JP2003265033A - Method for cultivating tomato, and method for preventing fruit cracking on tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating tomatoes, and a method for preventing fruit cracking on tomatoes, each applicable to greenhouse or tunnel culture of tomatoes where some covering material is used, drastically reducing fruit cracking on the tomatoes as compared to that caused by a conventional method for cultivating tomatoes without reduction in yield due to deficiency in sunlight. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cultivating tomatoes and the method for preventing fruit cracking on tomatoes are each applicable to the greenhouse or tunnel culture of tomatoes. In each of the methods, tomatoes are cultivated by using such a covering material that the transmissivity of effective photosynthesis photon flux (PPF) having a wave length of 400-700 nm is ≥70%, and the transmissivity (Te) of heat rays having a wave length of 300-2,200 nm are ≤90% when the light is transmitted through the covering material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating tomatoes and a method for preventing fruit cracking of tomatoes, and more specifically, a method for cultivating tomatoes at a cultivation facility where the covering material is used or a tomato tunnel where the covering material is used. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating tomatoes capable of significantly reducing fruit cracking in tomatoes and a method for preventing fruit cracking in tomatoes, as compared with conventional methods for cultivating tomatoes.

[0002]

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Tomato fruits get wet in the rain,
When abrupt changes in soil moisture are encountered, fruit cracking occurs and the commercial value is impaired, so producers prevent fruit cracking by cultivating it in greenhouses and rain shelters that use coating materials. However, even in cultivation in such a house or rain shelter,
In summer, when the soil temperature difference between daytime and nighttime is large, it is not possible to completely avoid tomato cracking. In order to avoid this cracking, it is possible to suppress the rise in soil temperature by using a light-shielding material such as a light-shielding net, a gauze cloth, a split fiber non-woven fabric, and a light-shielding curtain, but there is a problem that a decrease in yield due to insufficient light rays cannot be avoided. Occurs.

Therefore, in a method of cultivating tomatoes in a cultivation facility where a covering material is used or in a tunnel cultivation method of a tomato where a covering material is used, the conventional method of cultivating tomatoes does not cause a decrease in yield due to insufficient light. On the other hand, the emergence of a method for cultivating tomatoes and a method for preventing fruit cracking of tomatoes that can significantly reduce the fruit cracking of tomatoes is desired.

[0004]

An object of the present invention is to solve the problems associated with the prior art as described above, and a method of cultivating tomatoes in a cultivation facility where a covering material is used or a tomato using the covering material. To provide a method for cultivating tomato and a method for preventing fruit cracking that can significantly reduce fruit cracking of tomato as compared with the conventional method of cultivating tomato, without causing a decrease in yield due to lack of light. It is an object.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The method of cultivating tomatoes according to the present invention is a method of cultivating tomatoes in a cultivation facility where a covering material is used, or a tunnel cultivation method of tomatoes where a covering material is used. Tomatoes are cultivated under a coating material having a transmittance of photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF) of wavelength 400 to 700 nm of 70% or more and a heat ray transmittance (Te) of wavelength 300 to 2200 nm of 90% or less. It is characterized by that.

The coating material is preferably a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate or glass. Among them, a preferable coating material is a resin film, a resin sheet or a resin plate containing at least one naphthalocyanine compound represented by the following general formula [1],
Alternatively, it is a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate or glass on which at least one coating material containing a naphthalocyanine compound represented by the following general formula [1] is applied.

[0007]

[Chemical 3]

[In the formula, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are each independently
It represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and M represents two hydrogen atoms, a divalent metal atom, a trivalent or tetravalent substituted metal atom, or an oxy metal. ]. Further, the method of preventing fruit cracking of a tomato according to the present invention has a wavelength of 400 when light is transmitted in a method of cultivating tomatoes in a cultivation facility where a covering material is used or a tunnel cultivation method of tomatoes where a covering material is used. -700 nm photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF) has a transmittance of 70% or more and a wavelength of 3
It is characterized in that tomatoes are cultivated under a coating material having a heat ray transmittance (Te) of 90 to 2200 nm of 90% or less.

The coating material is preferably a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate or glass. Among them, a preferable coating material is a resin film, a resin sheet or a resin plate containing at least one kind of the naphthalocyanine compound represented by the general formula [1],
Alternatively, it is a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate, or glass having at least one surface coated with a paint containing at least one kind of the naphthalocyanine compound represented by the general formula [1].

