least one means selected from the group consisting of charging means, developing means and cleaning means, and is detachably mountable to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. It is composed of an electrophotographic apparatus unit characterized by being present.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which at least a tetrafluoroethylene resin is contained in the charge transport layer, and in the charge generating layer, not only TiOPc but also azo pigment and hindered pigment are used. By adding both a phenol compound and at least a tetrafluoroethylene resin and a bispyrazolone compound in the charge transport layer, the electrical characteristics are stabilized against PM and further repeated use. .

The reason why the structure of the present invention has a remarkable effect on the stability of the potential against PM or upon repeated use is not clear, but it is considered as follows.

When the charge transport layer does not contain at least tetrafluoroethylene resin, as shown in Japanese Patent No. 2899230, that is, when oxytitanium phthalocyanine is excited by short wavelength light, the presence of excited e is present. The difference between the energy level of the orbit that is generated and the energy level of the original orbit is very large, and excited electrons are difficult to recombine, but generally the energy level of the empty orbit of the azo pigment and HP is the above-mentioned oxytitanium. Since it seems that it is between the energy levels of the orbitals before and after the excitation of phthalocyanine, it becomes possible to smoothly recombine the excited electrons of oxytitanium phthalocyanine by passing through these empty orbitals. It is considered that the PM is significantly increased when the charge transport layer contains at least tetrafluoroethylene resin. , The potential is significantly lowered with respect to repeated use. In this case, when the image output is continued by the electrophotographic apparatus, the character width may be thickened or the image density may be increased. However, as in the constitution of the present invention, by providing an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a tetrafluoroethylene resin as a lubricant and a bispyrazolone compound in addition to at least the charge transport material in the charge transport layer, It is considered that the hole injection efficiency and the wavelength light in the ultraviolet region are reduced, so that the electrical characteristics are stabilized against PM and further repeated use.

TiOPc used in the present invention has the following structural formula.

[Chemical 7] In the formula, Y ₁ , Y ₂ , Y ₃ and Y ₄ represent Cl or Br, and n, m, k and p are integers of 0-4.

The crystal form of TiOPc may be any, but α-type, β-type, I-type or Y-type is preferable. In particular,
Type I crystals are preferred. TiOPc of type I crystal is CuK
In the α characteristic X-ray diffraction, at least the Bragg angle (2θ
It has peaks at 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 ° and 27.1 °. α-type crystal TiOPc
Is at least Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) 7.6 °
And 28.6 °. β-type crystal TiOP
c is at least a Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) 9.3
And has peaks at 26.3 °. Y-type crystal TiO
Pc is at least the Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) 9.
It has peaks at 5 ° and 27.3 °.

The X-ray diffraction in the present invention is measured by CuK.
It is performed under the following conditions using α rays. Measuring instrument used: X-ray diffractometer RAD-A system manufactured by Rigaku Denki X-ray tube: Cu Tube voltage: Tube current: 40 mA Scan method: 2θ / θ scan Scan speed: 2 deg. / Min Sampling interval: 0.020 deg. Start angle (2θ): 3 deg. Stop angle (2θ): 40 deg. Divergence slit: 0.5 deg. Scattering slit: 0.5 deg. Receiving slit: 0.3mm curved monochromator used

The azo pigment used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably selected from the azo pigments represented by the following structural formulas (1) and (2). Azo pigment of structural formula (1)

[Chemical 8] Azo pigment of structural formula (2)

[Chemical 9]

Further, the hindered phenol compound used in the present invention is preferably a compound having the following structural formula. Structural formula I-25

[Chemical 10] Structural formula I-26

[Chemical 11]

The photosensitive layer in the present invention has a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order. The charge generation layer is formed by mixing TiOPc, an azo pigment, a hindered phenol compound and a binder resin with a solvent. The film is formed by a normal coating method. The charge transport layer is formed by mixing a charge transport substance and a binder resin with a solvent and forming a film by a usual coating method.

Examples of the charge transport material include various triarylamine compounds, hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, triallylmethane compounds and the like.

The charge transport layer contains a tetrafluoroethylene resin. To disperse the tetrafluoroethylene resin,
Dispersants, silicone oils, leveling agents, metallic soaps, silane coupling agents and the like may be added as additives. A fluorine-based graft acrylic polymer is used as a suitable dispersant.

