JP2003195002A - Optical device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical device selected from an optical element which allows the incident light to exit in a desired direction by using an environment- friendly organic photonic crystal which can be manufactured at a low cost, a light deflecting element to allow light having different incident angles or wavelengths to exit in different directions, an optical multiplexing element to multiplex a plurality of light beams having different incident angles into one direction, and a scanning device. <P>SOLUTION: The optical element is made of an organic photonic crystal in which the refractive index periodically varies with the position. The angle made by first and second end faces is determined so as to allow the light at a specified wavelength incident at a specified incident angle on the first end face to exit from the second end face in a desired direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical element, an optical deflecting element, an optical multiplexing element, a scanning device, etc., which use an organic photonic crystal of high performance which is environmentally friendly and can be manufactured at low cost. The optical device will be described in more detail. An optical element that emits incident light in a desired direction, a light deflection element that emits light having different incident angles or wavelengths in different directions, and a plurality of lights having different incident angles in the same direction. The present invention relates to an optical multiplexing element that multiplexes light, and an optical device such as a scanning device that uses such an optical deflection element.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an optical element or an optical deflector,
Passive elements such as prisms, diffraction gratings and concave lenses are used. Further, in recent years, active elements such as a diffraction grating and a galvano scanner to which an acousto-optic effect is applied are also used as a light deflection element. The diffraction grating applying the acousto-optic effect,
Light is emitted in different directions by propagating a compression wave (for example, an ultrasonic wave) in a medium such as glass to cause a periodic change in the refractive index. On the other hand, the Galvanos Kyana emits light in different directions by swinging a mirror with a resonant head.

Recently, a second medium having a different refractive index is contained in the first medium.
The development of a crystal (photonic crystal) that has a crystal structure in which the medium is arranged at a period of about the wavelength of light and exhibits optical characteristics different from those of conventional optical crystals is in progress. This photonic crystal has a refractive index distribution that changes periodically and exhibits an effect (super prism effect) of significantly changing the refracting direction of light having slightly different incident angles and wavelengths. Regarding the optical characteristics of the photonic crystal, for example,
H. "Superprism p by Kosaka et al.
henomena in photonic crys
tals ”(Physical Review B V
ol. 58, No. 16, October 15, 1998) and JP-A-2000-66002.

Optical elements made of such photonic crystals have been proposed. For example, JP 2000-5
Japanese Patent No. 6146 discloses a self-waveguide circuit that propagates light in a self-guided manner in a substrate and splits the light into a desired number by using a photonic crystal in a key portion of the substrate. Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-271541, a wavelength demultiplexer that demultiplexes light into wavelength components with a structure in which two claddings and a photonic crystal are used as materials and a photonic crystal is interposed between the two claddings. A circuit is disclosed.

However, the techniques disclosed in these publications are intended for demultiplexing light, and cannot be used, for example, as an optical deflecting element for deflecting light having different incident angles and wavelengths in different directions. As described above, optical devices such as optical devices, optical deflecting devices, optical multiplexing devices, and scanning devices made of photonic crystals have not been developed yet.

On the other hand, in order for the photonic crystal to exhibit desired characteristics, the photonic crystal must be manufactured with extremely high precision. Inorganic materials are easier to process with extremely high precision, so currently proposed photonic crystals are GaAs, InP, and Si.
Most are formed by a method such as dry or wet etching or selective growth using an inorganic material such as O ₂ , Si, TiO ₂ , or PS.

However, the photonic crystal processed using these inorganic materials with high precision has a high cost, and also has problems such as environmental pollution in the disposal process. Moreover, in the case of the inorganic material, it is not easy to control the dimension (diameter, length) of the structure, it is difficult to control the refractive index, patterning is not easy, and it is easy to form a structure with nano-order accuracy. There is also a problem that it is not easy to add functions such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Therefore, a photonic crystal formed of an eco-friendly eco-friendly material, obtained at low cost, and suitable for an optical device such as an optical element, an optical deflection element, an optical multiplexing element and a scanning device has not yet been provided. Is.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Under such circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to solve various problems in the prior art and achieve the following objects. That is, the present invention is formed using a high-performance organic photonic crystal that is environmentally friendly and can be manufactured at low cost as a material, and the traveling direction of light of a specific wavelength can be achieved without increasing the size of the device or increasing the cost. A first object of the present invention is to provide an optical device including an optical element that can be largely changed to extract the light in a desired direction. In addition, the present invention is formed using a high-performance organic photonic crystal that is environmentally friendly and can be manufactured at low cost, and emits light with different incident angles or different wavelengths without increasing the size and cost of the device. A second object of the present invention is to provide an optical device including a light deflection element capable of deflecting in a wide range at an angle. Furthermore, the present invention is formed using a high-performance organic photonic crystal that is environmentally friendly and can be manufactured at low cost, and allows incident light with different incident angles to travel in the same direction without increasing the size and cost of the device. A third object is to provide an optical device including an optical multiplexing element capable of multiplexing. In addition, the present invention is formed using a high-performance organic photonic crystal that is environmentally friendly and can be manufactured at low cost as a material, and does not increase the size of the device or increase the cost. A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an optical device including a scanning device capable of performing various kinds of scanning at high speed.

[0009]

Means for solving the problems Means for solving the problems are as follows. That is, <1> An optical device made of an optical element made of an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on the position, wherein light of a specific wavelength is incident on the first end face at a constant incident angle. Is an optical element in which the angle formed by the first and second end faces is determined so that the light is emitted from the second end face in a desired direction. <2> An optical device comprising an optical element configured by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on a position between a first and a second ordinary medium, the first device comprising: An optical element in which the angle formed by the first and second boundary surfaces is determined so that light of a specific wavelength that is incident on the boundary surface at a constant incident angle is emitted from the second boundary surface in a desired direction. It is an optical device characterized by the presence. <3> The material of the normal medium is the same as any of the materials forming the organic photonic crystal.
The optical device according to 1. <4> An optical device comprising an optical deflecting element made of an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on the position, wherein light of the same wavelength incident on the first end face at different incident angles is The optical device is characterized in that it is a light deflection element in which the shape of the second end face is determined so that the second end face emits light in different directions. <5> An optical device comprising an optical deflecting element made of an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on the position, wherein light of different wavelengths incident on the first end face at the same incident angle is The optical device is characterized in that it is a light deflection element in which the shape of the second end face is determined so that the second end face emits light in different directions. <6> An optical device including an optical deflecting element configured by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on a position between the first and second ordinary media, the optical device comprising: Is a light deflection element in which the shape of the second boundary surface is determined so that lights of the same wavelength that are incident on the boundary surface of the second boundary surface at different incident angles are emitted from the second boundary surface in different directions. Optical device. <7> An optical device including an optical deflection element configured by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on a position between the first and second ordinary media, the optical device comprising: Is a light deflection element in which the shape of the second boundary surface is determined so that lights of different wavelengths that are incident on the boundary surface of the second boundary surface at the same incident angle are emitted from the second boundary surface in different directions. Optical device. <8> The material of the normal medium is the same as any of the materials forming the organic photonic crystal.
Alternatively, it is the optical device according to <7>. <9> In the first end surface or the first boundary surface, the propagation directions of incident light are separated according to the incident angle or the wavelength, and are separated in the second end surface or the second boundary surface. <4> in which each light is emitted in different directions
To <8>. <10> An optical device including an optical multiplexing element made of an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on a position, wherein a plurality of lights incident on the first end face at different incident angles are incident on the second end face. It is an optical device characterized in that it is an optical multiplexing element in which the shape of the first end face is determined so as to combine in the same direction on the end face. <11> An optical device composed of an optical multiplexing element configured by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on a position between the first and second ordinary media, Is a light combining element in which the shape of the first boundary surface is determined so that a plurality of lights incident on the boundary surface at different incident angles are combined in the same direction at the second boundary surface. It is an optical device. <12> The material of the normal medium is the same as any of the materials forming the organic photonic crystal.
1> is an optical device. <13> The light deflection element according to <4> or <6>, a light source that outputs light having a constant wavelength toward the light deflection element, and the light deflection element by vibrating the light deflection element. An optical device comprising: a resonance head that scans an object with light deflected by an element; and a scanning device. <14> The object deflected by the light deflecting element is scanned by changing the wavelength of the light deflecting element according to <5> or <7> and the light output toward the light deflecting element. The optical device is a scanning device including: <15> The organic photonic crystal has a one-dimensional or multidimensional periodic structure, and at least a part of the periodic structure is formed of an organic compound.
The optical device according to any one of 4>. <16> The optical device according to <15>, which has a photonic band gap. <17> The optical device according to <15> or <16>, wherein the organic compound is at least one selected from resin materials. <18> The optical device according to <15> or <16>, wherein the organic compound is at least one selected from biodegradable materials. <19> The optical device according to <18>, which has a plurality of layers of sheet-like organic molecules made of a biodegradable material and has at least a one-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent layers. . <20> The above <18> which has a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are arranged in parallel and has at least a one-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent layers.
> Is an optical device described in. <21> The optical device according to <18>, in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are erected, and at least a two-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent rod-shaped bodies. . <22> A two-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are erected in a state of closely contacting each other, and a plurality of holes are formed in the same direction as the erected direction of the rod-shaped organic molecules. The optical device according to <18>, which has at least the above. <23> A plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are juxtaposed in the same direction so as not to contact each other, and a plurality of layers are laminated so that the lengthwise directions of the rod-shaped organic molecules in the layers are alternately substantially orthogonal to each other. The optical device according to <18>, which has at least a three-dimensional periodic structure. <24> The above-mentioned <18> having at least a three-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of rod-like organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are arranged in parallel in the same direction so as not to contact each other and a plurality of plate-like bodies are alternately laminated. > Is an optical device described in. <25> At least a three-dimensional periodic structure having a plurality of unit structures in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are erected on a plate and voids are formed between adjacent rods. The optical device according to <18>. <26> A plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are erected in close contact with each other on a plate, and a plurality of holes are formed in the same direction as the erected direction of the rod-shaped organic molecules. The optical device according to <18>, which has at least a three-dimensional periodic structure having a plurality of unit structures. <27> The optical device according to <19>, wherein the sheet-shaped organic molecule is a β-sheet polypeptide. <28> The optical device according to any one of <20> to <26>, wherein the rod-shaped organic molecule is at least one selected from α-helix, DNA and amylose. <29> The above-mentioned <24>, wherein the plate-shaped body is an inorganic layered compound.
To <26>. <30> The optical device according to <19> or <27>, in which the side chains of the sheet-like organic molecule are doped with high refractive index nanoparticles. <31> The optical device according to any one of <20> to <26> and <28> to <29>, in which side chains of rod-shaped organic molecules are doped with high refractive index nanoparticles. <32> The optical device according to <31>, wherein the high refractive index nanoparticles have a refractive index of 2 or more. <33> The above <20>, wherein the rod-shaped organic molecule is amphipathic
To <26>, <28> to <29>, and <31> to <32>.

