JP2003310788A - Fire-extinguishment training system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fire-extinguishment training system which can be installed either indoor or outdoor, and can always retain a flame height of a specified height by feeding a fuel of a specified amount under any kind of temperature condition. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of fuel-jetting pipes and a plurality of smoke-distributing pipes which are connected with the terminal end of a fuel-distributing pipe 4 are arranged in parallel in a recess 3 which is formed at one part of a training region 2. A liquid-form liquefied petroleum gas stored in a storage tank 1 is fed by a fuel- feeding device 5 to a fuel-regulator 11, and a computation-processing circuit 32 computes the flow rate of the liquefied petroleum gas to be fed to the fuel-distributing pipe 4 based on detection signals of a fire-extinguishing agent detector 27 and a temperature sensor 29. The fuel regulator 11 regulates the flow rate of the liquefied petroleum gas conforming to the computation result. A fuel computation unit 10 is constituted in a manner to compute the operating time of a liquid-feeding pump 12 based on the measurement data of a pressure-meter 8 and a temperature-meter 9. At the same time, protective plates are respectively arranged with specified intervals on the front surface and both side parts of the jetting out port of the fuel-jetting out pipe in the spaces between them and the spaces to the fuel piping. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing training apparatus for performing fire extinguishing training in which a fluid fuel is jetted into a training area and an extinguishing agent is sprayed on an ignited flame to extinguish the fire.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, most combustion facilities use fossil fuels, and fire accidents at oil plants are also expected. Therefore, fire departments and safety departments of plant factories should carry out fire extinguishing drills assuming fire accidents. Must be done on a daily basis. Therefore, for example, in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-70732, a spout that spouts fumes supplied from a smoke generator into a room in which articles such as furniture and equipment are arranged on a floor with a lattice and a space at the bottom. And a plurality of flame injectors connected to the flame generation device and various detectors connected to the detection control device are disclosed.

The publication also discloses, as a smoke generating device, a simulated smoke generating device for generating simulated smoke. The simulated smoke generated from the smoke generator is distributed to the respective smoke pipes by a smoke distributing device. Then, the smoke is discharged from the smoke discharge port opened in each room. Further, a head member for maintaining a stable flame even if various extinguishing agents are applied to the ejection port of the flame injector is provided.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the outline of a flame injector according to the prior art. A large number of fuel ejection ports are formed in the upper portion of the fuel ejection pipe 16, and a cover plate 34 covers the upper portion thereof.

[0005]

According to the above prior art, the equipment such as the fuel supply device, the ignition device, and the extinguishing agent detection device are arranged in the space under the floor in the training area so as not to hinder the fire extinguishing training. There is. Therefore, since the flame generated from the flame injector is formed under the floor with a grid, the grid floor is directly struck by the flame and also receives radiant heat from the flame rising on the floor. It becomes very high and easily deforms. Therefore, it is not possible to enter the fire training area where the fire extinguisher train extinguished the fire immediately after extinguishing it. On the other hand, in an actual fire, a flame is often generated due to the combustion of the floor surface, so that the flame generated in the fire extinguishing training apparatus may feel a sense of discomfort due to the difference from the actual fire. Further, as described above, since the upper portion of the fuel injection pipe 16 is covered with the cover plate 34, when the extinguishing agent is applied from above the flame injector, the flame can continue to burn without extinguishing the flame. However, when extinguishing agents, especially water, was applied from the side of the flame injector or when strong wind was blown, the flame disappeared and unburned gas was generated, so the diffused unburned gas was ignited for some reason. In this case, there is a danger of explosion and it is dangerous. Furthermore, it is difficult to generate a large luminous flame because there is sufficient air around the flame injector. The fire extinguishing training device must perform a fair evaluation of the training results, but to do so, it is necessary that the flame height can reach a predetermined point under any temperature condition. That is, the supply amount of each of the liquid fuel distributed from the distribution device must be controlled to be a predetermined amount, but this point is not taken into consideration in the conventional technology.

