JP2003272423A - Lighting system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting system of high brightness having a uniform brightness distribution, a high directivity for the light beam, and a high rate of beam utilization. <P>SOLUTION: The lighting system consists of a plurality of unitary members, each consisting of a light source 71, an incident surface 72a whereto a beam of light from the light source 71 is put incident, a light guide plate 72 formed as thinning as going farther from the incident surface 72a and having a light emission surface 72b wherefrom the incident beam is emitted, and a reflecting surface 73 provided alongside the plate 72 and reflecting the beam to ahead, whereby the beam of light is projected ahead. The units are laminated one over another, and the surfaces adjoining their reflecting surfaces 73 serve as light emitting surfaces. Each light emitting surface is furnished with a diffusion sheet 75. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lighting device,
In particular, the present invention relates to a large-sized lighting device requiring high luminance. In recent years, display units have increased display capacity.
Or improved word processor and personal computer
It has been widely adopted in computers and the like. Further
Thin and lightweight for notebook to workstation
A display unit with a large screen size is required, and
Therefore, a high-luminance and high-efficiency lighting device is desired. 2. Description of the Related Art Edges conventionally used in liquid crystal display devices have been used.
Light from the side of the light guide plate
To guide the internally propagating light due to total internal reflection
Light is emitted by breaking the total reflection condition with a board and white ink
It was emitted to the surface side. FIG. 40 shows a conventional edge light type illumination device.
FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 81 denotes a fluorescent tube serving as a light source;
82 is a light guide plate made of a transparent resin, and 82a is a light guide plate 82
Incident surface, 82b is a light guide plate on which a diffuse reflection pattern is printed
The back surface of 82, 82c is the exit surface of the light guide plate 82, 83 is reflection
A sheet, 84 is a light emitting surface, 85 is so as to surround the fluorescent tube 81.
Reflector provided, 86 is a linear prism, 87 is a diffuser
Sheet 88, internally propagating light, 89 outgoing light, 90
Is a lighting device composed of them. As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional edge light type
The backlight is a fluorescent tube 81 surrounded by a reflecting mirror 85,
The emitted light is incident from the incident surface 82a of the light guide plate 82.
The light guide plate 82 is arranged such that its thickness goes to the center.
The emission surface 82c is directed from both ends toward the center so that it becomes thinner.
It is inclined. Then, the back surface 82b of the light guide plate 82
Has a diffuse reflection pattern made of white ink or the like.
Weight so that the printing area increases with distance from
A diffuse reflection pattern is provided on the rear surface of the rear surface 82b.
Reflection sheet to effectively emit the light scattered by the
G is arranged. Also, the light emission at the upper part of the light guide plate 82
On the surface 84, a liner for collecting the emitted light 89 in the normal direction is provided.
A prism 86 is provided.
The diffuse reflection pattern on the back surface 82b is
The diffusion sheet 87 is placed so that
A lighting device 90 is configured. The conventional edge light type illumination device
In the device 90, the diffused light emitted from the fluorescent tube 81 is a light guide plate.
82, and does not satisfy the total reflection condition.
The light propagates inside the light guide plate 82. Internal propagating light 88
Indicates that the light exit surface 82c of the light guide plate 82 is inclined toward the center.
The angle is emitted each time the light is totally reflected by the emission surface 82c.
It becomes steep by the inclination angle θ of the surface 82c, and exceeds the critical angle.
As a result, the emitted light 89 is emitted from the emission surface 82c.
On the other hand, propagation that is totally reflected by the emission surface 82c and reaches the back surface 82b
Light 88 breaks the total reflection condition due to the diffuse reflection pattern
Therefore, the light is emitted from the light emitting surface 84. [0008] Conventional edge light type
The illumination device emits light from the fluorescent tube and expands with a diffuse reflection pattern.
All the diffusely reflected rays are emitted to the light emitting surface side.
In some cases, internal propagation repeats again and strikes the fluorescent tube on the opposite surface.
At present, light loss occurs due to collision. This phenomenon
In order to reduce light emission, the output surface of the light guide plate is
Attempt to improve by reducing the thickness of the light guide plate toward
But it is still inadequate and light utilization is low.
There was a problem. In addition, the luminance in the normal direction is effectively improved.
For this purpose, a linear pre-
The linear prism plate
Pitch and electrode pitch of matrix display panel
Diffuse plate with high diffusivity because interference occurs if is not optimal
Or set the optimal pitch for each model and
The occurrence of interference was reduced. However, increasing the diffusion rate
The brightness in the line direction may be reduced, or
Manufacturing a linear prism mold increases costs
There was a problem such as becoming. Therefore, the present invention provides a high luminance and a luminance distribution.
Achieve a uniform, highly efficient lighting device with low profile and light weight
The purpose is to. [0011] The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of
Unit unit, and the unit unit includes a light source (7
1) and an incident surface on which light rays from the light source (71) are incident.
(72a), and as the distance from the entrance surface (72a) increases,
It is formed so as to be thin, and the incident light beam
A light guide plate (72) having an emission surface (72b) for emitting light
And reflects light rays forward along the light guide plate (72).
Reflecting surface (73) for emitting light rays forward.
The above unit units are stacked, and each unit unit is
The surface adjacent to each reflective surface (73) of the knit is the light emitting surface
It is a configuration. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the principle of the present invention.
FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a light source, 2 is a light guide plate, 2
a is an incident surface of the light guide plate 2; 2b is a back surface of the light guide plate 2;
The light exit surface of the light guide plate 2, 3 is a reflection surface, and 3a is a light source of the reflection surface 3.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a side wall surface, 4 denotes a light emitting surface, and 5 denotes a space. As shown in the figure, the lighting device according to the present invention
Is a light source 1 and an incident surface 2a on which a light beam from the light source 1 is incident.
And a light guide plate having an exit surface 2c from which an incident light beam exits
2 and on the back surface 2b side of the light guide plate 2
A reflecting surface 3 for reflecting light rays toward the light emitting surface 4 provided;
The light guide plate 2 is located on the side of the light guide plate 2.
As the distance from the light source 1 is increased, the light guide plate 2
The light exit surface 2c is formed so as to be thin, and the light guide plate 2
Faces the light source 1 with the light guide plate 2 of the reflecting surface 3 interposed therebetween.
Sandwiched between the reflective surface 3 and the light emitting surface 4 between the reflective side surface 3a
The space portion 5 is formed so that
To sign. Further, the light exit surface 2c of the light guide plate 2 has a rear surface 2b.
Is composed of multiple continuous planes with different inclination angles
The inclination angle of the plane on the tip side of the optical plate 2 is the inclination of the plane on the entrance surface 2a side.
It is characterized by being larger than the oblique angle. Further, the incident surface 2a of the light guide plate 2 is provided with irregularities.
It is characterized in that it has a diffused surface. Further, the back surface 2b of the light guide plate 2 serves as a diffusion surface.
It is characterized by that. Further, the light exit surface 2c of the light guide plate 2 serves as a diffusion surface.
It is characterized by having become. Further, the back surface 2b of the light guide plate 2 and the reflecting surface 3
Characterized by placing a transparent diffusion sheet between
You. Further, the reflecting surface 3 has an uneven surface.
And features. Further, the emitted light is directed to the light emitting side of the light emitting surface 4.
At least a linear prism plate for condensing light in the normal direction
Is also provided, and at least one of the
The axial direction of the near prism plate and the table arranged on the light emitting surface 4
Position relative to the direction of the matrix electrode pattern of the display device
Are arranged so that they are not parallel or orthogonal.
To sign. Another embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention is as follows.
Then, the lighting device according to the present invention is used as a unit unit.
Consists of multiple unit units, each unit
A plurality of unit units so that the optical surface 4 is on the same plane
It is characterized by being arranged in a plane. Further, still another lighting device according to the present invention
As an embodiment, the lighting device according to the present invention is a unit unit
Consists of multiple unit units,
A plurality of unit units are arranged so that the emitting surface 3 and the light emitting surface 4 are adjacent to each other.
And the side wall surface 3a side of the unit is a light emitting surface.
It is characterized by the following. FIG. 2 shows the operation of the lighting device according to the present invention.
FIG. In the figure, 1 is a light source, 2 is a light source.