In the optical device of <1>, as long as the direction in which light propagates in the optical element and the direction in which light exits the optical element are on the same side with respect to the second end face, the first The angle formed by the end face and the second end face can be set with a high degree of freedom. Moreover, since this optical element is a passive element, it has a very fast response to an input. Therefore, according to the optical element of the present invention, the direction in which the light of a specific wavelength travels is significantly changed without increasing the size and cost of the element itself,
The light can be extracted in a desired direction.

In the optical devices of <4> and <5>, the shape of the second end face is determined so that lights having different incident angles or wavelengths are emitted from the second end face in different directions. Since these light deflection elements are passive elements, they are suitable for input. The response is very fast. Therefore, according to the optical deflection element of the present invention, incident light having different incident angles or wavelengths can be widely deflected in different directions without increasing the size and cost of the element itself.

[0012]

In the optical device of <10>,
The shape of the first end face is determined so that a plurality of lights having different incident angles are combined in the same direction on the second end face. Since this optical multiplexing element is a passive element, it has a very fast response to an input. Therefore, according to the optical multiplexing element of the present invention, it is possible to combine incident lights having greatly different incident angles and emit the same in the same direction without increasing the size and cost of the element itself. Further, these optical multiplexing elements can be used as a wavelength mixer for wavelength multiplexing communication by multiplexing a plurality of lights to generate light of higher intensity.

By using the optical devices of <13> and <14>, it is possible to perform wide-range scanning at high speed by changing the incident angle or the wavelength without increasing the size of the entire apparatus.

According to the optical device described in any one of <15> to <33>, the problem can be solved, and the optical device is made of an eco-friendly eco-material and has nano-order accuracy at low cost. It can be manufactured, the dimension (diameter, length) of the structure, the refractive index, etc. can be easily controlled, and the functions such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity can be easily added. Optical elements, optical deflection elements, optical multiplexing It is preferably used as a material for optical devices such as elements and scanning devices.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring to the accompanying drawings,
An embodiment of the optical device of the present invention will be described in detail.

<Optical Element> FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the shape of an optical element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the angle formed by the incident normal to the optical element and the direction in which light is emitted from the optical element is called the emission angle. As shown in FIG. 1, the optical element 10 is made of an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on the position, and is incident on the first end face 11 at a certain incident angle. The angle formed by the first and second end faces is determined so that the light of the wavelength is emitted from the second end face 12 in a desired direction. Further, as another aspect, the optical element is configured by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on a position between the first and second ordinary media, and has a first boundary. The angle formed by the first and second boundary surfaces is determined so that light of a specific wavelength that is incident on the surface at a constant incident angle is emitted from the second boundary surface in a desired direction. Here, the optical element 10 is a passive element used to emit incident light in a desired direction, and is made of an organic photonic crystal described in detail below as a material.

-Organic Photonic Crystal- The organic photonic crystal of the present invention has at least a part of one-dimensional or multidimensional periodic structure, and at least a part of the periodic structure is formed of an organic compound. ing. In the organic photonic crystal, the whole may be formed of the organic compound, or a part of the organic photonic crystal may be formed of the organic compound.

The organic photonic crystal of the present invention preferably has a photonic band gap from the viewpoint of application or application to optical devices such as optical elements, optical deflecting elements, optical multiplexing elements, and scanning devices. .

The photonic band gap means a forbidden band in which light propagation in all directions is prohibited. In the frequency band corresponding to this forbidden band, the light outside the organic photonic crystal cannot enter the inside of the organic photonic crystal and is reflected, and the light inside the organic photonic crystal is reflected in the photonic crystal. It cannot leak out of the nick crystal.

When a photonic band gap is present in the organic photonic crystal of the present invention, if a non-uniform element is introduced into the photonic band gap, light localization occurs and a resonance frequency appears. This is advantageous in that the design of the optical waveguide and the like is easy.

When the organic photonic crystal of the present invention has a photonic band gap, the period of the periodic structure in the organic photonic crystal is about 1 of the wavelength of light limited by the photonic band gap (PBG). / 2, for example, for light having a wavelength of 1 μm, the period needs to be about 0.5 μm, and the size of the organic photonic crystal portion needs to be about 0.2 μm. Therefore, about 5 rows of this organic photonic crystal are required. The dimensional error allowed in the organic photonic crystal is about 10 nm.

The periodic structure in the organic photonic crystal of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, and is selected from one-dimensional and multidimensional.
It should be noted that examples of the multidimensional include two-dimensional and three-dimensional.

Here, specific examples of the periodic structure in the organic photonic crystal of the present invention include the one-dimensional periodic structure, two-dimensional periodic structure and three-dimensional periodic structure shown in Table 1 and FIGS. To be

[0025]

[Table 1]

The one-dimensional periodic structure is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, a deep diffraction grating type periodic structure as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
The air gap type periodic structure as shown in FIG. 4 and the air bridge type periodic structure as shown in FIG.

The two-dimensional periodic structure is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, a vertical hole type periodic structure as shown in FIG. 5 or a column as shown in FIG. Examples include a periodic structure of a mold.

The three-dimensional periodic structure is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, an oblique hole type periodic structure as shown in FIG. 7 and a square bar as shown in FIG. And the stacked type periodic structure of honeycomb layers, the stacked type structure of spheres, and the like.

In the present invention, the following specific periodic structures are preferable among the above periodic structures. The one-dimensional periodic structure has a plurality of layers of sheet-like organic molecules, a one-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent layers, a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged in parallel. And a one-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent layers is preferable.

The two-dimensional periodic structure is a two-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules are erected and voids are formed between adjacent rod-shaped bodies, or a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules are in close contact with each other. Preferable examples include a two-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of pores are formed in a standing manner and in the same direction as the standing direction of the rod-shaped organic molecule.

As the three-dimensional periodic structure, a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged in parallel in the same direction so as not to be in contact with each other are arranged such that the lengthwise directions of the rod-shaped organic molecules in the layers are alternately orthogonal to each other. Three-dimensional periodic structure formed by stacking a plurality of layers, three-dimensional periodic structure formed by alternately stacking a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged in parallel in the same direction so as not to contact each other, and a plate-shaped body, plate-shaped body A three-dimensional periodic structure that has a plurality of unit structures in which voids are formed between adjacent rod-shaped bodies, and a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules are closely attached to each other. Preferable examples include a three-dimensional periodic structure having a plurality of unit structures each having a plurality of unit structures in which a plurality of pores are formed in the same direction as the standing direction of the rod-shaped organic molecule.

-Organic Compound- The organic compound is appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose without any limitation, and examples thereof include resin materials and biodegradable materials. Among these, biodegradable materials are preferable because they have little influence on the environment.

--Resin Material-- The resin material is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However, in view of suitability for high precision processing, for example, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin Preferable examples are curable resins such as curable resins and photocurable resins.

The thermoplastic material is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride,
Examples thereof include polycondensation type polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polyaddition type thermoplastic polyurethanes, ring-opening polymerization type polyacetals, and the like, such as polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, fluororesins, and polymethylmethacrylate.

Examples of the curable resin include epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyurethane resin, unsaturated polyester resin, urea resin and melamine resin. A filler such as glass fiber, wood powder, pulp, asbestos, calcium carbonate or the like may be added to the curable resin.

--Biodegradable Material-- The biodegradable material is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include biodegradable plastics, proteins, sugars, nucleic acids and lipids. And so on. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

--- Biodegradable plastic --- Examples of the biodegradable plastic include curdlan, pullulan, bacterial cellulose, polyamino acid,
Chitin, chitosan, marine polysaccharides, cellulose, etc.
Examples thereof include those obtained by chemical synthesis of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, aliphatic copolyester, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and the like.
The biodegradable plastic may have a side chain or the like appropriately selected according to the purpose.

--- Protein ---- The protein is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, and may have any of a primary structure, a secondary structure, a tertiary structure and a quaternary structure. Although preferable, α-helix structure and β-sheet structure are preferable. The amino acid that constitutes the protein is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine,
Tryptophan, methionine, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like can be mentioned. The protein may have a sugar chain or the like appropriately selected according to the purpose.

--Sugar ---- The saccharide is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include known polysaccharides. Specifically, cellulose, chitin, Examples include starch, glycogen, and the like, heteropolysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin, glycoproteins such as peptidoglycan, and the like. The saccharide may have a side chain or the like appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

--- Nucleic acid --- The nucleic acid is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include DNA and RNA. The nucleic acid may have a side chain or the like appropriately selected depending on the purpose.

--Lipid-- The lipid is appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose without any limitation, and examples thereof include neutral lipids, simple lipids such as wax, glycerophospholipids, sphingophospholipids, Examples thereof include complex lipids such as glycolipids. The lipid may have a side chain or the like appropriately selected according to the purpose.

In the present invention, among the above-mentioned organic compounds, rod-shaped organic molecules, sheet-shaped organic molecules and the like are particularly preferable.

--Rod-shaped Organic Molecule-- The rod-shaped organic molecule is not particularly limited in shape, structure, material and the like, and can be appropriately selected within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. Examples include biopolymers, polysaccharides, liquid crystals, rod-type polymers and the like.

Examples of the biopolymer include conductive fibrous protein, α-helix polypeptide, nucleic acid (D
NA, RNA) and the like are preferable. Examples of the conductive fibrous protein include those having an α-helix structure such as α-keratin, myosin, epidermin, fibrinogen, tropomycin, and silk fibroin. Suitable examples of the polysaccharides include amylose and the like.

