JP2003193862A - Atomization nozzle for one high pressure fluid for increased output of gas turbine, atomization nozzle system, and gas turbine power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To atomize a large amount of water into minute spray and spray sufficiently minute water spray in an air stream in an atomization nozzle for one high pressure fluid for increased output of a gas turbine. <P>SOLUTION: Minute water spray 14 is obtained by colliding a pressurized high pressure water jet 13 against an inclined face 53 of a target 8 formed into a mirror finish surface. At this time, a plurality of small holes 4 for jetting the water jet 13 and targets 8 are provided in one atomization nozzle 100 for one high pressure fluid so that a large amount of water from one atomization nozzle 100 for one high pressure fluid can be changed into minute water spray. Moreover, since the target 8 is radially provided from a central axis of a nozzle main body, minute water spray 14 does not collide against anything on the downstream side of the target 8 and can ride on an air stream while they are minute, even if water is atomized toward the downstream side in the air stream due to intake of a compressor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gas turbine for spraying a large amount of fine water droplets for the purpose of increasing intake density by lowering intake temperature of a compressor of a gas turbine power generation system and increasing power generation output. The present invention relates to a high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing output, a spray nozzle system, and a gas turbine power generation system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a combined cycle power generation system using a gas turbine has been widely adopted from the viewpoint of total thermal efficiency. However, the power generation system using such a gas turbine is characterized in that the output decreases as the intake air temperature rises during high temperatures such as summer. In order to cope with such an influence due to the rise of the intake air temperature, fine water droplets are sprayed on the intake air on the upstream side of the compressor, the rise of the intake air temperature is suppressed by the heat of vaporization thereof, and the mass flow rate is further increased to obtain an increased output. The method has been adopted.

At present, a large amount of water is atomized by a one-fluid spray nozzle that uses a simple substance of water (droplet diameter: Sauter average about 20 μm).
m) or less), a two-fluid spray nozzle using air extracted from the compressor is used.

Further, there are the following proposals in the literature for recovering and improving the output in summer.

First, as one using a one-fluid (water alone) spray nozzle, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 9-303160 and 8
Japanese Patent No. 284685 discloses a configuration in which a single-fluid water single spray nozzle for spraying water at the discharge pressure of a water pump is installed in an intake chamber upstream of a compressor. In addition, JP-A-11
Japanese Patent Publication No. 93692 describes a system in which an air cooler using a heat exchanger and a one-fluid spray nozzle are used in combination.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 10-238365 employs a one-fluid spray nozzle having a mist blowing structure that utilizes the flow of air to achieve atomization of atomized water droplets and prevent erosion from occurring on blades in a compressor. The configuration is described.

In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-236024, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-13486, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-72029 disclose the use of a two-fluid (water-air) spray nozzle for intake air upstream of a compressor. There is described a configuration in which a two-fluid spray nozzle for atomizing and spraying water with a discharge pressure of a water pump and air at the outlet of a compressor is installed in a room.

Further, as a spray nozzle other than for increasing the output of a gas turbine, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 9-94487 discloses a single-fluid spray nozzle for indoor / outdoor space production or for indoor / outdoor cooling / humidification, which requires only one hole. It describes a structure in which a small amount of high-pressure water is ejected and collides with a flat inclined surface to be atomized.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to suppress a decrease in gas turbine output due to a rise in intake air temperature in summer, a spray nozzle is used to spray fine water droplets on the intake air on the upstream side of the compressor, and the heat of vaporization thereof There are the following problems when increasing the output by increasing the mass flow rate while suppressing the rise in intake air temperature and increasing the effectiveness.

Problem 1: Minimize system loss. Reason: The purpose of using the spray nozzle is to prevent a decrease in turbine output in summer and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid system loss as much as possible by using the spray nozzle.

Problem 2: To atomize as much water as possible into minute water droplets. Reason: Nozzles are installed in a limited space inside the air chamber located at the inlet of the compressor. Therefore, installing a large number of small spray nozzles not only increases cost, but also creates resistance to the air flow and air inflow to the compressor. This may lead to a decrease in quantity.

Problem 3: To achieve a Sauter mean diameter of 20 μm or less for the sprayed water droplets. Reason: If the water droplet diameter is large, it does not ride well on the air flow entering the compressor, and if large water droplets enter the compressor as they are, it causes erosion on the blades of the compressor. In addition, the evaporation in the compressor is delayed and the effect of latent heat of vaporization is reduced,
The contribution to the improvement of thermal efficiency is reduced. Here, the Sauter mean particle size is a general index representing the particle size of sprayed water measured by the laser measurement method, and is usually used as a water drop size.

Problem 4: To be able to control the spray water droplet amount corresponding to the gas turbine operation mode according to the load demand. Reason: In gas turbine partial load operation, it may cause misfire. Therefore, it is necessary to control the amount of water droplets sprayed from the nozzle so as to prevent water droplets from being sprayed more than necessary.

First, a two-fluid atomizing nozzle currently used for increasing the output of a gas turbine and JP-A-9-236024.
JP-A-11-13486, JP-A-11-
The above problem 1 cannot be achieved by the two-fluid spray nozzle described in Japanese Patent No. 72029.