Liquefied petroleum gas containing propane as a main component is the cheapest fuel available as a liquid fuel that does not generate soot or an offensive odor when burned, but the liquefied petroleum gas is saturated depending on the ambient temperature change. The vapor pressure also fluctuates, and the liquefied petroleum gas stored in the storage tank is vaporized or liquefied according to the saturated vapor pressure. If the fuel supply system is arranged in the order of the storage tank, the fuel supply device, and the fuel distribution device from top to bottom, and if any of these parts can be arranged so that the vertical position is not reversed, the liquefied petroleum gas vaporized in each device The gas collects in the upper part of the storage tank, and the fuel supplied from the fuel supply device is only liquid, so handling is relatively easy. However, in reality, it is difficult to arrange the equipment as described above, and therefore it is not possible to always supply only the liquid fuel to the fuel supply device.

Further, since the saturated vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gas greatly varies depending on the ambient temperature, it is necessary to give sufficient consideration to the vaporization phenomenon of liquefied petroleum gas in the fuel supply device when the ambient temperature is high.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and can be installed indoors or outdoors, and by supplying only a predetermined amount of fuel under any temperature condition. An object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguisher training device that can always maintain a predetermined flame height.

[0009]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a flame temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of a flame igniting a fluid fuel ejected from an outlet of a fluid fuel ejecting means, and the flame temperature detecting means. Flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the fluid fuel supplied by the fuel supplying means according to the temperature detected by the detecting means, fuel temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the fluid fuel supplied by the fuel supplying means, and the fuel temperature detecting means. Fuel pressure holding means for maintaining the pressure of the fluid fuel supplied by the fuel supply means at a predetermined value according to the temperature detected by the means, preferably, the fluid fuel is liquid liquefied petroleum gas,
The fluid fuel jetting means is a fuel pipe in which a plurality of air outlets are bored on one side and a fluid fuel flows inside, and the fuel pipe includes a fuel pipe between the front and both sides of the air outlet and the fuel pipe. A protective plate is arranged at a predetermined interval between the fuel pipe and the fuel pipe, and the fuel pipe is arranged along the opening surface in the recess provided in a part of the floor surface of the training area. Simulated smoke generation means for supplying the fluid fuel from the storage tank to be stored to the flow rate adjusting means and for recirculating the fluid fuel not completely supplied to the flow rate adjusting means to the storage tank, and the simulated smoke generating means for generating simulated smoke; And a simulated smoke distribution means for distributing simulated smoke generated by the smoke generation means to desired smoke ejection locations.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a fire extinguisher training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a flame injection apparatus, and FIG. 3 shows a part of the apparatus arranged in a training area in this embodiment. It is a perspective view shown. As shown in these figures, a training region 2 for fire extinguishing training is provided with a recess 3 which is a rectangular recess having an open upper part, and the recess 3 is formed at the end of the fuel distribution pipe 4. A plurality of connected fuel ejection pipes 16 are arranged in parallel, and a plurality of smoke delivery pipes 23 are arranged in parallel between the plurality of fuel ejection pipes 16.
Is provided.

The fuel distribution pipe 4 is connected to a fuel supply device 5, and the liquid liquefied petroleum gas stored in the storage tank 1 is supplied from the fuel supply device 5 via a fuel controller 11 to form a recess 3 The fuel is evenly distributed within. The fuel injection pipes 16 are arranged above the bottom surface of the recess 3 by a distance d, and the tops thereof are in contact with the floor surface of the training area 2 and are provided with a large number of air outlets 17. . In the vicinity of the upper part of the recess 3, in addition to the fuel supply device 5, an ignition device 6 for igniting liquefied petroleum gas, and on the bottom surface of the recess 3 and between the fuel distribution pipes 4 are arranged to absorb the radiant heat of the flame. A radiant heat absorption imparting means 7 such as crushed stone for providing radiant heat to the liquefied petroleum gas blown out from the fuel ejection pipe 16 is provided.

The simulated smoke generating device 20 is arranged at a place separated from the training area 2, and the simulated smoke S generated by the simulated smoke generating device 20 is mixed with air in the duct 21 and sent to the smoke distributor 22. . The air supplied from the carrier air supplier 24 joins through the air supply pipe 25 in the middle of the smoke delivery pipe 23 in which the simulated smoke S is distributed by the smoke distributor 22.

