JP2003200402A - Insect proof rush mat - Google Patents

Insect proof rush mat

Info

Publication number
JP2003200402A
JP2003200402A JP2002034674A JP2002034674A JP2003200402A JP 2003200402 A JP2003200402 A JP 2003200402A JP 2002034674 A JP2002034674 A JP 2002034674A JP 2002034674 A JP2002034674 A JP 2002034674A JP 2003200402 A JP2003200402 A JP 2003200402A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
borate
rush
tatami
mites
tatami mat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2002034674A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tamio Arakawa
民雄 荒川
Ikufumi Masumoto
郁文 桝本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TEISHO SERVICE KK
Original Assignee
TEISHO SERVICE KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TEISHO SERVICE KK filed Critical TEISHO SERVICE KK
Priority to JP2002034674A priority Critical patent/JP2003200402A/en
Publication of JP2003200402A publication Critical patent/JP2003200402A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rush mat to which a safe and perpetual tic-proof performance is added without impairing advantages of a feel, a heat insulation property, appreciation of the beautiful and the like which are provided to the rush mat. <P>SOLUTION: A borate of ≥0.2 wt.% in terms of boric acid is contained in the rush composing the rush mat. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は優れた防虫性能を有
する畳表に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、室内で
のダニ類の生息、繁殖を抑制する機能を持つ畳表に関す
る。 【0002】 【従来の技術】畳は、日本の伝統的な建築材料で、元来
は乾燥した藁を圧縮した畳床に畳表を縫いつけた物であ
る。畳は、天然植物性素材としての風合いや調湿機能を
持つ反面、しばしばダニなどの害虫の温床にる。特に夏
期など、温度、湿度の条件が満たされると、チリダニや
コナダニが大発生し、アレルギー症の原因になることが
知られている。 【0003】このような畳の欠点を是正するため、いろ
いろな方法が提案、実行されている。最も広く普及して
いる対策は、畳床を形成する藁の一部又は全部を発泡プ
ラスチック等の新規材料で置き換える、いわゆる化学畳
である。これによって畳は軽量化され、内部での節足動
物の生息、繁殖を阻止できる。畳みの軽量化はさらに進
み、今日では厚さ1センチメートル前後のカーペットに
近い床敷きに畳表を付けたインテリア材も市販されてい
る。 【0004】畳床のプラスチック化、軽量化が進む中
で、畳の表面素材としては天然の畳表が圧倒的に多い。
これは、天然畳表が、人工素材にはない独特の感触や審
美性を有するためと考えられる。 【0005】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】畳表は、精製された藺
草と経糸とを機織り機械で織り上げた物である。藺草は
植物組織特有の空隙を含み、また畳表を構成する藺草間
にも微細な隙間が存在する。このような空隙や隙間はダ
ニ類の隠れ場所となり、また微細な食物の破片やふけ、
垢等ダニ類の餌となる物質が蓄積しやすい。従って、畳
表もダニ類の生育や繁殖の媒体となる可能性が高い。本
発明の課題は、畳表本来の長所に加えて安全で永続性の
ある防ダニ性能を持つ畳表を提供することである。 【0006】 【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、鋭意検討の
結果、畳表を構成する藺草にホウ酸塩を均一に分散する
と、畳表の感触や審美性を損なうことなく、安全で永続
的な防虫性能を賦与できることを発見し、本発明に到達
した。即ち本発明は、主たる構成要素である藺草中にホ
ウ酸塩が均一に分布することを特徴とする防虫性能に優
れた畳表である。 【0007】 【発明の実施の形態】本発明でいう畳表とは、藺草と経
糸とを機織り機で織り上げたものであるが、審美性,補
強等の目的で藺草以外の材料を混合しても差し支えな
い。 【0008】本発明でいうホウ酸塩とは、ホウ素のオキ
ソ酸とその塩を総称するが、特に、ホウ酸、ホウ砂、八
ホウ酸二ナトリウムがあげられる。八ホウ酸二ナトリウ
ムは水によく溶解し、また植物組織に対する浸透性にす
ぐれ、乾燥しても粉末として飛散しにくい点で特に好ま
しい。 【0009】畳表を構成する藺草中にホウ酸塩を均一に
含浸するには、ある程度乾燥した藺草にホウ酸塩水溶液
を含浸し、ついで乾燥すればよい。ホウ酸塩水溶液の含
浸は、浸漬、散布、塗布等の手段を状況に応じて適宜選
択する。藺草を処理する場合は、例えば刈り取った藺草
を精製する最終段階で、藺草をホウ酸塩水溶液に浸漬す
るか仕上げを終えた藺草にホウ酸塩水溶液を散布する。
長尺の畳表を処理する場合、ローラーで送りながら連続
的にホウ酸塩水溶液に浸漬するか、ノズルからホウ酸塩
水溶液を散布すれば効果的である。畳表が、すでに藁床
やプラスチック床に取り付けられている場合は、ホウ酸
塩水溶液を散布または塗布し、熱風乾燥、自然乾燥等の
手段で乾燥すればよい。 【0010】ダニを駆除するために藺草に含有すべきホ
ウ酸塩の量は、乾燥した藺草の重量に対してホウ酸換算
で0.2%以上が好ましい。含有率0.2%以下でもあ
る程度のダニの増殖抑制効果は残存するが十分ではな
い。ホウ酸塩の含有率が上昇するとダニの増殖抑制効果
も上昇し、0.5%では殆ど100%のダニが死滅す
る。さらに含有率を増加すると、過剰なホウ酸塩は藺草
の表面に沈積し、畳表をたたくと飛散するようになる。
微細な粉末として飛散するホウ酸塩は人体に対する害は
極微であるといわれるが、好ましい現象ではない。経済
的にも、ホウ酸塩の含有率は必要最小限に留めるべきで
ある。以上の観点から、好ましいホウ酸塩の含有率は、
藺草の乾燥重量に対し、ホウ酸換算で0.2〜1.0%
であり、さらに好ましくは0.4〜0.6重量%であ
る。 【0011】ホウ酸塩が下等動物の増殖を抑制するメカ
ニズムについては、木材を食害する昆虫に対して広範に
研究されている。ホウ酸塩は食毒性であり、殆どの木材
食害中は、ホウ酸換算で0.5重量パーセント前後のホ
ウ酸塩を含む木材を摂食すると死滅することが知られて
いる。ダニは節足動物蛛形綱の動物で、昆虫ではない
が、ホウ酸塩はダニに対しても高い食毒性を示す〔森八
郎、森実:建造物内のダニ類について(第2報),古文
化財科学研究会昭和62年度大会講演要旨集〕。 【0012】畳表を構成する藺草中に含有されるホウ酸
塩が、藺草を食害しないダニ類に作用するメカニズムは
正確に理解されているわけではないが、おそらくはホウ
酸塩の拡散によるものと思われる。ダニは高温多湿の環
境で繁殖することが知られているが、このような環境で
は藺草及びダニの餌となる垢、ふけ、食物の破片などは
20%前後の水分を含んでいると考えられる。また、ホ
ウ酸塩は含水率15%以上の植物組織中を拡散するとの
報告もある。従って、藺草中のホウ酸塩が拡散により、
藺草と接触しているダニの餌へと移行することは、十分
