JP2003205233A - Ultrahigh pressure producing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrahigh pressure producing method and apparatus for producing an ultrahigh pressure which can not be produced conventionally. <P>SOLUTION: A high pressure induction material expanding a volume by the breaking of the bond between atoms is housed to confine the expansion of the volume in a space having a confining means 1 and at least a part of the space is formed from light energy transmissive materials 1a, 1b. The ultrahigh pressure is produced in the space by emitting light energy from the outside to the high pressure induction material confined in the space through the light energy transmissive materials by a light energy emission means and heating the high pressure induction material by the emitted light energy to break the bond between the atoms and utilizing the power of the expansion of the volume of the high pressure induction material produced by the breaking of the bond between the atoms. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultrahigh pressure generating method and apparatus, and more particularly, to an ultrahigh pressure generated in a void by utilizing light energy injected from the outside into the void formed by a light energy transmitting material. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for generating ultra high pressure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Until now, diamond and cubic nitriding have been performed.
As a high-pressure device that can be used for the synthesis of boron, etc.
Belt high pressure equipment, multi-anvil high pressure equipment, etc.
However, with these devices, 10 GPa (100,000 atmospheric pressure) or more
It is difficult to generate high pressure. These devices generate static high pressure
The pressure chamber can be up to 200c.
m ³Have been developed with a volume of. But 10
High pressure close to 0 GPa or higher
Not possible with these devices, diamond anvil height
By a dynamic method utilizing a pressure device or shock compression.
Can not be achieved.

[0003]

However, the pressure chamber volume obtained by the diamond anvil high-pressure apparatus is only 10 ^-9 cm ³ . There are explosives method and shock gun method in the dynamic ultra-high pressure generation method using shock wave, but the equipment is large, and the high pressure maintenance time is extremely short at about 1 μs, and it exceeds 1 TPa by these methods. The occurrence of high pressure has not been reported. The only reports on the generation of ultra-high pressures exceeding 1 TPa relate to experiments using underground nuclear explosions and high-power lasers developed for laser fusion research. However, the high pressure maintenance time obtained by these methods is only on the order of ns.

The diamond anvil high-pressure apparatus is difficult to industrially apply due to the extremely small volume of the high-pressure chamber, and it is impossible to generate a high pressure of 1 TPa. In the conventional dynamic high pressure generation method, the high pressure maintaining time is extremely short, and it can only be applied to the case of irreversible phase transformation in material synthesis, and its application range is extremely narrow.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and a main object thereof is to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method and apparatus capable of producing a large ultrahigh pressure which has never been obtained. .

Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method and device capable of achieving a longer high pressure maintaining time than ever before.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method and device capable of realizing a larger ultrahigh pressure space as compared with the prior art.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method and device capable of generating ultrahigh pressure by inputting an energy that is orders of magnitude smaller than in the prior art.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method and apparatus capable of generating a high temperature required for material synthesis together with a high pressure in a material intended for pressurization and heating, and controlling the high temperature. There is.

[0010]

The present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, provides a method for decomposing bonds between atoms in a cavity formed at least in part by a light-transmissive material. A high-pressure inducing material that expands in volume is accommodated while restraining its volume expansion, and the high-pressure inducing material is heated by the light energy injected from the outside through the light-transmitting material to decompose the bonds between the atoms, An ultrahigh pressure generating method is characterized in that an ultrahigh pressure is generated in the void by utilizing a force of volume expansion of the high pressure inducing material due to decomposition of a bond between the two.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, at least a part of the cavity in which the high-pressure inducing material that expands in volume due to the decomposition of bonds between atoms is bound by the expansion of the material is formed of a light-transmissive material. Then, the high-pressure induced material is heated by the light energy injected into the high-pressure induced material from the outside through the light transmissive material to decompose the bonds between the atoms, and the force of the volume expansion of the high-pressure induced material due to the decomposition of the bonds between the atoms. Is used to generate ultra high pressure in the space,
The light energy injected into the high-voltage-induced material need only be small enough to be heated to the temperature necessary to decompose the bonds between atoms, and also by decomposing against the large force that bonds the atoms. Since the obtained force of volume expansion is very large, the ultra high pressure generated in the void that restricts the volume expansion is also very large.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh voltage generating method according to the first aspect, the optical energy is injected by irradiating the high voltage inducing material with pulsed laser light through the light transmissive material. It lies in the characteristic method of generating ultra-high pressure.

According to the second aspect of the invention, since the high-voltage inducing material is irradiated with the pulsed laser light through the light-transmissive material to inject the light energy, the light having the wavelength suitable for heating the high-voltage inducing material is used. By controlling the intensity of the pulsed laser beam and its duration using an existing pulsed laser device that generates a laser beam, light energy can be injected efficiently and adjusted.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh pressure generating method according to the second aspect, the light transmissive material is a material having a high light transmittance with respect to the pulsed laser light. In the way.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the light transmissive material has a high light transmissivity for the pulsed laser light, the light energy from the outside is efficiently transmitted, the temperature rise due to absorption is difficult to occur, and the damage is caused accordingly. The thermal stress that causes is also less likely to occur.

The invention according to claim 4 resides in the ultrahigh pressure generating method according to claim 3, wherein the light transmissive material is sapphire.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 4, since sapphire has a smaller reflectance than diamond and is inexpensive and a relatively large crystal can be obtained at a low cost, a void for generating an ultrahigh pressure is formed. It is convenient as a material.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh pressure generating method according to the first aspect, the high-voltage inducing material is a single material having a large light absorption coefficient and a large interatomic bonding force, or a light absorption coefficient and an atom. An ultrahigh pressure generating method is characterized in that it is made by compounding materials having at least one of a large interbonding force, and is composed of a composite material having a large light absorption coefficient and interatomic bonding force as a whole.

According to the fifth aspect of the invention, since the high-voltage inducing material is made of a material having a large light absorption coefficient and a large interatomic coupling force, a large volume expansion force can be obtained even if the energy injected from the outside is small. You will get it. In addition, since the high-voltage inducing material is made of a composite material having at least one of a high light absorption coefficient and a high interatomic bonding force, and is composed of a composite material having a high light absorption coefficient and a high interatomic bonding force as a whole, The combination makes it possible to control the generation of ultra-high pressure and its subsequent change pattern.

The invention according to claim 6 resides in the method for generating ultrahigh pressure according to claim 5, wherein the bond between the atoms is a covalent bond, a metal bond or a hydrogen bond. .

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the high-voltage inducing material can be selected and used from covalent bond, metal bond, or hydrogen bond materials having a large interatomic bond force, if necessary. Therefore, the high-pressure inducing material can control the temperature gradient in the high-pressure inducing material by controlling the temperature gradient in the high-pressure inducing material by the combination of the light absorption coefficient, the interatomic bonding force, and the like.