In the present specification, "cultivation of tomatoes" includes not only cultivation of (mini) tomatoes but also cultivation and cultivation of parts other than fruits such as seedlings and nurseries.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The method for cultivating tomatoes and the method for preventing cracking of tomatoes according to the present invention will be specifically described below. In the tomato cultivation method and tomato fruit crack prevention method according to the present invention, in a tomato tunnel cultivation method in which a covering material is used or a tomato cultivation method in a cultivation facility where the covering material is used, light is used as the covering material. The transmittance of the photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF) having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm when transmitted is 70% or more, usually 72% or more, preferably 75% or more, and the wavelength of 300 to
A coating material having a heat ray transmittance (Te) of 2200 nm of 90% or less, usually 85% or less, preferably 80% or less is used.

In the present specification, "heat rays" of heat ray transmittance means
It is a near-infrared ray and has a heat ray transmittance (Te) of JIS-R-
According to 3106, it is measured by, for example, a spectrophotometer (product number U-4100) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. Further, the transmittance of the photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF) is determined by
After measuring the transmittance using an integrating sphere with a spectrophotometer, the transmittance was calculated by multiplying the photon parameter of the standard light source D65 at each wavelength. The light to be transmitted is sunlight (natural light) or an artificial light source.

By using the coating material as described above, it is possible to greatly reduce the cracking of tomatoes as compared with the conventional method of cultivating tomatoes, without causing a decrease in yield due to insufficient light of tomatoes. When the heat ray transmissivity (Te) of the coating material exceeds 90%, the soil temperature, the fruit temperature, and the greenhouse temperature increase, so that the tomatoes are likely to crack. Further, if the PPF transmittance of the coating material is less than 70%, the yield of tomatoes decreases due to insufficient light dose.

[0014]

[Chemical 4]

In the formula [1], A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and M 1
Represents two hydrogen atoms, a divalent metal atom, a trivalent or tetravalent substituted metal atom, or an oxy metal. A ¹ ~
Specific examples of the halogen atom represented by A ²⁴ include atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. These atoms may be mixed.

Specific examples of the divalent metal atom represented by M include Cu (II), Zn (II), Fe (II) and Co.
(II), Ni (II), Ru (II), Rh (II), Pd
(II), Pt (II), Mn (II), Mg (II), Ti
(II), Be (II), Ca (II), Ba (II), Cd
(II), Hg (II), Pb (II), Sn (II) and the like.

Specific examples of the mono-substituted trivalent metal atom represented by M include AlCl, AlBr, AlF and A.
II, GaCl, GaF, GaI, GaBr, InC
l, InBr, InI, InF, TlCl, TlBr,
TlI, TlF, FeCl, RuCl, Al-C
_{6 H 5, Al-C 6} H 4 (CH 3), In-C 6 H 5, In
_{-C 6 H 4 (CH 3)} , In-C 6 H 5, Mn (OH),
Mn (OC ₆ H _5), and the like Mn [OSi (CH _{3) 3].}

Further, a di-substituted tetravalent metal precursor represented by M
As a specific example of the child, CrCl₂, SiCl₂, SiBr
₂, SiF₂, SiI₂, ZrCl₂, GeCl₂, GeB
r₂, GeI₂, GeF₂, SnCl₂, SnBr₂, Sn
F₂, TiCl₂, TiBr₂, TiF₂, Si (OH)₂,
Ge (OH)₂, Zr (OH)₂, Mn (OH)₂, Sn (O
H)₂, TiR₂, CrR₂, SiR₂, SnR₂, GeR₂
[Wherein R is an alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,
And its derivatives. ], Si (OR ') ₂, Sn
(OR ')₂, Ge (OR ')₂, Ti (OR ')₂, Cr (O
R ')₂[R 'is an alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a naphthyl group.
Group, trialkylsilyl group, dialkylalkoxysilyl group
Group and its derivatives. ], Sn (S
R ")₂, Ge (SR ")₂[R] is an alkyl group, phenyl
Group, naphthyl group, and derivatives thereof. ]Such
Is mentioned.

