JP2003285066A - Pure water apparatus with energy recovery - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pure water apparatus for purifying contaminated water and deionizing seawater having excellent cost efficiency and high productivity and good usability. <P>SOLUTION: The pure water apparatus utilizing an electrode structure of an electrochemical capacitor, especially a super capacitor is provided in order to remove ions from solution. A removing process of ions is called capacitive deionization (CDI). During the deionization, a D.C. electric field is applied to a cell, an electrical potential generated at both ends of electrodes 16 and 18 is followed thereby, and ions are attracted on a surface of the electrode. When electrical attraction reaches the maximum point or a cell voltage increases to an applied voltage, regeneration is required for the further usage of a CDI electrode. The regeneration of the electrode is achieved promptly in a proper quantity by energy release to devices such as the super capacitor and energy storage thereto. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to capacitive deionization (CDI) of liquids containing charged species, including aqueous and inorganic and organic solutions, and more particularly to repetitive electrosorption of ions.
n) (deionization) and electrode regeneration, whereby energy is extracted and stored from the supercapacitor or ultracapacitor or electric double layer capacitor. The present invention provides a pure water device in which purified liquid and electricity are co-generated.

[0002]

Energy and water are two essential components of modern life. With fossil fuels declining, and causing pollution during power generation, people are eager to look for alternative energy sources. for that reason,
Renewable energy sources such as solar heat, wind power, wave power, and geothermal have been considered and commercialized. Many international automobile manufacturers are actively developing fuel cells for pollution-free electric vehicles. All of the above efforts are aimed at reducing carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) emissions and using free natural resources such as the sun and water for energy production. Energy production is not a trivial task, and thus energy protection, including limited utilization of energy and sensitively responsive extraction, is notable. There are many viable ways to recover residual energy that would otherwise be waste. For example, US Pat. No. 6,326,763 issued to King et al. Discloses a regenerative braking system that can store electricity that is exchanged from the remaining momentum of a vehicle during deceleration to stop or brake downhill. There is. In the '763 patent, an ultracapacitor was proposed to extract residual energy that is normally dissipated as heat. In another example, US Pat. No. 6,267,045 to Wiedmann et al. Shows a cooking device containing an energy storage and energy extraction system in which energy is exchanged in the form of latent heat.

Less than 1% of the water on the surface of the earth is suitable for direct use. Fresh water will be one of the most valuable necessities of the 21st century. Desalination of seawater is probably the most powerful way to get fresh water instead of rainfall. Of commercial desalination methods, distillation dominates the market with a 56% share, reverse osmosis (RO) accounts for 40%, and freezing and electrodialysis occupy the rest. The above-mentioned methods differ in the mechanism of purification, but all of these methods are based on the total dissolved solids (to
used to reduce tal dissolved solids (TDS), so seawater can be used for drinking. TD
The reduction or deionization of S is also the ultimate goal of waste liquid treatment, and ion exchange and RO are most frequently used for waste liquid treatment. The method used to purify seawater or waste liquid is
It should be a technology with low energy consumption and no pollution and long service life. To meet the above requirements,
Than ion exchange and RO and other deionization techniques,
CDI is better. There are five reasons to prove the ultimate merit of CDI: (1) CDI uses a DC electric field to adsorb and remove ions from solution,
This process is quick and controllable with minimal energy consumption. (2) Energy input for electrical sorption is extracted and stored for later use or other uses. No energy recovery can be obtained with any of the above mentioned separation methods. (3) Energy is CD
During the transfer from the I electrode to the load, the electrode recovers at the same time.
Regeneration of CDI electrodes by energy extraction is rapid without the use of chemicals and without causing pollution. (4) CD
I can directly deionize seawater or solutions with TDS of 35,000 ppm or more. Deionization and regeneration is
It can be repeated many times until the liquid is purified, and there is no electrode degeneration due to high salt content. RO and electrodialysis and ion exchange are better used to handle low salinity solutions, otherwise expensive membranes and resins are quickly damaged. (5) The ions adsorbed on the CDI electrode can be released to a central reservoir for useful resource recycling or sludge disposal. Ion extraction by CDI is a non-destructive process and therefore some ions may be processed for recycling purposes. In an embodiment of the invention, the present invention provides a CD
All five previously mentioned features of technology I that differ from others are specified. Additionally, the deionizer of the present invention is consistent with the underlying principle of free energy tapping: no fuel added and no pollution.