The invention according to claim 7 resides in the method for generating ultrahigh pressure according to claim 5, wherein the single material is graphite.

According to the invention described in claim 7, since graphite is a material of covalent bond having a high light absorption property and a large bonding force, it can be preferably used alone as a high voltage inducing material.

According to the eighth aspect of the invention, in the ultrahigh pressure generating method according to the second aspect, the beam diameter of the pulsed laser light with which the high voltage inducing material is irradiated through the light transmissive material is:
An ultrahigh pressure generating method is characterized in that the minimum beam diameter is adjusted so as to be formed ahead of the high pressure inducing material.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the beam diameter of the pulsed laser light for irradiating the high voltage inducing material through the light transmissive material is adjusted so that the minimum beam diameter is formed ahead of the high voltage inducing material. Therefore, the peak of the pulsed laser light is not located in the light transmissive material, and thus the local temperature rise in the light transmissive material can be prevented.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, at least graphite is contained as a high-pressure inducing material in the void formed by the sapphire anvil of a high-pressure device using a sapphire anvil having optical transparency, and its volume expansion is restricted, By irradiating the graphite in a restrained state with a pulsed laser from outside the sapphire anvil, the bonds between the atoms of the graphite are decomposed, and the force obtained by the decomposition is used in the space containing the graphite. An ultrahigh pressure generation method is characterized by generating ultrahigh pressure.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, at least a part of the space containing at least graphite that expands in volume due to the decomposition of bonds between atoms is bound by the expansion of volume and is formed of a light-transmissive material. , Graphite is heated by the light energy injected into the graphite from the outside through the light-transmitting material to decompose the covalent bond between the atoms, and the volume expansion of the graphite due to the decomposition of the covalent bond between the atoms is used to empty the graphite. Since the ultra-high pressure is generated inside the plant, the light energy injected into the graphite is efficiently absorbed by the graphite and quickly heats the graphite to the temperature required to decompose the covalent bonds between the atoms, so a small one can be used. In addition, since the force of volume expansion obtained by decomposing against the large force covalently bonding between atoms is very large, it is generated in the void that restricts the volume expansion. Ultra-high pressure which is also very large.

In a tenth aspect of the present invention, when the sample subjected to the ultrahigh pressure in the void is in a powder form, the ultrahigh pressure is generated by the method before the ultrahigh pressure is generated by the ultrahigh pressure generating method according to the first to ninth aspects. Light energy smaller than the light energy injected from the outside through the light transmissive material is injected from the outside through the light transmissive material, and the injected light energy decomposes the interatomic bond of the high-voltage inducing material to cause the empty space. The ultrahigh pressure generating method is characterized in that after the ultrahigh pressure is generated in the plant, the volume of the void is reduced.

According to the tenth aspect of the invention, when the sample to be subjected to the ultrahigh pressure in the void is powdery, the sample which cannot be removed by restraint prior to the generation of the full-scale ultrahigh pressure in the void. Since it is possible to reduce the microscopic pores of the super-high pressure generated in advance,
When full-scale ultra-high pressure is generated in a void, the peak value of the generated ultra-high pressure can be higher and the duration can be longer.

The invention according to claim 11 has a void for accommodating the high-pressure inducing material that expands in volume due to the decomposition of bonds between atoms while restraining the volume expansion, and at least a part of the void is included. A restraint means formed of a material having a light energy transmitting property, and a light energy injecting means for injecting light energy into the high pressure inducing material restrained in the cavity from the outside through the light energy transmitting material are provided. , Heating the high pressure inducing material by the light energy injected by the light energy injecting means to decompose the bonds between the atoms, and utilizing the force of volume expansion of the high pressure inducing material caused by the decomposition of the bonds between the atoms. And an ultra-high pressure generator for producing an ultra-high pressure in the void.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the high-pressure inducing material that expands in volume due to the decomposition of the bond between the atoms is accommodated in the empty space of the restraining means by restricting the volume expansion, and at least the empty space is contained. A part is formed of a material having a light energy transmitting property. The light energy injection means injects light energy from the outside into the high voltage inducing material, which is confined in the void, through the light energy transmitting material, and heats the high voltage inducing material by the injected light energy to bond between the atoms. Ultrahigh pressure is generated in the void by utilizing the force of the volume expansion of the high pressure inducing material caused by the decomposition and the decomposition of the bond between the atoms. Therefore, the light energy injected into the high-voltage inducing material may be small enough to be heated to the temperature necessary for breaking the bonds between atoms,
In addition, the force of volume expansion obtained by decomposing against the large force that bonds the atoms is very large, so the ultra high pressure generated in the void that restricts the volume expansion is also very large. Will be things.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh voltage generator according to the eleventh aspect, the light energy injection means generates a laser beam which is transmitted through the light energy transmitting material and irradiates the high voltage inducing material. The present invention resides in an ultrahigh voltage generator having a pulsed laser device.

According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the pulse laser device provided in the light energy injection means generates a laser beam which passes through the light energy transmitting material and irradiates the high voltage inducing material. Efficient and adjusted injection of light energy by controlling the intensity and duration of the pulsed laser beam using an existing pulsed laser device that produces a laser beam with a wavelength suitable for heating. You can

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh voltage generator according to the eleventh aspect, the light energy injecting means has a minimum beam diameter of the laser beam before passing through the light energy transmitting material. The ultrahigh voltage generator further comprises a diaphragm means for narrowing the beam diameter so as to be formed ahead of the inducing material, and further comprising diaphragm means for determining the size of the irradiation spot of the laser beam on the high voltage inducing material.

According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the diaphragm means included in the light energy injection means is such that the minimum beam diameter of the laser beam is formed ahead of the high-voltage inducing material before passing through the light energy transmitting material. Since the beam diameter is narrowed down to determine the size of the irradiation spot of the laser beam on the high-voltage inducing material, the peak of the pulsed laser light is not located in the light-transmissive material, and the local area in the light-transmissive material is reduced accordingly. The temperature rise can be prevented.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh voltage generator according to the eleventh aspect, the optical energy injecting means divides the laser beam into a plurality of pieces, and the divided laser beam is confined in the void. The ultra-high pressure generator further comprises light splitting means for irradiating the high-voltage inducing material from a plurality of different directions.