Examples of the bispyrazolone compound represented by the general formula (1) contained in the charge transport layer are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0030]

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

[Table 4]

[Table 5]

As the most suitable bispyrazolone compound for the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, Compound Example 1 is the cheapest, and the stability of the compound in the coating material and the content thereof are small, and good results are obtained. As the amount contained in the charge transport layer,
0.01% to 120% with respect to the binder resin contained in the charge transport layer, and more preferably 0.05 to 50%.
%.

The binder resin used for each layer is, for example, polyester, acrylic resin, polyvinylcarbazole,
Phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl benzal, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polysulfone, polyarylate, vinylidene chloride / acrylonitrile copolymer and the like can be mentioned.

As a coating method for coating each layer,
A general one can be used, for example, a dip coating method,
Spray coating method, spinner coating method,
A coating method such as a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method or a blade coating method can be used.

The content ratio of each component of the photosensitive layer, that is, the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer is as follows.

The total content of TiOPc and the azo pigment is preferably 20 to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the charge generation layer. In this case, the mixing ratio of TiOpc and azo pigment is Ti
Expressed as OPc / azo pigment, it is preferably 20/1 to 3/7, and particularly preferably 15/1 to 4/6,
More preferably, the TiOPc content is higher than that of the azo pigment. The content of hindered phenol compound is TiOP
c 1/100 to 1 times the total amount of toazo pigment, and further 5/1
00-60 / 100 is preferable.

The content of the charge transport material is preferably 20 to 70% by weight, more preferably 30 to 65% by weight, based on the total weight of the charge transport layer.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is 0.05 to 1.0 μm.
m, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 μm.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 5 to 50 μm, more preferably 10 to 35 μm.

The photosensitive layer in the present invention contains at least oxytitanium phthalocyanine as a charge generating substance and an azo pigment, but it may further contain one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds of other organic pigments.

In the present invention, the most preferable electrophotographic photosensitive member is, in the charge generating layer, type I crystal TiOPc, the azo pigments of the structural formulas (1) and (2) and the hindered phenol of the structural formula I-25. It contains a compound.

The support can be formed using a conductive material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.

Further, it is also possible to use those in which a conductive surface layer is formed on the surface of a support such as plastic, paper or metal. As the conductive surface layer, a vacuum deposition film of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, an indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, or the like, or a coating film in which conductive particles (for example, carbon black, tin oxide particles, etc.) are mixed in a binder and applied be able to. The thickness of the conductive surface layer is preferably 1 to 30 μm. The shape of the support is preferably, for example, a cylindrical shape or a film shape.

An undercoat layer having a barrier function or an adhesive function can be provided between the support or the conductive surface layer and the photosensitive layer, if necessary. The undercoat layer can be formed of, for example, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, modified polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably 5 μm or less, more preferably 0.5 to 3 μm. Undercoat layer is 107 Ω · cm
The above is desirable.

If necessary, a conductive layer is provided between the support and the undercoat layer for the purpose of covering defects of the support and preventing interference fringes due to scattering when image input is laser light. Is preferred. The conductive layer can be formed by dispersing and applying conductive powder such as carbon black, metal particles, and metal oxide in a binder resin. The thickness of the conductive layer is 5-4
0 μm, and more preferably 10 to 30 μm.

If necessary, a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer. As the protective layer, polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate (polycarbonate Z, modified polycarbonate, etc.), nylon, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, etc. It can be formed by dissolving in a solvent, coating on the photosensitive layer and drying. The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.05 to 20 μm. Further, the protective layer may contain conductive particles, an ultraviolet absorber or the like. The conductive particles are preferably metal oxides such as tin oxide particles. Further, an inorganic filler, polyethylene, polyfluoroethylene, silica or the like as a lubricant and a dispersant, a silicone oil, a leveling agent, a metallic soap, a silane coupling agent or the like may be added as an additive.