Examples of the liquid crystal include rod-like liquid crystal molecules, discotic liquid crystal molecules, and one-dimensional to three-dimensional crystallized liquid crystals obtained by adding nanostructures to these liquid crystals. .

Examples of the rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules include azomethine compounds, azoxy compounds, cyanobiphenyl compounds, cyanophenyl ester compounds, benzoic acid ester compounds, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid phenyl ester compounds, cyanophenylcyclohexane compounds, cyano-substituted phenylpyrimidine compounds, Examples thereof include alkoxy-substituted phenylpyrimidine compounds, phenyldioxane compounds, tolan compounds, alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitrile compounds and the like. Further, polymer liquid crystal molecules are also suitable.

As the discotic liquid crystal molecule, various documents (C. Destrade, et al.
l. , Mol. Crysr. Liq. Cryst. , V
ol. 71, page 111 (1981); Chemical Society of Japan, Li. 22, Liquid Crystal Chemistry, Chapter 5,
Chapter 10 Section 2 (1994); Kohne et
al. , Angew, Chem. Soc. Chem. C
omm. page 1794 (1985); Zha
ng et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. ，
Vo1 116, page 2655 (1994)),
And JP-A-5-5837 and JP-A-8-27284.
JP-A-8-334621 and JP-A-9-10465.
The compounds described in each publication of No. 6 and the like can be mentioned.

The nanostructure is appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose without any limitation, and examples thereof include fine particles of silicon and gold, and liquid droplets. In the crystallized liquid crystal, the nanostructure usually has a thickness of several nm.
It is located at intervals of about several hundred nm.

The rod-shaped polymer is a polymer formed by self-assembling the monomer molecules of the resin material such as the thermoplastic resin into a three-dimensional rod-shaped polymer. The rod-shaped polymer can be obtained by, for example, chaining and assembling the monomer molecules by a mechanical bond, an intermolecular force or the like to obtain a rod-shaped polymer having a tubular shape, a fibrous shape or the like.

Among the rod-shaped organic molecules, liquid crystals crystallized into rods by the nanostructures, rod-shaped polymers, helical organic molecules having a helical structure, and the like are preferable because they can stably maintain the rod-like shape. preferable.

Among the above-mentioned ones, the above-mentioned helical organic molecules include α-helix polypeptides, DNA, amylose and the like. Among these, at least selected from α-helix polypeptides, DNA and amylose. It is preferably one type, and more preferably α-helix polypeptide.

The outer diameter of the rod-shaped organic molecule is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. , For example, about 10 to 100 nm. The outer diameter of the rod-shaped organic molecule is, for example, the introduction of a side chain,
It can be appropriately adjusted by introducing a rod-shaped member into the spiral shaft, bundling a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules, or the like.

The length of the rod-shaped organic molecule is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. , For example, about 100 to 10,000 nm, and when the rod-shaped organic molecules are used in parallel,
For example, it is about 100 to 10,000 nm. The length of the rod-shaped organic molecule can be appropriately adjusted by, for example, changing the degree of polymerization, binding of the rod-shaped organic molecule, or introduction of a side chain.

[Α-Helix Polypeptide] The α
-A helix polypeptide is one of the secondary structures of a polypeptide and has one turn (1 turn for every 3.6 amino acid residues).
Form a helix) and form a hydrogen bond between the imide group (-NH-) and the carbonyl group (-CO-) of every 4th amino acid, which is almost parallel to the helical axis, and repeats with 7 amino acids as one unit. Has an energy-stable structure.

The helical direction of the α-helix polypeptide is not particularly limited and may be right-handed or left-handed. From the viewpoint of stability, only the right-handed helical direction exists in nature.

The amino acid forming the α-helix polypeptide is not particularly limited as long as it can form an α-helix structure and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Those that are easy to form are preferable, and examples of such amino acids include aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), histidine (His), asparagine (Asn), glutamine (G).
In, serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), alanine (Ala), valine (Val), leucine (Le)
u), isoleucine (Ile), cysteine (Cy
s), methionine (Met), tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp)
And the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The affinity of the α-helix polypeptide can be changed to hydrophilic, hydrophobic or amphipathic by appropriately selecting the amino acid. As an amino acid, serine (S
er), threonine (Thr), aspartic acid (As
p), glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Ar
g), lysine (Lys), asparagine (Asn), glutamine (Gln) and the like are preferable, and when the above-mentioned hydrophobicity is given, the amino acids include phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), isoleucine (Ile). , Tyrosine (Tyr), methionine (Me
t), leucine (Leu), valine (Val) and the like.

In the α-helix polypeptide, the carboxyl group which does not form a peptide bond in the amino acid forming the α-helix can be made hydrophobic by esterification. The esterified carboxyl group can be rendered hydrophilic by hydrolyzing it.

The amino acids include L-amino acids and D
-It may be any of amino acids and derivatives thereof whose side chain portions are modified.

The number of amino acids bonded (degree of polymerization) in the α-helix polypeptide is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
It is preferably 5000. Number of bonds (degree of polymerization)
However, if it is less than 10, the polyamino acid may not be able to form a stable α-helix, and if it exceeds 5000, it may be difficult to perform vertical alignment.

Specific examples of the α-helix polypeptide include poly (γ-methyl-L-glutamate), poly (γ-ethyl-L-glutamate) and poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate). , Poly (L-glutamate-γ-benzyl), poly (n-hexyl-L-
Glutamate) and other polyglutamic acid derivatives, poly (β
-Benzyl-L-aspartate) and other polyaspartic acid derivatives, poly (L-leucine), poly (L-alanine), poly (L-methionine), poly (L-phenylalanine), poly (L-lysine)- Poly (γ-methyl-L
-Glutamate) and the like.

The α-helix polypeptide may be commercially available or may be appropriately synthesized or prepared according to the method described in publicly known documents and the like.

As an example of the synthesis of the α-helix polypeptide, a block copolypeptide [poly (L-lysine) ₂₅ -poly (γ-methyl-L-glutamate) is used.
₆₀ ] The synthesis of PLLZ ₂₅ -PMLG ₆₀ is shown here: That is, the block copolypeptide [poly (L-lysine) ₂₅ -poly (γ-methyl-L-glutamate) ₆₀ ] PLZ ₂₅ -PMLG ₆₀ uses n-hexylamine as an initiator as shown in the following formula. , N ^ε -carbobenzoxy L-lysine N ^α -carboxyanhydride (LLZ-NCA) is polymerized, and then γ-methyl L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (MLG-NCA) is polymerized. It can be synthesized by

[0064]

[Chemical 1]

The synthesis of the α-helix polypeptide is not limited to the above-mentioned method, and it can be synthesized by a genetic engineering method. Specifically, it can be produced by transforming a host cell with an expression vector into which a DNA encoding the desired polypeptide is incorporated, and culturing the transformant. Examples of the expression vector include a plasmid vector, a phage vector, a chimera vector of a plasmid and a phage, and the like. Examples of the host cells include prokaryotic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeast, and animal cells.

The α-helix polypeptide is prepared by cutting out the α-helix structure portion from a natural conductive fibrous protein such as α-keratin, myosin, epidermin, fibrinogen, tropomycin, silk fibroin. May be.

[DNA] Although the DNA may be a single-stranded DNA, it is a double-stranded DNA because it can stably maintain a rod shape and can intercalate other substances inside. Preferably. The double-stranded DNA has a double-helix structure formed by arranging two right-handed helical helical strands extending in opposite directions around one central axis. The polynucleotide chain is formed of four kinds of nucleobases of adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C), and the nucleobase in the polynucleotide chain is:
They exist so as to protrude inward from each other in a plane perpendicular to the central axis, and form so-called Watson-Crick base pairs.Thymine is specific for adenine and cytosine is specific for guanine. Are hydrogen-bonded together. As a result, in the double-stranded DNA, the two polypeptide chains are complementarily bound to each other.

The above-mentioned DNA is the known PCR (Polym).
erase Chain Reaction) method, LC
R (Ligase chain Reaction)
Method, 3SR (Self-sustained Sequ)
ence Replication) method, SDA (St
rand Displacement Amplifi
Cation) method or the like, but among these, the PCR method is preferable.

The DNA may be prepared by directly enzymatically cleaving a natural gene with a restriction enzyme, prepared by a gene cloning method, or prepared by a chemical synthesis method.

In the case of the gene cloning method described above, for example, a product obtained by amplifying a normal nucleic acid is incorporated into a vector selected from a plasmid vector, a phage vector, a chimera vector of a plasmid and a phage, and a prokaryotic microorganism such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis, A large amount of the DNA can be prepared by introducing it into any proliferative host selected from eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeast and animal cells. Examples of the chemical synthesis method include a liquid phase method such as a triester method and a phosphorous acid method, or a solid phase synthesis method using an insoluble carrier. In the case of the chemical synthesis method, a double-stranded DNA is prepared by preparing a large amount of single-stranded DNA using a known automatic synthesizer and then performing annealing.
Can be prepared.

[Amylose] The amylose is a polysaccharide having a helical structure in which D-glucose constituting starch, which is a homopolysaccharide for storage of higher plants, is linearly linked by α-1,4 bonds. . The amylose has a number average molecular weight of preferably several thousand to 150,000. The amylose may be commercially available or may be appropriately prepared according to a known method. The amylose may partially contain amylopectin.

The length of the rod-shaped organic molecule is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

The diameter of the rod-shaped organic molecule is not particularly limited, but in the case of the α-helix polypeptide, it is about 0.8 to 2.0 nm.

The rod-shaped organic molecule may be wholly hydrophobic or hydrophilic, or a part of the rod-shaped organic molecule may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic and the other part may have the opposite affinity to the part. It may be amphipathic as shown. When the rod-shaped organic molecule is the amphipathic one, an emulsion is obtained by dispersing it in an oil phase or an aqueous phase, and film formation is easy, and the water surface is determined by the LB method (Langmuir-Blodgett method). It is preferable in that it can be developed and the molecules can be arranged on a desired substrate.