According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the light splitting means included in the light energy injection means splits the laser beam into a plurality of laser beams, and the split laser beam is different from the high-voltage inducing material constrained in the void. Since the irradiation is performed from a plurality of directions, a larger volume expansion occurs in the void and a larger ultrahigh pressure is generated as compared with the case where the irradiation is performed from only one direction.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh voltage generator according to the tenth aspect, the material is housed in the void together with the high pressure inducing material, emits fluorescence when excited by a laser beam for excitation, and has a wavelength of the sky. It has a wavelength transition material that transitions according to the magnitude of the pressure in the place, and a wavelength measuring means for measuring the wavelength of the fluorescence emitted by the wavelength transition material, and the inside of the void according to the wavelength measured by the wavelength measuring means. The ultrahigh pressure generator further comprises pressure measuring means for measuring the pressure of the ultrahigh pressure generated in the above.

According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the wavelength transition material which emits fluorescence in the cavity together with the high-pressure inducing material by excitation with the laser beam for excitation, and the wavelength of which transitions according to the magnitude of pressure in the cavity. The pressure measuring means measures the ultra-high pressure generated in the cavity based on the wavelength of the fluorescence emitted by the wavelength transition material measured by the wavelength measuring means. Alternatively, it is possible to know the state of generation of ultra-high pressure, which changes depending on how the light energy is injected, by measurement.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the ultrahigh pressure generator according to the tenth aspect, when the high pressure inducing material is decomposed, the wavelength of radiant light radiated from the inside of the void is measured, and the measured wavelength is measured. The ultrahigh pressure generator further comprises temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature in the space.

According to the sixteenth aspect of the invention, when the high pressure inducing material is decomposed, the temperature measuring means measures the wavelength of the radiant light radiated from the inside of the cavity, and the temperature in the space is measured by the measured wavelength. Therefore, it is possible to know the temperature at the moment when the bonds between the atoms of the high-voltage-induced material are decomposed by the use of different kinds of high-pressure-induced materials or the way of injecting the light energy, and the change in the temperature in the void thereafter. be able to.

[0042]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An ultrahigh pressure generating method according to the present invention and an ultrahigh pressure generating apparatus for generating an ultrahigh pressure using the method will be described below with reference to the drawings showing an embodiment thereof.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an ultrahigh pressure generating apparatus according to the present invention for carrying out the ultrahigh pressure generating method according to the present invention. In the figure, the ultra-high pressure generator has a space (not shown) for containing the high-pressure inducing material that expands in volume due to the decomposition of bonds between atoms while restraining the volume expansion. At least a part of the high voltage device 1 constitutes a restraining means formed of a material having a light energy transmitting property. Details of the high pressure device 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the high-voltage device 1 comprises a pair of sapphire anvils 1a made of a light energy transmitting material.
And 1b, a gasket 1c forming a cavity 1'for accommodating the high-pressure inducing material 2 together with the pair of sapphire anvils 1a and 1b, and a pair of sapphire anvils 1a for sandwiching the gasket 1c with high pressure from both sides thereof.
And a clamp (not shown) for holding 1b.

The gasket 1c shown in the drawing is sandwiched by a pair of sapphire anvils 1a and 1b by a high pressure of about 5 GPa (gigapascal) from both sides thereof, so that the part on which the sapphire anvil is in contact is crushed and the periphery thereof is crushed. Although it is shown in a deformed state so as to rise, it is made of, for example, copper beryllium having a thickness of, for example, 0.2 mm and having a through hole 1c ′ having a diameter of, for example, 0.15 mm in the state before being sandwiched and deformed. It was a flat plate. The volume of the empty space 1'obtained by the above is 3.5
It is 3 mm ³ . In general, a flat plate made of a material that is relatively soft, such as copper beryllium or copper, and that does not damage the sapphire anvil surface by applying pressure is used as the gasket.

Returning to FIG. 1 again, in the ultrahigh pressure generator, a pair of sapphire anvils 1a and 1b are attached to the high pressure inducing material which is constrained in the cavity of the high pressure device 1.
A laser light irradiating device that constitutes a light energy injecting means for injecting light energy from the outside through. The laser light irradiation device is a pair of sapphire anvils 1a and 1b.
It has a pulsed laser device 3a for generating a laser beam which passes through and irradiates the high-voltage inducing material. As the pulse laser device 3a, for example, a YAG laser is applied, and in the embodiment, a pulse YAG laser using a slab type Nd: YAG crystal capable of oscillating a high-power laser with good beam quality is adopted. In this pulse laser device 3a, the output level of the pulse laser to be output and its duration can be adjusted arbitrarily.

The laser beam irradiating device also includes a first reflecting mirror 3b1 for reflecting the laser beam output from the pulse laser device 3a in a perpendicular direction, and a direction reflected by the first reflecting mirror 3b1 for a further perpendicular direction. Second reflecting mirror 3
b2 and the two reflecting mirrors 3b1 and 3b2 change the direction of the laser beam to the direction opposite to the emission direction from the pulse laser device 3a. The reason will be described later.

The pulse laser device 3a is a slab type Nd: Y.
Due to the use of the AG crystal, the spot of the laser beam becomes rectangular, and the vertical and horizontal spread characteristics are different, and the beam shape becomes more rectangular as the distance increases. Therefore, the laser light irradiation device also inserts an aperture having a circular hole into the laser device resonator, so that the pulse laser device 3a and the first
Of the laser beam between the first reflecting mirror 3b1 and between the first reflecting mirror 3b1 and the second reflecting mirror 3b2 so that the beam pattern can be prevented from being rectangular and the laser output can be effectively used. First pupil transfer lens 3c
The first and second pupil transfer lenses 3c2 are provided so that a laser beam having a round spot shape can be obtained.

The laser beam irradiator is further provided with a sapphire anvil 1a on one side of the high-voltage inducing material which is reflected by the second reflecting mirror 3b2 and is confined in the void of the high-voltage apparatus 1.
A diaphragm lens as a diaphragm means that narrows the beam diameter so that the minimum beam diameter of the laser beam that is transmitted through the laser beam is formed ahead of the high-voltage inducing material, and determines the size of the irradiation spot of the laser beam on the high-voltage inducing material. 3d1 and the objective lens 3d2, and a monitoring system 3e used for focusing the objective lens 3d2 and setting the laser beam irradiation position and the spot diameter. When setting the laser beam irradiation position and the spot diameter, a neutral density filter (not shown) is placed on the optical path of the laser beam.

Aperture lens 3d1 and objective lens 3d2
Are interlocked with each other, and the focus of the objective lens 3d2 is
When aligned with the interface between the sapphire anvil 1a and the high-voltage inducing material 2 shown in FIG. 2, the beam diameter of the laser beam transmitted through the diaphragm lens 3d1 and the objective lens 3d2 substantially matches the shape of the end surface of the high-pressure inducing material 2 at the interface. Thus, the diaphragm lens 3d1 is automatically adjusted.