That is, in the two-fluid spray nozzle, for example,
When spraying 42 liters of water per hour per unit, the amount of air used is 350 NL / min. The amount of water sprayed into the air chamber upstream of the compressor is about 1% by weight ratio of spray water and intake air. Therefore, although the amount of water sprayed from the nozzles depends on the capacity of the gas turbine, a considerably large amount of water is required, and a large number of nozzles are used to spray all at once. For example, in a 100-megawatt gas turbine power generation system, when using a two-fluid spray nozzle with an amount of sprayed water of 42 liters per hour, about 200 nozzles are required and the amount of air used is 70 Nm ³ / min. The loss caused by extracting the air used at this time from the compressor corresponds to about 2% of the output, which is a large output loss of about 2 MW in terms of electrical output.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 9-303160 and 8
No. 2,284,685 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-93692 disclose a one-fluid spray nozzle, but there is no disclosure of a specific nozzle structure or partial load operation. Therefore, the above problems 2 to 4 cannot be achieved.

The one-fluid spray nozzle described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-238365 cannot achieve the above-mentioned problems 2 to 4. That is, it is difficult to realize a large amount of fine water droplet spray with the one-fluid spray nozzle having the mist blowing structure described in JP-A-10-238365, and the size of the water droplet is reduced to 20 μm or less in average Sauter diameter. It is also difficult, and there is no description about partial load operation.

The one-fluid spray nozzle described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-84487 is not for increasing the power output of the gas turbine. Even if this nozzle is applied to increase the output of a gas turbine power generation system, the number of nozzles required for installation will increase due to the small amount of spray per unit, which will increase the equipment cost and increase the compressor cost. The above problem 2 cannot be solved because a problem such as a decrease in the air inflow amount occurs.

When the nozzle is used in the intake air flow of the compressor at a wind speed of about 5 m / s in the air chamber, the air flow causes a supporting member (J-shaped bend) located downstream of the collision surface. The water droplets hit the pins) and combine with each other, and many water droplets having an average Sauter diameter of more than 20 μm are formed. That is, as a result, the above-mentioned problem 3 cannot be solved.

Further, the one-fluid spray nozzle described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-84487 is not for increasing the power output of the gas turbine, but for the entire water droplets sprayed into the air chamber in order to prevent misfire during partial load operation of the gas turbine power generation system. It does not describe how to appropriately control the amount, and cannot solve the above-mentioned problem 4.

A first object of the present invention is to reduce the system loss of a gas turbine power generation system, to atomize a large amount of water into fine water droplets, and to spray sufficiently fine water droplets even in an air flow. An object is to provide a high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing output, a spray nozzle system, and a gas turbine power generation system.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a spray nozzle system capable of controlling the spray water droplet amount corresponding to the gas turbine operation mode according to the load demand.

[0023]

(1) In order to achieve the above first object, the present invention is provided with a compressor for compressing and discharging air, and the air and fuel discharged from the compressor. Installed in a gas turbine power generation system including a combustor that performs combustion by means of a combustion gas, a turbine driven by combustion gas of the combustor, and a generator driven by the turbine,
In a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing power of a gas turbine, which sprays fine water droplets at the inlet of the compressor to lower the intake temperature of the compressor and increase the intake density, a nozzle body for ejecting a plurality of water jets; A plurality of targets radially fixed to the main body, each of the plurality of targets having an inclined surface at the tip, and the plurality of water jets collide with each of these inclined surfaces to atomize the spray water droplets. And

By adopting the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle in this manner, the extraction of air from the compressor is not required, so that the system loss can be extremely reduced as compared with the high-pressure two-fluid spray nozzle.

By providing a plurality of targets in one nozzle body, the total amount of water can be increased,
Large amounts of water can be atomized into fine water droplets.

Further, by radially fixing the target to the nozzle body, the scattered water droplets sprayed in the air stream can be carried on the air stream as they are, and sufficiently fine water droplets can be sprayed even in the air stream.

(2) In order to achieve the above first object, the present invention is a compressor for compressing and discharging air, and a combustion for supplying air and fuel discharged from the compressor for combustion. Installed in a gas turbine power generation system including a compressor, a turbine driven by the combustion gas of the combustor, and a generator driven by the turbine, and spraying fine water droplets at the inlet of the compressor, A high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing power output of a gas turbine for lowering intake air temperature and increasing intake air density, comprising: a nozzle body for ejecting a plurality of water jets; and a plurality of targets radially fixed to the nozzle body, The plurality of targets each have an inclined surface at the tip, and the plurality of water jets are made to collide with these inclined surfaces to atomize the sprayed water droplets. Wall provided in the upstream portion of the plurality of targets of the nozzle body, and that forms a vacuum region between the target and the wall.

Thus, as described in (1) above, the system loss of the gas turbine power generation system can be reduced, a large amount of water can be atomized into fine water droplets, and sufficiently fine water droplets can be sprayed even in the air flow. it can. In addition, by providing a wall on the nozzle main body on the upstream side of the target and forming a decompression region between the target and the wall, the spray width at each target is expanded and collisions between fine water droplets are avoided and pressure oscillation is induced. This makes it possible to further reduce the size of water droplets.

(3) In the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the power output of the gas turbine of (1) or (2), preferably, the tip ends of the inclined surfaces provided on each of the plurality of targets are arcuate. It is assumed that each of the processed water jets collides with the center of the arc of the tip of the inclined surface.

As a result, the distance from the impinging point of the water jet on the inclined surface to the tearing of the water film becomes uniform, and the water can be made uniform and fine.

(4) In the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the power output of the gas turbine of (3), preferably, the inclined surface of each of the plurality of targets is 0.3.
It is assumed that a low-pressure water of about 0.5 MPa is made to collide and a position where a water film similar to a ∝ type is formed at this time is set as a water flow collision position on the inclined surface.

