JP2003216805A - Boundary area method consisting of basic boundary area method, numeric boundary area method, and application boundary area method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique which is usable for a search for a solution, great inspiration to a solvent, creation, and further relative problem arrangement, prediction, evaluation, learning, etc., as to problem finding and problem solution by description and analysis of an object problem. <P>SOLUTION: The object problem is qualitatively and definitively described and rearranged as a border area. Analysis of the problem is made minute and a problem point is found as its process or result to find a solution plan. When a new idea is needed, hints are obtained from personal or other wide worlds and fields and analyzed for inspiration. Consequently, closer analysis and examination are enabled to make the technique high in level, minute, and substantial into numerical examination, examination for optimization, combination with an evaluation method as other methods, and solution by macroviewing, thereby developing the application of the method. A model for analysis of the problem can be developed into a model for calculation of a solution as it is. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to problem finding and problem solving by describing and analyzing a target problem. From the search for a solution of the target problem to the idea, creation, and further development of a dramatic solution. , Related to related problems, prediction, evaluation, learning, etc.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A huge number of techniques have been developed as problem solving techniques and creativity development techniques. As a typical one,
Brainstorming method, NM method, KJ method, cluster analysis, work design method, scenario writing method, Delphi method, ISM analysis, AHP method, super-arrangement method and the like. Among these, ideas and creativity development techniques can be classified as divergent or convergent. The problem solving technique can be regarded as common with the creativity development technique among the three stages, problem finding, structure analysis, and problem solving.

Each of the existing methods is excellent,
In many cases, the system is realized in the form of computer software. However, as a general tendency, even if the target problem has a simple structure and a simple change, and if it can be effectively analyzed if it has a simple viewpoint, the target problem has a complicated structure, a complicated change, or some In many cases, it is not possible to deal with it sufficiently when evaluation from the perspective of is necessary. Or it can be said that it is difficult to apply and impossible. In the case of such a complicated problem, it may be realistic and effective to take time, deal with it strategically, or set a goal to solve the problem while evaluating efficiency and achievement. Many of the techniques mentioned above can be useful as a solution without any exception. It is hoped that the optimum technique will be selected from the above techniques and applied continuously and in combination.

An example of a complex problem is often found when an object is related to an organization or structure, but confusion or misunderstanding regarding the structure or definition is the true cause of the problem. Although it is a problem related to management and management,
Not only the problem of system optimization, but also the problem of optimization such as efficiency and optimization to the demand of government, which is seen in the vertical division of administrative organizations of national and local governments. There are various challenges.

In such a problem, it is essential that the object can be grasped from the top down and at the same time, the bottom up analysis can be performed. In addition to convergent analysis, divergent idea generation is also necessary. In addition, it is effective to be able to handle quantitative examination to some extent in qualitative and qualitative analysis.
In some cases, it is necessary to have an idea of optimization and a solution to solve an inverse problem. Comparisons and examinations with reference to solutions in other cases and solutions for somewhat simple problems are also effective. It seems that there is no conventional technology that can meet the above requirements.

[0006]

In analysis of complex problems and problem solving, it is essential to be able to grasp the target from the top down as well as the bottom up.
In addition to convergent analysis, divergent idea generation is also necessary. In addition, it is effective to be able to handle quantitative examination to some extent in qualitative and qualitative analysis. In some cases, it is necessary to have an idea of the solution in the form of solving the inverse problem and the viewpoint of optimization. Comparisons and examinations with reference to solutions in other cases and solutions for somewhat simple problems are also effective. Consider meeting these requirements.

[0007]

First, an outline of the entire boundary area method will be described. The boundary area method categorizes the target problem qualitatively and definitively to organize it as a boundary area and refine the analysis of the problem. As a result of that process or result, a problem is discovered. Find a solution. Or, when a new idea is needed, it is self-analyzed, and it gets hints from a wide range of other useful worlds and fields, and it is analyzed and used for ideas. As a deeper analysis and examination, numerical examination and optimization examination will be conducted. In addition, by further advancing the analysis, it is possible to combine it with other methods or evaluation methods, and to analyze problems that take advantage of the concept of the boundary area method when viewed from a large scale, It is possible to further develop the application. The model of problem analysis is
It has a function that can be directly developed into a solution calculation model.
The following describes each theory of the boundary area law.

