JP2003187844A - Evaporation unit and its control method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evaporation unit which can start in a short time and prevent the dropping of water, while reducing the generation of carbon monoxide. <P>SOLUTION: This unit and method provides the evaporator 100 comprises a first material supply means 1 for supplying a first raw material including fuel for combustion, an igniting means 2 for starting combustion of the fuel for combustion supplied by the first raw material supply means 1, and a second raw material supply means 20 for supplying a second raw material to a combustion space 6 for the fuel for combustion via a heat exchanger part 5 for heat- exchanging with combustion heat of the fuel for combustion, or a control method of the evaporator 100 by which the ratio of the second raw material/the first raw material is controlled to increase as the supplied amount of the entire raw materials is increased, or a control method of the evaporator 100, by which the amount of the second raw material is more abundantly supplied to the upper side of the heat exchanging part 5 than to the lower side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vaporizer and a control method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a vehicle using a fuel cell that uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity by a reverse reaction of electrolysis has been attracting attention as a clean vehicle that emits only water. However, a hydrogen cylinder or a hydrogen storage alloy device is required to mount hydrogen in an automobile, and these are large in volume and weight and are not suitable for in-vehicle use such as automobiles.

Therefore, an automobile using a fuel cell that uses a hydrocarbon fuel such as propane, natural gas, or gasoline, or an alcohol fuel such as methanol as a fuel is considered to be the most promising and clean automobile. This fuel cell emits less than carbon dioxide, and its carbon dioxide emission is similar to that of an electric vehicle when the carbon dioxide emitted when electricity is produced at a power plant is taken into consideration.
It is also a measure against global warming.

In this fuel cell, fuel and water are evaporated in a vaporizer, and a reformed gas obtained by reforming a gas containing hydrogen as a main component by a catalyst (for example, a Cu--Zn catalyst) is used for power generation. . Efficient evaporation of fuel and water is important for improving the efficiency of this fuel cell. Especially for in-vehicle applications such as automobiles, it is necessary to make the vaporizer as small and lightweight as possible and to vaporize a large amount of fuel. Further, since the fuel and water vaporized by the vaporizer are the fuel of the fuel cell, it is extremely important to shorten the starting time of the vaporizer in order to shorten the starting time of the fuel cell. Particularly in the case of an automobile or the like, it is essential to shorten the starting time, so it is extremely important to shorten the starting time of the carburetor. As a conventional technique, there is known a vaporizer in which fuel and water are sprayed to ignite the fuel, a part of the fuel is burned, and the combustion heat is used to evaporate the unburned fuel and water.

[0005]

However, in the prior art, there is a difference in the vaporization temperature of fuel and water (usually, the fuel has a lower boiling point and is more likely to evaporate than water), so that the fuel and water are evenly vaporized. It is difficult to do so, and there is a problem that the water does not evaporate and drops. Combustion evaporation is performed in the vaporizer,
When all the raw materials are evaporated, the temperature of the gas vaporized in the vaporizer is adjusted so that the temperature of the gas is appropriate for the equipment that uses the gas. Since the decrease in the gas temperature due to the decrease in the temperature is reduced, a gas having a higher temperature than necessary is introduced into an apparatus that uses the gas evaporated in the vaporizer, which may cause a problem in the apparatus. Further, since the temperature inside the vaporizer becomes high, there is a problem that a part of the fuel to be evaporated is thermally decomposed and a large amount of carbon monoxide is generated. Further, when this device is a reforming device, there is a problem that the catalyst layer deteriorates because the reformed catalyst layer is charged with a gas that has been vaporized in the vaporizer and has a temperature higher than necessary.

The present invention solves the above problems, and provides a vaporizer capable of preventing water dripping and reducing the generation of carbon monoxide.

[0007]

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical means taken in claim 1 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the first technical means) uses combustion fuel. A first raw material supply means for supplying a first raw material containing the first raw material;
Secondly, a second space is provided in a combustion space of the combustion fuel through an ignition means for starting combustion of the combustion fuel supplied by the raw material supply means and a heat exchange section for exchanging heat with combustion heat of the combustion fuel.
A vaporizer characterized in that a second raw material supply means for supplying a raw material is provided.

The effects of the first technical means are as follows.

That is, since the first raw material is mainly combusted and the second raw material is heated by the heat of combustion in the heat exchange section, the combustion in the combustion space is maintained in a state close to perfect combustion and the optimum temperature is maintained. Since it is stable, it is possible to prevent water dripping and reduce the generation of carbon monoxide.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the technical means taken in claim 2 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the second technical means) is provided from the periphery of the first raw material supply means. The carburetor according to claim 1, wherein combustion air for supporting combustion fuel is supplied.

The effects of the second technical means are as follows.