A plurality of simulated fire extinguishing devices 26 for simulatingly spraying various fire extinguishing agents are arranged near the upper portion of the recess 3. Further, these simulated fire extinguishing devices 26 are provided with a fire extinguishing agent detector 27 that detects that the fire extinguishing agent has been injected. In addition, a plurality of temperature sensors 29 that measure the temperature of the radiant heat of the flame blown up from the air outlet 17 of the fuel injection pipe 16 are arranged at required positions in the recess 3. Extinguishing agent detector 27 and temperature sensor 2
The detection signal 9 is input to the input device 31 and transmitted to the arithmetic processing circuit 32 via the transmission line 31. Information on the temporal change of the flame height when performing fire extinguishing training is also input to the input device 31, and the arithmetic processing circuit 32 obtains the required flame height based on this information. Therefore, the flow rate of the liquefied petroleum gas supplied to the fuel distribution pipe 4 is calculated and output to the fuel controller 11.

In the fuel supply device 5, the liquid liquefied petroleum gas stored in the storage tank 1 is sent to the fuel controller 11 by the liquid feed pump 12 through the fuel feed pipe 13. Fuel supply pipe 1
A pressure measuring instrument 8 for measuring the pressure of the liquefied petroleum gas in the fuel supply pipe 13 and a temperature measuring instrument 9 for measuring the temperature of the liquefied petroleum gas are installed in the middle of 3, and these measuring instruments 8, The measurement data of 9 is transmitted to the fuel calculation unit 10, where the operating time of the liquid feed pump 12 is calculated. The liquefied petroleum gas that has not been sent to the fuel controller 11 is recovered in the storage tank 1 through the recovery pipe 14.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the fuel injection pipe 16
Of the protective plates 15a, which are separated from each other by a distance d along the fuel injection pipe 16 and at a distance g from each other.
15b and 15c are installed. The fuel supply device 5 and the ignition device 6 are housed in a box, which is provided near the upper part of the recess 3 and which simulates a fixed object such as furniture or equipment.
This makes it possible for trainees to safely enter areas where fires or smoke have occurred.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. According to the calculation result of the fuel calculation unit 10, the liquid feed pump 12 is
Liquefied petroleum gas is sent to the fuel controller 11 through the fuel supply pipe 13. The fuel calculator 10 calculates the operating time of the liquid feed pump 12 based on the measurement data of the pressure measuring device 8 and the temperature measuring device 9. The arithmetic processing circuit 32 is the extinguishant detector 2
7 and temperature sensor 29 detection signals and input device 3
The fuel controller 11 calculates an appropriate flow rate of the liquefied petroleum gas based on the temporal change information of the flame height input in 1.
Adjusts the flow rate of the liquefied petroleum gas supplied to the fuel distribution pipe 4 according to the calculation result.

The liquefied petroleum gas supplied to the fuel distribution pipe 4 is ejected from the blowout port 17 of the fuel ejection pipe 16, and the fuel ejection pipe 1
Three protective plates 15a, 1 provided so as to surround 6
5b and 15c collide with the bottom surface of the recess 3 and the ejection speed is attenuated, leaks into the atmosphere through the gap between the protective plates 15a, 15b and 15c, and is ignited by the ignition device 6 to burn into a luminous flame. Extinguishant is sprayed against this bright flame in the fire extinguishing training, but the origin of the flame is the three protective plates 15a, 15
Since it is protected by b and 15c, the liquefied petroleum gas ejected from the air outlet 17 does not extinguish, and the protective plate 15a,
Since combustion can continue between 15b and 15c and the fuel injection pipe 16, the release of unburned gas can be prevented.

On the other hand, the simulated smoke S generated by the simulated smoke generating device 20 is mixed with the air sucked from the rear in the duct 21 and sent to the smoke distributor 22, and the smoke delivery pipe 23 corresponding to a desired smoke generating location. Delivered selectively. The simulated smoke S in the smoke delivery pipe 23 is accelerated and carried downstream by the air supplied from the carrier air supplier 24 through the air supply pipe 25. As a result, the simulated smoke S can be selectively smoked at a desired location, and backflow of unnecessary gas or the like can be prevented.

In order to extinguish an actual fire, it is necessary to select an appropriate extinguishing agent depending on the fuel of the flame and extinguish the fire. Further, since the flame is generated only when the three elements of air, fuel and heat are gathered, extinguishing is performed by separating one or more of the three elements from the flame.