Next, an electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a drum type photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotationally driven around a shaft 1a in a direction of an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. The photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged with a predetermined positive or negative potential on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1 by the charging unit 2 during its rotation process, and then the photoimage exposure L (slit exposure or slit exposure or Laser beam scanning exposure). As a result, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the exposed image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor. The electrostatic latent image is then toner-developed by the developing means 4,
The toner development image is sequentially transferred by a corona transfer unit 5 from a sheet feeding unit (not shown) to the surface of the recording material 9 which is fed between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer unit 5 in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 1. Will be done. The recording material 9 which has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoconductor and is introduced into the image fixing means 8 where it is subjected to image fixing and printed out as a copy. After the image transfer, the surface of the photoconductor 1 is cleaned by the cleaning unit 6 to remove the transfer residual toner, and the pre-exposure unit 7 removes the charge to repeatedly use the image. As a uniform charging means 2 for the photoconductor 1, a corona charging device is generally widely used.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the direct charging member 10 is used as the charging means, and the photosensitive member 1 is charged by bringing the voltage-applied direct charging member 10 into contact with the photosensitive member 1. (This charging method will be referred to as direct charging hereinafter). In the apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the toner image on the photoconductor 1 is also directly transferred to the recording material 9 by the transfer charging member 11. As the direct charging member 10, for example, a conductive rubber roller or a brush-shaped charging member can be preferably used.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, at least the photoconductor 1, the direct charging member 10 and the developing means 4 are housed in a container 12 to form one electrophotographic apparatus unit, and this apparatus unit is guided by a rail of the apparatus body. It is configured to be detachable using the means. The cleaning means 6 may or may not be arranged in the container 12.

Further, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, at least the photosensitive member 1 and the direct charging member 10 are housed in the first container 13 to form a first electrophotographic apparatus unit, and at least the developing means 7 is housed in the second container 14. The first electrophotographic apparatus unit and the second electrophotographic apparatus unit are housed in the second electrophotographic apparatus unit so as to be detachable. The cleaning means 6 may or may not be arranged in the container 13.

When the electrophotographic apparatus is used as a copying machine or a printer, the light image exposure L uses reflected light or transmitted light from the original, or the original is read and converted into a signal. This is performed by scanning, driving the light emitting diode array, driving the liquid crystal shutter array, or the like.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is a laser beam printer, electrophotographic copying machine, CRT printer, L
It can be widely used in electrophotographic application fields such as ED printers, liquid crystal printers, and laser plate making.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention described above is
It has stable electrical characteristics without deterioration even after repeated use, and has excellent characteristics with respect to PM.

[0053]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described with reference to examples. In the following examples, "part" means part by weight. Example 1 200 parts of conductive titanium oxide powder coated with tin oxide containing 10% antimony oxide, white titanium oxide powder 2
00 parts, phenol resin 400 parts, 1-methoxy-2-
Φ1m of 400 parts of propanol and 100 parts of methanol
A conductive layer coating material was prepared by dispersing with a sand mill using m glass beads. The above coating material was applied onto an aluminum cylinder having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 254 mm by a dip coating method and dried at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 20 μm after drying.

6-66-610-12 Quaternary polyamide copolymer (trade name: Amilan CM8000, Toray Industries, Inc.)
5 parts) was dissolved in a mixed solution of 70 parts of methanol and 25 parts of butanol by a dip coating method to form a subbing layer having a thickness of 0.65 μm or less.

Next, the diffraction angles 2θ ± 0.2 ° in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction are 9.0 °, 14.2 ° and 23.9 °.
And TiOPc crystals 1 having strong peaks at 27.1 °
0.5 parts and 1.5 parts of the azo pigment of the structural formula (2) were added to a solution prepared by dissolving 10 parts of polyvinyl butyral (trade name: S-REC BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 250 parts of cyclohexanone. , Φ1 mm glass beads were used for dispersion, and 2 parts of the hindered phenol compound of the structural formula I-25 was added and dissolved therein. Then, a coating solution prepared by diluting this solution with ethyl acetate is coated on the above-mentioned undercoat layer by a dip coating method, at 80 ° C.
And dried for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.25 μm.

Next, 10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene resin powder (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) and a comb-type fluorine graft polymer type surfactant (trade name:
Aron GF300, manufactured by Toagosei Kagaku Co., Ltd. (0.6 parts) as solid content was mixed with 500 parts of chlorobenzene and stirred, and then dispersed by a liquid collision type high pressure dispersion device. The processing pressure during dispersion was adjusted by the pump stroke so as to be 600 kg / cm ² . The liquid obtained from the discharge port was charged again to obtain a material to be dispersed which was subjected to high pressure treatment up to a total of 5 times.
To this tetrafluoroethylene resin dispersion, 1 part of the compound of Bispyrazolone Compound Example 1, 100 parts of bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate (viscosity average molecular weight 40,000) and 95 parts of a charge transporting substance having the following structural formula were added to methylene chloride 3
A solution dissolved in 00 parts was added, and the obtained coating solution was applied onto the above charge generation layer by a dip coating method.
After drying at 0 ° C. for 1 hour, a charge transport layer having a film thickness of 24 μm was formed to prepare an electrophotographic photoreceptor. Charge transport material

[Chemical 12]

Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of Bispyrazolone Compound Example 1 to be added was 6 parts.

