JP2003194521A - Measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a measuring apparatus that can easily measure the accurate displacement amount of a construction material. <P>SOLUTION: This measuring apparatus measures the displacement amount of a steel column 10b when connecting the column 10b to an already existing steel column 10a. This apparatus is provided with a target 1 attached to the connected steel column 10b and a camera 3 which photographs the target 1 from the already existing steel column 10a side. This apparatus detectors a reference distance on an image photographed by means of the camera 3 and the displacement amount of the target 1 on the image, and calculates the displacement amount of the connected column 10b based on the reference distance and the displacement amount of the target 1 detected on the image. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a measuring device used for erection work of building materials in construction work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an apparatus used for erection work of building materials in construction work, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-147 has been proposed.
896, JP 8-120941, JP 8-321148, and JP 11-337335.
As described in Japanese Patent Publication, a laser oscillator is installed in the lower part, a light receiver is attached to a steel frame pillar connected above, and a laser beam is emitted from the laser oscillator toward the light receiver when connecting the steel frame pillar. There is known a device that detects the amount of displacement of a steel column based on the receiving position of laser light in a light receiver.

However, these devices require a light receiver to be attached to the steel column to which they are connected. Further, since a cable or the like is connected to the light receiver, it is not easy to move or attach the light receiver.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-94 discloses a measuring device used for erection work of construction materials in construction work.
As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 115, CC is added to an existing construction material.
Attach a D camera, attach a target with a pinhole to another building material connected to that building material, and CCD
There is known a method in which an image taken by a camera is displayed on a monitor and the position of a building material is measured while observing a pinhole image displayed on the monitor.

With this measuring device, it is only necessary to attach the target to the building material to be connected, and therefore the measuring operation becomes easy.

[0006]

However, the above-described measuring device has a problem that a complicated measuring operation is required in order to accurately measure the displacement amount of the building material to be connected. For example, in order to accurately measure the amount of displacement of the building material with this measuring device, the target is accurately attached to the existing building material, and the CCD camera is accurately attached to the building material to be connected, and the CCD It is necessary to know the exact distance between the camera and the target. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully install the CCD camera and the target, and the installation work is not easy. Further, since it is necessary to attach and detach both the target and the CCD camera for each connecting work of the building material performed in sequence, the attaching and detaching work is troublesome. Further, as the measurement work, it is necessary to perform predetermined zooming of the CCD camera, which makes the measurement operation complicated.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a measuring device capable of easily measuring an accurate displacement amount of a building material.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the measuring device according to the present invention is connected in a measuring device for measuring the amount of displacement of a construction material to be connected when another construction material is connected to an existing construction material. A target that is attached to a building material and has at least two reference points on the surface, and the distance between the reference points is set as the reference distance; a photographing means that photographs the target from the existing building material side; The reference distance on the image captured by the means and the displacement amount of the target on the image are detected, and the connection is performed based on the reference distance on the image, the displacement amount of the target on the image, and the actual reference distance set on the target. And a calculation means for calculating the displacement amount of the building material.

Further, in the measuring apparatus according to the present invention, the target has a plurality of marks, the marks are used as reference points, and the distance between the marks is set as the reference distance. The target has a mark of a predetermined shape, a plurality of reference points are set on the mark, and the distance between the reference points is set as the reference distance. In addition, a reference point is set on the outer edge of the target, and the distance between the reference points is set as the reference distance.

Further, in the measuring device according to the present invention, it is desirable that the photographing means is not attached to the existing construction material but is directly installed on the ground or indirectly installed on the ground through another object.

According to these inventions, the reference distance on the photographed image and the displacement amount of the target on the image are detected, and the reference distance on the image and the actual reference distance on the target are compared to obtain the image on the image. It is possible to judge to what extent the displacement amount of the target in the actual corresponds to the displacement amount. Therefore, the displacement amount of the building material can be accurately and easily measured only by detecting the reference distance on the captured image and the displacement amount of the target on the image.

Further, since the displacement amount of the building material can be measured by detecting the reference distance on the image and the displacement amount of the target on the image, the measurement can be performed without performing the zooming operation of the photographing means. Therefore, the displacement amount of the building material can be measured quickly and easily.

If the reference distance on the photographed image and the displacement amount of the target on the image can be detected,
It is possible to measure the amount of displacement of the building material regardless of the distance between the target and the imaging means. Therefore, since the mounting height of the target does not matter, the target can be easily installed.