Here, an example of the amphiphilic rod-shaped organic molecule is shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, the rod-shaped organic molecule 1 has a hydrophobic portion 1a at one end and a hydrophilic portion 1b at the other end.
Have.

In the present invention, the rod-shaped organic molecule may have an action part capable of interacting with the target molecule at the linear end or side chain. When the rod-shaped organic molecule has the action portion, it is advantageous in that the arrangement and the like of the rod-shaped organic molecule can be easily controlled by using the target molecule that interacts with the action portion. Specifically, for example, when the target molecule is arranged on a substrate or the like and a rod-shaped organic molecule having an action part capable of interacting with the target molecule is provided on the substrate,
The arrangement of the rod-shaped organic molecules on the substrate and the like can be easily controlled by the interaction between the acting molecule and the acting portion.

The acting portion is not particularly limited as long as it can interact with the target molecule, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. The mode of the interaction is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. These include, for example, hydrogen bonds, intermolecular forces (van der
(Walls force), coordination bond, ionic bond, covalent bond and the like.

Preferable specific examples of the action portion include clathrate compounds, antibodies, nucleic acids, hormone receptors, lectins, physiologically active substance receptors and the like. Among these, nucleic acids are preferable, and single-stranded DNA and RNA are more preferable, because any wiring can be easily formed.

The target molecule is a guest (a component to be included) in the case of the inclusion compound, an antigen in the case of the antibody, and an antigen in the case of the nucleic acid. Nucleic acid, tubulin, chitin, etc., a hormone in the case of the hormone receptor, a sugar, etc. in the case of the lectin, and a physiologically active substance in the case of the physiologically active substance receptor.

The inclusion compound is not particularly limited as long as it has a molecular recognition ability (host-guest binding ability), and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a tubular (one-dimensional) cavity can be used. Preferable ones include those having a layered (two-dimensional) cavity, those having a cage (three-dimensional) cavity, and the like.

Examples of the inclusion compound having a cylindrical (one-dimensional) cavity include urea, thiourea, deoxycholic acid, dinitrodiphenyl, dioxytriphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, methylnaphthalene, spirochroman, PHTP. (Perhydrotriphenylene), cellulose, amylose, cyclodextrin (however, in the solution, the cavity is a cage) and the like.

Examples of the target molecule with which urea can interact include n-paraffin derivatives.
Examples of the target molecule with which thiourea can interact include branched or cyclic hydrocarbons. As the target molecule with which the deoxycholic acid can interact,
Examples include paraffins, fatty acids, aromatic compounds, and the like. Examples of target molecules with which dinitrodiphenyl can interact include diphenyl derivatives.

Examples of target molecules with which the dioxytriphenylmethane can interact include paraffins and n
-Alkenes, squalene and the like. Examples of the target molecule with which triphenylmethane can interact include paraffins. The target molecule with which the methylnaphthalene can interact is, for example, C
Examples include n-paraffins up to ₁₆ and branched paraffins. Examples of the target molecule with which the spirochroman can interact include paraffins. The target molecule with which the PHTP (perhydrotriphenylene) can interact is, for example, chloroform,
Examples thereof include benzene and various polymer substances. The target molecule with which the cellulose can interact is, for example, H
₂ O, paraffins, CCl ₄ , dyes, iodine and the like. Examples of the target molecule with which the amylose can interact include fatty acids and iodine.

The cyclodextrin is a cyclic dextrin produced by the decomposition of starch by amylase, and three kinds of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin are known. In the present invention, as the cyclodextrin, a part of these hydroxyl groups is another functional group, for example, an alkyl group,
Also included are cyclodextrin derivatives in which an allyl group, an alkoxy group, an amide group, a sulfonic acid group or the like is changed.

The target molecules with which the cyclodextrin can interact include, for example, thymol, eugenol,
Resorcinol, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, phenol derivatives such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, salicylic acid, methyl paraoxybenzoate, benzoic acid derivatives such as ethyl paraoxybenzoate and its esters, steroids such as cholesterol, ascorbic acid, Retinol, vitamins such as tocopherol, hydrocarbons such as limonene, allyl isothiocyanate, sorbic acid, iodine molecule, methyl orange, congo red, 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid potassium salt (TNS), etc. Can be mentioned.

Examples of the layered (two-dimensional) clathrate compound include clay mineral, graphite, smectite,
Examples include montmorillonite and zeolite.

With the target molecule with which the clay mineral can interact
Examples include hydrophilic substances and polar compounds.
Be done. As the target molecule that the graphite can interact with
For example, O, HSO_Four ⁻, Halogen, halogenated
Thing, an alkali metal, etc. are mentioned. Said Montmorillona
Examples of target molecules with which the ite can interact include
Syn, codeine, o-phenylenediamine, benzidi
, Piperidine, adenine, guanine and their
Examples include poside. The zeolite can interact
Examples of effective target molecules include H_TwoSuch as O
It

Examples of the cage compound (three-dimensional) inclusion compound include hydroquinone, gas hydrate, tri-o-thymotide, oxyflavan, dicyanoammine nickel,
Cryptand, calixarene, crown compounds and the like can be mentioned.

Targets with which the hydroquinone can interact
As the child, for example, HCl, SO _Two, Acetylene, rare
Examples include gas elements. The gas hydrate interacts
Possible target molecules include, for example, halogens, noble gas sources
Elementary and lower hydrocarbons are included. The tri-o-ch
Target molecules with which motide can interact include, for example,
Chlorohexane, benzene, chloroform, etc.
It As the target molecule with which the oxyflavan can interact,
Examples include organic bases and the like. Saithia
Noammin nickel as a target molecule that can interact
Examples include benzene and phenol.
As the target molecule with which the cryptand can interact,
For example, NH⁴⁺, Various metal ions, and the like.

The above calixarene is a cyclic oligomer in which a phenol unit synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde under appropriate conditions is bound with a methylene group,
4-8 nuclides are known. Of these, examples of target molecules with which pt-butyl calixarene (n = 4) can interact include chloroform, benzene, and toluene. Examples of the target molecule with which p-t-butylcalixarene (n = 5) can interact include isopropyl alcohol and acetone. The target molecule with which pt-butyl calixarene (n = 6) can interact is, for example, chloroform,
Examples thereof include methanol. Examples of target molecules with which pt-butyl calixarene (n = 7) can interact include chloroform.

The crown compound includes not only a crown ether having oxygen as an electron-donating donor atom but also a macrocyclic compound having a donor atom such as nitrogen or sulfur as a ring structure-constituting atom as an analog thereof. Also included are multicyclic crown compounds consisting of two or more rings representing cryptands, such as cyclohexyl-
12-crown-4, dibenzo-14-crown-4,
t-Butylbenzo-15-crown-5, dibenzo-1
8-crown-6, dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6, 18-crown-6, tribenzo-18-crown-6, tetrabenzo-24-crown-8, dibenzo-26-crown-6 and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of target molecules with which the crown compound can interact include various metal ions such as alkali metals such as Li, Na and K, alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca, NH ⁴⁺ and alkyl ammonium ions, Examples thereof include guanidinium ion and aromatic diazonium ion, and the crown compound forms a complex with them. In addition to these, as a target molecule with which the crown compound can interact, C—H (acetonitrile, malonnitrile, adiponitrile, etc.) having a relatively high acidity, NH (aniline, aminobenzoic acid, amide) , Sulfamide derivatives), polar organic compounds having OH (phenol, acetic acid derivatives, etc.) units, and the crown compounds form a complex with them.

--Sheet-like Organic Molecule-- The sheet-like organic molecule is not particularly limited in size, shape, structure, material, etc., and may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. However, for example, a sheet formed by molding the thermoplastic resin or the curable resin, a β-sheet polypeptide, a monomolecular film in which the rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged, or a laminated film thereof is preferable.

The monomolecular film formed by arranging the rod-shaped organic molecules or the laminated film formed thereof is not particularly limited and can be obtained by a method appropriately selected according to the purpose. In the case of a monomolecular film formed by arranging α-helix polypeptides or a laminated film formed thereof, for example, the Langmuir-Blodgett method (L
It can be formed according to the method B). At that time,
Known LB film forming apparatus (for example, NL-LB400NK manufactured by Japan Laser & Electronics Laboratories)
-MWC and the like are preferably mentioned) can be used.

The above-mentioned monolayer is, for example, in a state where the α-helix polypeptide is floated on the water surface (on the water phase),
That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the α-helix polypeptide 1 can be formed on the substrate 5 by using the extruding member 7 in the oriented state. By repeating this operation, it is possible to form the laminated film in which the monomolecular film is laminated in an arbitrary number on the substrate 5. At this time, the substrate 5 is not particularly limited, and its material, shape, and
The size and the like can be appropriately selected, but a plate-like body described later is preferable, and the surface thereof is appropriately surface-treated in advance for the purpose of facilitating attachment or binding of α-helix polypeptide 1. Is preferred, and specifically, α-
If helix polypeptide 1 is hydrophilic,
It is preferable to perform a surface treatment such as a hydrophilic treatment using octadecyl trimethylsiloxane in advance.

When forming a monomolecular film of an amphipathic α-helix polypeptide, the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide is floated on an oil phase or an aqueous phase. As shown in FIG. 11, on the water phase or oil phase, the hydrophobic parts 1a of the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 are aligned adjacent to each other, and the hydrophilic parts 1b are adjacent to each other. It is oriented.

The above is an example of a monomolecular film in which the α-helix polypeptide is oriented in a plane direction of the monomolecular film (in a state of lying sideways) or a laminated film formed by the monomolecular film. The monomolecular film oriented in the thickness direction of the monomolecular film (in a standing state) can be formed, for example, as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 12, first, in a state where the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 was floated on the water surface (on the water phase) (on the side), the water (aqueous phase) Adjust the pH to about 12 alkaline. Then, the hydrophilic part 1b in the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 has a random structure by unraveling the α-helix structure. At this time, the hydrophobic part 1a in the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 maintains the α-helix structure. Next, the water (aqueous phase)
PH of about 5 is made acidic. Then, the amphiphilic α-
The hydrophilic part 1b in the helix polypeptide 1 is
It comes to have an α-helix structure again. At this time,
When the pressing member 7 that is in contact with the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 is pressed against the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 with air pressure from its side surface, the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 is pressed. The α-helix polypeptide 1 has its hydrophilic part 1b having an α-helix structure in the water phase in a direction substantially orthogonal to the water surface while standing in the water (water phase). Become. Then, as described above with reference to FIG. 10, the monomolecular film is formed on the substrate 5 by extruding the amphipathic α-helix polypeptide 1 onto the substrate 5 using the extruding member 7 in the oriented state. Can be formed. By repeating this operation, it is possible to form the laminated film in which the monomolecular film is laminated in an arbitrary number on the substrate 5.