(A) The basic concept of the boundary area method will be described. To describe an existing or unknown object, one or more attributes or partial worlds are consecutively specified and used. Attribute defines the object as a modifier, but tends to be qualitative. The subworld is used as a term related to the world. The world uses it as a term to specify general scope and definitions,
When this world is structured by looking at the whole and the parts, the subworld is a subordinate structure to the whole structure,
A part can have other parts in the lower level, and it is a concept that can be all of the whole. Here, the partial world is a range that can be decided, whether it is a part or the whole. And this partial world is suitable for definitive description. A logical process centered on the AND process and the OR process is applied to the continuous designated column to specify the target range. Usually, the continuous description means AND. In the case of OR, an explicit description is used to identify it. However, the complementary attribute and the N-divided attribute are ORed after the second attribute of the corresponding attribute, the complementary attribute, or the N-divided attribute in the continuous description. Continuity here does not mean continuous description without a gap,
Other descriptions may be inserted in between. The continuous description of the attribute and the complementary attribute becomes an OR process, which is 1, that is, the entire description, but the entire description up to the description before the first description is made and the attribute description disappears.
Here, the complementary attribute is a concept similar to that the complementary set for a set is the sum of both and has no common part. The sum of attributes and complementary attributes is the whole, and there is no common part. When the state before both the attribute and the complementary attribute are specified is the whole, the negation of the attribute in the whole is the complementary attribute. Next, when all N division attributes are continuously described, this is also an OR process, but similarly it is 1, that is, the whole, but this is an integrated attribute before N division, and the description of the attribute is this integrated. Replaced by one attribute. For example, if it holds for all men and then all women, then it holds for all humans. Here, the N-divided attribute is two, male and female, and is divided into two, and the integrated attribute is human. This attribute and the partial world are also the boundary lines that specify the boundaries of the boundary area. A boundary area is created by enclosing this boundary line. Whether you start with a blank sheet that does not have any definitions or constraints in advance, or if you already have some definition etc., continuous designation by attributes and partial worlds will be made, and the target will be as desired It is expressed correctly, but in the process it goes to a more straightforward and certain description. Depending on the case, it is possible to proceed to the expression with the minimum effort. In the process, new ideas can be grasped and recognized more accurately, problems can be discovered, problem structures can be described, which leads to problem solving and new perspectives. It is also possible to compare different boundary areas, compare different areas of the same boundary area at different points in time, and compare expressions of different entities in the same boundary area. This provides a fundamental solution and may help you understand the real problem.
The attribute or subworld to be newly described comes from the object itself, or another world or field, or inspiration. Then, creative concepts and means are devised and created.

(B) The basic boundary area method will be described. This means that the basic concept of the boundary area method described in (a) above will be embodied and the functions will be clarified. First, it has an abbreviated function. For consecutive specified columns, the description omission function simplifies and shortens the expression and improves efficiency. As a result, the description with a long boundary area is organized in an easy-to-understand manner. When dealing with a large number of boundary areas, expressions of a large number of boundary areas with similar description parts are arranged. It is sufficient to describe only the additions or changes to a certain boundary area. Next, it has a focusing function that focuses the current topic or interest in a certain area. next,
With respect to many boundary lines and many boundary areas, we will look at the necessary functions from the viewpoints of the relationship between boundary lines, the relationship between boundary areas, the relationship between boundary areas, and the relationship between boundary areas. With respect to consecutive designated columns, each designation, that is, superiority or inferiority, strength, weakness, restraint, order, meaning, and value of an attribute, a partial world, or a boundary line can be measured. It can be measured by the change in the boundary area when the line is added, or the change when the line is moved. Sensitivity or value sensitivity.
Also, the designated arrangement, for example, the order of k1, k2, and k3 can be optimized depending on the conditions. If the number is fixed at three, if it is independent of the designation order, that is, if it is independent of the route, for example, the method of designating in the order of the largest change will be an example of optimization. Constraints must be obeyed if the three are not root independent and depend on the previous specifications. It has a function to determine the minimum specified number judged from the effect of each specification and to optimize the description order by setting the optimization criteria to the efficiency of description. It has a function of grasping and using the relation between the operation of designation, that is, addition, deletion, and update of the boundary line and the fluctuation of the boundary area, and a function of rearranging and correcting the boundary line arrangement. The above is the relation between the boundary line and the boundary region and the relation between the boundary line and the boundary line using it. In the relation between the boundary region and the boundary region, the relations such as the distance and the order between many boundary regions are There are functions required, functions to change relationships, and functions to create new partial worlds from multiple boundaries. With such a function, from the description of the target problem,
It is effective for discovering new problems and solving problems. Idea, creation,
It is effective for problem sorting, evaluation, search, learning, etc.