A light guide plate for transmitting light, 2a is a light guide for receiving light from a light source.
The incident surface of the light plate 2, 2 b is the back surface of the light guide plate 2, and 2 c is the light guide plate
So that the thickness of 2 becomes thinner as the distance from the light source 1 increases,
The inside of the light guide plate 2 formed with an angle between the back surface b and θ.
The light exit surface from which the light propagating through the light exits, and 3 is the back of the light guide plate 2.
The light emitted from the back surface 2b facing the surface 2b is directed to the emission surface 2c.
The reflecting surface 3a faces the light source 1 with the light guide plate 2 interposed therebetween.
The side wall surface 4 of the reflecting surface 3 that transmits light from the light source 1 to the light guide plate 2
The light-emitting surface 5 that emits light through the light-emitting surface 2c, the reflecting surface 3,
A space portion between the side wall surface 3a and the light emitting surface 4;
1, the light from the light source 1 is directed toward the incident surface 2a of the light guide plate 2.
A reflecting mirror 7 for reflecting light enters the light guide plate 2 from the incident surface 2a.
8 propagated inside the light guide plate
Outgoing light emitted from the outgoing surface 2c;
It is a lighting device composed of: As shown in FIG. 1, a lighting device 1 according to the present invention.
At 0, the light emitted from the light source 1 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 6.
Light and the light that repeats multiple reflections with the light source 1 are combined with the direct light
Then, the light enters from the input surface 2 a of the light guide plate 2. Here, the light incident on the light guide plate 2 is
Incident at about ± 42 ° with respect to the normal to the incident surface
If the light guide plate surface is perpendicular to the incident surface,
The angle of the light beam reaching the light plate surface is in relation to the normal to the light guide plate surface.
Is about ± 48 ° or more and is totally reflected and propagates inside the light guide plate.
Sow. Therefore, the light guide plate surface is perpendicular to the incident surface.
If it is a surface, all of the propagating light faces the light source of the light guide plate
The light is emitted from the end face. However, the light guide of the lighting device 10 according to the present invention.
The thickness of the light guide plate 2 decreases with increasing distance from the light source 1.
So that the angle formed with the back surface 2b is θ
2c is formed to be inclined, so that the light enters from the incident surface 2a.
The emitted propagating light 7 is emitted every time it is totally reflected by the emission surface 2c.
The angle with respect to the surface 2c becomes steep by the inclination angle θ. Soshi
Then, while the reflection is repeated, a part of the propagating light 7
And exits from the exit surface 2c to the light-emitting surface 4;
The propagation is repeated as the propagation light 7. Further, the propagating light 7 is
Partially emitted from the surface 2b, but reflected from the back surface 2b
The light is reflected by the surface 3 toward the light emitting surface 4. The light emitted from the front end side of the light guide plate 2
The light 8 directly reaches the light emitting surface 4 and does not directly reach the light emitting surface 4.
From the light emitting surface 4 after being reflected by the side wall surface 3a of the reflecting surface 3
Some emit light. Here, the end of the light guide plate away from the light source
If the reflective side is provided adjacent to the
The number of rays reflected on the surface increases and the ray loss rate increases
Or directly from the light guide plate to the light emitting surface
Light reaching the light-emitting surface after being reflected by the reaching light beam and the reflective side surface
Light rays overlap at a part slightly inside the end of the light emitting surface.
This causes a difference in the luminance distribution. However, in the lighting device 10 according to the present invention,
Open the space between the tip of the light guide plate 2 and the side wall surface 3a.
Between the light guide plate 2 and the side wall surface 3a.
By arranging the space portion 5 sandwiched between the
Most of the outgoing light 8 emitted from the
It can emit light, make the brightness distribution uniform, and reduce light loss
It is reduced and becomes highly efficient. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure which shows an Example, (a) figure is sectional drawing, (b) figure is book.
It is a figure showing the luminance distribution of the lighting installation of an example. In FIG. 3A, reference numeral 11 denotes a fluorescent tube;
Is a light guide plate, 12a is an incident surface of the light guide plate 12, and 12b is a light guide.
A rear surface of the plate 12, 12c 'is a first light exit surface of the light guide plate 12,
12c ″ is the second emission surface, 13 is the reflection surface, and 14 is light emission
Surface, 15 is a space, 16 is a reflecting mirror, 20 is those
It is a lighting device composed of: As shown in FIG. 3A, the illumination of this embodiment
The device is partially mirrored by a reflector 16 to collect the emitted light in one direction.
The incident surface 12 is located on the light emitting side of the fluorescent tube 11 surrounded by a circle.
The light guide plate 12 is arranged so that a faces the light source 11.
I have. As the thickness of the light guide plate 12 is increased away from the light source 11,
Therefore, the exit surface is inclined so as to be thin, and the exit surface is
A first angle θ1 is formed with respect to the back surface 12b on the light source 11 side.
The angle θ with respect to the emission surface 12c ′ and the back surface 12b on the tip side
2, the second emission surface 12c ", and θ2 is equal to θ1.
The first exit surface 12c 'and the second exit surface
The boundary with 12c "is chamfered and curved.
A reflecting surface 13 facing the back surface 12b of the light guide plate 12;
The side wall surface 13a of the reflection surface 13 is arranged on the side facing the light source 11.
And a light emitting surface 14 is provided on the side facing the reflection surface 13.
Have been. Then, the tip of the light guide plate 12 and the side wall surface 13a
A gap is provided between the light guide plates 12 and the light exit surface 12 of the light guide plate 12.
c ′, 12c ″, reflection surface 13 and side wall surface 13a, and light emission
A space 15 surrounded by the surface 14 is provided. As in this embodiment, the shape of the light guide plate 12 is
With respect to the back surface 12b of the first emission surface 12c 'on the source 11 side
The inclination angle θ1 and the back surface 1 of the second exit surface 12c ″ on the tip side
2b is different from the inclination angle θ2, and the angle of θ2 is
By forming so that the degree is larger than θ1,
Emitted light can be dispersed and emitted without concentrating on the tip
As a result, the light utilization rate is improved, and
Of the light guide plate 12 can be made uniform.
Is easier to machine than a sharp tip,
The yield can be improved due to reduced loss and easy handling.
Can be. FIG. 3B shows the illumination device of this embodiment.
Here, the angle θ1 is changed while the angle θ2 is kept constant (θ2>
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a luminance distribution when (i.
A line 401 indicates a case where the angle θ1 is small, and a broken line 402 indicates
This shows a case where the angle θ1 is large. When the angle θ1 is small as shown in FIG.
Indicates that the light emitted from the first exit surface 12c 'is small and the light is guided.
Since the light propagates to the tip side of the plate 12, the light is emitted at the tip side.
When the angle θ1 is large
Increases the amount of light emitted from the first emission surface 12c ',
On the other hand, the amount of light emitted from the second emission surface 12c "decreases.
Therefore, the luminance distribution becomes uniform. However, the brightness on the tip side
The degree distribution increases and decreases in a similar manner in proportion to the angle θ1. The reflecting surface 13 may be a diffusing surface or a mirror surface.
The reflecting surface 13 is a diffusion surface.
The light emitted from the back surface 12b of the light guide plate 12 is diffused.
Therefore, the amount of light emitted near the light source 11 increases,
This makes it possible to achieve a uniform luminance distribution. FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure which shows an Example, (a) figure is sectional drawing, (b) figure is book.
It is a figure showing the luminance distribution of the lighting installation of an example. In FIG. 3A, reference numeral 21 denotes a fluorescent tube;
Is a light guide plate, 22a is an incident surface of the light guide plate 22, and 22b is a diffusion surface.
The back surface of the light guide plate 22 on which the reflection pattern is printed, 22c '
Is a first emission surface of the light guide plate 22 provided with the shape diffusion portion,
22c ″ is a second light exit surface, 23 is a reflective surface, and 24 is light emission
Surface, 25 is a space, 26 is a reflecting mirror, 30 is
It is a lighting device composed of: As shown in FIG. 3A, the illumination of this embodiment
The device differs from the first embodiment in the shape of the light guide plate 22 and is different from the first embodiment.
The first emission surface 22c 'is a flat surface provided with a shape diffusion portion.