The thickness of the sheet-like organic molecule is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
It is about 0 nm.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the side chains of the rod-shaped organic molecule and / or the side chains of the sheet-shaped organic molecule are doped with high refractive index nanoparticles. Generally, a polymer has a refractive index of about 1.4 to 1.6, and therefore the high refractive index nanoparticles are doped to improve or adjust the refractive index of the sheet-like organic molecule and / or the rod-like organic molecule. It is preferable because it can be obtained.

The high refractive index nanoparticles preferably have a refractive index of 2 or more, more preferably 3.0 to 6.0. When the refractive index is 2 or more,
A large refractive index difference with the medium (for example, air) occurs, and a clear light forbidden band (photonic band gap: PBG)
Are advantageous in that they can be formed. The refractive index can be obtained from an average value (additivity of refractive index) calculated from a mixing ratio of the refractive index of the rod-shaped organic molecule and the refractive index of the doped high refractive index particles. It is also possible to actually measure an actual sample with an Abbe refractometer or the like.

Specific examples of the high refractive index nanoparticles include:
Examples thereof include metal atoms, metal hydroxides, metal oxides, metal sulfides, carbon compounds, ionic compounds, halogen atoms and semiconductor crystals. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The metal atom is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include platinum, gold, silver, copper, chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, tin and indium. The metal oxide is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, oxides of the metal atom, and zinc white, titanium oxide, red iron oxide,
Preferable examples include chromium oxide, iron black, complex oxides, titanium yellow, cobalt blue, cerulean blue, cobalt green, and tin oxide / indium (ITO).
The metal hydroxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hydroxides of the above metal atoms, such as alumina white, yellow iron oxide, and pyridian.
The metal sulfide is not particularly limited, for example,
Examples thereof include sulfides of the above metal atoms, and examples thereof include cadmium yellow, cadmium red, vermilion, and lithbon. The carbon compound is not particularly limited,
Examples include carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoclusters, fullerenes and the like.
The ionic compound is not particularly limited, but chromic acid, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, arsenates, ferrocyanines, dyes and the like are preferable, and barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, ultramarine blue, angan. Examples include violet, cobalt violet, emerald green, and navy blue. Among these, cationic dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, azo dyes, acridine orange, ethidium bromide and the like are preferably mentioned, and examples of the cationic dyes include basic dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, cyanine dyes and heterocyclic dyes. Can be mentioned. The halogen atom is not particularly limited, for example, fluorine,
Examples include chlorine, iodine and bromine.

The doping amount of the high refractive index nanoparticles is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but in order to realize a high refractive index photonic crystal structure (photonic band gap). Further, it is preferable that the ratio to the organic molecule is 50% or more. In addition, when the metal oxide or the like is doped, the doping amount of the high refractive index nanoparticles is chemically adsorbed or physically adsorbed to the lawn pair of the heteroatom portion in the molecule or the cage site of the intermolecular void. Therefore, for example, if a complex or the like is formed, it can be measured by a change in absorption spectrum, fluorescent X-ray measurement, SEM-EDX.
The doping amount can be detected by, for example, mapping a specific atom.

The method of doping the high refractive index nanoparticles into the rod-shaped organic molecules is not particularly limited and may be performed according to a known method. For example, the rod-shaped organic molecules may be incorporated into the rod-shaped organic molecules. It can be carried out by immersing it in the liquid.

In the organic photonic crystal of the present invention, a plate-shaped body can be used in the three-dimensional periodic structure, and the plate-shaped body is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose. The compound may be an organic compound or an inorganic compound, and an inorganic layered compound and the like are particularly preferable. The use of the inorganic layered compound as the plate-shaped body is advantageous in that it is easy to stack the high refractive index flat plates in layers due to the shape factor (= high aspect ratio).

As the inorganic layered compound, smectite, swellable synthetic mica and swellable inorganic layered compound are particularly preferable.

The smectite is a tetrahedral sheet in which a Si-O tetrahedron containing Si at the center spreads in a plane, and
It has a structure in which an octahedral sheet having metal atoms such as l and Mg in the center is configured in a ratio of 2: 1. Examples of the tetrahedral sheet include beidellite, nontronite, volkonskoite, saponite, and the like. Examples of the octahedral sheet include montmorillonite, hectorite, and stevensite. Among the smectites, montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, etc. are commercially available as natural smectites, and saponite, hectorite, stevensite, etc. are commercially available as synthetic smectites.

Examples of the swelling synthetic mica include N
a Tetrasic mica NaMg _{2. 5} (Si ₄ O ₁₀ )
F ₂ , Na or Li Teniolite (NaLi) Mg ₂ L
i (Si ₄ O ₁₀ ) F ₂ , Na or Li hectorite (NaLi) _1/3 Mg _2/3 Li _1/3 (Si ₄ O
₁₀ ) F ₂ and the like.

The swellable inorganic layered compound has the general formula A
(B, C) _2-3 Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH, F, O) ₂ [where A is either Na or Li, B and C are either Mg or Li], etc. Examples thereof include vermiculite and the like.

The thickness of the plate is, for example, from 1 to
About 100 nm is preferable. The size of the plate-like body is preferably, for example, about 0.1 to 10 μm.

The organic photonic crystal of the present invention can be manufactured by a method appropriately selected according to the difference in the periodic structure and the like. For example, an organic photonic crystal having a one-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of layers of the sheet-like organic molecule are formed and voids are formed between adjacent layers is a photonic crystal layer having the above-mentioned sheet-like organic molecule. It can be obtained by arranging a plurality of parts so that a band gap appears. The organic photonic crystal having a one-dimensional periodic structure having a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged in parallel and having voids formed between adjacent layers has a rod-shaped structure as described above with reference to FIG. It can be obtained by arranging a plurality of layers in which organic molecules are aligned in parallel at intervals so that a photonic band gap appears.

Further, a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules are erected,
An organic photonic crystal having a two-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent rod-shaped bodies is an amphiphilic α-
It can be obtained by vertically orienting rod-shaped organic molecules such as helices polypeptides at intervals so that a photonic band gap appears. In addition, the upright is shown in FIG.
Can be carried out by using the above-mentioned method, or by providing the action part at the end of the rod-shaped organic molecule and using the action molecule to interact with the action part. An organic photonic crystal having a two-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules are erected in close contact with each other, and a plurality of holes are formed in the same direction as the erected direction of the rod-shaped organic molecules is an amphiphilic crystal. It can be obtained by vertically arranging a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules such as a soluble α-helix polypeptide in close contact with each other and forming a plurality of holes so that a photonic band gap appears. In order to bring the rod-shaped organic molecules into close contact with each other, a method of utilizing intermolecular force or the like, a method of providing the action portion and the action molecule on the peripheral side surface of the rod-shaped organic molecule, and utilizing the interaction between them are mentioned. To be

A tertiary layer formed by stacking a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged in parallel in the same direction so as not to contact each other so that the lengthwise directions of the rod-shaped organic molecules in the layer are alternately substantially orthogonal to each other. As described above, the organic photonic crystal having the original periodic structure has a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged in parallel so that a photonic band gap appears, and the lengthwise direction of the rod-shaped organic molecules is It is obtained by alternately stacking them so that they are substantially orthogonal to each other. The layer can be formed by the method described above with reference to FIG. An organic photonic crystal having a three-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules are arranged in parallel in the same direction so as not to contact each other and a plurality of plate-like bodies are alternately laminated are rod-shaped organic molecules arranged in parallel. It is obtained by alternately stacking a plurality of unit structures arranged on a plate-like body at intervals so that a photonic band gap appears so that the lengthwise directions of the rod-shaped organic molecules are substantially orthogonal to each other.
An organic photonic crystal having a three-dimensional periodic structure having a plurality of unit structures in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules are erected on a plate and voids are formed between adjacent rods is It can be obtained by stacking a plurality of unit structures standing upright on a plate-like body with an interval so that a photonic band gap appears. A three-dimensional cycle having a plurality of unit structures in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules are erected in a state of closely contacting each other on a plate, and a plurality of pores are formed in the same direction as the erected direction of the rod-shaped organic molecules. An organic photonic crystal having a structure is formed by arranging a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules such as an amphipathic α-helix polypeptide on a plate in a state in which they are in close contact with each other, and a hole is formed so that a photonic band gap appears. It is obtained by stacking a unit structure in which a plurality of is formed.

Again, the optical element of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described in more detail. The numerical values used below are values for simplifying the description and can be changed to various values within the scope of the present invention.

In the optical device 10 of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, a large number of cylinders (rod-shaped organic molecules) 20 are periodically erected on a silicon (Si) substrate 21 in a two-dimensional triangular lattice array. A plurality of holes are formed in these rod-shaped organic polymers 20 in the same direction as the standing direction, and the side chains of the rod-shaped organic polymers are doped with high-refractive-index nanoparticles, so that the refractive index is periodic. Form a structure that changes to. Here, the effective refractive index of the silicon substrate is 3.065, the wavelength of the target light in vacuum is 1.55 μm, the radius r of the cylinder is 0.387 μm, and the pitch a of the cylinder is 0.93 μm.
And

The light propagating in the organic photonic crystal is affected by multiple scattering due to the periodic structure of the crystal, and its propagation characteristics are explained by a photonic band diagram similar to the band diagram of electrons in a semiconductor. To be done. For example, when light propagates in the organic photonic crystal shown in FIG. 13 parallel to the paper surface and its plane of polarization is also parallel to the paper surface, a photonic band diagram as shown in FIG. 14 is obtained. Such a photonic band diagram has a wave number vector in the reciprocal lattice space and a normalized frequency (Ω = ωa
/ (2πc) where ω is the angular frequency of light and c is the speed of light in vacuum. Note that FIG. 14 shows a photonic band diagram in a reduction zone format.
Further, each symbol “Γ”, “M”, or “K” attached to the horizontal axis in FIG. 14 represents a specific wave number vector in the first Brillouin zone (the first Brillouin zone) as shown in FIG. 15.