During the fire extinguishing training, it is possible to judge whether or not the proper simulated fire extinguishing device 26 has been selected based on the detection signal of the extinguishing agent detector 27. Further, by examining the detection signal of the temperature sensor 29, it is possible to judge the situation of the fire extinguishing training such as whether or not the extinguishing agent is evenly distributed to the flame occurrence place so as to block the air. When the pressure of the liquefied petroleum gas in the fuel supply pipe 13 fluctuates, the flow rate of the liquefied petroleum gas supplied to the fuel distribution pipe 4 also fluctuates, so that the fuel calculation unit 10 is based on the pressure data measured by the pressure measuring device 8. The pressure of the liquefied petroleum gas is kept at a predetermined value, and the arithmetic processing circuit 32 calculates the fuel flow rate for producing a flame of a predetermined height at the pressure and determines the adjustment flow rate of the fuel controller 11, so the fuel injection pipe 16
The height of the flame blown up from the air outlet 17 is constant regardless of the change in ambient temperature.

At times other than during fire extinguishing training, of course, the fuel regulator 1
Since 1 is closed, liquefied petroleum gas is stored in the storage tank 1 and the fuel supply device 5, and is vaporized or liquefied according to changes in ambient temperature, and maintains a stable state at the saturated vapor pressure at that temperature. . Since the connecting portion of the fuel supply device 5 to the storage tank 1 is at the bottom of the storage tank 1, the gas generated in the storage tank 1 does not flow down into the fuel supply device 5, and
Although some of the gas generated in the fuel supply device 5 flows back into the storage tank 1, the structure of the fuel supply device 5 does not allow all the gas generated therein to flow back into the storage tank 1, A part of the gas generated in the supply device 5 may stay in the fuel supply pipe 13.

When fire extinguishing training is performed in such a state, liquefied petroleum gas in a gas-liquid mixed state is supplied to the fuel distribution pipe 4, so that stable supply of liquefied liquefied petroleum gas to the fuel distribution pipe 4 becomes difficult. Become. Therefore, the fuel calculation unit 10 measures the ambient temperature while the fire extinguishing training is stopped, calculates the gas amount of the liquefied petroleum gas vaporized in the fuel supply pipe 13, and calculates the fuel supply pipe 13
The internal pressure is increased to a saturated vapor pressure or higher, and the operation time of the liquid feed pump 12 necessary for reliquefying all the gas of liquefied petroleum gas is calculated, and the reliquefaction operation based on this calculation result when fire extinguishing training is restarted. As described above, liquefied petroleum gas in a liquid state can always be stably supplied to the fuel distribution pipe 4.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a part of the apparatus arranged in the training area according to the modification of this embodiment. In this modified example, the protective plates 15a, 15b, 15c in the above embodiment are used.
The fuel injection pipe 16 and the fuel injection pipe 16 are rotated by 90 ° about the axis of the fuel injection pipe 16, and a protective plate is provided from the inner bottom surface of the trough 36 having a U-shaped cross section installed on the bottom surface of the recess 3. 1
It is positioned so that the height up to 5c is h.

With such an arrangement, the liquefied petroleum gas ejected from the air outlet 17 of the fuel ejection pipe 16 hits the protective plate 15a and is decelerated, and the protective plates 15a, 15
The gas leaks from the gap b, 15c into the atmosphere, and a part of it bounces off at the inner bottom surface of the gutter 36 and blows upward to burn, so that a relatively large flame can be generated. Further, even when the liquefied petroleum gas is jetted from the outlet 17 in a liquid state and dropped downward, the gutter 36 serves as a tray for the liquefied petroleum gas, and the liquefied petroleum gas that receives the radiant heat from the flame is easily vaporized and burned. it can.

In the structure of the above embodiment, the mechanical strength of the equipment in the recess 3 may be insufficient. In such cases,
A reinforcing member may be provided to compensate for the lack of mechanical strength of the equipment. 5 and 6 are perspective views showing a part of the apparatus arranged in the training area according to another modified example of the present embodiment in which the reinforcing member of the equipment is provided. In this modified example, the reinforcing plate 3 is in contact with the protection plates 15c so as to partition the space between the adjacent protection plates 15c.
7 is installed, or the reinforcing plate 37 is provided so as to come into contact with the reinforcing plate 37 so as to cover the upper portion thereof and to be flush with the floor surface of the training area 2. These reinforcing plates 37 supplement the mechanical strength of the protective plate 15c when an external force acts on the protective plate 15c, and constitute a part of the floor surface of the training area 2 together with the fuel distribution pipe 4, the smoke delivery pipe 23, and the like. ing.