And a diffuse reflection pattern is also printed on the back surface 22b.
You. As in this embodiment, the back 22b and the first
The projection surface 22c 'has a shape diffusion portion having an uneven surface,
Providing a diffuse reflection pattern printed with color paint, etc.
Thereby, the luminance distribution can be made uniform. Here, the shape diffusion portion and the diffuse reflection pattern
The positions where the switches are provided are respectively the back surface 22b and the first outlet.
It is not limited to the projecting surface 22c ',
Surface 22b or a diffuse reflection pattern
It is possible to provide it on the launch surface 22c '. In addition, spread
The print pattern is the area to be printed according to the distance from the light source.
Changing the weighting can improve the brightness distribution,
The illumination device is relatively small, and the angle of inclination of the exit surface of the light guide plate is small.
If it is large, it does not matter if it is not weighted
No. FIG. 2B shows the illumination device of this embodiment.
In this case, only the rear surface 22b of the light guide plate 22 is weighted.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a luminance distribution when a diffuse reflection pattern is printed.
The broken line 403 indicates the light emitted from the first emission surface 22c '.
The luminance distribution by the line, the one-dot chain line 404 is the second emission surface 22
c "is a luminance distribution due to light rays emitted from
Reference numeral 5 denotes the overall luminance distribution obtained by combining them. As shown in the figure, the back surface 22b is weighted.
When the diffused reflection pattern is provided, the brightness distribution becomes uniform.
And adopt a configuration as shown in this embodiment.
Lighting system with high light utilization and uniform brightness distribution
can do. FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure showing an example. In the figure, 31 is a fluorescent tube, 32 is a light guide
The plate 32a has an uneven surface whose axis is parallel to the fluorescent tube 31.
The light incident surface of the light guide plate 32, the back surface 32b of the light guide plate 32,
2c 'is the first exit surface of the light guide plate 32, and 32c "is the light guide plate
32 is a second emission surface, 33 is a reflection surface, 34 is a light emission surface, 3
5 is a space part, 36 is a reflecting mirror, 37 is a diffuse reflection pattern.
40 is a printed transparent diffuse reflection sheet;
It is a lighting device composed of the above. As shown in the figure, the lighting device of this embodiment is
The shape of the light guide plate 32 differs from those of the first and second embodiments.
The axis is parallel to the fluorescent tube 31 on the incident surface 32a of the light guide plate 32.
An irregular corrugated surface is provided. Further, the light guide plate 32
On the back surface 32b side, between the back surface 32b and the reflection surface 33,
Transparent diffuse reflection sheet with diffuse reflection pattern printed
Is provided. This embodiment is suitable for a relatively small backlight.
And a wave shape whose axis is parallel to the fluorescent tube 31 on the incident surface 32a.
Is provided from the incident surface 32a.
The propagation direction of the light beam is such that the incident surface 32a is
At least about ± 42 ° from the normal when perpendicular
Becomes possible. Therefore, the emission in the vicinity of the fluorescent tube 31
It is possible to increase the amount of light. Further, the back surface 32b
Diffuse reflection sheet 37 provided between
The luminance distribution can be made more uniform. FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure which shows an Example, (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is a figure.
It is a top view explaining the arrangement method of a near prism plate. In the figure, 41 is a fluorescent tube, 42 is a light guide.
Plate 42a is an incident surface of the light guide plate 42, and 42b is a diffuse reflection plate.
The back of the light guide plate 42 on which the turns are printed, 42c 'is the light guide
The first exit surface of the plate 42, 42c "is the second exit surface of the light guide plate 42.
Emission surface, 43 is a reflection surface, 43a is a side wall surface of the reflection surface 43,
44 is a light emitting surface, 45 is a space, 46 is a reflecting mirror, and 47 is a mirror.
Near prism plate, 48 is a diffusion sheet, 50 is it
It is a lighting device composed of the above. As shown in the figure, the lighting device of this embodiment is
The shape of the reflection surface 43 and the side wall surface 43a of the reflection surface 43 is
Unlike the first to third embodiments, the reflection surface 43 and the side wall surface 43 are different.
a is not orthogonal to the reflection surface 43 and the side wall surface 43a.
Are continuously formed with a curved surface. Further, the light guide plate 3
2 has a weighted diffuse reflection pattern printed on the back surface 32b.
Printed on the light emitting surface 44 in the direction normal to the emitted light.
The linear prism plate 47 for giving directivity is
Matrix of display device (not shown) arranged on axis and upper part
So that the axial direction of the electrode is not orthogonal or parallel
Are located. Also, on the upper part of the linear prism plate 47
Is a diffusion printing pattern printed on the back surface 42b of the light guide plate 42.
The diffusion sheet 48 is arranged so that the
I have. As in this embodiment, the reflection surface 43 and the side wall surface 4
When 3a is formed by a continuous curved surface, the light exiting from the light guide plate 42 is formed.
The loss of light is reduced, the light utilization is improved, and
The degree distribution can be made uniform. FIG. 7B shows a linear prism plate 47.
FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating a method of disposing a linear prism plate.
The prism axis 47a of the display 47 is an orthogonal matrix of the display device.
Parallel to any of the electrodes 49a and 49b, or
In order not to be orthogonal, the inclination is an angle φ (0 ° <φ <90 °).
It is arranged to become. Thus a linear prism
By arranging the plate 47, the display image quality is reduced due to interference.
Lowering can be prevented. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the directional characteristics of the light guide plate (part thereof).
1), (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is a light beam emission.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an angle and relative luminance. In FIG. 6A, reference numeral 51 denotes a firefly serving as a light source.
The light tube 52 is a light guide plate disposed on the side of the fluorescent tube 51.
2a is an incident surface of the light guide plate 52 facing the fluorescent tube 51;
b is the back surface of the light guide plate 52, 52c is the angle θ with the back surface 52b.
The light emitting surface of the light guide plate 52 to be formed, 54 surrounds the fluorescent tube 51.
, A reflecting mirror 58, propagating light inside the light guide plate 51,
59 is an outgoing light emitted from the outgoing surface 59c and has an angle θ
Is set to 10 °. The following have the same function
Are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. In the figure, a fluorescent tube 51 serving as a light source is shown.
, A reflecting mirror 54 surrounding it, and a light guide plate 52 only.
No reflective surface is provided. FIG. 8B shows the light guide plate tip side in this case.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a directivity distribution characteristic with respect to a light source side, and a solid line 406 is
The characteristics on the tip side and the broken line 407 indicate the characteristics on the light source side.
You. As shown in FIG.
If not, the width of the directivity is almost
No change, but as shown by the broken line 407,
It can be seen that the amount of emitted light is small and there are many small angle components. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the directional characteristics of the light guide plate (the
2), (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is a light beam emission.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an angle and relative luminance. In FIG. 6A, reference numeral 53 denotes a light guide plate 52.
With a reflecting surface disposed below and facing the back surface 52b.
is there. The angle θ is set to 10 °. In the figure, a fluorescent tube 51 serving as a light source is shown.
, A reflecting mirror 54 surrounding it, a light guide plate 52, and a light guide plate 5
2 comprising a reflection surface 53 provided below
(B) shows the case where the reflection surface 53 is a mirror surface and the case where the reflection surface 53 is a diffuse reflection surface
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the respective directional distribution characteristics of FIG.
8 shows the characteristic when the reflection surface 53 is a mirror surface,
This shows characteristics when the emitting surface 53 is a diffuse reflection surface. As shown in the figure, the reflecting surface 53 is a mirror surface.
, The luminance peak as shown by the solid line 408
Is the same as when nothing is provided, but the range of directivity is large.
You can see that it is getting worse. This is the back of the light guide plate 52
The light beam emitted from the light emitting surface 52b
This is because the light is emitted steeply by the angle θ.
Furthermore, when the reflection surface 53 is a diffuse reflection surface,
As shown by 409, the luminance peak falls,
It can be seen that the range of sex has become larger. This is the outgoing
The light 59 is dispersed and emitted from each part of the emission surface 52c.
This is because the luminance distribution on the light emitting surface is improved. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the directional characteristics of the light guide plate (the diagram thereof).