CDI has been a known separation method for at least 40 years (J. Newman et al. 1971). To name a few, U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,891, 5,858,
199, 5,954, 937, and 6,309, 532 are all aimed at commercializing CDI technology. In particular, the '532 patent to Tran et al. Disclosed the use of electrical discharge for electrode regeneration. Instead of regenerating the residual energy,
Electricity is consumed due to short circuit or reverse polarity.
, 18, 21 and 23). Shorting a fully charged capacitor can cause an electrical hazard, especially if the stored energy is huge. One skilled in the art knows that the opposite polarity will temporarily remove adsorbed ions from the electrode. However, the ions will leave one electrode and adsorb to the other unless coupled with a large amount of fluid to wash away the ions desorbed from the cell and an alternate polarity reversal at the appropriate frequency. This may explain why in Example 1 of the '532 patent, 40 liters of liquid was used for each regeneration. Moreover, one regeneration cycle of the CDI electrode of the '532 patent takes several hours to complete, and such a long treatment is not useful for commercial applications. '532 as shown in FIG. 12 of the patent, deionization as proposed, using a geometrical area of 10 cm × 20 cm of the electrode or the total 30,000 ² 150 pairs, 59 ppm (in terms of rate 100Μs TDS up to 1.7)
Is as slow as 10%, and a processing time of 10 minutes is required. Further, the '532 patent teaches a meandering liquid flow pattern in a complex cell, as shown in FIG.
Fifty pairs or other combinations of electrodes were stacked or compressed. Holes are specially machined in the electrode support to create liquid passages, on which carbon airgel or lithographic punch metal or expensive metal carbide is used as the electrosorption medium is doing. The above design and utilization of metal presents increased costs for CDI cells as well as maintenance as well as operational difficulties. Relatively, the disclosure of the present invention is
We provide a pure water device with excellent cost performance, high productivity, and ease of use for purification of contaminated water and desalination of seawater. After partial or complete adsorption of ions, the deionized water device of the present invention discharges at different rates depending on demand, causing constant or peak currents to flow through different loads. In other words, the pure water device can be used as a liquid purifier, an energy storage device, and a power converter.

[0005]

In essence, CDI employs a supercapacitor charging scheme for ion removal from solution (other scientific terms for this device include ultracapacitors and electric double layers). Includes capacitors). Supercapacitors are capacitors that use an electrochemical method that can store static electricity up to thousands of farads (F) and that can be instantly charged and discharged. When ions are deposited on the surface of the electrodes of the supercapacitor, a direct current potential is generated along with an increase in electric charge at both ends of the positive and negative electrodes of the capacitor. This increase in voltage due to the ion deposition relationship causes CDI
It is also commonly seen during treatment deionization. Thus, the voltage can be used to determine if the CDI electrode has reached the adsorption maximum or if the CDI electrode has reached an equilibrium state where the dielectric potential is equal to the applied voltage.
In any case, the CDI electrode needs to be regenerated to provide further service. According to the general electrode structure of supercapacitors, stacking or spiraling, CDI electrodes are constructed and assembled in the same way, but with two variations. First, unlike separators that store electrolyte for supercapacitors, it is desirable that the components of the CDI module other than the electrical sorption media neither adsorb nor retain ions. Second, unlike the electrodes of the supercapacitors that are sealed in a protective housing, the CDI electrodes are not encapsulated but simply fixed by a simple means such as tape. Therefore, the CDI electrode of the present invention is exposed to the environment and yet the fluid being processed has free access to the electrode. Using the through-flow design described above, the CDI module can be installed in a fluid line for deionization or submerged in a liquid and navigate like a submarine to remove ions.