(C) The numerical boundary region method will be described. Basically, when adding an attribute or the like in a column such as an attribute for designating a boundary area, a variable or numerical value having a meaning is added to the attribute or the like and designated. It is possible to add the sensitivity or value sensitivity of the boundary line described in the basic boundary method, value sensitivity, or creation sensitivity, creation impact, etc. that correspond to the meaning set by the user, and commonly used indicators such as priority. It is also possible to set. The number of variables or numerical values is arbitrary. It can be used in various ways and is free. Another method is to specify the value as a variable or to specify a numerical value according to a procedure based on some kind of constraint, determine the value by optimal calculation or inverse calculation, and then return the numerical value. In the description of the basic boundary region method in (b) above, how to handle numerical values is not mentioned. Although it is optional, there are many situations in which the method of adding variables and adding numerical values is effective even in the basic boundary method. The same applies to the applied boundary area method described later in (d), but some of them are almost indispensable. While the basic boundary region method is mainly qualitative and qualitative, the numerical boundary region method is numerical and concrete, but at the same time it can be said that it is theoretically characteristic. It can be said that it is a method of continuing and deepening the analysis after treating it by the boundary area method. Regarding the boundary line and the boundary region described in the basic boundary region method, the numerical value is treated in each function from the viewpoints of the relationship between the boundary line, the boundary line, the relationship between the boundary line and the boundary region. There are many, and there are many cases where the numerical boundary method is effective.

(D) The applied boundary area method will be described. The sequence of continuous attributes and partial worlds of the basic boundary method described in (b) above is one attribute and one partial world, but a function consisting of attributes and partial worlds can By describing the target by replacing it with, it is possible to handle more complicated targets. In some cases, a pair of specifications, such as a range surrounded by multiple boundaries, makes sense. If you can handle this as a whole, you can handle more complicated objects as a whole. Also, the evaluation value or calculated value used in the basic boundary area method or some variable value or evaluated value used in the numerical boundary area method described in (c) above is replaced with the calculated value or evaluated value of another evaluation method or problem solving method. By applying, combining and referencing each other, more diverse applications are possible. Also, the same method can be used for the same type of problem, and the same solution can be used in a large scale.
There can be a way to take advantage of this. In addition, the concept of boundary zone law will be further developed or rigorously refined by continuously adding attributes and partial worlds, and problems or expressions that enter a new world or situation will also fall into the applied boundary zone law. Also, if you loosen the definition of the boundary line and specify the boundary line with the center line and width specification, you can treat it in the same way as the boundary area method, or if the line is halfway and the destination is undefined, the boundary line The same treatment as the boundary zone method can be performed by devising the treatment. This is a category of applied boundary zone law. As the problem is described and analyzed, sub-worlds, boundaries, groups of sub-worlds, weights, values when boundaries change or associate, etc. are automatically calculated and generated. In this process, the problem can be seen, the solution plan can be seen, the model can be seen, and the solution can be made. This can be achieved mainly by computer simulation.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The boundary area method refines the analysis of a problem by describing the target problem qualitatively and definitively,
In the process or as a result, a problem is discovered and a solution is found. Or, when a new idea is needed, it is self-analyzed, and it gets hints from a wide range of other useful worlds and fields, and it is analyzed and used for ideas. As a deeper analysis and examination, numerical studies and optimization studies will be conducted. In addition, by further advancing the analysis, it is possible to combine it with other methods or evaluation methods, and to analyze problems that take advantage of the concept of the boundary area method when viewed from a large scale, It is possible to further develop the application. The problem analysis model can be directly developed into a solution calculation model.