3), (a) is a perspective view, and (b) is a light beam emission.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an angle and relative luminance. In FIG. 9A, reference numeral 55 denotes a light guide plate 52.
Weighting disposed between the back surface 52b and the reflecting surface 53
Diffuse reflection system printed with a diffuse reflection pattern
It is. The angle θ is set to 10 °.
In the drawing, a fluorescent tube 51 serving as a light source and surrounding it are shown.
A reflecting mirror 54, a light guide plate 52, and a reflecting surface 53 having a mirror surface
Disposed between the rear surface 52 b of the light guide plate 52 and the reflection surface 53.
And the diffused reflection sheet 55 provided. FIG. 9B shows the back surface 52 b of the light projecting plate 52.
A diffuse reflection sheet 55 is arranged between the reflection surfaces 53 formed of mirror surfaces.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a directional distribution characteristic when the dashed line is provided;
The characteristics are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
A diffuse reflection sheet 5 between the back surface 52b of the first member 52 and the reflection surface 53;
5, the reflection surface 53 in FIG.
Similar to the broken line 409 in the case of a reflecting surface, the solid line 410
As shown in the figure, the luminance peak decreases, but the
You can see that it is getting worse. This is because the emitted light 59 is emitted
This is because the light is dispersed and emitted from each part of the surface 52c.
As a result, the luminance distribution on the light emitting surface is improved. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the directional characteristics of the light guide plate (the figure).
4), wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a light beam output.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a firing angle and relative luminance. In FIG. 9A, reference numeral 56 denotes the light guide plate 52.
The axial direction between the back surface 52b and the reflecting surface 53 is the fluorescent tube 51.
The uneven surface so as to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the light guide plate 52.
It is a linear prism plate arranged toward. Also the corner
Degree θ is set to 10 °. In FIG.
Fluorescent tube 51, reflecting mirror 54 surrounding it, and light guide plate
52, a reflecting surface 53 having a mirror surface, and a back surface of the light guide plate 52
Linear prism plate disposed between 52b and reflective surface 53
56. FIG. 8B shows the back surface 52 b of the light guide plate 52.
A linear prism plate 56 is provided between the reflecting surfaces 53 formed of mirror surfaces.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a directional distribution characteristic in a case where the antennas are arranged, and is indicated by a solid line 41.
1, the characteristics are shown. As shown in FIG.
A linear prism between the back surface 52b of the plate 52 and the reflection surface 53
In the case where the plate 56 is provided, as shown by a solid line 411,
And increase the amount of light emitted from the light source.
And the luminance distribution is improved. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the directivity characteristics of the light guide plate (the
5), wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a top view of the light beam.
The relationship between the emission angle in the lateral direction and the
FIG. In FIG. 11A, reference numeral 57 denotes a fluorescent tube.
The axial direction is between the fluorescent tube 5 and the incident surface 52a of the light guide plate 52.
1 is made perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the light guide plate 52.
It is a linear prism plate arranged toward the side. Also,
The angle θ is set to 10 °. In FIG.
A fluorescent tube 51 serving as a source, a reflecting mirror 54 surrounding the fluorescent tube 51, and a light guide
A plate 52, a reflecting surface 53 having a mirror surface, and a fluorescent tube 51 are connected.
A linear prism disposed between the incident surfaces 52a of the light plates 52;
And a memory plate 57. FIG. 7B shows the relationship between the fluorescent tube 51 and the light guide plate 52.
When the linear prism plate 57 is disposed between the incident surfaces 52a
Vertical direction (angle
α) and directional distribution characteristics in the left-right direction (angle β).
The solid line 412 indicates the upper and lower directions when the prism plate 57 is provided.
The dashed line 413 indicates the case where the prism-357 is not provided.
The solid line 414 indicates the prism plate 57
The solid line 415 indicates the characteristics in the left-right direction when the prism is provided.
This shows the characteristics in the left-right direction when the plate 57 is not provided.
As shown in the figure, the linear prism plate 57 is
The fluorescent tube 51 and the fluorescent tube 51 are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the light tube 51.
An uneven surface is formed between the light guide plate 5 and the incident surface 52a of the light guide plate 52.
The characteristic in the left-right direction when it is arranged toward the second side is indicated by a broken line 4.
When the linear prism plate 57 indicated by 15 is not provided
Compared with, the width of directivity because the light beam in the left and right direction is narrowed down
Is smaller and the brightness is improved due to the concentrated light rays
I do. FIG. 12 shows a fifth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure which shows an Example, (a) figure is a top view, (b) figure is a figure.
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG.
(A) It is a fragmentary sectional view in the BB 'line of a figure. In the figure, reference numeral 61 denotes a fluorescent tube serving as a light source;
Reference numeral 62 denotes a light guide plate made of a transparent body, and 62a denotes an input of the light guide plate 62.
Launch surface, 62b prints a weighted diffuse reflection pattern
The rear surface of the light guide plate 62 and the rear surface 62c have an angle θ with the rear surface 62b.
The light exit surface of the light guide plate 62 formed so as to form
The reflection side surface at the end of the light plate 62, 63 is the back surface 62 of the light guide plate 62.
b, the reflecting surface 63a is provided at the center of the reflecting surface 63.
Convex reflecting surface, 64 is a light emitting surface, 65 is a space, and 66 is a firefly.
A reflecting mirror surrounding the light pipe 61; 67, a linear prism plate;
Is a diffusion sheet, 69 is a light shielding unit, and 70 is
It is a lighting device to be formed. As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the book
The lighting device 70 of the embodiment is similar to that of the first to fourth embodiments.
Such a lighting device as a unit unit,
The light sources are arranged in a plane, and four fluorescent tubes that serve as light sources
61 are provided on four sides surrounded by a reflector 66,
61 four independent light guide plates corresponding to each side
62 are provided. The shape of each light guide plate 62
First, the angle formed by the launch surface 62c and the back surface 62b is θ.
It is inclined to the end side, and its width narrows toward the tip side.
In addition, the rear surface 62b has an enlarged area weighted in consideration of the luminance distribution.
The diffuse reflection pattern is printed. Back surface 6 of light guide plate 62
The reflecting surface 63 below 2b has four light guides at its center.
A quadrangular pyramid-shaped convex reflection at the space 65 where the tip of the plate 62 faces
A surface 63a is provided. On the light emitting surface 64, a linear
A display (not shown) in which the rhythm board 67 is disposed above the rhythm board 67
The axial direction of the matrix electrode of the device and the linear prism plate
67 are not orthogonal or parallel to each other.
Have been. Furthermore, on the upper part of the linear prism plate 67,
Diffuse reflection pattern printed on back surface 62b of light guide plate 62
The diffusion sheet 68 is arranged so that
You. Further, as shown in FIG.
The light plate 62 is used for the light rays propagating in the light guide plate 62 to emit light from the other fluorescent tubes
Each light guide plate 62 is independent so that it does not return in one direction
So that there is a space between the individual light guide plates 62.
Are provided to form a light shielding portion 69. And the light guide plate 5
The end face 2 is provided with a reflecting side face 62d so that no light beam is emitted.
The reflected light advances to the light emitting surface 64 side in the reflecting side surface 62d.
It is inclined as shown. The illumination device 70 shown in this embodiment has a high luminance.
Suitable for large lighting equipment required, the first to fourth
The lighting device as shown in the embodiment is used as a unit,
By arranging several unit units in a plane,
High-brightness lighting with high light utilization while maintaining a uniform intensity distribution
It can be a device. Further, as in this embodiment, the light guide plate 62 is
The configuration in which the four light guide plates 62 are arranged separately from each other is efficient.
Although lightly advantageous, the light guide plate 62 is integrated without being separated.
Efficiency is improved to some extent. Further, of the unit units arranged in a plane,
The number is not limited here, and two unit
According to the required specifications of lighting equipment, such as
The configuration can be changed. Further, in the present embodiment,
The diffuse reflection pattern on the back surface 62b of the light guide plate 62.
Printing to make the luminance distribution uniform, but the
The means of unification is not limited to this embodiment.
Alternatively, the above-described means shown in FIGS.
It is possible. FIG. 13 shows a sixth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure showing an example and is a partial sectional view of a lighting installation. In the figure, 71 is a fluorescent tube, and 72 is a light guide.