Not only are the electrodes assembled with a minimal amount of support, but readily available low cost activated carbon is used as the electrosorption medium to further reduce the cost of the CDI module. A carbon material is placed on a conductive substrate to form a CDI electrode by an inexpensive process such as roller coating. Due to cost-effective materials and easy electrode production and simple assembly of electrodes
It can be a reliable consumer product that is affordable for home and industry.

Just as the stored energy in the supercapacitor can be instantly extracted by discharge,
The residual energy of the CDI electrode after electrosorption of ions is also effective for fast tapping. Although the energy recovered is much less than the energy input for deionization, the residual energy is free and can be added for practical applications. Moreover, like the supercapacitor with 100% depth of discharge, the energy stored in the CDI electrode is also completely released, and as a result of energy recovery, the electrode is completely cleaned. To store the residual energy recovered from the CDI module,
Supercapacitors, ultracapacitors or electric double layer capacitors are very convenient as storage devices. This is because the device is more efficient at storing energy than other devices such as batteries and flywheels. As long as the source voltage is higher than the supercapacitor voltage, the capacitor can always be charged regardless of the magnitude of the charging current. This CDI device is a carrousel
Alternatively, when installed on a Ferris wheel, the electrodes can deionize and regenerate one another and continuously. For rapid and repetitive deionization and regeneration, the deionizer has high throughput not only for desalination of seawater but also for purification of contaminated liquid. It has been observed in experiments that repeated deionization and regeneration does not cause any damage to the water purification device.

Recovery of the CDI electrode by energy extraction is
Serve in any liquid, including seawater. Only the adsorbed ions are released into the liquid, so that the liquid has no effect on the regeneration and there is no secondary pollution. Furthermore, no rinsing liquid or regenerating fluid is required for ion release, which is automatically depleted during energy recovery. Regeneration produces no effluent, except that the electrode cleaning process may require a minimum amount of clean water. Under a DC electric field, the CDI electrode adsorbs ions, so that the applied voltage is suppressed below the decomposition potential of the ions. Therefore, the CDI electrode can be used as a magnet for removing ions from the liquid without destroying them and storing the ions in one centralized container. Once the ions are collected in a small amount of liquid, the useful resources are easily recycled or the sludge is effectively disposed of.
That is during the return of the recovered electrode from the concentrating vessel to the deionization chamber, which probably requires cleaning.

Deionization of the solution by CDI only requires the application of a low DC voltage, which makes it possible to operate in storage and fuel cells and solar cells. Most of the latter devices have poor power density. Nonetheless, the supercapacitor, after storing the residual energy,
The peak power can then be delivered to various heavy loads. From this point of view, the pure water device operates as a power converter while utilizing adsorption and desorption for energy transfer. Due to various electrical resistances and other forms of energy loss, such as electrolysis, the adsorption and desorption or charge and discharge cycles described above are not permanent. Nevertheless, using the deionizer of the present invention as a power converter may provide some practical application.

Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a deionized water device which is excellent in cost efficiency and high productivity and is easy to use for purifying contaminated water and desalinating seawater. A second object of the present invention is to provide a pure water device which can be used as a liquid purifier, an energy storage device and a power converter.

[0011]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve a desired object, a deionized water device according to the present invention comprises:
One of the following modules, along with the components described below, including (1) a plurality of electrodes in each module exposed to the environment, and stacking multiple pairs of electrodes in parallel or in series; Numerous modules that connect to form an anode and cathode, and insert an insulating spacer between every two electrodes to prevent electrical shorts and provide free access to the electrodes for fluids and seawater, (2) anodes And a large number of modules, each containing a cathode and two insulating separators, wound spirally in an open roll, allowing liquid and seawater to have free access to the electrodes, (3) ions from liquid and seawater by electrical sorption DC power supply to supply electricity to some of the electrode modules in order to remove the (4) electrodes used for deionization In also load the energy storage device for extracting energy from Joule, by the electrode module to release residual energy to a load,
Restored cleanliness for a new cycle of deionization (5)
It consists of a mechanical set-up for continuously altering the electrode module for deionization or regeneration on demand, and (6) a microprocessor for controlling deionization and mechanical operation and energy extraction.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Activated carbon has two main functions by removing pollutants from liquids: surface adsorption and catalytic reduction. Adsorption generally occurs between the contaminant and the adsorption surface due to some binding property.
Since the adsorption power is weak and the adsorption is subject to slow thermodynamic control, activated carbon has a large surface area and a very close proximity between the surface and the pollutants for a large amount of washing. Must depend. However, adsorption on activated carbon can be promoted by the application of a DC electric field. Further, due to the polarity formed on the surface of activated carbon, carbon adsorbs ions of opposite polarities, and selective adsorption occurs. The charged carbon can use a large surface area to adsorb a large number of ions in an instant. The adsorbed ions can remain on the surface of the activated carbon for a certain period without applying an electric field. The above-mentioned features make activated carbon attractive as an electrosorption material for liquid purification. The large surface area is the main reason why activated carbon is widely used not only for deionization and desalination, but also for processing energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. Other considerations for which activated carbon is preferred include inert nature, wide availability, mature technology, and low cost. Moreover, if carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are available in large quantities at a reasonable price, CNTs are another ideal candidate for the electrosorption material of CDI electrodes.