Also, with the photographing means installed on the ground,
When building materials are sequentially connected, the measurement can be performed simply by detaching the target, and the measurement is easy. Further, in this case, since it is not necessary to move the photographing means, the accumulated error does not occur and the measurement accuracy is high.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements will be denoted by the same reference symbols, without redundant description.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the measuring device according to the embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment has a displacement of the steel column 10b to be connected during the erection work in which the steel columns 10b, which are construction materials, are continuously connected in the vertical direction. It is a device that measures the quantity. The amount of displacement here means the amount of deviation with respect to the installation position where the steel column 10b is to be installed.

The target 1 is attached to the steel column 10b to be connected. The target 1 has a plurality of marks 2 arranged at a predetermined distance. The mark 2 is arranged so that it can be seen from below when the target 1 is attached to the steel frame column 10b. For example, the target 1 is formed in a box shape, and the mark 2 is arranged on the bottom surface thereof.

A camera 3 is installed in the vicinity of an existing steel frame column 10a which is erected on the ground. The camera 3 functions as a photographing means for photographing the target 1 from the side of the existing steel frame pillar 10a, and for example, a CCD camera is used. The camera 3 is installed on the ground via the vertical unit 4. The vertical device 4 is a device that adjusts the shooting direction of the camera 3 to the vertical direction. The camera 3 is preferably arranged at a position directly below the target 1 attached to the steel frame pillar 10b when the steel frame pillar 10b is arranged at a position to be connected. In this case, since the camera 3 takes an image centering on the position where the target 1 should be placed when connecting the steel column 10b, the steel column 10b is taken through the image taking.
It becomes easy to measure the displacement amount of.

The camera 3 is connected to an image input device 6 and a computer 7 for image processing through a cable 5. The image input device 6 inputs an image signal output from the camera 3 and performs A / D (analog to digital) conversion.
The computer 7 functions as a calculation unit that calculates the displacement amount of the steel frame column 10b based on the A / D converted image information. This computer 7 is a monitor 7 that displays an image.
a is provided so that an image taken by the camera 3 can be displayed.

In FIG. 1, the image input device 6 and the computer 7 for image processing are formed separately, but they may be integrated. A notebook computer may be used as the computer 7. Further, the image transmission may be performed wirelessly without using the cable 5 for connecting the camera 3 and the image input device 6. Further, it is desirable that the computer 7 is installed or built in an operation room such as a complaint for lifting the steel column 10b.

FIG. 2 shows a bottom view of the target.

As shown in FIG. 2, the bottom surface 1 of the target 1
The a is formed in a square shape, and the marks 2 are arranged near the corners of the bottom surface 1a thereof. The mark 2 functions as a reference point when measuring the amount of displacement, and the distance between the marks 2 and 2 that are diagonally located with respect to each other is set as a reference distance d. The reference distance d is a reference distance when measuring the amount of displacement of the steel column. Here, “the reference distance is set” means that the reference distance on the target 1 is a known distance.

Further, it is desirable to set the center position p1 of the mark 2 as a reference point and set the distance from the center position p1 of one mark 2 to the center position p1 of the other mark 2 as the reference distance d. The mark 2 may be formed such that the reference distance d between the marks 2 and 2 is constant in advance. However, the mark 2 may be formed arbitrarily and the distance between the marks 2 and 2 may be measured after the formation to set the reference distance d. .

The mark 2 may be any mark whose presence can be confirmed when the target 1 is photographed by the camera 3,
For example, a pinhole obtained by cutting out the bottom surface of the target 1 is used. Further, as the mark 2, a light emitting body such as an LED may be used. Also, the bottom surface 1a of the target 1
Is preferably colored in black or the like so that the mark 2 can be clearly recognized.

Next, a method of using the measuring apparatus according to this embodiment and its operation will be described.

In FIG. 1, a camera 3 is installed near the existing steel frame pillar 10a. The camera 3 is installed via a vertical device 4 placed on the ground. As a result, the shooting direction of the camera 3 is adjusted to the vertical direction.

On the other hand, the target 1 is attached to the steel column 10b to be connected to the upper portion of the steel column 10a. At this time, it is desirable to attach the target 1 so that the center position of the photographing range of the camera 3 comes to the center position of the target 1.

Then, the steel column 10b to be connected is hoisted by using a erection machine such as a crane and moved to the connecting position above the steel column 10a. Then, the steel column 10b is temporarily fastened to the steel column 10a. At that time, the camera 3 is operated to photograph the target 1 attached to the steel column 10b.

The image captured by the camera 3 is input as an image signal to the image input device 6 through the cable 5.
In the image input device 6, the image taken by the camera 3 is A / D converted into a digital image. The digitized captured image is input to the computer 7.

The computer 7 monitors the photographed image on the monitor 7a.
And the imaged image is processed and the displacement amount of the steel column 10b is calculated based on the image information.