As a result, the water jet can accurately strike the center of the circular arc of the inclined surface, and the water can be uniformly atomized.

(5) In the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the power output of the gas turbine according to any one of the above (1) to (4), preferably, the inclined surfaces provided on each of the plurality of targets are mirror-finished. It is a flat surface, a concave curvature surface, or a convex curvature surface.

As a result, the spray angles of the fine water droplets on the individual target inclined surfaces as viewed in the jet direction of the water jet are larger on the concave curvature surface and smaller on the convex curvature surface with reference to the flat surface. The spray pattern can be adjusted arbitrarily.

(6) In the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to any one of the above (1) to (5), preferably, a detachable orifice plate is provided on the nozzle body, and the orifice plate is provided on this orifice plate. The plurality of water jets are ejected from the plurality of small holes, and the plurality of targets are radially provided on a substrate detachably attached to the nozzle body, and the orifice plate and the target substrate are replaced. Thus, the spray flow rate can be changed by changing the number of holes, the diameter of the orifice plate and the number of the plurality of targets.

This makes it possible to easily adjust the spray flow rate in the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle.

(7) In the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of the gas turbine according to any one of the above (1) to (5), preferably, the plurality of targets are provided on a substrate detachably attached to the nozzle body. It is assumed to be provided radially, and by changing the substrate, the angle of the inclined surface of the target is changed to change the spray angle of the minute water droplets.

As a result, it is possible to selectively change the spraying angle of the entire nozzle when viewed in the jet direction of the water jet and the spraying angle and the scattering distance of the fine water droplets on the individual target tilted surfaces when viewed in the tilting direction of the target tilted surface. The pattern can be adjusted arbitrarily.

(8) In order to achieve the above second object, the present invention provides a compressor for compressing and discharging air, and a combustor for supplying and burning the air and fuel discharged from the compressor. And a turbine driven by the combustion gas of the combustor, and a generator driven by the turbine, which is installed in a gas turbine power generation system. In a spray nozzle system for lowering temperature and increasing intake density, a plurality of high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzles are installed separately in a plurality of systems, a valve is installed in each of the plurality of systems, and the valve is opened and closed. The amount of water is switched and the amount of spray can be adjusted at a predetermined rate.

As described above, a valve is installed in each of the plurality of systems, the switching of the water amount is performed by opening and closing the valve, and the spray amount can be adjusted at a predetermined rate to meet the load demand. It is possible to control the spray water droplet amount corresponding to the gas turbine operation mode.

(9) Further, in order to achieve the first object, in the spray nozzle system according to (8), each of the plurality of high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzles ejects a plurality of water jets. And a plurality of targets radially fixed to the nozzle body, each of the plurality of targets has an inclined surface at the tip end, and the plurality of water jets are made to collide with these inclined surfaces to form spray water droplets. It should be miniaturized.

As a result, as described in (1) above, the system loss of the gas turbine power generation system can be reduced, a large amount of water can be atomized into fine water droplets, and sufficiently fine water droplets can be sprayed even in the air flow. it can.

(10) Further, in order to achieve the first object, the present invention comprises a compressor for compressing and discharging air,
A combustor in which the air and fuel discharged from the compressor are supplied to perform combustion, a turbine driven by combustion gas of the combustor, and a generator driven by the turbine,
A plurality of gas turbine power generation high pressure one-fluid spray nozzles for spraying fine water droplets to the inlet of the compressor to lower the intake temperature of the compressor and increase the intake density, Each of the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzles for increasing turbine output includes a nozzle body that ejects a plurality of water jets, and a plurality of targets that are radially fixed to the nozzle body. It has a surface, and atomizes the water droplets by colliding the plurality of water jets with these inclined surfaces.

As a result, as described in (1) above, the system loss of the gas turbine power generation system is reduced, a large amount of water is atomized into fine water droplets with respect to the intake air of the compressor, and it is sufficient even in the air flow. Fine water droplets can be sprayed, and as a result, the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine can be increased, and the reduction in gas turbine output due to the rise in intake air temperature in summer can be suppressed.

[0045]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an axial sectional view of a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 for increasing power output of a gas turbine according to the present embodiment is provided with a flange 1 to which a pipe (not shown) is connected, a filter 2 for preventing inflow of dust, a body 3, and high-pressure water. A cap 7 having an orifice plate 5 provided with four small holes 4 for ejecting 10 and a hole 6 sandwiched between the orifice plate 5 and the body 3 and having the same pitch as the small holes 4 of the orifice plate 5. And 4 at the position matching the small hole 4 of the orifice plate 5.
Target member 51 in which one target 8 is integrally provided
And a bolt 9 for fixing the target member 51 to the cap 7.

The flange 1 is screwed to the body 3 with a threaded portion 1a and has an axial passage 1b formed therein. High-pressure water 10 is supplied to the screw portion 1b from a pipe (not shown), and the high-pressure water 10 flows into the body 3 through the filter 2.

Inside the body 3, a large number of communication holes 11 arranged in an annular shape, through which the high-pressure water 10 can flow, and an annular groove 12 communicating with these communication holes 11 on the downstream side of the communication holes 11 are formed. .

The orifice plate 5 can be replaced with the body 3 by removing the cap 7, and the small hole 4 is replaced with the body 3.
The annular groove 12 is opened.

The cap 7 is screwed to the outer periphery of the body 3 by the screw portion 7a, the hole 6 is provided slightly larger than the small hole 4 of the orifice plate 5, and the water jet 13 ejected from the small hole 4 of the orifice plate 5 contacts. It is a structure that does not.