In the monitoring system 3e, the illuminating light from the illuminating light source 3e1 is reflected by the beam splitter 3e2 and is incident through the objective lens 3d2 to illuminate the interface between the sapphire anvil 1a and the high-voltage inducing material 2, and the interface is illuminated. The state of is captured by the CCD camera 3e4 through the objective lens 3d2 and the beam splitters 3e2 and 3e3, and is displayed on the monitor 3e5. While observing the interface displayed on the monitor 3e5, the focus of the objective lens 3d2 is It is adjusted so that it is clearly projected and fitted on the interface.

As described above, when the objective lens 3d2 is focused, the beam diameter of the laser beam substantially matches the shape of the end surface of the high-voltage inducing material 2 at the interface. Then, when a low-level pulse laser beam for trial is emitted from the pulse laser device 3a, the spot of the laser beam irradiated on the high-voltage inducing material 2 on the interface can be observed by the monitor 3e5, and the beam diameter at the interface is changed. It can be confirmed whether or not the shape of the end surface of the high-voltage inducing material 2 substantially matches. After it is confirmed that they substantially match, the beam splitters 3e2 and 3e3 of the monitoring system 3e are moved to the outside of the optical path of the laser beam, as indicated by the arrow in the figure.

As described above, after adjusting the irradiation position and the irradiation diameter of the pulse laser using the monitoring system 3e, the monitoring system 3e
The beam splitters 3e2 and 3e3 are moved out of the optical path of the laser beam, and the pulse laser device 3a outputs a laser beam of a predetermined level and duration. This laser beam is used for the pupil transfer lens 3c1 and the first reflecting mirror 3b.
1, a pupil transfer lens 3c2, a second reflecting mirror 3b2, a diaphragm lens 3d1 as a diaphragm means, and an objective lens 3d2,
And the high pressure inducing material 2 housed in the void 1'with its volume expansion restrained through the sapphire anvil 1a.
Due to the irradiation of the laser beam, the bonds between the atoms of the high-voltage inducing material 2 heated are decomposed and the volume expansion occurs. The force of volume expansion caused by the decomposition of bonds between atoms is very large, and an ultrahigh pressure is generated in the void 1 '.

The ultrahigh pressure generator shown in FIG. 1 has a pressure measuring system as a pressure measuring means for measuring the ultrahigh pressure generated in the void 1'and the void 1 when the high pressure inducing material 2 is decomposed. Measure the wavelength of the radiant light emitted from the inside of the space 1 '
A temperature measuring system as a temperature measuring means for measuring the internal temperature is further provided. Before explaining the configurations of the pressure measuring system and the temperature measuring system, the principle of the pressure measuring system and the temperature measuring system will be described with reference to FIG.
Will be described with reference to.

As shown in FIG. 3, the high pressure inducing material 2 and the sapphire anvil 1b forming a cavity 1'with the gasket 1c sandwiched between them and the sapphire anvil 1a through which the pulsed laser beam B is transmitted. A ruby 4a as a wavelength transition material is housed together with the high pressure inducing material 2 in the space 1'so as to be located near the interface. The interatomic bonds of the high-pressure inducing material 2 heated by the irradiation of the laser beam are decomposed, and the volume expansion force generated by this decomposition is generated through the high-pressure inducing material 2 in the cavity 1 ′ and the interface with the sapphire anvil 1 b. And the generated ultra high pressure is applied to the ruby 4a as the wavelength transition material.

The ruby 4a is excited by being irradiated with the exciting laser beam B1 through the sapphire anvil 1b and emits fluorescence B11. Its wavelength is added to the ruby 4a in the void 1 '. It changes according to the magnitude of the applied pressure. Therefore, the fluorescence B emitted by the ruby 4a
By measuring the 11 wavelengths, the magnitude of the ultrahigh pressure generated in the void 1'can be measured.

Further, in a state in which the laser beam for excitation B1 has not been transmitted through the sapphire anvil 1b, the high pressure at the interface with the sapphire anvil 1b emitted through the sapphire anvil 1b from inside the cavity 1 '. To measure the spectrum of the radiated light B2 from the inductive material 2, that is, the pressure surface, and to remove the influence of the measured spectrum when transmitting through the optical system, the measurement wavelength is corrected by the measurement result of the reference light and It is possible to measure the temperature of the pressure surface in the void 1'where high pressure is generated.

Returning to FIG. 1 again, the pressure measuring system and the temperature measuring system send the excitation laser beam B1 to the ruby 4
Objective lens 4b for irradiating a and objective lens 4
and a monitoring system 4c used for focusing of b.

The monitoring system 4c has almost the same structure as the monitoring system 3e, and the illumination light from the illumination light source 4c1 is reflected by the beam splitter 4c2 and is incident through the objective lens 4b to enter the sapphire anvil 1b and the high-voltage inducing material. The interface with 2 is illuminated, and the state of this interface is indicated by the objective lens 4b.
And the CCD via the beam splitters 4c2 and 4c3
By taking an image with the camera 4c4 and projecting it on the monitor 4c5, the objective lens 4b is focused on the interface while observing the interface projected on the monitor 4c5, and the interface is adjusted so that it is clearly projected on the monitor 4c5.

After the objective lens 4b is focused on the interface, the beam splitters 4c2 and 4c3 of the monitoring system 4c are used.
Are moved out of the optical path, as indicated by the arrows in the figure.
When measuring the pressure, the beam splitter 4 of the monitoring system 4c
An argon laser (not shown) that generates an excitation laser beam B1 with c2 and 4c3 moved out of the optical path.
Laser beam from the beam splitter (not shown)
After being reflected by, the ruby 4a in the space 1'is irradiated through the objective lens 4b, and the ruby 4a is excited to emit fluorescence B11. The fluorescence emitted by the ruby 4a passes through a beam splitter (not shown) and is sent to a spectroscope (not shown) to be dispersed.

When measuring the temperature, the radiant light B2 from the pressure surface of the sapphire anvil 1b is collimated by the objective lens 4b and sent to a spectroscope (not shown) to measure its spectrum. After correcting the wavelength, the temperature on the pressure surface in the void 1'where the ultrahigh pressure is generated is measured. 4d is a notch filter for pulsed laser wavelength, which is for blocking only the pulsed laser wavelength light so that the pulsed laser light does not reach the measuring system and damage the measuring optical system.

