JP2003311344A - Frozen bulge forming method and equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To take out a driving force for machining through the use of natural energy such as change in the ambient temperature by means of a simple device, so that metallic sheets or the like can be machined, and also to utilize the device for the purpose of driving various types of machines. <P>SOLUTION: Water 4 is poured in a space 3 in a housing 2 with the upper part opened, a blank 5 is placed in the upper opening of the housing 2 and, on top of it, a metallic die 6 is placed in a manner fitted to the housing 2, with the entirety integrated with bolts 7. The inner face 8 of the die 6 opposing the blank 5 and facing downward in the figure has a formed molded face for forming the blank 5 into a prescribed shape. If this device is left outside when the ambient temperature is 0°C or below, the water in the space 3 becomes frozen and expanded in volume, pressing the blank 5 against the inner face 8 of the die for bulge forming. This volume expansion can be utilized as a driving source for various types of machines. If necessary, an auxiliary refrigerating machine 11 may be used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a thin plate of a plastically deformable material such as metal or the like, a pipe, etc. Freezing bulge forming method for bulging a plate material to be processed by utilizing volume expansion action, apparatus for performing the method, and machine driving method capable of driving various machines using the apparatus, Regarding the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A molding method using a metal mold such as a conventional thin metal plate is roughly classified into a press method in which a material to be processed is sandwiched between a male mold and a female mold and the material is processed into a mold shape. There are two types of bulge processing methods in which a work material is pressed against a mold by a high-pressure liquid or gas pressure medium.

[0003]

The pressing method requires a complicated and large-scale driving device for driving the mold, and the bulge processing method requires a large-scale pressing device for pressurizing the pressure medium. is necessary. Further, in any of these cases, a large amount of artificial energy such as electric power needs to be input to drive the device. For this reason, these conventional methods for forming thin plates of metal or the like place a heavy load on the global environment.

Therefore, the present invention provides a simple device,
Utilizing natural energy such as changes in outside temperature to extract driving force for processing, enabling processing of thin metal plates, etc., and using that device to drive various machines The purpose is to be able to.

[0005]

The present invention solves the above problems by the following basic technical idea. That is, as in the winter in the Tohoku region of Japan, the temperature change of the day depends on the region and season, and the freezing point (0 ° C)
It is relatively common to go up and down across.

At this time, as is well known, when the water temperature becomes 0 ° C. or lower due to a decrease in the temperature at night, liquid water freezes, and the temperature rises during the day, and when the water temperature exceeds 0 ° C., it melts. It becomes liquid water.

It is generally well known that when water freezes, its volume expands about 1.09 times with the phase transformation from liquid to solid. In the present invention, the volumetric expansion accompanying the phase transformation of water into a solid is used as a driving force for processing a thin metal plate or the like, or as a driving force for other machines.

More specifically, when the water enclosed in the closed space freezes, the ice will push the wall surface of the closed space. Therefore, if you make a part of the wall surface a thin metal plate, which is the work material, the work material will be pressed against the opposite side of the ice, and a mold with the molding shape should be placed there. For example, the material to be processed is shaped into the surface shape of the mold. At that time, the force that pushes the wall surface of the closed space when water freezes may be transmitted through a fluid, and those devices should be used for driving various machines other than the processing of thin metal plates. You can also

Of course, a general-purpose refrigerating device or the like can be used to change the temperature when freezing water.
In cold climates, it can be operated simply by leaving it outdoors. When using the method of leaving it outdoors in the cold district, it is not necessary to artificially input energy, but simply extract the energy required for processing from the daily change in outside temperature. become.

Based on such a basic technical idea, the present invention adopts the configurations described in the claims. That is,
The invention according to claim 1 freezes a liquid in a sealed space which is in contact with one surface side of a plate material to be processed, and the volume expansion of the liquid due to freezing causes the gold of a predetermined inner surface shape provided on the other surface side of the plate material to be processed. A frozen bulge molding method is characterized in that the plate material to be processed is formed into a predetermined shape by pressing the plate material to be processed against a mold.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the liquid in the sealed space in contact with one surface of the movable member is frozen, and the fluid in contact with the other surface of the movable member is added by volume expansion of the liquid due to freezing. By pressing, pressing the one surface side of the plate material to be processed by the pressurized fluid, by pressing the plate material to a mold of a predetermined inner surface shape provided on the other surface side of the plate material, This is a frozen bulge molding method characterized in that a plate material to be processed is molded into a predetermined shape.