The target member 51 has a substrate 54 as shown in FIG. 2. A hole 54a is formed in the center of the substrate 54, and a bolt 9 is inserted into the hole 54a to project the central protruding end of the cap 7. It is coaxially fixed to the portion 7b. The four targets 8 are radially provided integrally on the outer periphery of the substrate 54.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view and side view of the tip of the target 8 shown by the X part in FIG.
At the tip of, the inclination angle D ° with respect to the high-pressure water ejection direction 52
An inclined surface 53 forming (50 ° in this embodiment) is provided. The inclined surface 53 is flat and mirror-finished.
The tip of the inclined surface 53 is formed in a semicircular shape.

Here, the flange 1, the body 3 and the cap 7 constitute a nozzle body for ejecting a plurality of water jets.

Next, the high pressure one-fluid atomizing nozzle 10 for increasing the power output of the gas turbine according to the present embodiment configured as described above.
The operation of 0 will be described. In FIG. 1, the high-pressure water 10 flowing into the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 passes through a large number of communication holes 11 and annular grooves 12 provided in the flange 1, the filter 2, and the body 3, and then passes through the small holes 4 of the orifice plate 5. Is discharged as a filamentous water jet 13 to the outside of the cap 7 at a high pressure of, for example, about 7 to 10 MPa. The filamentous water jet 13 ejected from the small hole 4 of the orifice plate 5 collides with the inclined surface 53 of the tip of the front target 8 to form fine water droplets 14 which are sprayed in the direction indicated by the arrow 15. The state of collision of the water jet 13 and the scattering of water droplets at this time will be described with reference to FIG. The target 8 shown here is one of the plurality (four) of the targets 8 of the target member 51, and the state in which the water jet 13 collides with the inclined surface 53 is enlarged to the front and It is shown from the side.

In FIG. 4, the jetted water jet 13
Collides with the center of the tip semicircular shape having a radius R0 of the flat and mirror-finished inclined surface 53 having a width W0, flows as a water film 16 along the inclination direction, and leaves the inclined surface 53 and at the same time the water film. 16 torn and scattered, spray water droplet diameter is about 20 μm
The following fine water droplets 14 are formed and sprayed. At this time,
As shown in (1), there is no obstacle such as a support member downstream from the target 8, and the sprayed fine water droplets 14 diffuse finely without colliding with the obstacle.

In the present embodiment configured as described above, since it is a one-fluid spray nozzle, bleeding from the compressor (corresponding to about 2% of power generation output loss) like a two-fluid spray nozzle is unnecessary. , It will reduce the system loss of the gas turbine power generation system and enable more efficient operation. For example, when the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle is used in a 100-megawatt gas turbine power generation system, the output loss is only about 25 kilowatts of power used by the high-pressure pump. This is about 1. when using a high pressure two-fluid spray nozzle that requires bleed from the compressor (about 2 MW).
25% and 0.025% as the power generation output loss, which is 2% when the conventional high pressure two-fluid spray nozzle is used.
Very small compared to%.

Further, one high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100
In addition, a plurality of targets 8 are radially arranged (in the present embodiment, 4).
(3) Since it is provided, a large amount of fine water droplets can be obtained with one nozzle. As a result, the number of nozzles installed can be reduced, the system cost can be reduced, and resistance loss to the air flow, that is, intake pressure loss can be reduced even if the compressor is arranged in the flow of the air taken in by the compressor of the gas turbine. it can.

Further, since the target 8 is provided radially from the central axis of the nozzle body, there is no obstacle on the downstream side of the target 8 on which the splashed water droplets 14 hit, and it is possible to ride the air stream in a fine state. Therefore, erosion on the blades of the compressor can be avoided, the evaporation in the compressor is accelerated, the effect of latent heat of vaporization is increased, and the contribution to the improvement of thermal efficiency is increased.

Next, a method of determining whether or not the collision position of the water jet 13 is correct, the surface shape of the inclined surface 53 of the target 8 with which the water jet 13 collides, the angle of the inclined surface 53, and the number of targets 8 will be considered.

The most important condition for obtaining the fine water droplets 14 is the collision position of the water jet 13, and it is most desirable to collide with the center of the semicircle of the inclined surface 53 at the tip of the target 8. As a method of determining whether the collision position is correct, there is a method of colliding low-pressure water of about 0.3 to 0.5 MPa instead of high-pressure water. FIG. 5 shows 0.3 to 0.5M
It is a figure which shows the shape of 16 A of water films formed when the low-pressure water of about Pa is made to collide with an appropriate position. As shown in FIG. 5, a water film 16 formed when low-pressure water collides
If the shape of A becomes a so-called proportional symbol ∝ shape, the water jet 13 collides with the correct position, that is, the center of the semicircle, and a fine water droplet can be obtained. On the contrary, when the water film 16A does not form such a shape, the water jet 13 does not collide with the correct position, and the water droplets having a large particle size are mixed with the flying water droplets.

The surface shape of the inclined surface 53 at the tip of the target 8 is not limited to the flat surface as shown in FIG. 3, but may be a concave curvature surface 53A (curvature R1) as shown in FIG. There is a convex curvature surface 53B (curvature R2) as shown.
With reference to the case where the inclined surface is a flat surface, in the case of the concave curvature surface 53A, the spray angle C ° of the fine water droplets 14 on each target inclined surface 53 viewed in the jet direction of the water jet 13 (FIGS. 1 and 4). The reference value is larger than that, and is smaller than that in the case of the convex curvature surface 53B.