Below, the wavelength of the target light is 1.55 μm.
Taking the case of (normalized frequency Ω = 0.6) as an example,
Angle φ formed by the first end face 11 and the second end face 12 of the optical element
How to decide is explained. FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a method of drawing the wave number vector of light propagating in the optical element 10 and the propagation direction thereof based on the wave number vector of light incident on the first end face 11 in FIG. 1. is there. In FIG. 16, the equal frequency dispersion surface Σ in air
₁ and an equifrequency dispersion plane Σ ₂ in the organic photonic crystal are shown. In FIG. 16, the kx axis is aligned with the tangential direction of the first end face 11, and the ky axis is the first.
Are aligned with the normal line direction of the end face 11. This also applies to FIG. 17 below.

In FIG. 16, the vector k ₁ whose starting point is the point Γ and whose ending point is the point P ₁ on the equal frequency dispersion plane Σ ₁ is the point P _1.
A wave number vector whose component is the coordinate of ₁ is given. Also, the outward normal vector V ₁ in the point P ₁ of equal frequency dispersion surface sigma ₁ gives the direction in which the light of the wave vector k ₁ is propagated through the air. Similarly, the vector k ₂ for starting the point gamma, and ending at point P ₂ on the equal frequency dispersion surface sigma ₂ to provide the wave vector of the coordinate point P ₂ and components. Further, the normal vector V ₂ at the point P ₂ of equal frequency dispersion surface sigma ₂ gives the direction in which the light of the wave vector k ₂ is propagated organic photonic crystal of Figure 13. The direction of V _{2 is taken in} the direction in which the sign of ∂ω / ∂k becomes positive.

At the boundary surface between two different media, the tangential component of the wave vector on the same surface is preserved. Therefore, in FIG. 16, the kx component of the wave number vector is preserved. The kx component of the wave vector k ₁ is the kx axis and the point P
_It is equal to the kx coordinate of the intersection with the perpendicular line (Snell line) S ₁ drawn from ₁ to the kx axis. Therefore, the vector k ₂ starting from the point Γ and ending at the intersection P ₂ of the equal frequency dispersion plane Σ ₂ and the snell line S ₁ gives the wave number vector of light propagating in the organic photonic crystal of FIG. Then, the equal frequency dispersion plane Σ ₂
The angle θ ₂ formed by the normal vector V _{2 at} the point P ₂ and the ky axis gives the refraction angle of the light incident on the first end face 11 at the incident angle θ ₁ . The light of the wave number vector k ₂ propagates in the direction of θ ₂ in the organic photonic crystal of FIG.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a method of drawing the angle φ formed by the first end surface 11 and the second end surface 12 in FIG. When the light propagating in the optical element 10 is emitted from the second end face 12 at the emission angle θ ₄ , a vector k ₃ having a point Γ as a start point and a point P ₃ on the equal frequency dispersion plane Σ ₁ as an end point is generated. , The wave number vector of the light emitted from the second end face 12 at the emission angle θ ₄ is given. Then, the equal frequency dispersion plane Σ ₁
The normal vector V _{3 at the} upper point P ₃ is the second end face 1
The light emitted from 2 gives a direction in which the light propagates in the air.

The tangential component of the wave number is also stored for the second end face 12 of the wave number vector. Accordingly, dashed line _{S 2} passing through two points of the end point _{P 3} of the end point _{P 2} and the wave vector _{k 3} of the wave vector _{k 2} is, provide a vertical Snell line to the second end surface 12. Therefore, a straight line Ξ passing through the point Γ and perpendicular to the snell line S indicates the tangential direction of the second end face 12, and the straight line Ξ is kx.
The angle formed by the axis gives the angle φ formed by the first end surface 11 and the second end surface 12.

The angle φ formed by the first end face 11 and the second end face 12 with respect to the second end face 12 is the direction in which light propagates in the optical element 10 and the direction in which the light exits from the optical element 10. As long as they are on the same side, it can be set with a high degree of freedom. Therefore,
According to this embodiment, it is possible to greatly change the traveling direction of light of a specific wavelength in a wide range and extract the light in a desired direction without increasing the size of the element itself and increasing the cost.

<Optical Deflection Element and Scanning Device> FIG. 18 is a plan view showing the shape of the optical deflection element according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the angle formed by the incident normal to the light deflecting element and the direction in which light is emitted from the light deflecting element is referred to as the emission angle. This also applies to the following embodiments of the optical deflector.

The light deflection element 30 is a passive element that emits light having different incident angles in different directions, and is, for example, as shown in FIG.
The material is an organic photonic crystal as shown in. In this case, as the organic photonic crystal, the same one as described in the above optical element can be appropriately selected and used according to the purpose.

Below, the wavelength of the target light is 1.55 μm.
A method of determining the shape of the second end face 32 will be described by taking the case where m is the range of the incident angle of the light as −4.3 ° to −6.9 ° as an example.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the demultiplexing characteristics of light on the first end face 31. Note that in FIG. 19, kx
The axis is aligned with the tangential direction of the first end surface 31, and the ky axis is aligned with the normal direction of the first end surface 31. In FIG. 19, the vector k ₁₁ has an incident angle θ on the first end face 31.
₁₁ represents the wave number vector of the incident light, and the vector k
₁₂ represents the wave vector of the incident light at an incident angle θ ₁₂ (> θ ₁₁₎ on the first end face 31. In the same manner as in FIG. 16, a vector V ₁₁ that matches the direction in which the light of the wave number vector k ₁₁ propagates in the light deflecting element 30 is given, and the light of the wave number vector k ₁₂ propagates in the light deflecting element 30. It is given by the matching vector V ₁₂ .

As shown in FIG. 19, the equal frequency dispersion plane Σ ₂
In the concave portion, the normal direction of the concave portion largely changes due to a slight change in the incident angle, and the light propagation direction largely changes. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, a slight change in the incident angle with respect to the first end face 31 can greatly change the propagation direction of light in the light deflector 30. Specifically, on the first end face 31, the incident light with the incident angle θ _I = −4.3 ° is refracted at the maximum refraction angle θ _P = 57 °, and the incident angle θ _I = −.
Incident light of 6.9 ° is refracted with a minimum refraction angle θ _P = 21 °. These lights are collimated while being deflected by the light deflection element 3
Propagate through 0 and reach different positions on the second end face 32.

In this embodiment, the tangential direction of the first end face 31 and the second end face 3 are set so that the respective propagating light in the light deflecting element 30 is emitted from the second end face 32 in different directions.
The angle of 2 with the tangential direction at the arrival position of each propagating light is determined. Specifically, the angle θ _O formed by the tangential direction of the first end face 31 and the tangential direction of the second end face 32 at the arrival position of the propagation light having the refraction angle θ _P = 57 ° is set to the maximum value of 59 °. The tangential direction of the first end face 31 and the refraction angle θ
The second end face 32 at the arrival position of the propagating light of _P = 21 °
The angle φ _O formed with the tangential direction of is set to a minimum value of −65 °. By deciding the shape of the second end face 32 in this way, the light incident on the first end face 31 at an incident angle in the range of 5.0 ° to 8.0 ° is transmitted from the second end face 32 to +70.
It is deflected in different directions with a wide range of emission angles of 3 ° to -83.3 °. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, incident light with different incident angles can be widely deflected in different directions without increasing the size of the element itself and increasing the cost.

As shown in FIG. 20, the optical deflector 3
0, a resonance head 81, a monochromatic laser oscillator 82, a motor 83 for driving the resonance head 81, a motor control unit 84 for controlling the operation of the motor 83, and the like to scan an object with light. Scanning device (eg,
The scanner) 80 can be configured. In this case, it is possible to perform wide-range scanning at a high speed by a slight angle change with respect to the monochromatic laser oscillator 82 that outputs light of a constant wavelength without increasing the size of the entire apparatus.

FIG. 21 is a plan view showing the shape of an optical deflecting element according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Light deflection element 40
Is a passive element for emitting lights having different wavelengths in different directions, and is made of, for example, an organic photonic crystal as shown in FIG. In this case, as the organic photonic crystal, the same one as described in the above optical element can be appropriately selected and used according to the purpose.

Below, the target wavelength range of light is 1.3.
A method of determining the shape of the second end face 42 will be described by taking as an example the case where the incident angle of light is 9 μm to 1.41 μm and the incident angle is −6.0 °. The wavelength range of such light is
This corresponds to the range of the normalized frequency Ω being 0.66 to 0.669. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the demultiplexing characteristic of light at the first end face 41, and the range of the normalized frequency Ω in the organic photonic crystal is 0.657 to 0.66.
Nine equal frequency dispersion planes are drawn with a frequency spacing of 1.8%. In FIG. 22, the kx axis is aligned with the tangential direction of the first end surface 41, and the ky axis is aligned with the normal direction of the first end surface 41.

As shown in FIG. 22, the shape of the equal frequency dispersion surface of the optical deflector 40 changes according to the normalized frequency Ω. Therefore, when the wavelength (normalized frequency) of the light incident on the first end face 41 at a constant incident angle is changed, the propagation direction of the light in the light deflection element 40 changes greatly. For example, when the normalized frequency Ω changes to 0.669 to 0.657, the vector giving the propagation direction of light in the light deflector 40 is V _21.
Changes to V ₂₂ . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 21, for example, in the first end face 41, the normalized frequency Ω = 0.
The light of 669 is refracted at the maximum refraction angle θ _P = 69 °, and the light of the normalized frequency Ω = 0.657 is refracted at the minimum refraction angle θ _P = −50 ° at the first end face 41. These lights propagate through the light deflection element 40 while being collimated,
Different positions of the second end face 42 are reached.