FIG. 1 (a) shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which two electrode modules each consisting of 7 pairs of electrodes are installed in a two-compartment carousel 10. The compartment 12 contains a liquid 20 to be treated and a first electrode module having electrodes connected in parallel to form an anode 16 and a cathode 18, respectively. The anode and the cathode are connected to the corresponding positive and negative electrodes of the DC power supply B using an electric cable, and electricity is supplied to the module for ion removal of the liquid 20. Similarly, compartment 14 contains liquid 24 as a regeneration medium and a second electrode module for releasing its residual energy to load C via anode 16 and cathode 18, and the second electrode module is removed. It was used for ionization. The liquid 24 can be a clean solvent or the same liquid as the liquid 20, providing a medium for the adsorbed ions to be released. The medium has no effect on ion emission or energy extraction. The carousel 10 has a motor (not shown) provided at the bottom of the central column 22 for rotating the electrode module in the direction indicated by A. As soon as one module saturates and the other fully recovers, these modules switch positions in preparation for a new cycle of electrical sorption and regeneration. Before the carousel spins, drain the liquid 20 and liquid 24 (liquid channels and control valves not shown), thus replenishing compartment 12 and compartment 14 with fresh liquid 20 and liquid 24 for deionization and regeneration, respectively. can do. Liquid 20 has low salinity and 1
If it can be purified by cycle desalination, the purified liquid is re-treated for subsequent use or treatment in sewage. In fact, the liquid 24 can be permanently reused for the collection of ions released during regeneration.

Another preferred embodiment of the facility for repeated deionization and regeneration or sorption and desorption is by lifting and alternating positions of the electrode modules for deionization and regeneration. In this step, both the liquid 20 and the liquid 24 as well as the compartments 12 and 14 are fixed, so that the liquid 20
Can be continuously deionized until the ejection conditions are met, while the liquid 24 can be used to receive permanently ejected ions. If desired, the recovered CDI module may be rinsed with pure liquid before returning to the next deionization run. After rinsing, the waste liquid may be added to the reservoir of liquid 24 as a regeneration medium. Although only two compartments and two electrode modules are shown in FIG. 1 (a), other numbers of compartments and electrode modules may be used depending on the needs of the application. The present invention can utilize repeated deionization and energy extraction to co-generate purified liquids and electricity.