Specific examples of oxymetal include VO and Mn.
O, TiO, etc. are mentioned. Among these, more preferable M is two hydrogen atoms, Cu, Pd, Pb,
AlCl, InCl, TiO or VO are mentioned.
More preferable M is VO. The naphthalocyanine compound represented by the general formula [1] has a property of absorbing near infrared rays. As the naphthalocyanine compound, specifically, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are hydrogen atoms,
A compound in which M is VO, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are hydrogen atoms,
A compound in which M is TiO, A ³ among A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ ,
A ⁴ , A ⁹ , A ¹⁰ , A ¹⁵ , A ¹⁶ , A ²¹ , and A ²² are bromine atoms, other A is a hydrogen atom, M is VO, and A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are hydrogen atoms. , A compound in which M is Cu, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are hydrogen atoms, a compound in which M is Pb, a compound in which A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are bromine atoms, and a compound in which M is Cu, A ^{1 to} A A compound in which ²⁴ is a hydrogen atom, M is InCl, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are hydrogen atoms, a compound in which M is Pd, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ are hydrogen atoms, and M is two hydrogen atoms And the like.

The naphthalocyanine compound represented by the above formula [I] is disclosed in JP-A-9-263658. The coating material used in the present invention contains such a naphthalocyanine compound in a resin or glass forming a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate or glass, or a resin film, a resin sheet, At least one side of the resin plate or glass is coated, preferably on the inside surface of the cultivation facility. In the present invention, the naphthalocyanine compound is preferably contained in the resin or the glass.

The naphthalocyanine compound-containing resin composition used in preparing the above resin film, resin sheet or resin plate is prepared by heating and kneading the powder or pellets of the base resin and the naphthalocyanine compound to obtain a dye. Is uniformly dispersed. During this heating and kneading, if necessary, additives such as existing UV absorbers, plasticizers, light stabilizers, antifogging agents, heat retaining agents, antifog agents are added to the base resin and naphthalocyanine compound. May be. The kneading temperature varies depending on the resin used, but is usually 100-
It is 300 ° C. The content of the naphthalocyanine compound is
It varies depending on the amount of absorption in the target heat ray (near infrared) region, but is usually 0.1 × 10 ⁻¹ g / m ^{2 to} 5 × 10 ⁻¹ g / m ² per unit area of film, sheet, plate, glass, etc. ,
Preferably 0.2 × 10 ⁻¹ g / m ² to 4 × 10 ⁻¹ g /
m ² , more preferably 0.3 × 10 ⁻¹ g / m ^{2 to} 3 × 1
It is 0 ^-1 g / m ² . When the content of the naphthalocyanine compound is within the above range, a wavelength of 400 when light is transmitted is obtained.
-700 nm photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF) has a transmittance of 70% or more and a wavelength of 300 to 2200 nm
A coating material having a heat ray transmittance (Te) of 90% or less is obtained.

The above-mentioned base resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin that can sufficiently disperse the naphthalocyanine compound, but a resin having as high transparency as possible is preferable. Specific examples of such a base resin include polyethylene; vinyl compounds such as polystyrene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid ester, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl fluoride, and vinyl compounds. Additive polymer; polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid ester, polyvinylidene chloride,
Polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene cyanide, vinylidene fluoride / trifluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene cyanide / vinyl acetate copolymer, etc. Compounds; fluorine-containing compounds such as polytrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene; polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 66; polyimides; polyurethanes; polypeptides; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; polycarbonates; polyoxymethylene ,
Examples thereof include polyethers such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide; epoxy resins; polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl butyral.

Particularly, it is a soft resin that has good compatibility with the naphthalocyanine compound used in the present invention and can be dispersed well, and examples thereof include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, and vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymers. . A resin film used as a coating material in the present invention,
The resin sheet, the resin plate, and the glass can be manufactured by a conventionally known method.

Further, a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate or glass whose surface is coated with a naphthalocyanine compound, which is used as a coating material, has a resin composition containing the above naphthalocyanine compound, for example, on the surface thereof. It can be produced by coating with a coater, a blade coater, a spin coater, a reverse coater, a die coater or a spray.

A printing ink or paint prepared by dissolving the above naphthalocyanine compound-containing resin composition in a solvent may be used to form an arbitrary pattern on the surface of a resin film, resin sheet, resin plate or glass. Good. Examples of the solvent include solvents such as chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, toluene, xylene, dibutyl ether, dimethylformamide, ethanol and isopropanol, or a mixed solvent thereof.