Using the ultrahigh pressure generator having the above structure,
A graphite powder as a high-voltage inducing material is housed in a space 1'formed by a pair of sapphire anvils 1a and 1b of the high-pressure apparatus 1 together with a gasket 1c while restricting the volume expansion together with a ruby 4a, and a pulse composed of a YAG laser is used. The laser device 3a generates a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength of 1060 nm and a duration of about 0.5 ms as shown in FIG. 4 through one of the sapphire anvils 1a and irradiates it to heat graphite to decompose covalent bonds between atoms. And then ruby 4a
The fluorescence emitted from was dispersed by a spectroscope and the change in wavelength with time was measured, and the spectral characteristics shown in FIG. 5B were obtained. As can be seen from the scale of pressure shown corresponding to the wavelength in the figure, in the void 1 ′ of the high pressure device 1, due to the decomposition of the covalent bond between the atoms of graphite,
It can be seen that an ultra-high pressure region of 400 to 500 GPa is continuously generated for about 0.5 ms. The total energy supplied by the pulse laser device 3a at this time was calculated to be 0.25 J (joule), which was 3.5 × 10 ⁶ W / cm ² when converted per unit area per unit time. there were. FIG. 6A shows the wavelength and duration of the pulse laser. The pressure scale in FIG. 5 is a well-known relational expression of the pressure p [Mbar] and the wavelength shift Δλ [nm] of the ruby R ₁ fluorescence line p = 3.808 [(Δλ /
694.2 + 1) ⁵ -1].

In the example described above with reference to FIG. 3, particles of ruby 4a are used as the wavelength transition material. An example of using ruby powder instead of this will be described below with reference to FIG.

The ruby powder is a material for indirectly measuring the pressure by the fluorescence wavelength transition of the ruby, and has a weight of 1
What was obtained by crushing ruby particles of% chromium ion was used. In the example of FIG. 6, with the use of the ruby powder 4a ′, the iron powder 5 serving as a pressure medium is sandwiched between the ruby powder 4a ′ arranged in layers and the graphite powder as the high-voltage inducing material 2, As the graphite powder, glassy carbon is used, which is arranged in layers on the pressure surface side of the anvil irradiated with the pulse laser.

More specifically, the ruby powder, iron powder, and graphite powder are packed in this order in a hole of 0.15 mm in diameter opened in a Cu-Be gasket having a thickness of 0.2 mm, and then the sapphire anvils 1a and 1b are filled. It was pressed by being sandwiched between pressure surfaces. A screw clamp type sapphire anvil cell is used for restraint and pressure.

The ruby fluorescence line was excited by 514.5 nm laser light B1 from a continuous argon laser during a high pressure experiment. The light from the ruby particles was sent to a spectrometer with a notch filter and the dispersed light was detected by a cooled CCD. Time-resolved ruby fluorescence spectrum is 1024 × 2
Recorded every 30 ms by a cooled CCD with 56 pixels. The ruby fluorescence spectrum was recorded at the pixel line of the CCD.

In order to efficiently generate an ultrahigh pressure, it is necessary to pack the powder sample into the gasket hole without any gap. In order to stuff the sample without applying too much stress to the sapphire anvil and without crushing the gasket too much, the sample was pressed by the sapphire anvil at about 5 GPa, and then weak YAG pulse laser light (pulse energy: 0.06 J, pulse) was applied to the sample. (Width: 0.2 ms), and pressure was applied only to the sample, and the three screws of the sapphire anvil cell were lightly tightened.

FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C show YA.
G pulse (pulse energy: 1.5 J, pulse width:
C of fluorescence from a ruby of a sample irradiated with 0.4 ms)
3 shows a CD camera recording in different gray scales. FIG. 7D shows CCD recording of YAG laser pulses. In the figure, the gray scale of (b) is displayed 20 times as large as that of (a), and (c) is displayed 15 times as large as that of (b). t = 0 is the peak of the YAG pulse.

From FIG. 7 (a), about 0.3 ms after the peak of the YAG pulse was reached, a high voltage was generated, the long-wavelength fluorescence started to be emitted from the ruby, and the fluorescence almost disappeared immediately thereafter. It can be seen that fluorescence is emitted again after 2 ms. The temperature of the ruby at the start of pressure generation is estimated to be about 380 K from the ratio (0.6) of the intensity of the R ray at this time to the intensity before YAG laser irradiation, and at this time, the fluorescence life of the ruby is about 3 ms. It is believed that there is. Considering the thermal conductivity of the sample, it is considered that the temperature of the ruby particles is decreasing at the start of pressure generation. Considering the increase of fluorescence lifetime due to pressure, the U and Y light absorption bands (4A2 → 4T2, 4A2 → 4T
Even if 1) is shifted to the high energy side, ruby fluorescence should be sufficiently maintained during the measurement. Also, FIG.
From (b), the longest wavelength (860 nm) is 0.48 ms
7 (c), the longest wavelength (9
It can be seen that 50 nm) was emitted in 0.42 ms.

7 (a), (b), and (c) show that ruby fluorescence of a wide range of wavelengths is recorded in one pixel line, showing that the change is abrupt and the pressure is large. Suggests that is non-hydrostatic. Ruby shifts to the long wavelength side due to pressure 2E →
There are narrow R and R'bands attributed to the 4A2 and 2T1 → 4A2 transitions. At normal pressure, the R'band exists on the lower wavelength side than the R band, but it is more susceptible to pressure than the R band, and if it exceeds 200 GPa,
It is located on the longer wavelength side than the R band. Considering the pressure dependence of the R and R ′ bands, it is considered that the fluorescence at 950 nm is due to the R ′ band. Also, 0.48
The fluorescence at 860 nm in ms is considered to be due to the R band, and it is presumed that the R ′ band disappeared as the energy gap approached 0, and the R band came to be observed. It is difficult to determine the generated pressure because the band width under the corresponding pressure is not clear, but R'at the wavelength of 950 nm
The band and the 860 nm R band are 600 GPa and 730 GPa, respectively, considering their pressure dependence.
Equivalent to the pressure of.

Therefore, in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), the pressure did not decrease sharply at 0.42 ms.
It is estimated that the pressure was increasing between 42 and 0.48 ms, and it is considered that the R ′ and R bands were no longer detected due to the further increase in pressure thereafter. The disappearance of fluorescence in FIG. 7 is about 700 GPa.
It shows that the above pressure was maintained for 1 ms or more.

FIG. 8 is a CCD recording of ruby fluorescence obtained by irradiating a YAG pulse with a pulse energy of 1.5 J and a pulse width of 0.4 ms without crushing the pores of the powder sample by pulse irradiation with a small energy in advance. Are shown in different gray scales as in FIG. 7. From these figures, it can be seen that the wavelength of the fluorescence emitted from the ruby is considerably shorter than that in the case of FIG. 7 in which pulse irradiation for previously filling the gap is performed. Furthermore, the time during which the fluorescence disappears is short. This result shows that when the powder sample is pressurized in this method, the effect of crushing and placing the pores in advance is very large. The method of pre-irradiating with pulse energy is an effective method for facilitating the sintering of powder samples with high hardness in this ultra-high pressure generation method using sapphire anvil that can secure a large sample chamber. .