に可能であろう。この餌をダニが摂食し、細胞内のホウ
素濃度が一定値を越えると、ダニは代謝阻害により死
ぬ。 【0013】また、藺草の内部に産み付けられたダニの
卵には、卵膜を通して藺草中のホウ酸塩が拡散し、卵の
孵化率は低下すると考えられる。孵化率の低下は、ホウ
酸塩処理木材中に産み付けられた食材性甲虫の卵につい
て記載されているが、ダニの場合、卵は遙かに小さいた
め、卵膜を通して拡散するホウ酸塩の効果は非常に大き
いはずである。この結果、藺草がある程度以上のホウ酸
塩を含有すれば、幼虫、成虫の食毒死と卵の孵化率の低
下によりダニの繁殖は抑制されると考えられる。 【0014】ホウ酸塩のヒトを含めた哺乳動物に対する
毒性は極めて低く、また正常な皮膚を通してホウ酸塩が
人体に入ることはないと報告されている。また、一旦体
内に取り入れられても、必要以上のホウ酸塩は腎臓を介
して体外に排出される。このため、ホウ酸塩は、居住空
間で使用される防虫処理剤として理想的である。 【0015】本発明の防虫畳表を廃棄する場合、畳表を
水で抽出すれば、ホウ酸塩を完全に回収できる。また、
不要になったホウ酸塩処理畳表を果樹園等のホウ素を必
要とする土壌上に放置すれば、ホウ酸塩は徐々に雨水に
流され、土壌にしみ込み、肥料として働き、藺草は腐敗
する。また、不要の畳表を焼却する場合、ホウ酸塩はガ
ラス状個体として灰に残り、抽出回収できる。焼却の
際、ホウ酸塩に由来する有害ガスは一切発生しない。 【0016】本発明をさらに詳しく説明するために実施
例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 [実施例1] ホウ酸塩を含有する畳表の調製 藺草を原材料とする市販品の畳表から、一辺200mm
の正方形の試験片5枚を切り出し、80℃の熱風乾燥機
中で5時間乾燥した。各試験片は、秤量後種々の濃度の
八ホウ酸二ナトリウム・四水和物(DOT)水溶液に1
時間浸漬した後、取り出して表面の水分を市販のキッチ
ンタオルで素早く拭き取り秤量し、70℃の熱風乾燥機
で3時間乾燥した。DOT処理畳表中のDOT含有率
は、処理前の乾燥試験片重量、浸漬による重量増加及び
処理液のDOT濃度から算出した。比較例では、乾燥試
験片を水に1時間浸漬後乾燥した。 【0017】ダニ飼育実験 所定のDOT含有率に調製した畳表試験片のダニ増殖抑
制効果は、次のようにして評価した。DOT処理した試
験片および比較用(未処理)試験片の各々から、一辺3
0mmの正方形の試料3枚を切り出し、それぞれを内径
40mmのガラスシャーレの底面に敷いた。密閉できる
プラスチック容器(内寸400×500×250(深
さ)mm)の底部に飽和食塩水3リットルを加え、水面
から5センチの距離に200×400mmの合板を置
き、該合板上に上記6個のガラスシャーレを並べた。容
器を密閉後27±3℃に温度調節された室内に一晩放置
し、畳表試料を調湿した。 【0017】次に各ガラスシャーレ中の試料表面に、生
存ヤケヒョウヒダニ50〜80個体を含むダニ培地10
0mgを投入し、プラスチック容器を密閉し、遮光下に
4週間保管した。この間、飼育環境は相対湿度75%、
温度27±3℃にコントロールされた。ダニ培地用飼料
は実験動物用粉末飼料と乾燥酵母を1:1の割合で混
合、粉砕したものである。実験に投入したダニ培地は、
上記の飼料に1グラム中に生存ヤケヒョウヒダニ50,
000個体を含む培地の計算量を添加、混合して調製し
た。投入した培地は、経験上、4〜6週間で生存ダニ数
が最大値に達することが知られている。 【0018】4週間後に、次の方法で各シャーレ中の生
存ダニ数を数えた。すなわち、シャーレ中のダニ培地を
全量取りだし、飽和食塩水浮遊法で培地から生存ダニを
回収し、実体顕微鏡下で生存ダニを計数した。残りの畳
表試料とシャーレは、高速流水で洗ってダニを分離し、
実体顕微鏡下で生存ダニを計数した。この両者の数値を
合計して、全生存ダニ数とした。ホウ酸塩のダニ増殖抑
制効果は次式から計算した。 【0019】実験結果 実験結果を下表に示した。表から明らかなように、DO
T含有率0.5%BAEおよび1%BAEの場合、ダニ
は4週間後には殆ど死滅する。0.2%BAEの場合
も、83.8%と、かなり高い増殖抑制率が認められた
(注:BAEはホウ酸換算値を意味し、DOT重量%の
1.20倍である)。【0020】 【発明の効果】本発明に係わる畳表では、これを構成す
る藺草にホウ酸塩が均一に含有されている。ダニの繁殖
に適する高温高湿条件下において、十分な餌が存在して
も、本発明の畳表を媒体としたダニ類の増殖は高度に阻
害される。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tatami mat having excellent insect repellent performance. More specifically, the present invention relates to a tatami mat having a function of suppressing the inhabitation and reproduction of mites indoors. 2. Description of the Related Art Tatami is a traditional building material of Japan, originally sewn with tatami mats on a tatami floor compressed with dry straw. While tatami mats have the texture and humidity control properties of natural plant materials, they are often a hotbed of pests such as mites. It is known that, when the conditions of temperature and humidity are satisfied, especially in summer, dust mites and acarid mites are outbreak and cause allergic diseases. Various methods have been proposed and implemented in order to correct such drawbacks of tatami mats. The most widespread measure is the so-called chemical tatami, which replaces part or all of the straw forming the tatami floor with a new material such as foamed plastic. This reduces the weight of the tatami mats and prevents the inhabitation and reproduction of arthropods inside. The weight of tatami mats has been further reduced, and interior materials with tatami mats on floors close to carpets with a thickness of about 1 cm are now available on the market. [0004] As the tatami floors are becoming plastic and lighter, natural tatami mats are overwhelmingly used as surface materials for tatami mats.
This is thought to be because the natural tatami mat has a unique feel and aesthetics that are not found in artificial materials. [0005] The tatami mat is obtained by weaving refined rush and warp with a weaving machine. The rush contains voids peculiar to the plant tissue, and there are minute gaps between the rushes constituting the tatami mat. Such voids and crevices provide hiding places for mites, as well as fine food debris and dandruff,