Plate, 72a is an incident surface of the light guide plate 72, and 72b is a light guide plate 72.
73, a reflecting surface, 74 is a reflecting mirror, and 75 is a diffusing surface.
80 is a lighting device composed of them.
You. As shown in the figure, the lighting device 8 of this embodiment
0 is a unit of the lighting device as shown in the first to fourth embodiments.
Place a plurality of unit units vertically as units and
The side surface of the light guide plate 72 in the knit and the reflection surface 73 are adjacent to each other.
So that the light emitting surface is opposite to the surface facing the fluorescent tube 71.
are doing. The light exit surface 72b and the reflection surface 7 of the light guide plate 72 are also provided.
3 is 30 °, and the light guide plate 72 is made of acrylic.
It is formed of resin. And the luminance distribution on the light emitting surface side
Diffusion sheet so that the reflection surface 73 is not visible
And a light guide plate 72 of one unit unit.
Of the outgoing light emitted from the outgoing surface 72b of the
Except for those that reach
The light is reflected by the reflection surface 73 and proceeds to the diffusion sheet 75.
ing. The lighting device 80 shown in this embodiment has high brightness.
Suitable for large lighting equipment required, the first to fourth
The lighting device as shown in the embodiment is used as a unit,
By arranging several unit units vertically,
Uniform degree distribution, high light directivity, high light utilization
A high-luminance lighting device can be provided. FIG. 14 shows a seventh embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure showing an example and is a partial sectional view of a lighting installation. In the figure, 71 'is a fluorescent tube, and 72' is a fluorescent tube.
The light guide plate, 72a 'is the entrance surface of the light guide plate 72', and 72b 'is
Outgoing surface of light guide plate 727, 73 'is a reflective surface, 74' is a reflective surface
Mirror, 75 'is the diffusion sheet, 80' is composed of them
Lighting device. As shown in the figure, the lighting device 8 of this embodiment
0 'differs from the seventh embodiment in the shape of the light guide plate 72',
The cross-sectional shape of the light plate 72 'is formed so as to be substantially an isosceles triangle.
And two emission surfaces 72b 'are provided with the apex inserted.
I have. The angle θ of the apex angle is 30 ° as in the sixth embodiment.
It is. The lighting device 80 ′ shown in this embodiment has a sixth
The directivity of the light beam is further improved than the embodiment, and the light beam utilization rate is improved.
Lighting device with high brightness and high brightness. FIG. 15 shows an eighth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention.
It is a figure showing an example and is a partial sectional view of a lighting installation. In the figure, reference numeral 71 "denotes a fluorescent tube, and 72" denotes a fluorescent tube.
The light guide plate, 72a ″ is the entrance surface of the light guide plate 72 ″, and 72b ″ is
Outgoing surface of light guide plate 72 ", 73" is reflective surface, 74 "is reflective
Mirror, 75 "is the diffusion sheet, 80" is composed of them
Lighting device. As shown in the figure, the lighting device 8 of this embodiment
0 ″ is the same as in the sixth and seventh embodiments,
The method is different, the side of the light guide plate 72 "in the unit and the reflection
Stack the unit units diagonally so that the faces 73 "are adjacent
The emission surface 72b "of the light guide plate 72" is a light emission surface.
ing. The angle θ of the apex angle is 30 as in the sixth embodiment.
°. The lighting device 80 ″ shown in this embodiment is the sixth device.
And can be made thinner than the seventh embodiment,
High-brightness, low-profile lighting devices with high light utilization
it can. FIGS. 16 and 17 show a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
Illumination device 100 is shown. The lighting device 100 is similar to the lighting device 70 of FIG.
The lighting device 70 shown in FIG.
The configuration differs in the following points, and based on this different configuration
It has features. The structure of the diffusion pattern 101 on the back surface of the light guide plate
Success. Between the light guide plate and the normal linear prism plate
, A special linear prism plate 102 is provided. 16 and 17, reference numeral 105 denotes a linear light source.
This is the fluorescent tube. Reference numeral 106 denotes a light guide plate,
06a, having a horizontal back surface 106b and an emission surface 106c
You. 106d is a tip. The light guide plate 106 is provided on the incident surface 1.
The emission in which the thickness t decreases as the distance from the area 06a increases
The surface 106c is inclined at an angle θ with respect to the back surface 106b.
Surface. The light guide plate 106 has a wedge shape and a cross section.
It is a right triangle. 107 is a reflection plate, and the light guide plate 10
6 below. Reference numeral 108 denotes a counterpart surrounding the fluorescent tube 105.
It is a mirror. Reference numeral 109 denotes a space, and the light guide plate 106 is tilted.
Above the inclined exit surface 106c and at the tip 106d
Present ahead. Reference numeral 110 denotes a normal linear prism plate,
The space 1 is disposed above the light guide plate 106 and below the light guide plate 106.
09 is formed. Normal linear prism plate 110
As shown in FIG. 18, a roof-shaped
It has a structure in which the linear prisms 111 are aligned. This normal
The linear prism plate 110 has a linear shape as shown in FIG.
Orientation with the surface on which the prism 111 is formed facing upward
And the longitudinal direction of the linear prism 111 is
Clockwise with respect to the direction perpendicular to (represented by line 112)
At an angle α. This normal linear pre
As shown in FIG. 18, the expansion plate 110 has a large spread.
The incident light 113 is normally converted to the normal 1 of the linear prism plate 110.
It acts to converge and emit light in the direction of 14. Out
The degree of collection of the emitted light 115 is about ± 40 degrees. Reference numeral 116 denotes a diffusion sheet, which is usually a linear
It is located on the top side of the rhythm board 110, and is usually
The light from the stimulating plate 110 is diffused. Diffusion sheet 116
Is the light emitting surface 117 of the lighting device 100. Next, the characteristic configuration of the lighting device 100 will be described.
Will be described. First, the diffusion pattern 101 will be described.
You. The diffusion pattern 101 is coated with white ink.
Small part, ie white ink as diffusion element
In a configuration in which the coating small partition portions 120 are arranged in a predetermined pattern.
is there. Light incident on the white ink-coated small partition 120
The lines are diffused. The white ink-applied small partition 120 is
As shown by a line I in FIG.
b, especially high density near the incident surface 106a
It is formed with. In other words, the white ink-coated small compartment
120 is near the entrance surface 106a of the light guide plate 106.
Weighted so that the printing area is particularly large
It is. The diffusion pattern 101 is particularly suitable for the incident surface 106a.
Acts to diffuse a lot of light in the vicinity, especially
You. Next, the special linear prism plate 102 will be described.
Will be explained. The special linear prism plate 102 is shown in FIG.
As shown, a roof-shaped linear prism with an apex angle of 140 degrees
Of three roofs 121 with three vertical angles of 70 degrees
It has a structure in which the linear prisms 122 are arranged in one ratio.
You. This special linear prism plate 102 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 17, linear prisms 121 and 122 are formed.
Prism 1 in a direction in which the surface on which the
21 (122) is perpendicular to the line 112.
Intersect, that is, the direction parallel to the fluorescent tube 105.
Above the light guide plate 106 and above the normal linear
It is provided on the lower part of the rhythm board 110. Usually linear
Between the prism plate 110 and the special linear prism plate 102
Has an air space 129. As shown in FIG. 20, a line having an apex angle of 70 degrees
The prism 122 totally reflects the incident light beam 123 and
Acts to transmit light upward as indicated by reference numeral 124.
You. The linear prism 121 having an apex angle of 140 degrees
125 is a special linear prism in the linear prism 121
So that it is incident on the upper surface 102a of the plate 102 at a critical angle or more.
The incident light beam 126 is reflected by the upper surface 102a.
The light beam 127 totally reflected on the upper surface 102a
Illumination from the linear prism plate 102 as indicated by 128
The space 10 is directed obliquely downward toward the center of the device 100.
9 and return to the interior of the space 109.
To the surface of the special linear prism plate 102.
Act like Here, the linear prism 121 is connected to the fluorescent tube 1
The direction is parallel to 05. Therefore, the above light 1
28 is efficiently directed toward the center of the lighting device 100.