The invention according to claim 3 uses the heat of the outside air to freeze the liquid, and the method for forming a frozen bulge according to claim 1 or claim 2, Is.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the liquid in the sealed space in contact with one side of the movable member is frozen, and the mechanical operation is provided on the other side of the movable member due to volume expansion of the liquid due to freezing. The machine driving method is characterized by driving the parts.

The invention according to claim 5 provides the machine driving method according to claim 4, wherein the machine operating portion drives the machine via a pressure transmitting fluid. .

The invention according to claim 6 provides the machine driving method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the freezing of the liquid utilizes the heat of the outside air. is there.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metal having a sealed space forming portion for enclosing a liquid in contact with one surface side of the plate material to be processed and an inner surface of a predetermined shape facing the other surface side of the plate material to be processed. A freezing bulge molding apparatus comprising a mold and pressing the plate material to be processed into a mold by volume expansion due to freezing of the liquid to form the plate material into a predetermined shape. It is a thing.

Further, in the invention according to claim 8, the sealed space forming portion is formed inside the first bolt, and the opening is formed in the tip surface of the screw portion of the bolt, and the mold is the screw of the second bolt. And a nut that is formed on the tip end surface of the portion, is screwed from both sides of the first bolt and the second bolt, and is fastened while sandwiching the plate material to be processed by the tip end surfaces of the screws of both bolts. This is a frozen bulge forming device.

Further, the invention according to claim 9 is a liquid storage part for enclosing a liquid in contact with one surface side of the movable member, a fluid pressurizing part for pressurizing a fluid in contact with the other surface side of the movable member, and the fluid. A plate material pressurizing part that causes a fluid pressurized by a pressurizing part to act on one surface side of the plate material to be processed, and a mold that faces the other surface side of the plate material to be processed and has an inner surface of a predetermined shape. It is characterized in that the plate material to be processed is formed into a predetermined shape by pressing the plate material to be processed against the mold through the fluid that is pressurized by volume expansion due to freezing of the liquid. This is a frozen bulge forming device.

Further, in the invention according to claim 10, the freezing bulge according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the freezing of the liquid utilizes the heat of the outside air. This is a molding device.

Further, the invention according to claim 11 is provided with a liquid storage portion for enclosing a liquid in contact with one surface side of the movable member, and a mechanical operation portion provided on the other surface side of the movable member, wherein the liquid is frozen. Moving the movable member by volume expansion due to
A mechanical drive device characterized by driving a mechanical operating part.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the mechanical drive device according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the mechanical operating portion drives the machine via a pressure transmitting fluid. .

The invention according to claim 13 is the refrigeration bulge forming apparatus according to claim 11 or claim 12, characterized in that the liquid is frozen by utilizing the heat of the outside air. Is.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A shows a freeze bulge forming apparatus 1 according to the present invention.
The following shows an example of the basic configuration of
Water 4 is put into the space 3 of the housing 2 whose upper part is open, the plate material 5 is placed in the opening of the upper part of the housing 2, and the mold 6 is fitted and placed on the housing 2 on the plate material 5. A bolt 7 is shown as a whole. Work plate material 5 in die 6
The mold inner surface 8 facing downward in the drawing, which is opposed to, is provided with a mold surface for molding the plate material 5 to be processed into a predetermined shape. Further, as will be described later, the plate material 5 to be processed is the mold inner surface 6
The inner surface of the mold 5 to be processed when it is pressed against
A vent hole 10 for venting the air in the space 9 between the outside and the outside is provided.