As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the module is provided with stacked 7 pairs of electrodes connected in parallel. An insulating screen or web intervening every two electrodes is present to prevent electrical shorts (not shown). The spacer is
It is inert and non-adsorptive and non-leaching to serve its purpose. Materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon, nylon can meet the above requirements. The spacer preferably has a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm to allow free passage of the liquid. Coconut shell, pitch, coal, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Activated carbon made from precursors such as can be used as the electrosorption medium. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes of suitable diameter, for example 2 nm to 50 nm,
nanotube: CNT) is an ideal material for making CDI electrodes. By mixing a fluorinated binder and a solvent, the activated carbon powder or CNTs is transformed into a homogeneous paste suitable for roller coating of substrates. Titanium foil with a thickness of 0.05 mm or less is used as the substrate for the anode, while copper foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm or less is used to make the cathode. Suitable metal leads
It is attached to the electrodes by spot welding or soldering. The electrodes are then stacked with a screen spacer placed between every two electrodes. An insulating tape or two plastic plates and at least two bolts and two nuts (not shown in Figure 1 (a)) are used to secure the entire stack of electrodes and spacers to form the CDI module. The module, which is assembled without encapsulation as described above, is submerged in a liquid for deionization. If it is possible to spirally wind the electrodes and spacers into one open roll,
It can be placed in a water channel and the liquid freely flowing through the electrode is deionized. The CDI electrodes may be connected in parallel for higher surface areas, or in series for higher applied voltages, and in a hybrid configuration for special applications.

FIG. 1 (b) is another plan view of the pure water device with energy recovery. B is a DC power supply including rectified AC power, a storage battery, a solar cell, and a fuel cell. Only a voltage of 1 to 3V is required to maintain the electrical sorption of the CDI module in compartment 12 of carousel 10. However, higher voltages can be used to provide both electrosorption and electrolysis with advantages over simple deionization.
US Patent No. 6,328,875 to Zappi et al.
Disinfection of microorganisms and organic pollutants has been accomplished by the use of electrolysis, as disclosed in US Pat. Occasionally, electrolysis is used to generate oxygen to prevent deposits on the CDI electrode. Nevertheless, the present invention was originally designed for deionization and electrolysis is generally avoided. Block 26 is a microprocessor that performs three functions, which are (1) monitoring the potential developed across the CDI module electrodes, (2) starting and stopping the carousel motor, and (3 ) Adjusting the energy extraction. The load C can extract residual energy from the CDI module in the compartment 14 via the anode 16 and the cathode 18, whereby the CDI module recovers at the same time. Regenerative energy is preferably stored in a device such as a supercapacitor or ultracapacitor or electric double layer capacitor.
All the capacitors mentioned above have better charging efficiency than accumulators and flywheels, because they can accept any amount of current without mechanical action. Moreover, capacitors can be built smaller than flywheels. Energy transfer ceases when the potential developed across the electrodes of the capacitor is equal to the source voltage. At this point, the CDI module may not be completely regenerated, because some residual energy is still present on the electrodes. One way to solve this problem is to use multiple capacitors or one electronic energy-extracto.
r) is used. To minimize losses during energy extraction, the supercapacitor's internal resistance or equivalent series resistance (equivale
nt series resistance (ESR) should be as low as possible.

FIG. 2 (a) is a side view of still another embodiment in which a pure water device with energy recovery is arranged in a ferris wheel structure. For simplicity, not only two CDI electrode modules 213 and 215 but two compartments 205 and 207 are shown in the container 201. The other parts including the power supply, the microprocessor and the load are similar to those in FIG. 1 (b) and are omitted. In the ferris wheel 200, the lever 203 has the electrode module 2
Position A with 13 and electrode module 215
While providing the movement to rise from position B to
CDI from deionization to regeneration and vice versa
A motor is provided inside the central column 217 to replace the modules. The distance between A and B is not shown to show the actual size with sufficient clearance for the CDI module to rotate. Compartment 205 is designated for regeneration, in which there is a pure liquid or compartment 207.
Forever use the same solution treated in 1. as the regeneration medium. Compartment 207 is designated for deionization, and for a single clarification waste or seawater can enter the compartment through inlet 209 and exit the compartment through outlet 211.
Due to the need for two simple operations, the motor of the Ferris wheel 200 consumes little energy and can be operated from the same power source that sustains deionization.

FIG. 2 (b) shows a ferris wheel 400 containing eight compartments integrated with eight CDI modules typified by 408. Each module has a control module typified by 402 which includes a microprocessor and set-up circuitry to drain the residual energy of the CDI module. Each module is attached to a lever typified by 203, and the control module is
It is located at the top of the CDI module. The control module not only regulates energy extraction, but also monitors deionization and activates and deactivates mechanical movements.
There is a motor provided inside the central column 217. The compartment is divided into four areas, 404 for deionization,
406 is for regeneration, areas A and B are standby areas where CDI modules are cleaned to minimize cross contamination.