As a cultivation facility in which the above covering material is used, for example, a dome structure 1 as shown in FIG.
A double roof type (gable type) structure 1 as shown in FIG. 2 or a rain shelter house type structure 1 as shown in FIG. 3 in which the side wall does not reach the ground, and is located at least on the ceiling part 2 and both sides thereof. Examples thereof include a structure having the side wall 3 on all or a part of the side part, and further, a structure having no side wall 3 in the structures shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. 1, 2, and 3, reference numeral a1 indicates a grounding portion of the side wall portion, reference numeral a2 indicates a grounding portion of the other side wall portion, and reference numeral b indicates a top portion of the ceiling portion.

The method of applying the above-mentioned coating material to a cultivation facility is not particularly limited as long as the coating material can cover the entire surface of the plant or at least one surface on which sunlight is incident. is not. For example, a method of constructing a house made of a resin plate or glass containing a naphthalocyanine compound as a coating material, a method of using a resin film or a resin sheet containing a naphthalocyanine compound as a coating material for a pipe house, an outer lining and / or an inner lining of a vinyl house, There is a method of using this resin film or resin sheet for a tunnel house and a mulching house.

[0028]

According to the present invention, in a method of cultivating tomatoes in a cultivation facility in which the covering material is used or in a tunnel cultivation method of tomatoes in which the covering material is used, there is no decrease in yield due to insufficient light, It is possible to provide a method of cultivating tomatoes and a method of preventing fruit cracking of tomatoes, which can significantly reduce the fruit cracking of tomatoes as compared with the method of cultivating tomatoes.

[0029]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0030]

[Reference example] [Production of polyethylene multilayer film containing naphthalocyanine compound] Ethylene / 1-hexene copolymer [Brand name Evolue SP0540, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.]
Made, density (ASTM D1505) = 0.905g / m ³ , MFR
(ASTM D1238, 190 ° C, 2.16kg load) = 4.0g / 10
Minutes] 100 parts by weight, 0.14 parts by weight of a naphthalocyanine compound represented by the following formula, 0.4 part by weight of a hindered amine weathering stabilizer [trade name Kimasorb 119, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals], and an ultraviolet absorber [ Naphthalocyanine compound-containing polyethylene resin composition A is prepared by melt-kneading (trade name: TINUVIN 326, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and 0.06 part by weight with a twin-screw extruder at 190 ° C. and pelletizing. did.

[0031]

[Chemical 5]

Further, an ethylene / 1-hexene copolymer [trade name: Evolution SP2520, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
Density (ASTM D1505) = 0.927g / m ³ , MFR (AST
M D1238, 190 ℃, 2.16kg load) = 1.7g / 10min] 1
00 parts by weight, 0.4 parts by weight of a hindered amine weathering stabilizer [trade name: Kimasorb 119, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals], and 0.06 parts by weight of an ultraviolet absorber [trade name: Tinuvin 326, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals]. A polyethylene resin composition B was prepared by melt-kneading and pelletizing at 190 ° C. using an axial screw extruder.

Next, using a multi-layer inflation molding apparatus having a three-layer inflation die, molding temperature 1
At 90 ° C., an inner layer and an outer layer were formed of the above resin composition B, and an intermediate layer was formed of the above resin composition A to obtain a multilayer film having a thickness of 75 μm. The thickness of each layer of this multilayer film is 20 μm for the outer layer, 35 μm for the intermediate layer, and 20 μm for the inner layer. Here, the outer layer refers to a surface layer located on the atmosphere side when the multilayer film is used as a coating material, and the inner layer refers to a surface layer located on the ground side.

The multilayer film obtained as described above had a photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF) transmittance of 86% and a heat ray transmittance (Te) of 81%.