The inclination angle D ° of the inclined surface 53 at the tip of the target 8 is set to 50 ° as described above in this embodiment.
In this case, the spray angle A ° (see FIG. 1) of the entire nozzle when viewed in the jet direction 15 of the water jet 13 is formed in a wide range of about 100 °, and as a result, the water droplet density is made uniform over a relatively short distance. You can This allows
Depending on the actual gas turbine power generation system, the distance from the nozzle installation position to the compressor inlet may be relatively short, so that the density of water droplets may remain before the density of sprayed water droplets becomes uniform. When the airflow flows into the compressor, the evaporation position of water droplets in the compressor moves and stable output characteristics may not be obtained, which may impair operation control.However, such a problem can be solved. .

The inclination angle D ° of the inclined surface 53 can be changed appropriately. By changing the tilt angle D °,
The spray angle A ° of the entire nozzle, the spray angle B ° of the fine water droplets 14 on the individual target inclined surfaces 53 viewed in the inclination direction of the target inclined surface 53 (see FIGS. 1 and 4), and the fine water droplets 1
The scattering distance L2 of 4 (described later) can be changed. When the tilt angle D ° is reduced, the spray angle A ° of the entire nozzle and the target spray angle B ° are reduced, and the scattering distance L
2 becomes longer. FIG. 8 is a spray pattern when the inclination angles D ° of the target inclined surfaces 53 are the same in the configuration of this embodiment in which four targets 8 and four small holes 4 are provided, and FIG. 9 shows each target. It is a spray pattern when the inclination angle D ° of the inclined surface 53 is different between the two pairs. As shown in FIG. 8, when all the target tilt angles D ° are the same, the spray ranges from the respective targets 8 are the same, but as shown in FIG. 9, the target tilt angles D ° are the same.
When is changed to a small value, the spray range from the target 8 is narrowed and scattered to a long distance.

Further, the number of targets 8 provided on the target member 51 and the number of small holes 4 of the orifice plate 5 provided in the same number as those can be appropriately changed. FIG. 10 shows a target member 51A in which eight targets 8 are provided on the outer periphery of the substrate 54A. In this case, an orifice plate provided with eight small holes 4 is used accordingly. Figure 1
1 shows a spray pattern when the inclination angles D ° of the target inclined surfaces 53 are the same, and FIG. 12 shows a spray pattern when the inclination angles D ° of the target inclined surfaces 53 are different in four pairs. Indicates. As in the case of the four-leg target member 51, when the target inclination angles D ° are the same as in FIG. 11, the spray ranges from the respective targets 8 are the same, but as shown in FIG. D
When the angle is changed to a small value, the spray range from the target 8 becomes narrow and the spray is scattered far.

As described above, various spray patterns can be obtained by changing the inclination angle D ° of the target inclined surface 53 and the number of targets 8. Therefore,
When installed in an actual gas turbine, the nozzle can be designed in consideration of installation conditions such as the size of the air chamber in which the nozzle is installed.

When the number of small holes 4 or the hole diameter is changed, the cap 7 is removed and the orifice plate 5 is replaced from the body 3. When the number or shape of the targets 8 is changed, the bolt 9 is used. Since the target member 51 of the central protruding end portion 7b of the cap 7 may be replaced by removing the above, the above-mentioned spray pattern and spray water amount can be easily changed.

A high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, those parts that are the same as those corresponding parts in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 13, a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100A for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to the second embodiment of the present invention has a cap 7A, and the cap 7A has a water droplet spray area side where a hole 6 is opened. And target 8
An inclined wall 17 (hereinafter, simply referred to as a "shiba") is formed on the upstream side of the.

With such a structure, fine water droplets 1
The air flow 18 induced by the spray of No. 4 is obstructed by the Hisashi 17 so that it is difficult to enter the central area 19, and as a result, the decompression region 19 is decompressed. Since the sprayed fine water droplets 14 are sucked in the direction of the arrow 20 toward the depressurized area 19 due to such a depressurized area 19, the target spray width 21 (equivalent to the above target spray angle C °) is obtained. It becomes wider, and therefore, it is possible to prevent the particle size of the water droplets from increasing due to the collision of the fine water droplets 14. Further, in the depressurization region 19, pressure vibration is generated due to intermittent inflow of air, so that further miniaturization of water droplets is promoted by this pressure vibration. Here, the protruding length of the tip of the hispanic 17 is set to a distance L so that the fine water droplets 14 sprayed in the target spray width 21 do not come into contact with the tip of the hispanic 17 due to the pressure reducing effect. It should be noted that it is also possible to form a wall orthogonal to the central axis without forming the knee 17 made of an inclined wall as shown in FIG. 13, and in this case as well, although the effect is slightly reduced, the pressure reducing effect on the upstream side periphery of the target 8 Can occur.