[0013]

Example 1 Example 1 There is a problem of adding a parking lot in a condominium housing complex. In this housing complex, the number of own parking lots was 40% of the total number of units. By renting an external parking lot, I owned more than one car per house. There has always been a strong desire from car users to build their own parking lot. It happened that the residents of the housing complex panicked because there was no longer any outside parking lot that the housing complex had preferentially rented. Taking this opportunity, there was a growing voice calling for the removal of the green space in the estate and the addition of an own parking lot. The construction cost has a reserve fund until then,
There will be no problems in the management of the housing complex and the parking lot, since the income from the parking lot will be earned after the construction. The problem is that of the existing parking lots, 10% of the total number of units are sold with exclusive use rights, and the residents of this type of residence have no advantage in the additional construction. In addition, there are dwelling units that do not own cars, so this inhabitant has no advantage. Further shaving the green space and replacing it with a parking lot,
There are some residents who like the green area and bought it because they liked the environment, but the change to the parking lot is a definite environmental deterioration, which is a negative factor. There are also the negatives of increased traffic, increased noise, and no playground. The above are the main problems. The estate management association first considered Plan 1. Most green spaces will be converted into parking lots, and 11% of the total number of parking lots will be secured. Two dwelling units with exclusive use rights can be used. The other one can be used. However, environmental deterioration is severe. This plan was judged to have a big downside and was rejected. After that, the management union formed a specialized committee and spent three years thinking about Plan 2. The plan is to change to a parking lot while leaving the image of a green area as much as possible, and 90% of the total number of parking lots will be secured inside the complex. The other 10% will be permanently rented outside. The right to use two dwelling units with exclusive use rights is given. Others have the right to use one. Approximately estimate the number of dwelling units that do not use this right, allow some room, and use that amount as a guest parking lot. This proposal was approved by almost all the families. Green spaces have decreased and replaced with parking lots, but parking fees have been earned, which is beneficial to residents of private units with exclusive use rights and those who do not own cars, which seemed to have no advantage. Brought. After that, the housing complex is in good business condition, and the trees in the remaining green areas grow over the years, and no environmental deterioration is felt. Let us describe this problem by the boundary area method. The position of each house will be expressed in the boundary area. As an attribute that describes the boundary area, there is a dedicated parking lot p, and there is no dedicated parking lot * p. Car used c, unused * c. No, not bothered by additional expansion *
m. Note that * is used here to mean a complementary attribute. The position of each house is as follows. Position 1: [p, c, m]: Opposite or neutral. Position 2: [p, * c, m]: Opposite or neutral. Position 3: [* p, c, m]: Yes, no, or against. Position 4: [* p, * c, m]: Neutral or opposite. Position 5: [p, c, * m]: Opposite or neutral. Position 6: [p, * c, * m]: Opposite or neutral. Position 7: [* p, c, * m]: Yes. Position 8: [* p, * c, * m]: Neutral. In Plan 1, the influence of m is large, so the opposition became the mainstream in most positions. In Plan 2, the effect of m was somewhat smaller. Also, as new attributes, we set r to receive profit from expansion and * r not to receive profit, and this recognition has spread over three years. For example, even in the case of Standing 1, almost no approval was obtained, and approval was obtained depending on the size of r. Position 1: [p, c, m, r]: Yes, no, or against. Similarly, all other positions can agree, and depending on the size of r, almost all can agree.
Note that * r cannot be here. In this example, in Plan 1, the designation is 3 terms, and in Plan 2, the designation is 4 terms. It seems that if all four units were used from the beginning, and m was made small and r was made large, the approval of all the households was quickly obtained, but the most important point of the problem is not known at first. In the case of this problem, I was able to proceed to Plan 2 because there was a rejection of Plan 1. This issue aims to be unanimous.