Substances that feed on mites such as dirt tend to accumulate. Therefore, the tatami mat is also likely to be a medium for the growth and reproduction of mites. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tatami mat having a safe and durable anti-mite property in addition to the inherent advantages of the tatami mat. Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has found that if borate is uniformly dispersed in the rush that composes the tatami mat, the tatami mat can be safely used without impairing the feel and aesthetics of the tatami mat. It has been discovered that permanent insect repellency can be imparted, and the present invention has been achieved. That is, the present invention is a tatami mat having excellent insect repellency, wherein the borate is uniformly distributed in rush, which is a main component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The tatami mat referred to in the present invention is obtained by weaving rushes and warps with a weaving machine. However, even if materials other than rushes are mixed for the purpose of aesthetics, reinforcement and the like. No problem. The term "borate" as used in the present invention is a generic term for boron oxo acids and salts thereof, and in particular, boric acid, borax and disodium octaborate. Disodium octaborate is particularly preferred because it dissolves well in water, has excellent permeability to plant tissues, and does not easily disperse as a powder when dried. In order to uniformly impregnate the borate into the rush which composes the tatami mat, it is sufficient to impregnate the rush which has been dried to a certain extent with an aqueous borate solution and then dry. For the impregnation with the borate aqueous solution, means such as dipping, spraying, and coating are appropriately selected depending on the situation. In the case of treating rush, for example, in the final stage of refining the cut rush, the rush is immersed in an aqueous borate solution, or the finished rush is sprayed with an aqueous borate solution.
When treating a long tatami mat, it is effective to continuously immerse the borate solution in a borate aqueous solution while feeding it with a roller, or to spray a borate aqueous solution from a nozzle. When the tatami mat is already attached to a straw floor or a plastic floor, a borate aqueous solution may be sprayed or applied and dried by means of hot air drying, natural drying, or the like. [0010] The amount of borate to be contained in the rush to combat mites is preferably 0.2% or more in terms of boric acid based on the weight of the dried rush. Even if the content is 0.2% or less, a certain degree of mite growth inhibitory effect remains but is not sufficient. When the borate content increases, the mite growth inhibitory effect also increases. At 0.5%, almost 100% of the mites are killed. When the content is further increased, excess borate deposits on the surface of the rush and becomes scattered when the tatami mat is hit.
It is said that borate scattering as fine powder causes minimal harm to the human body, but is not a preferable phenomenon. Economically, the borate content should be kept to a minimum. In view of the above, the preferred borate content is
0.2-1.0% in terms of boric acid based on dry weight of rush