FIG. 14 is a view showing a spraying condition from the high pressure one-fluid spraying nozzle 100 of the first embodiment, and FIG.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a spraying situation from a high-pressure one-fluid spraying nozzle 100A of the second embodiment. As can be seen by comparing these drawings, in the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 of the first embodiment in which the depressurized region 19 does not occur, the jetting kinetic energy of the spray water droplets 14 is large and the overall nozzle spray width W is wide. In addition, the scattering distance L2 of the water droplet 14 also becomes longer. On the other hand, in the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100A of the second embodiment in which the depressurized region 19 is generated, the sprayed water droplets 14 become the depressurized region 1
Since the spraying kinetic energy of the sprayed water droplets 14 is reduced by being sucked into the nozzle 9, the spray width W of the entire nozzle is narrowed and the scattering distance L2 of the water droplets 14 is also shortened. However, since the pressure reducing effect acts, the particle size of the sprayed water droplets 14 becomes small.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the first
In the same manner as in the above embodiment, the total amount of water is increased and the water droplets 1
4 can be placed in the air flow while remaining fine, and the depressurization region 19 is forcibly created on the downstream side of the cap 7A by forming the heap 17 so that the target spray width 21 is widened and the space between the fine water droplets 14 is increased. It is possible to avoid the collision of the water droplets and to induce the pressure vibration, so that the water droplets 14 can be further miniaturized.

Next, an embodiment of the gas turbine power generation system in which the above-mentioned high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of the gas turbine is installed will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

FIG. 16 is a side sectional view of a gas turbine power generation system including a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 16, a gas turbine power generation system 300 includes a compressor 22 for compressing intake air 39, a combustor 23 for injecting fuel into the compressed air for combustion, and a turbine 24 which rotates by the energy of the combustion gas. When,
A generator 25 driven by the rotation of the turbine 24 to generate electricity, an air chamber 29 installed at the inlet of the compressor 22, and a spray nozzle system 200 installed at the inlet of the air chamber 29 are provided. ing.

The combustor 23 is provided with a burner 27 for combustion. The generator 25 is connected to a power transmission end 26 that transmits electricity via substation equipment.

Inside the air chamber 29, a louver 30 for adjusting the amount of intake air, a silencer 31 for silencing, a header 33 to which the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 of the spray nozzle system 200 is connected, and a trash for removing scattered materials. A screen 71 is stored. In addition, the compressor 22,
The turbine 24 and the generator 25 are connected by the same shaft. In addition, the compressor 22 and the turbine 24 may be connected to each other by gears or the like as separate shafts.

The details of the spray nozzle system 200 are shown in FIG.
Will be described. In FIG. 17, the spray nozzle system 200 includes a water tank 34 for storing water to be sprayed, a high pressure pump 35 connected to the water tank 34, and a high pressure pump 3.
5, a main valve 36 connected to the discharge port of 5, a filter 37 connected to the discharge port of the main valve 36, a supply pipe 61 connected to the outlet of the filter 37, and 10 systems connected to the supply pipe 61, respectively. Nozzle device 62 of.

The nozzle device 62 is provided with a system opening / closing valve 38 connected to the supply pipe 61, and the above-described high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 and the header 33 connected to the outlet side of each system opening / closing valve 38. Eleven high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzles 100 are attached to the header 33.

When operating the gas turbine power generation system 300 of the present embodiment configured as described above, first,
In the initial state, it is rotated by a motor (not shown) which is a separate facility, fuel is supplied from a fuel supply system (not shown) to the combustor 23, and the combustion burner 27 ignites and burns. When the steady state is reached, the motor, which is another facility, is disconnected and combustion is continued to maintain the steady operating state. The exhaust gas 28 from the turbine 24 is reused by flowing it into a boiler of a steam turbine or is discharged by an exhaust gas treatment device.
x, SOx, etc. are removed and released into the atmosphere.

The intake air 39 passing through the air chamber 29 and sucked into the compressor 22 is a fine water droplet 14 sprayed from the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 of the spray nozzle system 200.
Of the sprayed intake air 40 having an increased density and flowing into the compressor 22. At this time, the temperature of the intake air 39 is lowered and, at the same time, the weight flow rate of the fluid flowing into the compressor 22 is increased.

Next, the action of water droplets contained in the intake air 39 and flowing into the compressor 22 will be described. The water droplets flowing into the compressor 22 increase the weight flow rate of the working fluid and are vaporized in the compressor 22. This working fluid undergoes further adiabatic compression once vaporization is complete. At that time, the constant pressure specific heat of the steam is
In the vicinity of the typical temperature inside (about 300 ℃), about 2
In terms of heat capacity, this is equivalent to the fact that about twice the weight of water droplets vaporized as air is increased as working fluid.
The power of the compressor 22 is equal to the enthalpy difference of the working fluid at the inlet and outlet of the compressor 22, and the enthalpy of the working fluid is proportional to the temperature. Therefore, when the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the compressor 22 decreases, the required power of the compressor 22 also increases. It can be reduced accordingly. Therefore, it is important to improve the efficiency to keep the temperature at the outlet of the compressor 22 low by making the particle size of the water droplets flowing into the compressor 22 as small as possible and vaporizing it early. High-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 1 according to the present invention described above
00 is effective because it can achieve a spray water droplet diameter of about 20 μm or less.

The working fluid pressurized by the compressor 22 is heated in the combustor 23 due to the combustion of the fuel and then flows into the turbine 24 to be expanded and work. This work is called the shaft output of the turbine 24 and is equal to the enthalpy difference of the inlet and outlet working fluid of the turbine 24.

The injection amount of fuel is controlled so that the gas temperature at the inlet of the turbine 24 does not exceed a predetermined temperature. For example, the amount of fuel to the combustor 23 is controlled so that the temperature of the working fluid at the inlet and outlet of the turbine 24 becomes equal to the value before the installation of the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 of the present invention. When such combustion temperature constant control is performed, the amount of fuel input increases as much as the temperature of the outlet of the compressor 22 is lowered by the sprayed water droplets as described above.