[0035]

[Examples and Comparative Examples] An arch pipe type simple rain shelter facility with a height of 2 m as shown in Fig. 4 was installed in a ridge of 1.2 m in width and 20 m in length in the north-south direction to plant tomato seedlings. The cultivation test was carried out under the following conditions. The ceiling of the 10 m portion (A) on the south side of the arch pipe type simple rain shelter facility, the side wall located in the longitudinal direction of the ceiling and the side wall on the frontage side are the polyethylene film obtained in the reference example [photosynthesis effective. Photon flux (PPF) transmittance = 86%, heat ray transmittance (Te) = 81%, width = 2.7 m, thickness = 75 μ
m, naphthalocyanine compound content represented by the above formula = 0.06 g / m ² ]. (Example) In addition, the ceiling portion of the north side 10m portion (B), the side wall portion located in the longitudinal direction of the ceiling portion, and both the front side wall portions,
Coated with a general agricultural polyolefin film with PPF transmittance of 90.7% and Te of 91% (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Platek Co., Ltd., product name Iku Gaku, width = 2.7 m, thickness = 75 μm) did. (Comparative Example) <Cultivation conditions> Location: Taniwahara-mura, Tsukuba-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Tomato variety: Momotaro Eight Planting: May 14, 2001 <Test results> (A), (B) Thirty random samples were randomly selected and examined for fruit cracking. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0036]

[Table 1]

In the period until the end of September,
No clear difference was observed in the number of fruits set between the two plots (A) and (B).

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a domed roof structure which is an example of a cultivation facility used in the method for cultivating tomatoes or the method for preventing fruit cracking according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a double-roof type (gable type) structure which is an example of a cultivation facility used in the method for cultivating tomatoes or the method for preventing fruit cracking according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a rain shelter house-type structure which is an example of a cultivation facility used in the method for cultivating tomatoes or the method for preventing fruit cracking according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an arch pipe type simple rain protection facility used in an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Structure 2 ··· Ceiling 3 ... Side wall a1 ... Grounding part of the side wall a2 ··· Grounding part on the other side wall b ... top of the ceiling

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C08J 5/18 CEZ C08J 5/18 CEZ C08K 5/3417 C08K 5/3417 C08L 101/00 C08L 101/00 F Terms (reference) 2B022 AA01 AB15 2B024 DA04 DB01 DB07 2B029 EB01 EC03 EC09 EC13 4F071 AA22 AA24 AA27 AA43 AA54 AA60 AC12 AF30Y AH01 BA01 BC01 4J002 AA011 EU026 FD096 GA01

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for cultivating tomatoes in a cultivation facility where a coating material is used or a tunnel cultivation method for a tomato where a coating material is used, wherein a photosynthetic effective photon flux (wavelength 400 to 700 nm when transmitting light) PPF) has a transmittance of 70% or more,
And the heat ray transmittance (Te) of wavelength 300 to 2200 nm
A method for cultivating tomatoes, which comprises cultivating tomatoes under a covering material having a content of 90% or less. 2. The method for cultivating tomato according to claim 1, wherein the coating material is any one of a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate and glass. 3. A resin film, a resin sheet or a resin plate containing at least one naphthalocyanine compound represented by the following general formula [1], or at least one of the following general formula [1]: ] The method for cultivating tomato according to claim 2, which is a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate, or glass having at least one surface coated with a paint containing a naphthalocyanine compound represented by the formula: ] [In the formula, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and M is two hydrogen atoms, a divalent metal atom, a trivalent or tetravalent substituted metal atom, or an oxy metal. Represents ]. 4. A method for cultivating tomatoes in a cultivation facility where a coating material is used or a tunnel cultivation method for tomatoes where a coating material is used, wherein a photosynthetic effective photon flux (wavelength 400 to 700 nm when transmitting light) PPF) has a transmittance of 70% or more,
And the heat ray transmittance (Te) of wavelength 300 to 2200 nm
A method for preventing fruit cracking, which comprises cultivating tomatoes under a coating material having a content of 90% or less. 5. The method for preventing fruit cracking of tomato according to claim 4, wherein the coating material is any one of a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate and glass. 6. A resin film, a resin sheet or a resin plate containing at least one naphthalocyanine compound represented by the following general formula [1], or at least one of the following general formula [1]: ] The method for preventing fruit cracking of tomato according to claim 5, which is a resin film, a resin sheet, a resin plate, or glass having at least one surface coated with a paint containing a naphthalocyanine compound represented by the formula: 2] [In the formula, A ^{1 to} A ²⁴ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and M is two hydrogen atoms, a divalent metal atom, a trivalent or tetravalent substituted metal atom, or an oxy metal. Represents ].