Although the temperature in the above experiment was not actually measured, it was determined to be 4 because the bond between the atoms of graphite is decomposed.
It is considered that a temperature of 000K or higher is generated.
In addition, from the experimental results, it is obvious that the peak value of the pulsed laser beam is raised and the peak value of the generated ultra-high pressure is increased to 1 TPa by extending the duration without changing the peak value.
Or it turns out that it can be raised more.

As described above, the aperture means composed of the aperture lens 3d1 and the objective lens 3d2 adjusts the beam diameter of the laser beam so as to approximately match the shape of the end face of the high-voltage inducing material 2 at the interface. As a result, the minimum beam diameter of the pulsed laser light is formed ahead of the high-voltage inducing material, and the high-pressure inducing material is heated to decompose the bonds between its atoms, and the minimum beam diameter with a large energy level of the laser beam is generated. Is no longer present in the sapphire anvil 1a, which is a light transmissive material through which the laser beam passes. By this,
Even if the output level of the laser beam output by the pulse laser device 3a increases, it is possible to prevent the sapphire anvil 1a from locally rising in temperature and being damaged by thermal strain. It allows a large amount of light energy to be injected for a relatively long time, so that the generated ultra-high pressure can be made larger and maintained for a longer time.

As the high-voltage inducing material 2 housed in the space 1'formed by the pair of sapphire anvils 1a and 1b and the gasket 1c described above with reference to FIG. 2, the light absorption coefficient and the interatomic bonding force are large. For example, it is made of a single material such as graphite, or a composite of materials such as graphite, metal, and water having a large light absorption coefficient and / or a strong interatomic bond strength. Composite materials with high bonding strength can be used. As the metal, materials such as cobalt, silicon, nickel and tungsten can be applied. Also, these materials are
It may be used in the form of powder in consideration of accommodation in the interior.

The high light absorption coefficient of the high-voltage inducing material 2 efficiently absorbs the light energy injected from the outside so that the temperature can be raised to a higher temperature even if the injected light energy is small. Become. In addition, the large interatomic bonding force allows a larger volume expansion force to be obtained by the decomposition of the interatomic bond, and a larger ultrahigh pressure to be generated in the void 1c.

Further, a sapphire anvil as a light transmissive material which forms a part of a cavity for accommodating the high pressure inducing material by restraining the volume expansion and transmits the light energy injected into the high pressure inducing material in the cavity from the outside. 1a and 1b are not only strong enough to withstand the ultra-high pressure generated in the void, but also have a very small optical absorption coefficient and are difficult to absorb the transmitted light energy. It is hard to be damaged even if it transmits energy. Furthermore, since the reflectance is smaller than that of diamond, the sample can be efficiently irradiated with the pulsed laser. By the way, YA
With respect to G laser light (wavelength: 1.06 μm), the reflectance is about 17% for diamond, but about 7% for sapphire. Further, sapphire is superior to diamond in that relatively large crystals can be obtained at low cost and larger voids can be formed. Further, sapphire also has a low thermal conductivity and retains the heat of the high pressure inducing material 2 heated by the light energy injected into the high pressure inducing material 2 without escaping to the outside, and the ultra high pressure generated in the void can be maintained for that long time. It is also effective in doing so.

In the above-described embodiment, the high-pressure device 1 has a void 1'with a pair of sapphire anvils 1a.
And 1b, the gasket 1c is sandwiched so as to face each other from both sides, and is formed as a facing anvil type high-pressure device having the simplest structure. However, a cavity is formed by using three or more anvils. By doing so, it becomes possible to inject light energy not only from a single direction but also from a plurality of directions, and it is expected that a larger ultrahigh pressure will be generated.

In the case of using the opposed anvil type high pressure apparatus, as a structure for injecting the pulse laser beam from each of the two opposed anvils, a structure as shown in FIG. 9 can be easily considered. That is, the laser beam output by the single pulse laser device 3a is split into two beams, a beam that travels straight and a beam that is reflected by the beam splitter 10a. The straight-ahead beam is incident through the sapphire anvil 1a via the objective lens 3d2 as in the case of FIG. On the other hand, the reflected beam is incident on the sapphire anvil 1b after being reflected in the orthogonal direction by the beam splitter 10c which is incident via the pupil transfer lens 10b. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, light energy is injected from two opposite directions of the cavity 1 ′ of the high pressure device 1, which is more than twice as large as that of FIG. 1. It is possible to generate high pressure in the center of the void.

In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the diaphragm lens 3d1 and the objective lens 3 as the diaphragm means shown in FIG.
Although the arrangement direction is opposite to that of d2, the diaphragm lens 11 and the objective lens 12 as diaphragm means having substantially the same configuration and function, and the configuration and function substantially the same as those of the monitoring system 3e (FIG. 1). And the monitoring system 13 having the above are realized only by providing corresponding to the other sapphire anvil 1b instead of the objective lens 4b.

The beam splitter of the monitoring system 13 is
After adjusting the irradiation position and irradiation diameter of the pulse laser, the laser beam is moved to the outside of the optical path of the laser beam as in the case of the monitoring system 3e in FIG. Further, the diaphragm lens 11 and the objective lens 12 as the diaphragm means and the monitoring system 13 are provided in the beam splitter 10.
When performing pressure measurement and temperature measurement together with a and 10b, they are removed from the optical path and the objective lens 4b is returned to the original position.

According to the embodiment described above, 1TPa
Not only is it possible to generate ultra-high pressure as described above, but the pressure maintaining time is about four digits longer than that of the conventional method, and the pulse laser output required for generation is several orders of magnitude smaller. So far 1
The scale is much smaller than that of an experimental device that can generate an ultrahigh pressure of TPa. Furthermore, if a sapphire anvil is used as the restraint anvil, it is possible to secure a high pressure chamber of the order of mm ³ . Thus, in the present invention,
It has a high pressure generation capability that cannot be achieved by any of the existing ultra high pressure generation methods. By using this device, the possibility of synthesizing a new substance having a new physical property or chemical property or discovering an unknown physical property is significantly increased. Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, if a diamond anvil that is harder than sapphire is used for restraint, it is possible to expect generation of ultrahigh pressure that is several orders of magnitude higher than 1 TPa depending on the device.