FIG. 3 is yet another embodiment, in which the moving belt 37 engages rollers represented by 38 and multiple CDI modules represented by 33 for repeated deionization and regeneration. Is transported in a cylindrical shape.
The liquid 31 to be treated and the regeneration medium 35 are both CDI
The electrodes can freely flow through. After deionization,
The effluent 32 can be a washed liquid, while the effluent 36 is concentrated with the ions released in the regeneration. As shown in FIG. 2B, each CDI module has a control module represented by 34. The area labeled 40 is a waiting area where CDI modules are post-treated to avoid cross-contamination.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the aforementioned control module consisting of a setup circuit S, a microprocessor PWM and a supercapacitor L. In FIG. 4, B is a DC power supply for supplying electricity to the CDI for deionization. The residual energy of CDI can then be released to the supercapacitor L via S. Normally, S is stopped until the potential of CDI is equal to or smaller than the voltage of L. If the latter situation occurs, the microprocessor PMW raises the potential of CDI above the voltage of L via S, completely releasing the residual energy of CDI. With electrical energy extractors such as PWM and S, the CDI electrode can be recovered instantly. The microprocessor PMW can also start and stop the motor M and thus replace the CDI module in the desired position.

The CDI module in the following example manually alternates between deionization and regeneration instead of using an automatic carousel or ferris wheel setup. Demonstrates that the CDI module 1) directly purifies high salinity seawater or effluent, 2) sorbs and desorbs at very frequent cycles without degeneration, and 3) converts the power density of the power supply Therefore, an embodiment will be described.

First Embodiment The CDI module consists of four cells connected in series, each cell consisting of two parallel electrodes with a PVC screen centrally located. Each electrode has dimensions of 6 cm x 5 cm x 0.35 mm, and is a commercially available activated carbon (surface area 1
$ 0.30 per pound of 050 m ² / g).
The module is installed in seawater with different salinities of 5,000 ppm and 20,000 ppm and 35,000 ppm (original value) using an 8 volt DC voltage for constant voltage deionization. Deionization is complete when the potential developed across the cell reaches 8 V and the current drops to a constant value. The residual energy of the module after deionization performed in each solution is then released to the electron load. The recovery efficiency of each energy extraction was calculated and is listed in Table 1.

[Table 1] Energy transfer in seawater of 5,000 ppm is too low to measure. It has been shown that the higher the salt content, the higher the recovery efficiency.

<Second Embodiment> The same CDI module as in the first embodiment is fully charged in seawater of 35,000 ppm as in the first embodiment. The residual energy is then used to charge two commercial supercapacitors. Table 2 shows the state of charge of the supercapacitor.

[Table 2] As shown in Table 2, the residual energy after CDI can be stored for actual application, and the supercapacitor is well suited for that application.

<Third Embodiment> The same CDI module as that of the first embodiment is fully charged in seawater of 35,000 ppm using a constant current of 5A. Immediately after charging was completed, the module was discharged to the electric load where the peak current of 39 A was measured. Therefore, the CDI module operates as a power converter because the peak current is much higher than the charging current.

<Fourth Embodiment> Size 6 cm × 5 cm × 0.35 m
A new CDI module is made by connecting 32 electrodes of m in parallel to form an anode and a cathode. The electrodes are
The same activated carbon as in the first embodiment is used as the electrosorption medium. The module is salinity 122,00 from the dye factory
Used for the purpose of directly removing 0ppm, 800ml of waste liquid ions. At each treatment cycle, a DC voltage of 3 volts is applied to the module for 5 minutes for deionization. The module then emits an appropriate amount to a certain load of the module which is immersed in the regeneration medium in different compartments. The regeneration medium is deionized water. Table 3 shows the first six consecutive cycles of deionization and regeneration.

[Table 3] In theory, columns 3 and 5 of Table 3 should contain the same numbers, and this discrepancy may be cross contamination and / or measurement error. Nevertheless, Table 3 clearly demonstrates that the CDI module, coupled with repeated deionization and regeneration, can directly and continuously purify very high salinity liquids. Furthermore, the amount of ions removed in each cycle is significant, suggesting that the present invention is a very useful separation technique.