As shown in FIG. 3, an image of the target 1 attached to the steel column 10b is displayed on the monitor 7a. This photographed image is binarized by the computer 7, and the mark 2 is extracted. That is, each pixel forming the captured image is binarized with a predetermined brightness as a threshold, and the outline of the mark 2 on the target 1 becomes clear. Then, the barycentric position p1 of each mark 2 is detected from the binarized image.

The distance between the barycentric positions p1 and p1 of the marks 2 and 2 located diagonally is detected as the reference distance d1 on the screen. Further, the intersection position of the diagonal lines between the marks 2 and 2 is detected as the target center position p2. Further, the distance between the target center position p2 and the display center position O is detected as the target displacement amount x1 on the screen. Here, the target displacement amount means the amount of deviation with respect to the position of the target 1 when the steel column 10b is installed at the installation position where it should be installed.

Then, the displacement amount x of the steel column 10b is calculated based on the reference distance d1 on the screen, the target displacement amount x1 and the reference distance d of the actual target 1.
This calculation is performed using, for example, the following equation (1).

X = (x1 · d) / d1 (1)

The computer 7 records the change with time of the displacement amount x and displays it on the monitor 7a. Then, based on the calculated displacement amount x of the steel column 10b, the position of the steel column 10b is corrected by a crane operation or the like, and then the steel column 10b is connected to the steel column 10a by final fastening or welding.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the case of connecting the steel frame pillar 10c above the steel frame pillar 10b will be described. The camera 3 is used as it is when the steel frame pillar 10b is connected and is not moved. The target 1 is attached to the steel column 10c in the same manner as when connecting the steel column 10b described above.

Then, the steel column 10c to be connected is hoisted by using a erection machine such as a crane and moved to the connecting position above the steel column 10b. Then, the steel column 10c is temporarily fastened to the steel column 10b. At that time, the camera 3 is operated to photograph the target 1 attached to the steel column 10c.

The image captured by the camera 3 is input as an image signal to the image input device 6 through the cable 5 and is
It is converted into a digital image by / D conversion, and then input to the computer 7.

The computer 7 monitors the photographed image on the monitor 7a.
And the imaged image is processed, and the displacement amount of the steel column 10b is calculated based on the image information.

As shown in FIG. 5, the target 1 is displayed on the monitor 7a, but the distance between the camera 3 and the target 1 becomes longer, unlike when the steel column 10b is connected (see FIG. 3). The target 1 will be displayed small.

At this time, the target 1 may be enlarged and displayed on the monitor 7a by zooming the photographing optical system of the camera 3 or by image processing. However, even in the display state of FIG. Can be measured.

That is, the mark 2 is extracted from this photographed image by binarization processing, the barycentric position p1 of each extracted mark 2 is detected, and the barycentric positions p1 and p1 of the marks 2 and 2 located diagonally are detected. The distance between them is detected as the reference distance d1 on the screen. Further, the intersection position of the diagonal lines between the marks 2 and 2 is detected as the target center position p2, and the distance between the target center position p2 and the display center position O is detected as the target displacement amount x1 on the screen. Then, the displacement amount x of the steel column 10c is calculated based on the reference distance d1 on the screen, the target displacement amount x1, and the reference distance d of the actual target 1. This calculation may be performed using, for example, the formula (1). The computer 7 records the change over time in the displacement amount x and displays it on the monitor 7a.

Based on the calculated displacement amount x of the steel column 10c, the position of the steel column 10c is corrected by a crane operation or the like, and then the steel column 1 is finally tightened or welded.
0c is connected to the steel column 10b. By repeating such connecting work, the erection work of the steel column 10 is continuously performed up to a predetermined height.

As described above, according to the measuring apparatus of this embodiment, the reference distance d1 on the photographed image and the displacement amount x1 of the target 1 on the image are detected, and the reference distance d1 and the target 1 on the image are detected. By comparing the above actual reference distance d, it is possible to determine how much the displacement amount x1 of the target 1 on the image actually corresponds to. Therefore, by detecting the reference distance d1 on the captured image and the displacement amount x1 of the target 1 on the image, the steel column 10 is detected.
The amounts of displacement of b and 10c can be measured accurately and easily.

Further, since the displacement amount of the steel column can be measured by detecting the reference distance d1 on the image and the displacement amount x1 of the target 1 on the image, the measurement can be performed without performing the zooming operation of the camera 3. Therefore, the displacement amount of the steel column can be measured quickly and easily.

The reference distance d on the photographed image
1 and the displacement amount x1 of the target 1 on the image can be detected, the displacement amount of the steel frame column can be measured regardless of the distance between the target 1 and the camera 3. Therefore, since the mounting height of the target 1 does not matter, the target 1 can be easily installed.