[0026]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the temperature of the flame igniting the fluid fuel ejected from the outlet of the fluid fuel is detected, and the temperature of the fluid fuel supplied according to the temperature is detected. In addition to adjusting the flow rate, the temperature of the fluid fuel to be supplied is detected and the pressure of the fluid fuel to be supplied is kept at a predetermined value according to the temperature, so that the training area can be maintained regardless of changes in the ambient temperature. It is possible to keep the height of the flame generated at the same level.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the liquid fuel is liquid liquefied petroleum gas, it is possible to prevent the fluid fuel jetting means from being overheated and improve the durability.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the fluid fuel jetting means is a fuel pipe in which a plurality of outlets are bored on one side and the fluid fuel flows through the inside, and the fuel pipe is provided with outlets. Since the protective plates are arranged on the front face and both sides of the fuel pipe at a predetermined interval from each other and from the fuel pipe, it is possible to reduce the velocity of the fluid fuel ejected from the air outlet to form a large luminous flame. At the same time, it is possible to prevent the extinguishing due to the diffusion of unburned gas by preventing the extinguishing agent and the disappearance of the flame due to the strong wind.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 4, since the fuel pipe is arranged along the opening surface in the recess provided in a part of the floor surface of the training area, damage due to overheating of the floor surface of the training area is prevented. It can be reduced.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the fluid fuel that has not been completely supplied to the flow rate adjusting means is recirculated to the storage tank, the pressure upstream of the flow rate adjusting means can be prevented from becoming excessive.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the generated simulated smoke is distributed to the desired smoke ejection points,
In addition to being able to reproduce the state close to the actual situation at the fire site,
Extinguishing goals can be clarified.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a fire extinguisher training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is likewise a perspective view showing a flame injection device.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a part of the apparatus arranged in the training area according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a part of an apparatus arranged in a training area according to a modified example of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a part of an apparatus arranged in a training area according to another modification of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a part of the apparatus arranged in the training area according to still another modification of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an outline of a flame injector according to a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: storage tank, 2: training area, 3: recess, 4: fuel distribution pipe,
5: Fuel supply device, 6: Ignition device, 8: Pressure measuring device,
9: Temperature measuring device, 10: Fuel calculation part, 11: Fuel regulator, 12: Liquid feed pump, 15a, 15b, 15c: Protective plate, 16: Fuel injection pipe, 17: Air outlet, 20: Simulated smoke generation device , 22: smoke distributor, 24: carrier air supplier, 2
6: Simulation fire extinguisher, 27: Fire extinguishing agent detector, 29: Temperature sensor, 31: Input device, 32: Arithmetic processing circuit

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A fluid fuel jetting means installed in a training area for fire extinguishing training, comprising a plurality of outlets, igniting means for igniting the fluid fuel jetted from the liquid fuel jetting means, and the fluid fuel. In a fire extinguisher training apparatus having a fuel supply means for supplying a fluid fuel to the jetting means, a flame temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature of a flame igniting the fluid fuel jetted from the outlet of the fluid fuel jetting means, Flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the fluid fuel supplied by the fuel supply means according to the temperature detected by the flame temperature detecting means, and fuel temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the fluid fuel supplied by the fuel supply means, A fire extinguishing training device, comprising: a fuel pressure holding means for keeping the pressure of the fluid fuel supplied by the fuel supply means at a predetermined value in accordance with the temperature detected by the fuel temperature detection means. . 2. The fire extinguisher training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluid fuel is liquefied liquefied petroleum gas. 3. The fluid fuel jetting means is a fuel pipe in which a plurality of air outlets are bored on one side so that the fluid fuel flows inside, and the fuel pipe has a front surface and both side portions of the air outlet. The fire extinguisher training apparatus according to claim 2, wherein protective plates are arranged at predetermined intervals between the space and the fuel pipe. 4. The fire extinguisher training apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the fuel pipe is arranged along an opening surface in a recess provided in a part of the floor surface of the training area. 5. The fuel supply means has a fuel recirculation means for supplying the fluid fuel from a storage tank for storing the fluid fuel to the flow rate adjusting means, and for recirculating the fluid fuel that has not been completely supplied to the flow rate adjusting means to the storage tank. The fire extinguisher training apparatus according to claim 2, wherein 6. A simulated smoke generating means for generating simulated smoke,
The fire extinguisher training apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: a simulated smoke distribution unit that distributes the simulated smoke generated by the simulated smoke generation unit to desired smoke ejection locations.