The present invention is also used as a power converter, in which the electrolytic solution is a combination of hydrogen ion (H ⁺ ), ammonium ion, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal and the like. It has a cation selected, or OH ^- ions, halide, nitrate ion (NO ₃ ^-), perchlorate ion (ClO ₄ ^-), sulfite ion (SO ₃ ^2-), sulfate ion (SO ₄ ^{2 -} ), Phosphate ion (PO ₄
^3- ) A pure water device having an anion selected from the group of combinations such as. Separately, a power converter using one solvent selected from the group including water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, propylene glycol, propylene carbonate, ethylene ganate, and their compounds. In addition, it is necessary to seal the electrode module by using one protective case for this device.

As described above, the present invention has been disclosed by the preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can easily understand the technical idea of the present invention. Appropriate changes and modifications can be made within the scope, and therefore the scope of protection of the patent right should be determined based on the scope of the claims and an area equivalent thereto.

[0028]

With the above-described structure, the deionizing apparatus with energy recovery according to the present invention has a high treatment capacity not only for desalination of seawater but also for purification of contaminated liquid, and is reasonably priced for home and industry. It is possible to become a reliable consumer product. Therefore, the industrial utility value is high.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a first plan view of two CDI electrode modules installed in a two-compartment carousel according to the present invention. One compartment is designated for deionization,
The other compartment is for regeneration. When the carousel rotates, the regenerated electrode module performs deionization,
On the other hand, the saturated module regenerates. Figure 1 (b) shows 2
It is a 2nd top view of a division carousel. Shows that one electrode module can receive electricity from power supply B for deionization and the other module can release residual energy to load C.

FIG. 2 (a) is a side view of two CDI electrode modules installed in a ferris wheel according to the present invention. The wheel has both lift and roll mechanisms that allow the modules to be alternated from deionization to regeneration, or regeneration to deionization, as required. Utilizing the ferris wheel design, only a few sets of CDI modules are sufficient to purify contaminated liquids and desalinate seawater. FIG. 2 (b) is a plan view of a ferris wheel containing eight compartments and eight CDI modules. The compartment is divided into three sections for deionization and regeneration and post-treatment.

FIG. 3 is a side view of another type of ferris wheel that conveys a cylindrical CDI module according to the present invention on a conveyor. There are three zones for deionization and regeneration and post-treatment.

FIG. 4 is a control module comprising a setup circuit and a microprocessor according to the present invention and a supercapacitor.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 carousel 12 sections 14 divisions 16 anode 18 cathode 20 liquids 22 Center pillar 24 liquid 26 blocks 31 liquid 32 waste liquid 33 CDI module 34 Control module 35 Regeneration medium 36 waste liquid 37 Moving Belt 38 roller 40 areas 200 ferris wheel 201 container 203 lever 205 sections 207 sections 209 inlet 211 exit 213 CDI electrode module 215 CDI electrode module 217 central pillar 400 ferris wheel 402 control module 404 compartment 406 division 408 CDI module

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Suzuya ▲ Blue ▼             Taiwan Taoyuan Qilongtan Township Folk Road 278 Street 88 Play 3 ▲ Town             ▼ No. 11 3rd floor (72) Inventor Xie Jin             No. 154, Jinraku-gai, 5 Minchunri, West District, Taichung City, Taiwan (72) Inventor Xie Tama             Taiwan, Changhua, Pingxing Township, Tiled Kita Village, Shikaji 1st Section, No. 466 (72) Inventor Shu Zhou             Taiwan Miaoli Minoru ▲ min ▼ Jinho Zhori Hattoku 2nd Road 130             號 F-term (reference) 4D024 AA03 BA02 BB05 BC01 DB09                 4D061 DA04 DB13 EA02 EB01 EB04                       EB14 EB20 EB29 EB30 EB33                       ED12                 4K011 AA20 AA21 AA29 CA02 CA06                       DA11