If the combustion temperature is unchanged and the weight ratio of the inflowing water droplets is about several percent of the sprayed intake air 40,
Since the pressure at the inlet of the turbine 24 and the outlet pressure of the compressor 22 do not change approximately with and without water droplet injection, the turbine 24
The outlet temperature T4 also does not change. Therefore, the shaft output of the turbine 24 does not change depending on the presence or absence of water droplet injection.

On the other hand, since the net output of the turbine 24 is the output of the turbine 24 minus the power of the compressor 22, the power of the compressor 22 is eventually sprayed by the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 of the present invention. Can reduce the net output of the turbine 24.

Here, the temperature of the sprayed intake air 40 is set to T1,
The temperature of the outlet of the compressor 22 is T2, and the temperature of the combustor 23 is T
3, the turbine 2 outlet temperature is T4, the turbine 2
The electric output E of No. 4 is the shaft output Cp (T3-
It is obtained by subtracting the work Cp (T2-T1) of the compressor 22 from T4), and is approximately represented by the following equation. E = (T3-T4)-(T2-T1) (1) Normally, the combustion temperature T3 is operated so as to be constant, so that the outlet temperature T2 of the compressor 22 becomes T due to the injection of water droplets.
When it is decreased to 2 ', the increased output Cp (T2-T2') equivalent to the decrease in the work of the compressor 22 is obtained.

On the other hand, the efficiency η of the gas turbine power generation system 300 is approximately given by the following equation. η = 1- (T4-T1) / (T3-T2) (2) From this, since T2 ′ <T2, the second term on the right side becomes smaller, so that the efficiency is improved by water droplet injection.

Therefore, according to the gas turbine power generation system 300 of the present embodiment, the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100
Since a large number of fine water droplets can be sprayed onto the intake air 39 of the compressor 22 by the spray nozzle system 200 including a plurality of the above, it is possible to suppress a decrease in gas turbine output due to an increase in intake air temperature in summer. As a result, it is possible to avoid a decrease in output due to a rise in intake air temperature in the summer of the gas turbine power generation system, which enables highly efficient operation regardless of the season.

Since the rate of temperature decrease in the compressor 22 increases as the number of injected water drops increases, the rate of increase in output can be controlled by controlling the spray amount of air / water.

Next, a description will be given of how the spray nozzle system 200 is used during partial load operation of the gas turbine.
The gas turbine power generation system 300 performs a partial load operation for adjusting the amount of generated electric power, but in that case, the spray water droplet amount also needs to be adjusted according to the partial load operation. In the spray nozzle system 200 of the present embodiment, the amount of water supplied by driving the high-pressure pump 35 is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of fully opened system opening / closing valves 38 of the 10 systems.
It is possible to increase / decrease the total amount of spray water every 10% according to the power generation load.

Therefore, according to the spray nozzle system 200 of the present embodiment, it is possible to control the spray water droplet amount corresponding to the gas turbine operation mode according to the load demand.

In this embodiment, the nozzle devices 62 of 10 systems are provided so that the partial load operation can be dealt with by 10% each, but the number of spray systems is not limited to this.

Further, for example, when performing 50% partial load operation, the water droplet distribution in the air chamber 29 can be made uniform by operating every other nozzle device. It is also possible to control the water droplet distribution in the air chamber 29 by considering the arrangement of the nozzle device 62 that operates in this way.

Further, in the present embodiment, the high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is installed in each nozzle device 62, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the high pressure one-fluid according to the second embodiment is provided. The spray nozzle 100A may be installed.

[0095]

According to the present invention, since the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle is adopted, it is not necessary to extract the air from the compressor, so that the system loss is extremely reduced as compared with the high-pressure two-fluid spray nozzle. You can Moreover, since a plurality of targets are provided in one nozzle body, the total amount of water can be increased, and a large amount of water can be atomized into fine water droplets. Further, since the target is radially fixed to the nozzle body, the scattered water droplets sprayed in the air stream can be carried on the air stream as they are, and sufficiently fine water droplets can be sprayed even in the air stream.

Further, according to the present invention, a valve is installed in each of a plurality of systems, and switching control of the water amount is performed by opening and closing the valve, so that the spray amount can be adjusted at a predetermined rate. It is possible to control the spray water droplet amount corresponding to the gas turbine operation mode according to the above.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view and a side view of a target member in which four targets are provided on the outer circumference.

FIG. 3 is a front view and a side view of a target in which an inclined surface is a flat surface.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a water droplet generation state when a water jet collides with a target.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state of water film formation when low-pressure water collides with a target.

FIG. 6 is a front view and a side view of a target in which an inclined surface is a concave curvature surface.

FIG. 7 is a front view and a side view of a target in which an inclined surface is a convex curvature surface.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a spray distribution by a high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle provided with four targets and having the same tilt angle of each tilted surface.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a spray distribution by a high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle in which four targets are provided and the tilt angles of the respective tilted surfaces are different in two pairs.

FIG. 10 is a front view and a side view of a target member in which eight targets are provided on the outer circumference.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a spray distribution by a high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle provided with eight targets and having the same tilt angle of each tilted surface.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a spray distribution by a high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle in which eight targets are provided and the tilt angle of each tilt surface is made different by four pairs.