Example 2 There is an example of further study on the problem of adding a parking lot in a condominium housing complex. Although Example 1 aims for unanimity,
Legally, in the case of this problem, construction is possible if a majority of the people agree. From the beginning, the position is specified in item 4. Consider the proportion of each position in the total. Position n is X
Let it be n percent. Position 1: [p, c, m, r]: Opposite or neutral. Position 2: [p, * c, m, r]: Opposite or neutral. Position 3: [* p, c, m, r]: Yes or No. Position 4: [* p, * c, m, r]: Neutral or opposition. Position 5: [p, c, * m, r]: Opposition or neutral. Position 6: [p, * c, * m, r]: Opposite or neutral. Position 7: [* p, c, * m, r]: Yes. Position 8: [* p, * c, * m, r]: Neutral or agreeable. In the case of this problem, X7 is originally large, and next is X3. X7
If you add all of X3 to, it is enough half. It can be said that construction is possible by increasing the approval of X3 and increasing r until the total of the approval is more than half. Although only the positions 7 and 3 are considered above, all positions can be considered. If you increase r, you will get more approvals from all positions. While increasing r, you will seek the total of approvals from all positions, and the total r will be the majority.
It should be noted that although there are matters that legally require three-fourths and four-fifths, the same method can be applied.

Example 3 There is a problem of a housing complex festival in a condominium housing complex. In a housing complex, a management union sponsors a housing complex festival every summer for the sake of fellowship among the residents, but it has become a mere corpse over the years. Participants have the same face each year, and non-participants do not participate at all. This is not enough to build a relationship between people who do not normally talk. Every year, people who help with preparation complain of people who do not participate or people who do not help, and there is also the side that it gets worse when it gets worse. Those who are enthusiastic about the festival urge all members to participate actively,
I also keep a record of participation. Many residents go home soon after a little social interaction. Legally, there is no problem for the management union to host recreational events such as housing complex festivals. In some condominium management books, communication is encouraged. On the other hand, according to another technical book, the management union is an organization whose purpose is to protect shared property such as buildings and to maintain the environment, and management expenses and the duties of the directors should meet that purpose. There is also a statement to the effect that it should be avoided as much as possible. In addition, voluntary participation is mandatory for this kind of event. From this point of view, in the case of this housing complex, the expense of the festival is spent from the administrative cost, and since it is the same as compulsory participation, it can be said that it is illegal. Also, I'm looking forward to drinking alcohol at the festival, and I'm paying for it with administrative expenses, but this seems to be problematic. This complex is not part of the existing neighborhood association. It is necessary to decide whether to continue, to revise it to a form that does not question illegality, or to cancel it. Let us consider this problem by the boundary area method. Describe the purpose, function, work content, etc. of the management association that has shared property and is legally forced to participate, and the association or neighborhood association that does not have shared property and is not forced to participate in the boundary area. Note that * indicates a complementary attribute. Management union: [compulsory enrollment, compulsory right, maintenance of shared property, maintenance of environment, collection of management costs, legal obligations and responsibilities of the union, business contents that meet the purpose of the union, use of management costs that meet the purpose of the union]. Neighborhood Association: [* compulsory joining, * compulsory right, * maintenance of shared property,
* Maintenance of environment, collection of residents' association fees, legal obligations and responsibilities of residents' associations, business contents that meet the residents'association's purpose, use of residents'association's expenses to meet the residents'association's purpose]. Consider from this description. The management union has a very different character from the residents' association and neighborhood association. The first problem is that the recognition of this point is generally weak. The management union is a compulsory participation, and many operations are compulsory. However, the scope of the coercion should only extend to the part that serves the original purpose of the union. For example, large-scale repair and rebuilding. It is necessary to get close to each other, and it is effective at the start of management, but still compulsory may be a problem. It would be a problem for directors to prepare and run festivals, and allocate administrative expenses to the cost of alcohol. Due to the nature of the festival, it will inevitably come out to a certain extent, but the events of the management union will be limited to meetings where tea and sweets are served at most.
Therefore, if you want to hold a festival, you will need to create a neighborhood association, neighborhood association or club instead of a management union. Strictly speaking, it can be said that the current events at this estate are highly illegal. At a minimum, the freedom and the right not to participate will be guaranteed for those who do not want to participate. The above may be said to be an exact solution, but it is also true that management unions cannot operate well without knowing each other well. People who do not participate even if they create a community association will not participate. As a management union, it is necessary to have a mechanism to encourage the above meeting level. This would be the border of the management union.