It is. That is, the special linear prism 102
To improve light propagation in the direction of the center of 00
The longitudinal direction of the prism 121 (122) is
It is set to be parallel. Next, the operation of the lighting apparatus 100 having the above configuration will be described.
The operation will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 21, arrows indicate light rays, and thicknesses of the arrows.
Indicates the amount of light, and the thicker the light, the greater the amount of light. fluorescence
Light 130 from the tube 105 is transmitted from the entrance surface 106a to the light guide plate.
The light enters the inside of the light guide 106 and faces the tip 106 d of the light guide plate 106.
Due to the distribution of the diffusion pattern 101, the light guide plate 106
Most of the incident light is near the incident surface 106a.
Spread. Thereby, the incident surface of the exit surface 106b
A lot of light 131 is emitted from near 106a. remaining
Light 132 propagates toward the tip 106d of the light guide plate 106.
Sow. The light quantity of the light 132 is originally small and is in the middle of propagation
However, light 133 and 134 are diffused from the exit surface 106b.
Since the light is emitted, the light traveling toward the tip 106d is denoted by reference numeral 13
5,136, less than the tip 106d
The amount of the emitted light 137 is small. This
Of the light emitting surface 117 at the tip 106 d of the light guide plate 106.
The inconvenience of the corresponding parts being particularly bright has been resolved
You. The light 131 is a special linear prism.
Incident on the memory plate 102. Special linear prism plate 102
Only a part of the light 140 transmitted through
Outgoing upward, the remaining light 141 is reflected, and
09 is returned. The above light 133 and 134 are also partially
Of the special linear prism plate 102
The light passes through the inside and exits upward, and the remaining light 144, 145
Is reflected back into the space 109. Space part 10
The light 141, 144, 145 returned into the
The light is reflected by the emission surface 106c of the light plate 106, etc.
The light enters the linear prism plate 102, and is partially transmitted and
And the rest is reflected back into the space 109 again.
It is. The above operation is repeatedly performed, and the special linear
From the upper surface 102a of the aprism plate 102, a special linear
A substantially constant amount of light is emitted over the entire surface of the prism plate 102.
Shoot. For this reason, the light emitting surface 117 is entirely
Has a uniform brightness over the entire area. Protruding above the special linear prism plate 102
The emitted light normally enters the linear prism plate 110,
As shown by reference numeral 145, the light is condensed in the normal direction and emitted.
Then, the light is further diffused by the diffusion sheet 116 and
As shown, the light is emitted from the light emitting surface 117. Thus, the light emitting surface 11 of the lighting device 100
7 is a portion corresponding to the tip 106d of the light guide plate 106,
No high-luminance part appears compared to its surroundings, and fluorescent light
A portion with high brightness appears also in the portion near the tube 105
Good brightness distribution with brightness almost constant over the entire surface
Having. Next, the above-mentioned lighting device 100 is mounted on a liquid crystal panel.
LCD device when used as a backlight
Will be described. In FIG. 17, reference numeral 150 denotes a liquid crystal panel,
It is arranged above the lighting device 100. The liquid crystal panel 150 has an X extending in the X direction.
A direction display electrode 151 and a Y direction display electrode extending in the Y direction.
And a pole 152. In FIG. 17, it is orthogonal to the fluorescent tube 105.
The line 112 extends in the X direction. Here, when viewed from the front of the liquid crystal display device
Of the linear prisms 111, 121, 122
The positional relationship with respect to the electrodes 151 and 152 will be described. The linear prism 111 and the linear prism 12
1, 122 intersect at an angle (90-α) degrees. This
Therefore, the linear prism 111 and the linear prisms 121, 1
22 and no moiré fringes occur. The linear prism 111 and the display electrode 15
1,152 intersects at about 45 degrees. Because of this, the line
Prism 111 and display electrodes 151 and 152 interfere with each other.
And moire fringes do not occur. Next, a modification of the ninth embodiment will be described.
I will tell. The special linear prism shown in FIGS. 16 and 17
The linear prism 121 and the linear prism 122 of the plate 102
May be set to a ratio other than 3: 1, for example, 4: 1.
No. FIG. 22 shows a linear prism 121 and a linear pre-
Special linear prism with a ratio of 4: 1
Shown is plate 102A. The prism plate 102A is provided with the prism
More light is propagated in the plane direction than the film plate 102. Further, the special linear prism plate 102
Instead, a special lenticular plate 160 shown in FIG.
Provided with the surface of the semi-cylindrical lens facing downward
It can be configured. The special lenticular plate 160 has a height h.
1. For three lens-shaped lenses 161 with radius r1
And the height is h2 and the radius is r2.
Are structures arranged in one ratio. h2> h1, r2
> R1. As can be seen from the path of the ray 163,
The concave lens 162 is configured to transmit light rays upward.
Works. As can be seen from the path of the ray 164,
This lens 161 returns the light rays downward,
To propagate in the plane direction of the special lenticular plate 160
Act on. Next, a lighting device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The device 200 will be described with reference to FIG. In the tenth to twentieth embodiments, the light guide plate is used.
The rear of the device is devised to make the luminance distribution uniform.
is there. In FIG. 24, reference numeral 201 denotes fluorescent light as a linear light source.
It is a light. 202 is a light guide plate, both of which are horizontal
202a and exit surface 202b, and both incident perpendicular
It has a surface 202c and a tip surface 202d. 203 is reflection
The light guide plate 202 is disposed on the rear surface 202a side of the light guide plate 202.
You. Reference numeral 204 denotes a reflection surface, which is an upper surface of the reflection plate 203.
You. 205 is a reflector, which surrounds the fluorescent lamp 201
You. Reference numeral 206 denotes a light emitting surface of the lighting device 200. 207 is
It is a groove that forms a main part of the present invention, and
2a, a direction parallel to the incident surface 202c (in FIG.
(In a straight direction) and many are aligned. Groove 2
07 is located at the central portion 202a-1 of the rear surface 202a.
About the central part 202a-1
The pitch becomes narrower as it deviates, and the part closer to the entrance surface
In the part 202a-2 and the part 202a-3 near the tip surface,
Distribute in a distribution aligned with a pitch P2 narrower than the pitch P1
is there. The groove 207 is enlarged as shown in FIG.
The two inclined planes 208 and 209
It becomes. The inclined planes 208 and 209 are both
At a predetermined angle θ. Angle θ is about 30 degrees,
The angle at which the incoming light does not return to the fluorescent lamp 201 side
is there. Here, the operation of the groove 207 will be described.
You. The light exits from the fluorescent lamp 201 and enters the incident surface 202c.
Part of the light incident on the light guide plate 202 is directed toward the groove 207.
U. The light directed to the groove 207 strikes the inclined plane 208 at an angle
Classified into three types of rays 210, 211 and 212
it can. Ray 210 is totally reflected at inclined plane 208 and
It becomes the line 210a and goes to the emission surface 202b. Ray 21
Reference numeral 1 denotes a groove which enters the groove 207 and is reflected by the reflection surface 204 of the reflection plate 203.
The light is reflected and enters the light guide plate 202 again from the inclined plane 209.
The light rays 211a travel toward the emission surface 202b. light
Line 212 exits into groove 207 and slopes across groove 207
The light enters the light guide plate 202 again from the plane 209,
a, and heads in the direction of the front end surface 202d. like this
The groove 207 extends in the light guide plate 202 toward the back surface 202a.
Efficiently travels in the direction of the emission surface 202b.
Acts to let. Conventionally, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-165504.
As described above, the groove corresponding to the groove 207 is located on the bottom surface of the light guide plate.
Are arranged at a uniform pitch over the entire surface of the
The condition of the inclined surface is that all light incident on the groove is totally reflected.
It was. Therefore, the luminance distribution of the light emitting surface is as shown in FIG.
Inside, as shown by the broken line II, the portion near the incident surface 202c
And the portion near the front end surface 202d has reduced brightness.
Tended to be. In this embodiment, the groove 207 is formed as described above.
Since the light is arranged in such a distribution, the light traveling toward the emission surface 202b is
Of the portion 202a-2 near the incident surface and the portion near the front end surface.