And more preferably 0.4 to 0.6% by weight. The mechanism by which borate inhibits the growth of lower animals has been extensively studied against insects that feed on wood. Borates are poisonous, and it is known that during most wood damage, consumption of wood containing about 0.5% by weight of borate in terms of boric acid causes death. Tick is an arthropod Arachnid, not an insect, but borate has high food toxicity to ticks [Hachiro Mori, Mori Minori: On mites in buildings (Part 2), Abstracts of the meeting of the Japan Society for the Study of Ancient Cultural Properties, 1987.] The mechanism by which the borate contained in the rush that constitutes the tatami surface acts on mites that do not damage the rush is not exactly understood, but is probably due to the diffusion of the borate. It is. Mites are known to propagate in hot and humid environments, but in such environments, dirt, dandruff, and food debris, which feed on the rush and mites, may contain about 20% moisture. . There is also a report that borate diffuses in plant tissues having a water content of 15% or more. Therefore, the borate in the rush will diffuse,
It would be quite possible to migrate to the prey of ticks in contact with the rush. When the mites feed on the bait and the intracellular boron concentration exceeds a certain value, the mites die due to metabolic inhibition. [0013] In addition, it is considered that the borate in the rush diffuses through the egg membrane into the mite eggs laid inside the rush, and the hatchability of the eggs decreases. A decrease in hatchability has been described for food-borne beetle eggs laid in borated wood, but in the case of ticks the eggs are much smaller and the borate that diffuses through the egg membrane is The effect should be very large. As a result, if the rush contains a certain amount of borate, it is thought that the reproduction of ticks is suppressed by the death of larvae and adults by poisoning and the hatching rate of eggs is reduced. It is reported that the toxicity of borate to mammals including humans is extremely low, and that borate does not enter the human body through normal skin. Also, once ingested into the body, excess borate is excreted outside the body via the kidneys. For this reason, borates are ideal as insect repellents used in living spaces. When the insect repellent tatami mat of the present invention is discarded, borate can be completely recovered by extracting the tatami mat with water. Also,
If the unnecessary borate-treated tatami mats are left on orchards or other soils that require boron, the borate will gradually drain into the rainwater, soak into the soil, act as fertilizer, and the rush will rot. . Also, when unnecessary tatami mats are incinerated, the borate remains in the ash as a glassy solid and can be extracted and collected. During incineration, no harmful gases derived from borates are generated. The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but it should not be construed that the invention is limited thereto. [Example 1] Preparation of tatami mat containing borate 200 mm on a side from a tatami mat of a commercially available product using rush as a raw material
Were cut out and dried in a hot air dryer at 80 ° C. for 5 hours. After weighing, each test piece was placed in an aqueous solution of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) at various concentrations.
After soaking for a period of time, it was taken out, the surface moisture was quickly wiped off with a commercially available kitchen towel, weighed, and dried with a hot air dryer at 70 ° C for 3 hours. The DOT content in the DOT-treated tatami mat was calculated from the weight of the dried test specimen before the treatment, the increase in weight due to immersion, and the DOT concentration of the treatment solution. In the comparative example, the dried test piece was immersed in water for 1 hour and then dried. Tick rearing experiment The mite growth inhibitory effect of a tatami mat test piece prepared to a predetermined DOT content was evaluated as follows. From each of the DOT-treated test piece and the comparative (untreated) test piece, 3