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. One of the following modules in conjunction with the components described below, including (1) a plurality of electrodes in each module exposed to the environment, with multiple pairs of electrodes in parallel or Stacked and connected in series to form one anode and one cathode, and insert an insulating spacer for every two electrodes to prevent electrical short circuit and free access to fluid and seawater to the electrodes. Provide a number of modules, (2) spirally wound into an open roll, each containing one anode and one cathode and two insulating separators, liquid and seawater having free access to said electrodes A large number of modules, (3) electricity to some of the electrode modules to remove ions from liquids and seawater by electrosorption. One DC power supply,
(4) With a load that is also an energy storage device for extracting energy from the electrode module that was used for deionization, the electrode module releases residual energy to the load, resulting in a new cycle of deionization. One mechanical set-up for recovering cleanliness towards (5) continuous replacement of the electrode modules for deionization or regeneration on demand, and (6) deionization and mechanical operation and energy extraction. A pure water system with energy recovery for purification of liquid and desalination of seawater, which consists of one microprocessor for adjustment. 2. The electrode is electrosorbed using activated carbon made from one precursor selected from the group consisting of coconut shell, pitch, coal, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The water purifier according to claim 1, further comprising a material. 3. The pure water device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode uses carbon nanotubes (CNT) as an electric sorption material. 4. The pure water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the anode uses a titanium foil as a conductive substrate. 5. The pure water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cathode uses one conductive foil selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper and titanium as a substrate. 6. The insulating spacer is a screen or
The water purifier according to claim 1, which has a mesh shape, a mesh shape, a mesh fabric shape, a spider web shape, or a comb shape. 7. The spacer is polyethylene (PE).
And polypropylene (PP) and vinyl chloride (PVC),
The water purifier according to claim 1, which is one material selected from the group consisting of Teflon (registered trademark) and nylon. 8. The pure water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the insulating spacer has a thickness of 2 mm or thinner. 9. The deionized water device according to claim 1, wherein the DC power source is selected from the group consisting of rectified AC, a storage battery, a solar cell, and a fuel cell. 10. The deionizer of claim 1, wherein the energy storage device is selected from the group consisting of supercapacitors and ultracapacitors and electric double layer capacitors. 11. The water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical setup is a carousel or a ferris wheel. 12. The deionizer of claim 1, wherein the deionization operates at a DC voltage of 3V or less. 13. The deionized water device according to claim 1, wherein the regeneration of the electrode is performed by discharging the residual energy of the electrode to the energy storage device of claim 10. 14. The pure water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deionization and the regeneration can be continuously and simultaneously coordinated. 15. The water purifier according to claim 1, wherein the regeneration can be carried out in pure liquids and waste liquors and seawater. 16. The pure water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the purified liquid and electricity are co-generated. 17. One of the following modules in combination with the parts described below, (1) stacked and connected in parallel or series to prevent electrical shorts and maintain ion penetration between the electrodes. A module forming one anode and one cathode integrated with an ion-conducting spacer intervening every two electrodes for (2) one anode and one cathode and two ion-conducting spacers And (1) one module which is spirally wound into one open roll containing (3) an electrolyte solution which provides anions and cations for reversible adsorption and desorption of the electrode, (4) the module (1) or (2) ) A power converter comprising one protective case for sealing. 18. The power converter according to claim 17, wherein the electrolytic solution has a salt content of 5,000 ppm or more. 19. The electrolytic solution contains hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ).
18. The power converter of claim 17, having cations selected from the group consisting of ammonium ions (NH4 ⁺ ), alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and combinations thereof. 20. The electrolyte is hydroxide (OH ⁻ ),
And halide, nitrate ions ^- and a perchlorate ion ^{_{(NO 3) (ClO 4 -}} ) and a sulfite ion (SO ₃ ^2-), sulfate (SO ₄
The power converter according to claim 17, further comprising an anion selected from the group consisting of ^2- ), phosphate ion (PO ₄ ³⁻ ), and a combination thereof. 21. The electrolytic solution comprises water, methanol,
Use of one solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, propylene glycol, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and combinations thereof.
7. The power conversion device according to 7.