In the portion 202a-3, there are many
Of the light emitting surface 206, the portion near the incident surface and the tip surface
The brightness of the closer part is increased. As a result, lighting
The luminance of the light emitting surface 206 of the device 200 is indicated by a line III in FIG.
As shown by, it becomes substantially uniform over the entire surface. FIG. 26 shows an illumination according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. In the drawing, the same as the components shown in FIG.
Parts are given the same reference numerals. In the light guide plate 202A, the grooves 207 are
In the area near the fluorescent lamp 201 on the back surface 202a, the same
Distributed at P3. Is the side close to the incident surface 202Ac
, The grooves 207 are denoted by reference numerals 207-1, 207-2,.
You. The U-shaped reflecting mirror 205A extends to the groove 207-1.
ing. 205Aa is an upper covering portion as a reflecting mirror portion
Out of the emission surface 202Ab of the light guide plate 202A.
Portion 202 corresponding to groove 207-1 near launch surface 202Ac
Covers Ab-1. 205Ab is a lower cover part
The groove 207 on the back surface 202Aa of the light guide plate 202A.
-1 is covered. Of the light guide plate 202A, 202A-1
Is a light emitting region. 202A-2 is a light storage area,
It accumulates light as described. Emitted from the fluorescent light 201,
Light 2 incident on the light guide plate 202A from the incident surface 202Ac
Reference numeral 21 denotes a surface of the groove 207-1 as indicated by reference numeral 221a.
Reflected toward the surface 202Ab-1,
1, but is reflected by the upper covering portion 205Aa.
And enters the light guide plate 202A. This light is emitted from the back 202A
a, and even if emitted from the back surface 202Aa,
The light is reflected by the side covering portion 205Ab, and is again reflected on the light guide plate 202A.
Go inside and go up. The light repeats this,
Proceed in the direction of area 202A-1. The upper covering portion 20 of the emission surface 202Ab
The portion not covered by 5Aa is the effective emission surface 202Ab
-2. The effective emission surface 202Ab-2 has the
As in the case of the tenth embodiment, the groove 207-2 to 207-5
The light that is emitted or refracted and directed upward is emitted. this
Portion of the effective emission surface 202Ab-2 near the fluorescent lamp 201
In light of the light, the light 222 refracted by the groove 207-2
And leaks out from the light accumulation region 202A-2 and goes upward.
The reflected light 221b is added, and the light amount in this portion increases. this
Accordingly, the luminance of the light emitting surface 206 of the lighting device 220 is
As shown in the figure, it is almost uniform in the area near the fluorescent tube.
Become. FIG. 27 shows an illumination according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. This lighting device 230 is a lighting device of FIG.
Lighting device 200 and lighting device 220 of FIG. 26 are combined.
Configuration. 27, the components shown in FIGS. 24 and 26
Parts corresponding to minutes are given the same reference numerals. The groove 207-1 and the upper cover as a reflecting mirror portion
The portion 205Aa forms the light accumulation region 202A-2.
You. Near the fluorescent lamp 201 in the effective emission surface 202Ab-2
Are reflected and refracted by the grooves 207-2 and 207-3.
Leaked from the light accumulation region 202A-2
An upward light 221b is applied. Here, the groove 207-
Since the pitch P2 of 1,207-2 is small, the light 22
The light quantity of 2 is large. Thereby, the luminance of the light emitting surface 206 becomes
In FIG. 27, as shown by a line V, a uniform
It becomes FIG. 28 shows an illumination according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. This lighting device 240 is a lighting device of FIG.
The light guide plate 202 of the lighting device 200 has a modified configuration.
You. In FIG. 28, parts corresponding to the constituent parts shown in FIG.
Have the same reference numerals. The light guide plate 241 cuts the light guide plate 202.
It has a surface wedge shape, and has an inclined exit surface 241b and
And a tip surface 241c having a curved surface. 241a is water
The flat back surface has a groove 207 formed therein. 241c is
It is a vertical incidence surface. Here, the tip surface 241c could be a curved surface.
The light exit plate 241b is an inclined surface, and the light guide plate 202 is a wedge.
It is to be in shape. Since the tip surface 241c is a curved surface, the tip
As compared to the case of a vertical plane as shown in FIG.
The light that propagates through the light plate 241 and reaches the tip is reflected to the light source side.
Difficult to shoot, most of which, as indicated by reference numeral 242,
241c is emitted upward. This allows
Light is efficiently emitted from the portion of the light guide plate 241 near the tip.
The light is emitted, and the brightness at the tip of the light emitting surface 243 is increased.
I can do it. The luminance of the light emitting surface 243 is indicated by a line VI in FIG.
In this way, it becomes uniform over the entire surface. FIG. 29 shows an illumination according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
The device 250 is shown. In the figure, the components shown in FIG.
Corresponding parts have the same reference characters allotted. The illumination device 250 has a light guide plate 251.
You. The light guide plate 251 has a rear surface as shown in FIG.
251a has a pit group 252. Pit group 252
Consists of a number of pits 253. Each pit 253
It has a triangular cross-section and, like the groove 207 in FIG.
The light that propagates through the light plate 251 and reaches the rear surface 251a is emitted.
It is directed to the surface 251b. Pit group 252 is lined up
Pit row 254- consisting of pitches 253-1 to 253-4
1. A pit consisting of pits 253-5 to 253-7
Row 254-2, side by side pits 253-8 to 253-11
Pit rows 254-3 are aligned in parallel and adjacent
The pits are arranged in a staggered pattern between the pit rows.
You. As a result, a groove 207 is formed on the back as shown in FIG.
As compared with the case where the light emitting surface is formed,
The amount of light directed to 1b is more uniform over the entire back surface.
Is done. Accordingly, the light emitting surface 25 of the lighting device 250
5 corresponds to the groove line as compared to the lighting device 200 of FIG.
The brightness unevenness is suppressed, and as shown by a line VII in FIG. 29,
It has a uniform luminance distribution over the entire surface. FIG. 31 shows an illumination according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. In the figure, the components shown in FIG.
Corresponding parts have the same reference characters allotted. The illumination device 260 has a light guide plate 261.
You. The light guide plate 261 is, as shown in FIGS. 32 and 33,
The back surface 261a has a groove group 262 having a triangular cross section.
The groove group 262 is a line orthogonal to the axis 263 of the fluorescent lamp 201.
A groove 262a forming an acute angle α1 with the H.264,
The groove 262b has an obtuse angle α2 with respect to the groove 64. groove
262a and the groove 202b intersect at many places.
You. For this reason, the illumination device of FIG.
Groove lines are less likely to appear than in the case of the arrangement 200. Therefore, lighting equipment
The device 260 extends over the entire surface as shown by the line VIII in FIG.
Therefore, it has a uniform luminance distribution. FIG. 34 shows an illumination according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
The device 270 is shown. In the figure, the components shown in FIG.
Corresponding parts have the same reference characters allotted. Lighting device 270 has light guide plate 271.
You. The light guide plate 271 has a groove group 271 on the back surface 271a.
I do. The groove group 271 includes grooves 272 to 277. Groove 2
72 to 277 are larger in size as they approach the fluorescent light 201.
It's getting better. The pitch P4 of the grooves 272 to 277 is constant
And smaller than the pitch P1 in FIG. Therefore,
The light device 270 has a grooved line as compared with the device 200 of FIG.
It is unlikely to appear, and the amount of emitted light is the same.
As shown by, it has a uniform luminance distribution over the entire surface. FIG. 35 shows an illumination according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
The device 280 is shown. In the figure, the components shown in FIG.
Corresponding parts have the same reference characters allotted. The lighting device 280 has a light guide plate 281.
You. The light guide plate 281 is, as shown in FIG.
281a has a pit group 282. Pit group 282
Consists of a number of pits 283. Each pit 283
It has a triangular cross-section and, like the groove 207 in FIG.
The light that propagates through the light plate 281 and reaches the back surface 281a is emitted.
It is directed to the surface 281b. Pit group 282 includes pit 2
The diagonal pit row 284 in the lower right of FIG.
And a pit row 285 at the upper right. pit
The column 284 has an intersecting relationship with the pit column 285. This
Thereby, a groove 207 is formed on the back surface as shown in FIG.
Compared to the case where the back surface 281a is closer to the emission surface 281b.