Three 0 mm square samples were cut out, and each was placed on the bottom surface of a glass petri dish having an inner diameter of 40 mm. Add 3 liters of saturated saline solution to the bottom of a sealable plastic container (internal size 400 × 500 × 250 (depth) mm), place a 200 × 400 mm plywood at a distance of 5 cm from the water surface, and place the above plywood on the plywood. Glass petri dishes were arranged. After the container was sealed, it was left overnight in a room temperature-controlled at 27 ± 3 ° C., and the tatami surface sample was conditioned. Next, a mite medium 10 containing 50 to 80 living house dust mites was placed on the surface of the sample in each glass dish.
Then, 0 mg was added, the plastic container was sealed, and stored for 4 weeks under light shielding. During this time, the breeding environment was 75% relative humidity,
The temperature was controlled at 27 ± 3 ° C. The feed for the tick culture medium is obtained by mixing and pulverizing a powder feed for laboratory animals and dry yeast at a ratio of 1: 1. The tick culture medium put into the experiment was
50/50 of the living house dust mite in one gram of the above feed
A calculated amount of a medium containing 2,000 individuals was added and mixed. It has been empirically known that the number of surviving mites reaches the maximum value in 4 to 6 weeks with the supplied medium. After 4 weeks, the number of live mites in each petri dish was counted by the following method. That is, the entire amount of the tick medium in the petri dish was taken out, the living mite was recovered from the medium by a saturated saline suspension method, and the number of the living mite was counted under a stereoscopic microscope. The remaining tatami surface sample and petri dish are washed with high-speed running water to separate mites,
Surviving mites were counted under a stereomicroscope. These two values were summed to obtain the total number of surviving mites. The mite growth inhibitory effect of borate was calculated from the following equation. Experimental Results The experimental results are shown in the table below. As is clear from the table, DO
With a T content of 0.5% BAE and 1% BAE, the ticks almost die after 4 weeks. Even in the case of 0.2% BAE, a very high growth inhibition rate of 83.8% was observed (Note: BAE means boric acid equivalent value and is 1.20 times DOT weight%). In the tatami mat according to the present invention, the rush which constitutes the tatami mat contains borate uniformly. Under conditions of high temperature and high humidity suitable for the reproduction of mites, the growth of mites using the tatami mat of the present invention as a medium is highly inhibited even if sufficient food is present.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 畳表を構成する藺草が、ホウ酸換算で
0.2重量パーセント以上のホウ酸塩を含有することを
特徴とする防虫性能に優れた畳表。
[Claim 1] A tatami mat having excellent insect repellency, wherein the rush which constitutes the tatami mat contains at least 0.2% by weight of borate in terms of boric acid.
JP2002034674A 2002-01-07 2002-01-07 Insect proof rush mat Pending JP2003200402A (en)

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JP2002034674A JP2003200402A (en) 2002-01-07 2002-01-07 Insect proof rush mat

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JP2002034674A JP2003200402A (en) 2002-01-07 2002-01-07 Insect proof rush mat

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2003200402A true JP2003200402A (en) 2003-07-15

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Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005068045A (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-03-17 Yamanaka Shoji Kk Insecticidal underlay

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005068045A (en) * 2003-08-21 2005-03-17 Yamanaka Shoji Kk Insecticidal underlay

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