[0016]

[Effects of the Invention] When the boundary area method is used, anyone can limit the theme and search for a solution to a wide range of objects, especially complex problems, to create ideas for dramatic solutions, create them, and sort out related problems. You can get support for prediction, evaluation, learning, etc.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A single or a plurality of attributes or partial worlds are consecutively specified and used to describe an existing or unknown object.
A logical process centered on the AND process and the OR process is applied to the continuous designated column to specify the target range.
Each of these specified sequences is also a boundary line. A boundary area is created by enclosing this boundary line. In the process of making this, I proceed to a more straightforward and definite description. At the same time, through analysis, it may lead to new ideas, more accurate understanding and recognition of objects, and new problem solving. It is also possible to analyze different boundary areas, different time points of the same boundary area, and expressions of different actors in the same boundary area. New attributes and sub-worlds for testing new ideas come from the subject itself or other worlds or fields or inspirations. Then, creative concepts and means are devised and created. The basic concept of the boundary zone method explained above. 2. The present invention proceeds to embodying the basic concept of the boundary zone method of claim 1 and clarifying its function. First, it has a function to omit description for consecutive specified columns. As a result, the description with a long boundary area is organized in an easy-to-understand manner. Next, it has a focusing function that focuses the current topic or interest in a certain area. Next, for each successive designated column, each designation, that is, the superiority or inferiority, strength, weakness, restraint, order, meaning, value of each attribute or partial world, that is, the boundary line can be measured. It can be measured by the change in the boundary area when the line is added, or the change when the line is moved. Sensitivity or value sensitivity. Also, the order of the designated arrangement can be optimized depending on the conditions. It has a function to determine the minimum specified number judged from the effect of each specification and to optimize the description order by setting the optimization criteria to the efficiency of description. It has a function of grasping and using the relation between the operation of designation, that is, addition, deletion, and update of the boundary line and the fluctuation of the boundary area, and a function of rearranging and correcting the boundary line arrangement. The above is the relation between the boundary line and the boundary region and the relation between the boundary line and the boundary line using it. In the relation between the boundary region and the boundary region, the relations such as the distance and the order between many boundary regions are There are functions required, functions to change relationships, and functions to create new partial worlds from multiple boundaries. The use of such a function is effective for finding a new problem and solving a problem from the description of the target problem. It is effective for thinking, creation, problem sorting, evaluation, search, learning, etc. The basic boundary zone method described above. 3. Basically, when adding an attribute or the like in a column such as an attribute for designating a boundary area, a variable or numerical value having a meaning is added to the attribute or the like and designated. It is possible to add the sensitivity or value sensitivity of the boundary line described in the basic boundary method, value sensitivity, or creation sensitivity, creation impact, etc. that correspond to the meaning set by the user, and commonly used indicators such as priority. It is also possible to set. The number of variables or numerical values is arbitrary. It can be used in various ways and is free. Another method is to specify the value as a variable or a numerical value according to a procedure based on a certain constraint, and then to determine the value by optimal calculation or inverse calculation and then return the numerical value. The numerical boundary region method described above. 4. The sequence of continuous attributes and partial worlds of the basic boundary region method of claim 2 is one attribute and one partial world, but a function consisting of attributes and partial worlds is If you describe an object by replacing it with an attribute or a partial world, you can handle more complicated objects. In some cases, a pair of specifications, such as a range surrounded by multiple boundaries, makes sense. If you can handle this as a whole, you can handle more complicated objects as a whole. In addition, the evaluation value or calculated value used in the basic boundary area method or some variable value or evaluated value used in the numerical boundary area method of claim 3 may be replaced with the calculated value or evaluated value of another evaluation method or problem solving method. , Combination,
By referencing each other, more diverse applications are possible. Also, the same method can be used for the same type of problem, and the same solution can be used in a large scale. There is also a way to take advantage of this. In addition, the concept of boundary zone law will be further developed or rigorously refined by continuously adding attributes and partial worlds, and problems or expressions that enter new worlds or situations will also fall under the category of applied boundary zone law. enter. Also, if you loosen the definition of the boundary line and specify the boundary line with the center line and width specification, you can treat it in the same way as the boundary area method, or if the line is halfway and the destination is undefined, the boundary line The boundary region method can be treated in the same way by devising the treatment. This is also a category of applied boundary law. As the problem is described and analyzed, sub-worlds, boundaries, groups of sub-worlds, weights, values when boundaries change or associate, etc. are automatically calculated and generated. In this process, the problem can be seen, the solution plan can be seen, the model can be seen, and the solution can be made. This can be achieved mainly by computer simulation. The applied boundary region method described above.