The amount of light directed is more uniform across the entire back
You. As a result, the light emitting surface 28 of the lighting device 280
6 corresponds to the groove line as compared with the lighting device 200 of FIG.
The luminance unevenness is suppressed, and as shown by the line X in FIG.
It has a uniform luminance distribution over the surface. FIG. 37 shows an illumination according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.
The device 290 is shown. In the figure, the components shown in FIG.
Corresponding parts have the same reference characters allotted. The illumination device 290 has a light guide plate 291.
You. The light guide plate 291 has a triangular cross section on the back surface 291a.
Groove 292. Extension surface of the opposite surface 291a of the groove 292
Is larger than the angle θ11 in FIG.
It is set to be considerably small. If the angle θ10 is small, the groove 2
The ability of the 92 to direct light to the exit surface 291b is small. this
As described above, by changing the angle θ10 of the groove 292,
The amount of light emitted from the emission surface 291b can be changed.
You. FIG. 38 shows a light source according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows a lighting device 300. The light guide plate 310 has a rear surface 301a.
Has a U-shaped groove 302. FIG. 39 shows an illumination according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. The lighting device 310 includes a light guide plate 311 and a light guide plate 311.
And a reflection plate 312. The light guide plate 311 has a uniform pitch.
A back surface 311a having a groove 318 is provided. 312 is
It is a reflection plate, and a plurality of
It has a number of ridges 313. The ridge 313 is a light guide plate 311.
The light 314 leaked from the groove 318 on the back surface 311a of the
The light guide plate 311 as shown by reference numeral 314a.
The light is incident again and is directed to the emission surface 311b. The ridge 313 has a central portion 314
Aligned at the pitch P10 and offset from the central portion 314
And the pitch becomes narrower, and the portion 3 near the entrance surface 311c
15 and the portion 316 near the tip surface 311d, the pitch
It is arranged with a distribution aligned with a pitch P11 narrower than P11.
You. The groove 318 on the back surface 311a of the light guide plate 311
Out of the leaked light from near the incident surface 311c
The emitted light and the light leaked from the vicinity of the tip surface 311d
Is more efficient than light leaking from the center
The light is returned into the light guide plate 311 and emitted from the light emitting surface 317.
You. Therefore, the luminance distribution of the light emitting surface 317 is as shown in FIG.
As shown by the line XI, it becomes substantially uniform over the entire surface. As described above, according to the present invention, multiple
A number of unit units, the unit units being light sources
And an incident surface on which a light beam from the light source is incident;
It is formed so that the thickness becomes thinner as
And a light guide plate having an exit surface from which the incident light exits
And a reflecting surface along the light guide plate for reflecting light rays forward.
And emits light rays forward.
Units are stacked, and each reflective surface of each unit
And the surface adjacent to the light-emitting surface is configured to be a light-emitting surface.
As a result, the brightness distribution is uniform,
A lighting device with high efficiency and high luminance can be realized.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a principle configuration diagram of a lighting device related to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of a lighting device related to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a view showing a second embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a view showing a third embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating the directional characteristics of the light guide plate. FIG. 8 is a diagram (part 2) illustrating the directional characteristics of the light guide plate. FIG. 9 is a diagram (part 3) illustrating the directional characteristics of the light guide plate. FIG. 10 is a diagram (part 4) illustrating the directional characteristics of the light guide plate. FIG. 11 is a diagram (part 5) illustrating the directional characteristics of the light guide plate. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 13 is a view showing a sixth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 14 is a view showing a seventh embodiment of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 15 is a view showing an eighth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 16 is a view showing a ninth embodiment of a lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of the lighting device of FIG. 16; FIG. 18 is a partially enlarged view of a normal linear prism plate in FIGS. 16 and 17; FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a diffusion pattern on the back surface of the light guide plate. 20 is a partially enlarged view of the special linear prism plate in FIGS. 16 and 17. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the lighting device in FIG. FIG. 22 is a view showing a modification of the special linear prism plate. FIG. 23 is a partially enlarged view of a special lenticular plate. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a lighting apparatus according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. FIG. 25 is a view for explaining the function of the groove in FIG. 24; FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an eleventh embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a twelfth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a thirteenth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a fourteenth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an arrangement of pit groups on the back surface of the light guide plate in FIG. 29; FIG. 31 is a view showing a fifteenth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. 32 is a view of the light guide plate in FIG. 31 as viewed from the back side. FIG. 33 is an enlarged perspective view showing a part of the rear surface of the light guide plate of FIG. 32; FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a sixteenth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. FIG. 35 is a view showing a seventeenth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. 36 is a view of the light guide plate in FIG. 35 as viewed from the back side. FIG. 37 is a view showing an eighteenth embodiment of the lighting device according to the present invention. FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a nineteenth embodiment of the lighting apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a twentieth embodiment of a lighting device according to the present invention, together with its luminance distribution. FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a conventional lighting device. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Light source 2 Light guide plate 2a Incident surface 2b Back surface 2c Outgoing surface 3 Reflective surface 3a Side wall surface 4 Light emitting surface 5 Space 6 Reflector 7 Propagated light 8 Emitted light 10 Illumination device 100 Illumination device 101 Diffusion pattern 102 102A Special linear prism plate 102a Upper surface 105 Fluorescent tube 106 Light guide plate 106a Incident surface 106b Back surface 106c Outgoing surface 106d Tip 107 Reflector 108 Reflecting mirror 109 Space 110 Normal linear prism plate 111 Linear prism 112 Line perpendicular to fluorescent tube 113 Incident light 114 Normal line 115 Outgoing light 116 Diffusion sheet 117 Light emitting surface 120 White ink coated small partition 121 Linear prism 122 with apex angle of 140 degrees Linear prism with apex angle of 70 degrees 123 Incident light beam 124 Outgoing light beam 125 incident Ray 126 Incident ray 128 Totally reflected ray 128 Sky Light 129 returned to the part Air layer 131 A large amount of light 141, 144, 145 diffused when entering the light guide plate 150 Light returned to the space 150 Liquid crystal panel 151 X direction display electrode 152 Y direction display electrode 160 Special Lenticular plate 161 Circular lens 162 Circular lens 163, 164 Light rays 200, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 2
70, 280, 290, 300, 310 Illumination device 201 Fluorescent lamps 202, 202A, 241, 251, 261 and 271,
281, 291, 301, 311 Light guide plate 202 a Back surface 202 a-1, 314 Central portion 202 a-2, 315 Portion near entrance surface 202 a-3, 316 Portion near tip surface 202 b Output surface 202 c Incident surface 202 d Tip surface 203, 312 Reflecting surface 204 Reflecting surface 205 Reflecting mirror 205Aa Upper covering portion 205Ab Lower covering portion 206 Light emitting surface 207 Groove 208, 209 Inclined plane 210, 211, 212 Ray 241 Inclined exit surface 241c Tip surface 242 Light 252 emitted from the tip surface Group 253 Triangular pits 254-1, 254-2, 254-3 Pit row 262 Groove group 263 Fluorescent lamp axis 264 Lines 272 to 277 orthogonal to fluorescent lamp axis 282 Groove 282 Pit group 283 Pits 284, 285 pits Row 286 Light emitting surface 302 U-shaped groove 313 ridge

   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Fumiaki Yamada             4-1-1 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture             No. 1 Inside Fujitsu Limited (72) Inventor Shinpei Nagatani             4-1-1 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture             No. 1 Inside Fujitsu Limited (72) Inventor Eiji Nito             4-1-1 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture             No. 1 Inside Fujitsu Limited F-term (reference) 2H091 FA14Z FA21Z FA23Z FA32Z                       FA34Z FA41Z FA42Z KA10                       LA16 LA18

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A unit comprising a plurality of unit units, the unit unit comprising: a light source (71); an incident surface (72a) on which light from the light source (71) is incident; and an incident surface. (7
2a), the light guide plate (72) having a light exit surface (72b) from which the incident light beam exits, and the light guide plate (72) extending along the light guide plate (72). A reflection surface (73) that reflects forward,
A lighting device, which emits light rays forward, wherein the unit units are stacked, and a surface adjacent to each reflection surface (73) of each unit unit is a light emitting surface.