According to the present invention, an object constrained by a light-transmissive object is irradiated with a pulse laser to decompose it, and its expansion is constrained so that the pressure is 1 TPa (10 million atmospheric pressure).
Compared with the conventional laser shock method, which enables generation of the above-mentioned ultra-high pressure and can generate ultra-high pressure of 1 TPa or more, which is the conventional method.
Diamond anvil high pressure that can generate static high pressure by achieving a high pressure maintenance time that is three orders of magnitude longer than the impact gun method such as a two-stage gas impact device that can generate ultrahigh pressure of several hundred GPa or more Device sample volume (400-
We propose an ultra-high pressure generation method and device that can generate an ultra-high pressure by generating an order of magnitude higher than that of the laser shock method when the generation of 500 GPa is 10 ^-9 cm ³ ) and can generate an ultra-high pressure by an order of magnitude less energy than the laser shock method. , Provides a means for synthesizing substances with novel physical and scientific properties that were previously impossible, and for exploring the properties of unknown substances.

[0084]

As described above, according to the present invention as set forth in claim 1, the light energy injected into the high-voltage inducing material may be small enough to be heated to a temperature necessary for decomposing bonds between atoms. Also, since the force of volume expansion obtained by decomposing against the large force that bonds the atoms is very large, the ultra high pressure generated in the void that restricts the volume expansion is also very high. It is possible to provide an ultra-high pressure generating method that becomes large and enables generation of a large ultra-high pressure that has never been obtained.

In addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1, the invention described in claim 2 uses an existing pulse laser device for generating a laser beam having a wavelength suitable for heating a high-voltage-inducing material. By controlling the intensity and duration of the laser beam, it is possible to efficiently and adjust and inject light energy, and to provide an ultrahigh pressure generation method capable of achieving a higher high pressure maintenance time than before. be able to.

According to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 2, the light transmissive material efficiently transmits the light energy from the outside, and it is difficult for the temperature to rise due to absorption, so that the thermal strain also occurs. It is difficult to do so, and it is possible to provide an ultra-high pressure generating method capable of irradiating a high-voltage inducing material with higher light energy to generate higher ultra-high pressure.

In addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 3, sapphire has a smaller reflectance than diamond and is inexpensive and a relatively large crystal can be obtained at a low cost. Since it is convenient as a material for forming a void for generating a high pressure, it is possible to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method capable of realizing a larger ultrahigh pressure void as compared with a conventional one.

According to the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, a large volume expansion force can be obtained even if the energy injected from the outside is small, and the high-voltage inducing material has a light absorption coefficient and an interatomic It is created by compounding materials that have at least one of the large binding force of the above, and as a whole is composed of a composite material having a large light absorption coefficient and interatomic bonding force. Therefore, it is possible to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method capable of controlling and generating the ultrahigh pressure according to the object of use.

According to the invention of claim 6, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 5, as a high-voltage inducing material, a covalent bond, a metal bond or a hydrogen bond having a large interatomic bonding force is used as necessary. Since it can be selected and used, it is possible to select and use a high-voltage inducing material for generating an ultra-high pressure depending on the application, and control the temperature gradient in the high-voltage inducing material to apply pressure. It is possible to provide a method for generating ultrahigh pressure that makes it possible to control the temperature of a material intended for heating.

In addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 5, the invention described in claim 7 can provide a method for generating an ultrahigh pressure, which can preferably generate an ultrahigh pressure by using graphite alone as a high pressure inducing material.

According to the invention described in claim 8, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 2, the peak of the pulsed laser light is not located in the light transmissive material, and the local temperature in the light transmissive material is accordingly increased. Since the rise can be prevented, it becomes possible to use a more intense pulsed laser beam, and it is possible to provide a convenient ultrahigh pressure generating method for generating a larger ultrahigh pressure.

In the invention described in claim 9, the light energy injected into the graphite may be small enough to be heated to a temperature necessary for decomposing the covalent bond between the atoms of the graphite, and the covalent bond between the atoms may be sufficient. Since the force of volume expansion obtained by decomposing against the large force that is exerted is very large, the super high pressure generated in the void that restricts volume expansion is also very large, It enables the generation of a large ultra-high pressure that has never been possible, realizes a longer high-pressure maintenance time compared to the conventional one, realizes a larger ultra-high pressure space than the conventional one, and is orders of magnitude better than the conventional one. By contrast, it is possible to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method capable of generating ultrahigh pressure by inputting a small amount of energy.

The invention according to claim 10 has a sample which cannot be removed by restraint prior to the generation of full-scale ultra-high pressure in the void when the sample subjected to the ultra-high pressure in the void is powdery. Since microscopic voids can be reduced by previously generated ultra-high pressure, when full-scale ultra-high pressure is generated in the void, the peak value of the generated ultra-high pressure is higher and the duration is longer. It is possible to provide an ultrahigh pressure generating method that can be realized.

According to the invention described in claim 11, the light energy injected into the high-voltage inducing material may be small enough to be heated to a temperature necessary for decomposing the bonds between the atoms. Since the force of volume expansion obtained by decomposing against a large force that is present is very large, an ultra high pressure generator that also produces an extremely high ultra high pressure in the void that restricts volume expansion is required. Can be provided.

According to the twelfth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the eleventh aspect of the invention, a pulsed laser device for generating a laser beam having a wavelength suitable for heating a high-voltage-inducing material is used to generate a pulse. By controlling the intensity of the laser beam and its duration, it is possible to efficiently and adjust and inject light energy, and to provide an ultra-high pressure generator that can achieve a longer high pressure maintenance time compared to the past. be able to.

According to the invention of claim 13, claim 1
In addition to the effect described in 1, the peak of the pulsed laser light is not located in the light transmissive material, and it becomes possible to use a more intense pulsed laser beam without damaging the light transmissive material. It is possible to provide an ultra-high pressure generator that is convenient for generating ultra-high pressure.

In addition to the effect of the eleventh aspect, the invention of the fourteenth aspect causes a larger volume expansion in the void and a greater ultrahigh pressure than in the case of irradiation from only one direction. As a result, it is possible to provide an ultrahigh pressure generator that generates a greater ultrahigh pressure.

According to the fifteenth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the eleventh aspect, the state of generation of ultrahigh pressure that changes depending on the use of different types of high-voltage inducing materials or the way of injecting light energy is known by measurement. It is possible to provide an ultrahigh pressure generator capable of performing the above.

According to the sixteenth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the eleventh aspect, the bond between atoms of the high-voltage inducing material which changes depending on the use of different types of high-voltage inducing materials or the way of injecting light energy is decomposed. It is possible to provide an ultra-high pressure generator capable of knowing the temperature at the moment of aging and the change in temperature in the void thereafter.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an ultra-high pressure generator that generates an ultra-high pressure by using the ultra-high pressure producing method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing a specific configuration of the high-voltage device in FIG. 1 in a partial cross section.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view for explaining a method of measuring an ultrahigh pressure generated by the method of the present invention and a temperature generated at the ultrahigh pressure by using a high pressure device.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a pulse laser waveform output by the pulse laser device in FIG.