In the present embodiment, the tangential direction of the first end face 41 and the second end face 4 are set so that the respective propagating lights in the light deflecting element 40 are emitted from the second end face 42 in different directions.
The angle of 2 with the tangential direction at the arrival position of each propagating light is determined. Specifically, the angle φ _O formed by the tangential direction of the first end face 41 and the tangential direction of the second end face 42 at the arrival position of the propagation light having the refraction angle θ _P = 69 ° is set to a maximum value of 53 °, The tangential direction of the first end face 41 and the refraction angle θ
The second end face 4 at the arrival position of the propagating light of _P = −50 °
The angle φ _O formed by the tangential direction of 2 is set to the minimum value of −69 °. By deciding the shape of the second end face 42 in this way, the light incident on the first end face 41 at the standardized frequency Ω in the range of 0.657 to 0.669 is transmitted to the second end face 4
It is deflected in different directions with a wide range of emission angles from 2 to + 59.3 ° to −89.4 °. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, incident light having different wavelengths can be widely deflected in different directions without increasing the size of the element itself and increasing the cost.

As shown in FIG. 23, the optical deflector 4
0, wavelength tunable laser oscillator 91, and wavelength tunable laser 9
A scanning device (for example, a scanner) 90 that scans an object with light can be configured by combining with the laser control unit 92 that controls the first operation. In this case, it is possible to perform wide-range scanning at a high speed by a slight wavelength change without increasing the size of the entire apparatus.

In the above description, the optical deflecting element made of only the organic photonic crystal has been described, but the organic photonic crystal may be interposed between two ordinary optical media. In this case, FIG.
The radius of the equal frequency dispersion surface Σ ₁ shown in (3) may be changed to a value obtained by multiplying the radius by the refractive index of the optical medium. In this case, in particular, as shown in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25, the light deflection element can be configured by a material in which only a part of a normal optical medium is an organic photonic crystal.

In the light deflection element 50, the normal medium 51
And light of the same wavelength incident on the first boundary surface 54 of the organic photonic crystal 53 at different incident angles are emitted from the second boundary surface 55 of the normal medium 52 and the organic photonic crystal 53 in different directions. The shape of the second boundary surface 55 is determined based on the drawing similar to FIG. on the other hand,
In the light deflection element 60, light of different wavelengths that are incident on the first boundary surface 64 of the normal medium 61 and the organic photonic crystal 63 at the same incident angle are supplied to the second boundary of the normal medium 62 and the organic photonic crystal 63. The shape of the second boundary surface 65 is determined based on the same drawing as in FIG. 17 so that the light is emitted from the surface 65 in different directions.

In these cases, it is only necessary to pattern a part of an ordinary optical medium into an organic photonic crystal structure, and end face processing such as the light deflecting element 30 and the light deflecting element 40 is not required. The manufacturing process of the deflection element can be simplified. When determining the shapes of the second boundary surfaces 55 and 65, it is preferable to consider the refractive indexes at the boundary surfaces between the air and the normal media 51 and 52 and at the boundary surfaces between the air and the normal media 61 and 62. In this case, the refraction angle of light at the exit end can be reduced, and the reflection loss at the interface between air and the normal medium can be reduced.

<Optical Multiplexing Element> FIG. 26 is a plan view showing the shape of the optical multiplexing element according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the light deflection element described above, for example, the optical path can be traced in the reverse direction from the emission side to the incidence side due to the symmetry of the equifrequency dispersion plane provided by the organic photonic crystal as shown in FIG. . The optical multiplexing element 70 is, for example, a passive element applying such characteristics of the organic photonic crystal as shown in FIG. 13, and multiple lights having different incident angles are multiplexed in the same direction and emitted. It is used to In this case, as the organic photonic crystal, the same one as described in the above optical element can be appropriately selected and used according to the purpose.

The shape of the first end face 71 of the optical multiplexer 70 is determined based on the drawing similar to FIG. That is, each incident light L incident on the first end face 71 at a different position.
_The angle between the tangential direction of each incident position on the first end face 71 and the tangential direction of the second end face 72 is determined so that _{1 to} L ₁₁ are combined with the output light L at the second end face 72. ing.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, a plurality of lights (for example, monochromatic laser lights) having the same wavelength but different incident angles are combined in the same direction at a high speed without increasing the size of the device itself and increasing the cost. It is possible to generate higher intensity light.

In the present embodiment, the two-dimensional triangular lattice array shown in FIG. 13 is used as an example of the organic photonic crystal, but the organic photonic crystal having the one-dimensional periodic structure and the three-dimensional periodic structure is used. Of course, it is also possible to use. Further, in the present embodiment, the case where a plurality of lights having the same wavelength with different incident angles are combined has been described.
In order to combine the respective incident lights of different wavelengths incident on the first end face at different positions in the same direction on the second end face,
It is also possible to determine the angle formed by the tangential direction of each incident position on the first end face and the tangential direction of the second end face. Even in this case, without causing an increase in size and cost of the element itself,
A plurality of lights having different wavelengths can be combined at high speed in the same direction. Further, such an optical multiplexing element, for example,
It can also be used as a wavelength mixer for wavelength division multiplexing communication.

[0142]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 As described below, a unit structure in which amphipathic rod-shaped organic molecules were erected on a substrate (plate-like body) with a space therebetween was used as a repeating unit in a laminated state. The resulting organic photonic crystal was prepared.

First, the amphipathic α as a rod-shaped organic molecule
-As a helix block copolypeptide, α-helix copolypeptide PLLZ ₂₅ -P (MLG ₄₂ /
LGA ₁₈ ) was prepared as follows. Using n-hexylamine as an initiator, N ^ε -carbobenzoxy L-lysine N ^α -carboxyanhydride (LLZ-N
CA), followed by polymerization of γ-methyl L-glutamate N-carboxylic acid anhydride (MLG-NCA), the polymerization degree of the PLLZ part is 200, PM
Block copolypeptide PLL with a degree of polymerization of LG of 60
The Z ₂₀₀ -PMLG ₆₀ was prepared. Then PMLG
The α-helix copolypeptide PLLZ ₂₅ -P (MLG ₄₂ / LGA ₁₈ ) was prepared by partially hydrolyzing the segment into L-glutamic acid (LGA). The α- helix copolypeptide PLLZ ₂₅ -
In _{P (MLG 42 / LGA 1 8} ), by reacting a halogenated alkyl thiols directly under weakly basic, poly L- lysine portion of the hydrophobic portion (PLL
The -SH group (thiol group) was bonded to the end of Z < ₂₅ > as the acting part to enable chemical bonding with the substrate.

By making the copolypeptide into a high-concentration solution, hydrogen bonding between hydrophilic parts, hydrophobic interaction between hydrophobic parts, and morphological self-alignment action due to rod-shaped molecules (thermodynamically stable (A self-assembly) etc., an average of 68 bundles were obtained to obtain amphiphilic rod-shaped organic molecules having a diameter of about 12 nm. Then, zirconia oxide as the high refractive index nanoparticles was further bonded to the bundle of rod-shaped organic molecules. The refractive index of the rod-shaped organic molecule was measured using a refractometer (Abbe refractometer manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) and found to be 1.5. The refractive index of the rod-shaped organic molecule formed by binding the high-refractive index nanoparticles was 4.5.

On the other hand, as the substrate (plate-like body), smectite (manufactured by Corp Chemical Co., Ltd., Lucenti)
te SWN, thickness = several nm) was used. On the both surfaces of the smectite, gold clusters as the working molecules were drawn at equal intervals by an electron beam. The gold as the acting molecule and the -SH group as the acting part can be strongly chemically bonded to each other.

Next, the rod-shaped organic molecules are placed on the water surface (on the water phase).
P of water (water phase)
Make H alkaline at about 12. Then, the α-helix structure of the hydrophilic portion of the rod-shaped organic molecule is released to form a random structure. At this time, the hydrophobic portion of the rod-shaped organic molecule maintains the α-helix structure. Next, the pH of the water (aqueous phase) is acidified to about 5. Then, the hydrophilic part in the rod-shaped organic molecule comes to have the α-helix structure again. At this time, when the pressing member brought into contact with the rod-shaped organic molecules is pushed by the pressure of air from the side surface of the rod-shaped organic molecules, the rod-shaped organic molecules are erected in the water (aqueous phase). As it is, the hydrophilic part is α-in the aqueous phase in a direction substantially orthogonal to the water surface.
It takes on a helix structure. Then, as described above, the rod-shaped organic molecules are erected on the substrate (plate-shaped body) by extruding the rod-shaped organic molecules onto the substrate (plate-shaped body) using an extruding member in the oriented state. A monolayer can be formed. This operation was performed using an LB film forming apparatus (NL-LB400NK-MWC, manufactured by Nippon Laser & Electronics Laboratory Co., Ltd.). Then, when the monomolecular film in which the rod-shaped organic molecules are erected on the substrate (plate-like body) is washed, only the portion where the gold cluster as the action molecule is drawn on the substrate (plate-like body) is washed. The PHeLG was erected.

A structure in which the rod-shaped organic molecules are erected at a predetermined interval on the substrate (plate-like body) is used as a unit structure of a repeating unit, and the unit structure is laminated in two layers to obtain the structure shown in FIG.
An organic photonic crystal having a two-dimensional triangular lattice array structure as shown in 3 was produced.

The monolayer made of the rod-shaped organic molecules had a thickness of 1.6 nm when calculated for each layer. In this organic photonic crystal, the distance between the rod-shaped organic molecules is 270 nm, and when light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nm is transmitted through the organic photonic crystal, the photonic band gap of the organic photonic crystal is Due to its presence, the light could not be transmitted.

The obtained organic photonic crystal was sandwiched between two clads to manufacture an optical device as shown in FIG. It was confirmed that the branching method of light can be switched by changing the wavelength of the light with which the optical element is irradiated. Further, using the obtained organic photonic crystal, the optical deflection element shown in FIG.
The scanning device shown in FIG. 20 was assembled using this optical deflection element. The scanning device is capable of performing a wide range scanning at a high speed by a slight angle change.