In the refrigerating bulge forming apparatus 1 having the above-mentioned configuration, the space 3 of the housing 2 is filled with water 4 as shown in the figure, and the whole is integrated, which is used, for example, in the Tohoku region or Hokkaido in winter. When the temperature drops below 0 ° C, which is the freezing point of water, during the day or at night, it is left outdoors and exposed to the outside air. As a result, the water 4 in the housing 2 is gradually frozen and the volume thereof is expanded, so that the one surface on the lower side in the drawing of the plate material 5 to be processed such as a metal thin plate is pressed upward in the drawing. A space 9 is formed on the opposite surface side of the plate material 5 to be processed, and the periphery of the plate material 5 to be processed is sandwiched by the housing 2 and the die 6, so that the plate material 5 is gradually moved to this space by the pressing force. It transforms to the 9 side. At the time of this deformation, the air inside is vented.
Is discharged from the outside.

The volume of the space 3 of the housing 2 is set to the mold 6
By setting in advance so as to be somewhat larger than 10 times the volume of the void 9 formed in the inner surface shape, the volume expands 1.09 times when all the water 4 in this space 3 freezes, At that time, the plate material 5 is closely attached to the inner surface 8 of the mold 6,
Thereby, the plate material 5 to be processed is plastically deformed into the shape of the inner surface 8 of the mold 6, and so-called bulge molding is performed. This state is shown as a partial cross-sectional view in FIG. After such processing, in the illustrated example, all the bolts 7 are removed,
By removing the mold 6, the bulge molded product molded into a predetermined shape as described above can be taken out.

In the above embodiment, the space 3 of the housing 2
Although a constant volume is shown, for example, a rod or the like can be protruded from the bottom or side of the space 3 into and out of the space 3 to adjust the substantial volume in the space, and thereby the mold can be adjusted. It may be possible to set the volume of the space 3 in consideration of the volume expansion of water in accordance with the volume of the void 9 which changes depending on the inner surface shape of 6.

When the die 6 is fixed to the housing 2,
You may fix using the clamp mechanism widely used from the past. In that case, it is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility that the thickness of the plate material 5 to be processed can be absorbed. Furthermore,
In the above example, an example in which only the cold heat of the outside air is used has been shown, but if necessary, a heat exchanger 11 capable of forcibly cooling the surroundings of the housing 2 may be arranged and used as an auxiliary heat source. However, if it does not cool sufficiently, bulge forming may be performed by cooling the internal water only by the cold heat of the heat exchanger 11 as the auxiliary heat source, if necessary. Further, fins may be provided on the outer circumference of the housing 2 so that efficient cooling can be performed. Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, an example in which water is put in the space 3 of the housing 2 is shown.
The freezing point temperature may be adjusted by adding an appropriate additive, and the same operation can be performed by using a liquid other than water.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the refrigeration bulge forming apparatus according to the present invention. In this apparatus, a void 22 is formed inside the first bolt 21, and the void 22 is the first bolt. Is open on the side of the front end surface 23 of the screw part. Also,
A mold inner surface 26 is formed on the tip surface 25 of the thread portion of the second bolt 24. A nut 27 is screwed from the screw tip side 23 to the first bolt 21 and stands vertically.
In this state, water is poured into the empty space 22 up to the thread end surface 23, and then the plate member 28 to be processed is placed on the thread end surface 23. Next, the second bolt 24 is screwed in from the upper opening side of the nut 27 in the figure, and the plate material 28 to be processed is clamped between the tip surface 23 of the first bolt 21 and all of them are integrated.

The frozen bulge forming apparatus 29 integrated in this way is left outdoors when the outside air temperature becomes 0 ° C. or lower as in the above. As a result, the water inside freezes and expands,
As shown in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 2B, the plate material 28 to be processed is pressed against the inner surface 26 of the mold of the second bolt 24 and plastically deformed into a predetermined shape for bulging. After that, by removing the second bolt 24, the bulge molded product inside can be taken out. In this embodiment as well, when it is necessary to adjust the volume of the void 22 in accordance with the inner surface 26 of the mold, as in the case described above, for example, from the head side of the first bolt 21 to the void 22.
Alternatively, a screw may be separately screwed into the space so that the volume of the space inside the space 22 can be adjusted. Such a device can be manufactured inexpensively and is suitable for making small parts. In addition to leaving it in the open air, the bulging process described above can be performed by putting it in an empty space in the freezer compartment of a home refrigerator.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the housing 2
Although the example in which the plate material 5 is directly deformed by the water 4 in the inside has been shown, in addition to that, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, a movable film 30 is provided on the upper part of the housing 2, and one surface on the lower side in the drawing is the housing. The movable membrane 30 is formed so as to come into contact with the water 4 in the space 3 formed in the space 2 and the pressurized fluid storage member 31 placed on the upper part of the housing 2.
To pinch. The movable membrane 30 is provided in the pressurized fluid storage member 31.
A pressurized fluid storage chamber 33 for storing the working fluid 32 acting on the upper side in the figure is provided, and the fluid pressurizing member 34 is configured by these devices. The working fluid 32 used here is a fluid that does not solidify under the outside air conditions in cold regions, such as working oil used in ordinary hydraulic equipment.