FIG. 5 shows a pulsed laser (a) irradiated when ultra-high pressure is generated using graphite as a high-voltage-inducing material, and a relationship (b) between the ruby fluorescence wavelength and the pressure shifted with the generation of the ultra-high pressure. It is a figure.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a different part of the device corresponding to FIG. 3 due to the use of ruby powder as a wavelength transition material.

FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the pulse laser irradiated when an ultra-high pressure is generated and the ruby fluorescence wavelength shifted with the generation of the ultra-high pressure in the apparatus of FIG. 6 when the pulse laser is irradiated in advance. FIG. 6A is a diagram in which (a) to (c) are recordings of ruby fluorescence wavelengths shown in different gray scales,
(D) shows the irradiated pulsed laser.

FIG. 8 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 7 in the case where the pulse laser is not previously irradiated.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the ultrahigh pressure generator according to the present invention.

10 is a side view showing a specific configuration of the high-voltage device in FIG. 9 in a partial cross section.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High pressure device (restraining means) 1'Vacancy 1a, 1b Sapphire anvil (light energy transmissive material) 2 Graphite (high pressure inducing material) 3a Pulse laser device 3d1 Aperture lens (aperture means) 3d2 Objective lens (aperture means) 4a Ruby (Wavelength transition material) 4a 'Ruby powder 10a, 10b Beam splitter (light splitting means)

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A high-pressure inducing material, the volume of which expands due to the decomposition of a bond between atoms, is accommodated in a void formed at least in part by a light-transmissive material while restraining the volume expansion thereof. The high pressure inducing material is heated by the light energy injected from the outside through the material to decompose the bonds between the atoms, and the volume expansion force of the high pressure inducing material due to the decomposition of the bonds between the atoms is used to create the inside of the void. A method for generating ultra high pressure, characterized in that ultra high pressure is generated in 2. The ultrahigh voltage generation method according to claim 1, wherein the optical energy is injected by irradiating the high voltage inducing material with pulsed laser light through the light transmissive material. Method. 3. The ultrahigh voltage generating method according to claim 2, wherein the light transmissive material is a material having a high light transmittance with respect to the pulsed laser light. 4. The ultrahigh pressure generating method according to claim 3, wherein the light transmissive material is sapphire. 5. The ultrahigh pressure generating method according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage inducing material is a single material having a large light absorption coefficient and a high interatomic bonding force, or at least a light absorption coefficient and an interatomic bonding force. An ultrahigh pressure generating method, characterized in that one is made of a composite material having a large size, and is made of a composite material having a large optical absorption coefficient and a large interatomic bonding force as a whole. 6. The ultrahigh pressure generating method according to claim 5, wherein the bond between the atoms is a covalent bond, a metal bond or a hydrogen bond. 7. The ultrahigh pressure generating method according to claim 5, wherein the single material is graphite. 8. The ultrahigh pressure generating method according to claim 2, wherein the beam diameter of the pulsed laser light with which the high pressure inducing material is irradiated through the light transmissive material is formed such that the minimum beam diameter is ahead of the high pressure inducing material. A method for generating ultra-high pressure, characterized in that it is adjusted as described above. 9. A high-pressure apparatus using a sapphire anvil having optical transparency, wherein at least graphite is contained as a high-pressure inducing material in a void formed by the sapphire anvil, and its volume expansion is restrained. By irradiating a pulsed laser beam from outside the sapphire anvil, the bonds between the atoms of the graphite are decomposed, and the force obtained by the decomposition is used to generate an ultrahigh pressure in the void containing the graphite. An ultrahigh pressure generating method characterized by the above. 10. When the sample to be subjected to ultra-high pressure in the void is in the form of powder, prior to the generation of ultra-high pressure by the method for producing ultra-high pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the light-transmitting material is used to externally generate external pressure Light energy smaller than the light energy injected from the outside is injected through the light transmissive material from the outside, and the injected light energy decomposes the interatomic bond of the high voltage inducing material to generate an ultrahigh pressure in the void. After that, the volume of the void is reduced, and the ultrahigh pressure generating method is characterized. 11. A space for containing a high-pressure inducing material that expands in volume due to decomposition of bonds between atoms while restraining the volume expansion, and at least a part of the space is light energy transmissive. The optical energy injection means further comprises: restraint means formed of a material; and light energy injection means for injecting light energy into the high-voltage inducing material restrained in the void from the outside through the light energy transparent material. The high-voltage inducing material is heated by the light energy injected by the above to decompose the bonds between its atoms, and the volume expansion force of the high-pressure inducing material generated by the decomposition of the bonds between the atoms is used to generate super-pressure in the void. An ultrahigh pressure generator that generates high pressure. 12. The ultrahigh voltage generator according to claim 11, wherein the light energy injection unit has a pulse laser device that generates a laser beam that passes through the light energy transparent material and irradiates the high voltage inducing material. An ultra-high pressure generator characterized in that 13. The ultrahigh voltage generator according to claim 11, wherein the light energy injection means forms a minimum beam diameter of the laser beam ahead of the high voltage inducing material before passing through the light energy transmitting material. As described above, the ultrahigh voltage generator further comprises a diaphragm means for narrowing the beam diameter to determine the size of the irradiation spot of the laser beam on the high voltage inducing material. 14. The ultrahigh voltage generator according to claim 11, wherein the optical energy injection unit divides the laser beam into a plurality of laser beams, and the divided laser beams are confined in the void. An ultrahigh voltage generator further comprising light splitting means for irradiating from different directions. 15. The ultra-high pressure generator according to claim 11, wherein the high-pressure inducing material is housed in the void, emits fluorescence when excited by a laser beam for excitation, and has a wavelength corresponding to the magnitude of the pressure in the void. A wavelength transition material that transitions according to the wavelength transition material, and a wavelength measurement means for measuring the wavelength of the fluorescence emitted by the wavelength transition material, and the ultrahigh pressure generated in the void by the wavelength measured by the wavelength measurement means. An ultrahigh pressure generating device, further comprising a pressure measuring means for measuring pressure. 16. The ultrahigh pressure generator according to claim 11, wherein when the high pressure inducing material is decomposed, a wavelength of radiant light radiated from the inside of the void is measured, and a temperature inside the void is measured according to the measured wavelength. An ultrahigh pressure generator, further comprising temperature measuring means for measuring.