[0151]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By using an organic photonic crystal as a material of an optical device such as an optical element, an optical deflecting element, an optical multiplexing element, a scanning device, etc., it is possible to manufacture an environment-friendly, nano-order precision one at low cost. It is easy to control the dimension (diameter, length) and refractive index of the structure,
A high-performance optical element that is easy to add functions such as hydrophobicity,
Optical devices such as a light deflection element, a light combining element, and a scanning device can be obtained.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided an optical element capable of extracting the light in a desired direction by largely changing the traveling direction of the light of a specific wavelength without causing the element to be large in size and cost. Can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a light deflection element capable of deflecting light having different incident angles or wavelengths at different emission angles in a wide range without increasing the size and cost of the element. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical multiplexing element capable of multiplexing incident lights having different incident angles in the same direction without increasing the size of the element and increasing the cost.

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a scanning device capable of performing a wide range scanning at a high speed by a slight change in the incident angle or the wavelength without inviting an increase in the size and cost of the device.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the shape of an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing one structural example of an organic photonic crystal having a deep diffraction grating type one-dimensional periodic structure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing one structural example of an organic photonic crystal having an air gap type one-dimensional periodic structure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing one structural example of an organic photonic crystal having an air-bridge type one-dimensional periodic structure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view showing one structural example of an organic photonic crystal having a vertical hole type two-dimensional periodic structure.

FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory view showing one structural example of an organic photonic crystal having a columnar two-dimensional periodic structure.

FIG. 7 is a schematic explanatory view showing one structural example of an organic photonic crystal having an oblique hole type three-dimensional periodic structure.

FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view showing one structural example of an organic photonic crystal having a laminated type three-dimensional periodic structure of square pieces.

FIG. 9 is an amphipathic α-as a rod-shaped organic molecule.
It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows a helix polypeptide.

FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the formation of a monolayer by α-helix polypeptide.

FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing an example of a state in which an amphipathic α-helix polypeptide is oriented on water (aqueous phase).

FIG. 12 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a method of standing an amphipathic α-helix polypeptide on water (aqueous phase).

13 is a diagram showing an example of an organic photonic crystal used as a material of the optical device of FIG.

14 is a photonic band diagram in the case where light propagates in the organic photonic crystal of FIG. 13 parallel to the paper surface and the plane of polarization thereof is also parallel to the paper surface.

15 is a diagram in which the first Brillouin zone of the organic photonic crystal of FIG. 13 is sliced at a specific normalized frequency.

16 is a view for explaining a method of drawing a wave number vector of light propagating in the crystal and a propagation direction thereof based on the wave number vector of light incident on the first end face shown in FIG. 13; FIG.

17 is a diagram for explaining a method of drawing an angle φ formed by the first end face and the second end face shown in FIG. 13. FIG.

FIG. 18 is a plan view showing the shape of the optical deflecting element according to the first embodiment of the invention.

19 is a diagram for explaining the demultiplexing characteristic of light at the first end face shown in FIG.

20 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a scanning device using the light deflection element of FIG.

FIG. 21 is a plan view showing the shape of an optical deflection element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

22 is a diagram for explaining the demultiplexing characteristic of light on the first end face shown in FIG. 21. FIG.

23 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a scanning device using the light deflection element of FIG.

FIG. 24 is a plan view showing the shape of an optical deflection element according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a plan view showing the shape of an optical deflection element according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a plan view showing the shape of the optical multiplexing device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a plurality of amphipathic α-helix polypeptides standing on a substrate, and a plurality of unit structures having voids formed between adjacent α-helix polypeptides. It is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of an organic photonic crystal having a three-dimensional periodic structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 α-helix polypeptide 1a hydrophobic part 1b hydrophilic part 5 substrates 7 Extruded member 9 Working molecule 10 optical elements 11, 31, 41, 71 First end face 12, 32, 42, 72 Second end face 20 cylinders 21 Silicon substrate 30, 40, 50, 60 Light deflection element 51, 52, 61, 62 Normal medium 53,63 Organic Photonic Crystal 54, 64 First boundary surface 55, 65 Second boundary surface 70 Optical multiplexing device 80, 90 scanning device 81 resonant head 82 Monochromatic laser oscillator 91 Tunable laser oscillator

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) G02B 6/12 Z

Claims (33)

[Claims] 1. An optical device comprising an optical element made of an organic photonic crystal, the refractive index of which periodically changes depending on the position, wherein light of a specific wavelength is incident on the first end face at a constant incident angle. An optical device in which the angle formed by the first and second end faces is determined so that the light is emitted from the second end face in a desired direction. 2. An optical device comprising an optical element constituted by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on a position between a first and a second ordinary medium, the optical device comprising: Light whose angle formed by the first and second boundary surfaces is determined so that light of a specific wavelength that is incident on the first boundary surface at a constant incident angle is emitted from the second boundary surface in a desired direction. An optical device characterized by being an element. 3. The optical device according to claim 2, wherein the material of the normal medium is the same as any material forming the organic photonic crystal. 4. An optical device comprising an optical deflecting element made of an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on the position, wherein light of the same wavelength is incident on the first end face at different incident angles. An optical device which is a light deflection element in which the shape of the second end face is determined so that the light is emitted from the second end face in different directions. 5. An optical device comprising an optical deflecting element made of an organic photonic crystal having a refractive index which periodically changes depending on a position, wherein the light having different wavelengths is incident on the first end face at the same incident angle. An optical device which is a light deflection element in which the shape of the second end face is determined so that the light is emitted from the second end face in different directions. 6. An optical device comprising a light deflection element constituted by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on a position between a first and a second ordinary medium, A light deflection element in which the shape of the second boundary surface is determined so that lights of the same wavelength that are incident on the first boundary surface at different incident angles are emitted from the second boundary surface in different directions. An optical device characterized by. 7. An optical device comprising an optical deflecting element constituted by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on a position, between a first and a second ordinary medium, A light deflection element in which the shape of the second boundary surface is determined so that lights of different wavelengths that are incident on the first boundary surface at the same incident angle are emitted in different directions from the second boundary surface. An optical device characterized by. 8. The optical device according to claim 6, wherein the material of the normal medium is the same as any material forming the organic photonic crystal. 9. The propagation direction of incident light is separated according to an incident angle or a wavelength at the first end surface or the first boundary surface, and separated at the second end surface or the second boundary surface. 9. The optical device according to claim 4, wherein the respective emitted lights are emitted in different directions. 10. An optical device comprising an optical multiplexing element made of an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index periodically changes depending on the position, wherein a plurality of lights incident on the first end face at different incident angles are irradiated. An optical device, characterized in that it is an optical multiplexing element in which the shape of the first end face is determined so that the two end faces are multiplexed in the same direction. 11. An optical device comprising an optical multiplexing element, which is formed by interposing an organic photonic crystal whose refractive index changes periodically depending on a position between the first and second ordinary media, It is an optical multiplexing element in which the shape of the first boundary surface is determined so that a plurality of lights incident on the first boundary surface at different incident angles are combined in the same direction at the second boundary surface. Characterized optical device. 12. The optical device according to claim 11, wherein the material of the normal medium is the same as any material forming the organic photonic crystal. 13. The light deflection element according to claim 4, a light source that outputs light having a constant wavelength toward the light deflection element, and the light deflection element by vibrating the light deflection element. An optical device comprising: a resonance head that scans an object with light deflected by the scanning device. 14. The light deflecting element according to claim 5 or 7, and the object deflected by the light deflecting element is scanned by changing the wavelength of the light output toward the light deflecting element. An optical device comprising a light source and a scanning device. 15. The organic photonic crystal according to claim 1, wherein the organic photonic crystal has a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional periodic structure, and at least a part of the periodic structure is formed of an organic compound. The optical device described. 16. The optical device according to claim 15, wherein a photonic bandgap is present. 17. The optical device according to claim 15, wherein the organic compound is at least one selected from resin materials. 18. The optical device according to claim 15, wherein the organic compound is at least one selected from biodegradable materials. 19. The optical device according to claim 18, comprising a plurality of layers of sheet-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material, and at least having a one-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent layers. 20. The one-dimensional periodic structure according to claim 18, which has a plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are arranged in parallel, and has a one-dimensional periodic structure in which voids are formed between adjacent layers. Optical device. 21. At least a two-dimensional periodic structure in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are provided upright, and voids are formed between adjacent rod-shaped bodies.
The optical device according to. 22. A two-dimensional cycle in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are erected in a state of closely contacting each other, and a plurality of holes are formed in the same direction as the erected direction of the rod-shaped organic molecules. The optical device according to claim 18, which has at least a structure. 23. A plurality of layers in which rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are juxtaposed in the same direction so as not to contact each other, and a plurality of layers are arranged so that the lengthwise directions of the rod-shaped organic molecules in the layers are alternately orthogonal to each other. The optical device according to claim 18, which has at least a three-dimensional periodic structure formed by stacking layers. 24. At least a three-dimensional periodic structure comprising a plurality of layers in which rod-like organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are arranged in parallel in the same direction so as not to contact each other and a plurality of plate-like bodies are alternately laminated. Item 19. The optical device according to item 18. 25. A three-dimensional periodic structure having a plurality of unit structures in which a plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are erected on a plate-shaped body and voids are formed between adjacent rod-shaped bodies. The optical device according to claim 18, comprising at least. 26. A plurality of rod-shaped organic molecules made of a biodegradable material are erected on a plate in a state of closely contacting each other,
19. The optical device according to claim 18, which has at least a three-dimensional periodic structure having a plurality of unit structures in which a plurality of holes are formed in the same direction as the standing direction of the rod-shaped organic molecules. 27. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the sheet-shaped organic molecule is a β-sheet polypeptide. 28. The rod-shaped organic molecule is α-helix, D
The optical device according to any one of claims 20 to 26, which is at least one selected from NA and amylose. 29. The optical device according to claim 24, wherein the plate-shaped body is an inorganic layered compound. 30. The optical device according to claim 19, wherein the side chains of the sheet-like organic molecule are doped with high refractive index nanoparticles. 31. The high-index nanoparticles are doped in the side chains of rod-shaped organic molecules, and the side chains of the rod-shaped organic molecules are doped with high refractive index nanoparticles.
The optical device according to any one of 1. 32. The optical device according to claim 31, wherein the high refractive index nanoparticles have a refractive index of 2 or more. 33. The optical device according to any one of claims 20 to 26, 28 to 29 and 31 to 32, wherein the rod-shaped organic molecule is amphipathic.