With the camera 3 installed on the ground,
When the steel columns are sequentially connected, the measurement can be performed simply by detaching the target 1, and the measurement is easy. Furthermore,
In this case, since it is not necessary to move the camera 3, the measurement accuracy is high without causing an accumulated error.

Further, since the displacement amount of the steel frame column is constantly measured, it is not necessary to interrupt the erection work, and the work efficiency can be improved. Moreover, since the measurement of the displacement amount of the steel frame column can be automated, an artificial error does not occur. Moreover, labor saving can be achieved. Furthermore, since work at high places by workers is reduced,
Work can be done safely.

In this embodiment, the target 1 has the plurality of marks 2 and the measuring device having the marks 2 and 2 as the reference distance is described. However, the measuring device according to the present invention has such a structure. It is not limited to things. The measuring device may include a target having a mark having a predetermined shape and having a plurality of reference points set on the mark and the reference points being set as reference distances.

For example, as shown in FIG.
Then, one circular mark 2 is formed, and the diameter of the mark 2 is set as the reference distance d. Such a target 1
Even with a measuring device provided with, like the above-described measuring device, the displacement amount of the steel frame column can be accurately and easily measured. In this case, the radius of the mark 2 may be the reference distance d. Further, the target 1 may be one in which a large mark is arranged in the center and a small mark 2 is arranged around it, as shown in FIG. 7, as long as a fixed reference distance can be set. As shown in FIG. 8, the target 1 may have three marks 2 at the corners. Further, it may have two marks 2. Further, the target 1 may have a reference point set on the edge of the outer shape thereof, and the distance between the reference points may be set as the reference distance. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the corners of the target 1 located diagonally are set as reference points,
The diagonal distance between those corners may be set as the reference distance d. Even in this case, the displacement amount x of the building material can be accurately and easily measured as described above.

Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the steel frame columns are connected has been described. However, the measuring device according to the present invention is not limited to such a structure, and a construction material other than the steel frame columns is used. It can also be applied when connecting.

[0053]

As described above, according to the present invention, the reference distance on the captured image and the displacement amount of the target on the image are detected, and the reference distance on the image and the actual reference distance on the target are compared. By doing so, it is possible to determine how much the displacement amount of the target on the image actually corresponds to. Therefore, the displacement amount of the building material can be accurately and easily measured by detecting the reference distance on the captured image and the displacement amount of the target on the image.

Further, since the displacement amount of the building material can be measured by detecting the reference distance on the image and the displacement amount of the target on the image, the measurement can be performed without performing the zooming operation of the photographing means. Therefore, the displacement amount of the building material can be measured quickly and easily.

If the reference distance on the photographed image and the displacement amount of the target on the image can be detected,
It is possible to measure the amount of displacement of the building material regardless of the distance between the target and the imaging means. Therefore, since the mounting height of the target does not matter, the target can be easily installed.

Also, with the photographing means installed on the ground,
When building materials are sequentially connected, the measurement can be performed simply by detaching the target, and the measurement is easy. Further, in this case, since it is not necessary to move the photographing means, the accumulated error does not occur and the measurement accuracy is high.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a target in the measuring device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a method of use and an operation in the measuring device of FIG.

4A and 4B are explanatory diagrams of a method of use and an operation in the measuring apparatus of FIG.

5 is an explanatory diagram of a method of use and an operation in the measuring apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the target in the measuring apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the target in the measuring device according to the embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the target in the measuring device according to the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example of the target in the measurement device according to the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Target, 2 ... Mark, 3 ... Camera (imaging means), 4 ... Vertical device, 5 ... Cable, 6 ... Image input device,
Reference numeral 7 ... Computer (calculating means), 10a ... Steel column (existing construction material), 10b ... Steel column (construction material to be connected).

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A measuring device for measuring an amount of displacement of a construction material to be connected when another construction material is connected to an existing construction material, the measurement device being attached to the construction material to be connected and having at least two on the surface. A target that has reference points and a distance between the reference points is set as a reference distance, an image capturing unit that captures the target from the existing construction material side, and a reference on an image captured by the image capturing unit. Detecting the distance and the amount of displacement of the target on the image,
A reference distance on the image, a displacement amount of the target on the image, and a calculation unit for calculating the displacement amount of the building material to be connected based on the reference distance set on the target. Measuring device. 2. The target has a plurality of marks, the marks are used as the reference points, and a distance between the marks is set as the reference distance. The measuring device described. 3. The target has a mark having a predetermined shape, a plurality of the reference points are set on the mark, and a distance between the reference points is set as the reference distance. The measuring device according to claim 1. 4. The measurement according to claim 1, wherein the target has the reference points set on an outer edge of the target, and a distance between the reference points is set as the reference distance. apparatus. 5. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the photographing means is installed on the ground.