FIG. 13 is an axial sectional view of a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a spray situation from the high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a spray state from a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a side sectional view of a gas turbine power generation system including a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a front view of a spray nozzle system with a high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Flange 2 Filter 3 Body 4 Small Hole 5 Orifice Plate 6 Hole 7, 7A Cap 8 Target 9 Bolt 10 High Pressure Water 11 Communication Hole 12 Annular Groove 13 Water Jet 14 Fine Water Drop 16, 16A Water Film 17 Hisashi 18 Air Flow 19 Decompression Area ( (Central area) 21 Target spray width 22 Compressor 23 Combustor 24 Turbine 25 Generator 29 Air chamber 33 Header 34 Water tank 35 High pressure pump 36 Main valve 37 Filter 38 System opening / closing valve 39 Intake 40 Sprayed intake 51, 51A Target member 53, 53A, 53B Inclined surface 54, 54A Substrate 61 Supply pipe 62 Nozzle device 100 Gas turbine power increase high pressure 1 of the first embodiment Fluid spray nozzle 100A Gas turbine power increase high pressure 1 of the second embodiment Fluid spray nozzle 200 Spray nozzle system 300 Gas Turbine power generation system D inclination angle A nozzle entire spray angle B target spray angle C target spray angles W nozzle entire spray width L2 dispersion distance

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Hidetoshi Karasawa             2-12-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture             Ceremony Company Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Eitaro Murata             3-1-1 Sachimachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Stock Association             Hitachi, Ltd., Thermal Power & Hydro Power Division

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A compressor for compressing and discharging air, a combustor for supplying air and fuel discharged from the compressor for combustion, and a turbine driven by combustion gas of the combustor, Installed in a gas turbine power generation system including a generator driven by a turbine, fine water droplets are sprayed at the inlet of the compressor to lower the intake temperature of the compressor and increase the intake density. The fluid spray nozzle includes a nozzle body that ejects a plurality of water jets, and a plurality of targets that are radially fixed to the nozzle body, and each of the plurality of targets has an inclined surface at a tip end thereof, A high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing power output of a gas turbine, characterized in that the plurality of water jets are made to collide with a surface to atomize spray water droplets. 2. A compressor that compresses and discharges air, a combustor that is supplied with air and fuel that is discharged from the compressor and burns, a turbine that is driven by combustion gas of the combustor, and Installed in a gas turbine power generation system including a generator driven by a turbine, fine water droplets are sprayed at the inlet of the compressor to lower the intake temperature of the compressor and increase the intake density. The fluid spray nozzle includes a nozzle body that ejects a plurality of water jets, and a plurality of targets that are radially fixed to the nozzle body, and each of the plurality of targets has an inclined surface at a tip end thereof, The plurality of water jets are made to collide with the surface to atomize the atomized water droplets, and further, the nozzle body is positioned on the upstream side of the plurality of targets. A high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine, characterized in that a wall is provided at a portion where a pressure reduction region is formed between the target and the wall. 3. The high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tip end of the inclined surface provided on each of the plurality of targets is processed into an arc shape, respectively. A high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine, characterized in that each of the water jets is made to collide with the center of the arc of the tip of the inclined surface. 4. The high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to claim 3, wherein low pressure water of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa is made to collide with the inclined surface for each of the plurality of targets. A high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine, characterized in that a position at which a water film similar to a ∝ type is formed is set as a water flow collision position on the inclined surface. 5. The high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the inclined surface provided on each of the plurality of targets is a mirror-finished flat surface or a concave surface. A high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine, which is either a curved surface or a convex curvature surface. 6. The high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein a detachable orifice plate is provided in the nozzle body, and a plurality of small holes are provided in the orifice plate. While ejecting the plurality of water jets from the nozzle body, the plurality of targets are provided radially on a substrate detachably provided on the nozzle body, and the orifice plate and the target substrate are replaced to replace the orifice. A high pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine, wherein the spray flow rate is changed by changing the number of holes in the plate, the diameter and the number of the plurality of targets. 7. The high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of targets are radially provided on a substrate detachably provided on the nozzle body. A high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzle for increasing the output of a gas turbine, wherein the angle of the inclined surface of the target is changed by changing the substrate to change the spray angle of minute water droplets. 8. A compressor for compressing and discharging air, a combustor for supplying and burning air and fuel discharged from the compressor, a turbine driven by combustion gas of the combustor, and the turbine. A spray nozzle system installed in a gas turbine power generation system that includes a driven power generator, sprays fine water droplets at the inlet of the compressor, lowers the intake temperature of the compressor, and increases the intake density. It has a plurality of high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzles installed, and a valve is installed in each of the above-mentioned multiple systems, and switching control of the water amount is performed by opening and closing this valve, and the spray amount can be adjusted at predetermined ratios. A spray nozzle system characterized in that 9. The spray nozzle system according to claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzles ejects a plurality of water jets, and a plurality of targets radially fixed to the nozzle body. The spray nozzle system, wherein each of the plurality of targets has an inclined surface at a tip thereof, and the plurality of water jets are made to collide with each of the inclined surfaces to atomize the spray water droplets. 10. A compressor for compressing and discharging air, a combustor to which the air and fuel discharged from the compressor are supplied for combustion, a turbine driven by combustion gas of the combustor, and A gas equipped with a generator driven by a turbine, and a plurality of high pressure one-fluid spray nozzles for increasing the power output of a gas turbine, which spray fine water droplets at the inlet of the compressor to lower the intake temperature of the compressor and increase the intake density. In the turbine power generation system, each of the plurality of high-pressure one-fluid spray nozzles for increasing gas turbine output includes a nozzle body that ejects a plurality of water jets, and a plurality of targets radially fixed to the nozzle body, Each of the plurality of targets has an inclined surface at the tip, and the plurality of water jets are made to collide with each of these inclined surfaces to atomize the atomized water droplets. Gas turbine power generation system characterized by.