The pressurized fluid storage chamber 33 is connected to the pipe 35 by a pipe 35.
The plate material that is in communication with the plate material pressurizing chamber 38 of the plate material pressurizing portion 37 of the bulge forming member 36 and faces the plate material pressurizing chamber 38 with the pressure of the fluid pressurized in the pressurized fluid storage chamber 33. 5 can be transmitted to one side. On the other surface side of the plate material 5 to be processed, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, an example in which the same mold 6 as the mold 6 shown in FIG. 1 is used is shown. It is also the same as the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the plate material 5 is sandwiched between the portion 37 and the inner surface 8 of the die 6 is formed into a predetermined shape.

With the apparatus as described above, the housing 2 is left outdoors when the outside air temperature becomes 0 ° C. or lower, as in the above-mentioned embodiments. At this time, the bulge forming member 36 may be left outside the room or installed inside the room to operate. When the water 4 in the space 3 freezes, the movable film 30 moves due to volume expansion.
Is deformed upward in the figure, and the working fluid 32, which is an antifreezing liquid in the pressurized fluid storage chamber 33, transmits pressure to the plate material pressurizing chamber 38 of the bulge forming member 36 through the pipe 35, and the fluid also moves. Thereby, the plate material 5 to be processed is pressed against the mold inner surface 8 of the mold 6 in the same manner as described above, and finally the plate material 5 to be processed 5
Is bulged.

By applying means such as providing an excessive pressure release valve in the pipe 35, the water 4 in the space 3 is further frozen and expanded after the plate material to be processed is completely pressed against the inner surface 8 of the mold. When there is a risk of damage to the equipment due to excessive pressure generated during the operation, the working fluid 32 can be discharged into a separately provided container to prevent damage. In addition, although the example using the movable film is shown in the above-described embodiment, various types of movable members such as a piston that moves up and down along the inner wall surface can be used.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the bulge processing is performed by utilizing the volume expansion when water freezes. However, other than that, it may be used as a driving power source of various machines as shown in FIG. 4, for example. it can. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, the same device as the fluid pressurizing member 34 shown in FIG. 3 is used, but in this embodiment, the movable plate 30 is provided with the operating plate 40, By pushing out the rod 41 by the operating plate 40, it can be used as a driving source for various machines such as a pressurizing machine.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the working fluid 32 is supplied to the pipe 3 by using the fluid pressurizing member 34 shown in FIG.
By transmitting the force transmitted to the outside through the piston 43 of the actuator 42 and moving the rod 44 fixed to the piston 43 in the right direction in the drawing, various machines can be driven in the same manner as described above. it can. Similar to the above, these fluid pressurizing members 34 are installed outdoors when the outside air temperature becomes 0 ° C. or less. At this time, the bulge forming member 36 may be installed outdoors or may be operated indoors.

The material that can be processed in the present invention can be applied to various thin metal plates, synthetic resins, water resistant processed thin plate materials that can be plastically processed, in addition to aluminum thin plates. Also,
The shape of the material to be processed is not limited to the flat plate as shown in the embodiment, but a curved surface such as a pipe or a spherical surface that can create a closed space into which water can be put is combined with other members. It goes without saying that it can also be applied to processed materials.