Example 3 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of Bispyrazolone Compound Example 1 to be added was 20 parts.

Example 4 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 12 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine was added without using the azo pigment and the hindered phenol compound.

Example 5 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the content of the tetrafluoroethylene resin in Example 2 was changed to 20 parts.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the bispyrazolone compound was not used in Example 1.

Comparative Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the bispyrazolone compound was not used, the azo pigment was not used, and the hindered phenol compound was not used in Example 1. Created the body.

Example 6 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the azo pigment of Structural Formula (1) was used instead of the azo pigment in Example 2.

Each of the electrophotographic photoconductors prepared as described above is mounted on a color LBP-2160 manufactured by Canon Inc.,
For each of the photoconductors, recording was continuously performed on 1500 sheets of A3 size recording paper in an environment of 30 ° C. and 80% RH, and it was measured how much the light potential changed from the initial value after recording (H / Measurement of H potential change). The measurement results are listed in Table 1.

In the evaluation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, the charging potential Vd of the dark portion of the photosensitive member was set to -550V, and the potential Vl of the bright portion irradiated with the laser beam was set to -170V. Next, using a normal white fluorescent lamp for each of the newly prepared electrophotographic photoreceptors of Examples and Comparative Examples, 1500
Irradiate with Lux light for 5 minutes, and 1 minute later,
Under the environment of 50% RH, each photoconductor was charged and exposed with Color LBP-2160 manufactured by Canon Inc., and it was measured how much the potential of the bright part deviated from the set value (PM Δ).
V1 measurement). The measurement results are listed in Table 1.

[0066]

[Table 6]

[0067]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has a remarkable effect that it has stable electric characteristics even if it is repeatedly used and has excellent characteristics with respect to PM. Also,
In the electrophotographic apparatus and electrophotographic unit using this electrophotographic photosensitive member, the same height is achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophotographic apparatus using an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophotographic apparatus in which an apparatus unit using the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is detachably attached to an apparatus main body.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophotographic apparatus in which a first apparatus unit and a second apparatus unit using the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention are detachably configured in an apparatus main body.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 Drum type photoreceptor of the present invention 1a axis 2 charging means 3 exposure section 4 developing means 5 Transfer means 6 Cleaning means 7 Pre-exposure means 8 Image fixing means 9 Recording material 10 Direct charging member 11 Direct transfer charging member 12 containers 13 First container 14 Second container L light image exposure

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    F term (reference) 2H068 AA14 AA16 AA19 AA21 AA37                       BA12 BA16 BA39 BA44 BA48                       BA51 BA53 BB31 FA18

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a support, a charge generation layer on the support and a charge transport layer on the charge generation layer, wherein the charge generation layer contains oxytitanium phthalocyanine, An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing at least a tetrafluoroethylene resin as a lubricant and a bispyrazolone compound represented by the following general formula (1). General formula (1) In the formula, Ar ₁ and Ar ₂ represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R ₁ and R ₂ represent an alkyl group or an aralkyl group. Or represents an allyl group. 2. The oxytitanium phthalocyanine has a peak at at least 27.1 ° ± 0.3 ° of Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) in CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction. Electrophotographic photoreceptor. 3. The charge generation layer contains the oxytitanium phthalocyanine and an azo pigment, and the charge transport layer contains a tetrafluoroethylene resin as a lubricant and a bispyrazolone compound represented by the following general formula (1). An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the same. General formula (1) In the formula, Ar ₁ and Ar ₂ represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R ₁ and R ₂ represent an alkyl group or an aralkyl group. Or represents an allyl group. 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3, wherein the azo pigment is an azo pigment represented by the following structural formula (1). Azo pigment [Chemical formula 3] 5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3, wherein the azo pigment is an azo pigment represented by the following structural formula (2). Azo pigment [Chemical formula 4] 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the charge generation layer contains a hindered phenol compound having the following structural formula. Hindered phenol compound [Chemical formula 5] 7. An electrostatic latent image by performing image exposure on the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, a charging unit that charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the charged electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic apparatus, comprising: an image exposing unit for forming an electrostatic latent image; and a developing unit for developing the electrophotographic photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed with toner. 8. An electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a contact charging method. 9. An electrophotographic apparatus main body integrally supporting at least one means selected from the group consisting of an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 and a charging means, a developing means and a cleaning means. An electrophotographic apparatus unit that is detachably attached to.