[0037]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, there is no need to use a dedicated and complicated pressurizing device, and in a region where the minimum temperature of one day is below freezing, this device is left outdoors. The molding process is performed just by setting it. As a result, it is possible to provide a molding technique for a metal thin plate or the like in harmony with the global environment. In addition, at that time, it is possible to attach a separate auxiliary cooling device to cope with climate change, and since the device can be made extremely small, it can be used for general-purpose refrigerators including general freezer rooms. A refrigeration system can be used to operate the processing system and drive system according to the invention,
The device can be extremely versatile.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a refrigeration bulge forming apparatus according to the present invention, (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a state before water in the housing is frozen, and (b) is a state in which water in the housing is frozen. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the refrigeration bulge forming apparatus according to the present invention, (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a state before water in the void is frozen, and (b) is water in the void. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a closed state.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the refrigeration bulge forming apparatus according to the present invention.

4A and 4B are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a mechanical drive device according to the present invention, FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which an actuating member is directly driven by a movable film, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the example which makes a pressure act and drives an actuator.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 Freezing bulge forming equipment 2 housing 3 space 4 water 5 Work plate material 6 mold 7 volts 8 Mold inner surface 9 void 10 Holes

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A mold having a predetermined inner surface shape provided on the other surface side of the plate material to be processed by freezing a liquid in a sealed space which is in contact with one surface side of the plate material to be subjected to volume expansion due to freezing of the liquid. A refrigeration bulge molding method characterized in that the plate material to be processed is pressed into a predetermined shape by pressing the plate material to be processed. 2. A liquid in a sealed space in contact with one surface side of the movable member is frozen, and a fluid in contact with the other surface side of the movable member is pressurized by volume expansion due to freezing of the liquid, and by the pressurized fluid. The one side of the plate to be processed is pressed, and the plate to be processed is formed into a predetermined shape by pressing the plate to be processed against a die having a predetermined inner surface shape provided on the other side of the plate to be processed. A frozen bulge forming method characterized by: 3. The freezing bulge molding method according to claim 1, wherein the freezing of the liquid uses heat of the outside air. 4. The liquid in a sealed space in contact with one surface side of the movable member is frozen, and the mechanical operation part provided on the other surface side of the movable member is driven by volume expansion of the liquid by freezing. Machine drive method. 5. The machine operating unit drives a machine via a pressure transmitting fluid.
The described machine drive method. 6. The machine driving method according to claim 4, wherein the freezing of the liquid uses heat of the outside air. 7. A sealed space forming portion for enclosing a liquid, which is in contact with one surface side of the plate material to be processed, and a mold having an inner surface of a predetermined shape, which opposes the other surface side of the plate material to be processed. A frozen bulge forming apparatus, which presses the plate material to be processed against a mold by volume expansion due to freezing, thereby forming the plate material to be processed into a predetermined shape. 8. A hermetically sealed space forming portion is formed inside the first bolt and is opened at a tip surface of a screw portion of the bolt, and the mold is formed at a tip surface of a screw portion of the second bolt. A refrigeration bulge forming apparatus comprising a nut for screwing together a first bolt and a second bolt from both sides and for fastening while clamping a plate material to be processed by the tip surfaces of the screws of both bolts. 9. A liquid storage part for enclosing a liquid in contact with one surface side of the movable member, a fluid pressurizing part for pressurizing a fluid in contact with the other surface side of the movable member, and a fluid pressurizing part for pressurizing the fluid. A plate pressing unit for applying a fluid to one side of a plate to be processed, and a mold having an inner surface of a predetermined shape, which opposes the other side of the plate to be processed, and a volume of the liquid frozen. A refrigeration bulge molding apparatus, characterized in that the plate material to be processed is formed into a predetermined shape by pressing the plate material to be processed against a mold through the fluid pressurized by expansion. 10. The freezing bulge forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the freezing of the liquid uses heat of outside air. 11. A liquid storage unit for enclosing a liquid, which is in contact with one surface side of the movable member, and a mechanical operation unit, which is provided on the other surface side of the movable member. A machine drive device that moves and drives a machine operation unit. 12. The machine driving device according to claim 11, wherein the machine operating unit drives a machine via a pressure transmitting fluid. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the freezing of the liquid utilizes the heat of the outside air.
The refrigeration bulge forming apparatus described in 2.