That is, since the combustion air is supplied from the periphery of the first raw material supply means, the first raw material can be sprayed in the shape of a cone and the combustion air can be supplied from the periphery of the first raw material. The air can be evenly supplied to the air and stable combustion can be achieved. In particular, if all of the combustion air is supplied from the periphery of the first raw material supply means, sufficient air for burning the combustion fuel component in the first raw material can be uniformly supplied to the first raw material. Since the use fuel can be completely burned, more stable combustion can be performed and the generation of carbon monoxide can be reduced.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the technical means taken in claim 3 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the third technical means) is such that the raw material discharge port of the second raw material supply means is The carburetor according to claim 1, wherein the carburetor is provided in the latter half of the combustion space of the combustion fuel in the combustion flame flow direction.

The effects of the third technical means are as follows.

That is, since the raw material discharge port of the second raw material supply means is provided in the latter half of the combustion space in the combustion flame flow direction, the second raw material is sufficiently heated by the combustion heat of the first fuel and then burned. Since the liquid is supplied to the space, it is possible to more effectively prevent water dripping and reduce the generation of carbon monoxide.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical means taken in claim 4 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the fourth technical means) is such that the heat exchange section causes the combustion fuel to be used. Is provided in the outer periphery of an intermediate wall portion extending in the combustion flame flow direction provided in the combustion space, and the second raw material is provided with a flow path through which the second raw material flows in the combustion flame flow direction. The vaporizer according to claim 1.

The effects of the fourth technical means are as follows.

That is, since the heat exchanging portion is provided on the outer periphery of the intermediate wall portion extending in the combustion flame flow direction, the heat of the combustion space can be efficiently transmitted to the exchanging portion, and the liquid of water can be more effectively used. It is possible to prevent dripping and reduce the generation of carbon monoxide. Further, since it is possible to reduce the transfer of the heat of the combustion space to the carburetor mantle part, it is possible to prevent the mantle part from reaching a high temperature and improve the energy efficiency of the carburetor.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical means taken in claim 5 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the fifth technical means) is such that the cross section of the flow path is the intermediate wall. The vaporizer according to claim 4, wherein the flow path is partitioned by a partition plate that is provided so as to surround the portion and that extends in the combustion flame flow direction.

The effects of the fifth technical means are as follows.

That is, since the flow path through which the second raw material flows is provided so as to surround the intermediate wall portion, the intermediate wall portion can be entirely used as the heat transfer surface, so that the evaporation efficiency can be improved. Further, since the heat transfer to the outer jacket can be further reduced, it is possible to effectively prevent the outer jacket from becoming hot. Further, since the mantle is not directly exposed to the combustion flame, the durability can be improved. Since the flow passage is partitioned by the partition plate, the second raw material supplied to the flow passage can be prevented from falling downward due to gravity, and the second raw material can flow in the direction of the fuel flame flow, so that the combustion space Heat can be efficiently applied to the second raw material. Thereby, the evaporation efficiency can be improved.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical means taken in claim 6 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the sixth technical means) is provided with holes in the partition plate. The vaporizer according to claim 5, wherein

The effects of the sixth technical means are as follows.

That is, since the partition plate is provided with holes, the second raw material gradually moves to another flow path through the partition plate, so that the second raw material can be efficiently heated.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical means taken in claim 7 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the seventh technical means) is such that the heat exchanging portion is the first raw material. The carburetor according to claim 1, wherein the carburetor is a tubular member that is located on the inner peripheral side of the combustion space in the combustion flame flow direction and extends in the combustion flame flow direction.

The effects of the seventh technical means are as follows.

That is, since the heat exchange section is a tubular member extending in the combustion flame flow direction, the heat of the combustion space can be efficiently transmitted to the exchange section, and the water can be more effectively discharged. It is possible to prevent dripping and reduce the generation of carbon monoxide. Further, since it is possible to reduce the transfer of the heat of the combustion space to the carburetor mantle part, it is possible to prevent the mantle part from reaching a high temperature and improve the energy efficiency of the carburetor.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical means taken in claim 8 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the eighth technical means) is such that the combustion space has the combustion flame flow direction. It is provided so that it may become substantially horizontal, and the upper side flow path cross-sectional area of the said heat exchange part is larger than the lower side flow path cross-sectional area of this heat exchange part. It is a vaporizer.

The effects of the eighth technical means are as follows.

That is, since the cross-sectional area of the upper side channel of the heat exchange section is larger than the cross-sectional area of the lower side channel of the heat exchange section, it is possible to flow more second raw material into the upper side channel than the lower side channel. Therefore, it is possible to prevent overheating on the upper side and insufficient heating on the lower side of the heat exchange section. As a result, the second raw material can be efficiently heated, water dripping can be more effectively prevented, the generation of carbon monoxide can be reduced, and the energy efficiency of the vaporizer can be improved.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical means taken in claim 9 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the ninth technical means) is such that the combustion space has the combustion flame flow direction. The carburetor according to claim 7, wherein the carburetor is provided so as to be substantially horizontal, and the heat transfer area on the lower side of the heat exchange section is larger than the heat transfer area on the upper side of the heat exchange section.

The effects of the ninth technical means are as follows.

That is, since the lower side heat transfer area of the heat exchange section is larger than the upper side heat transfer area, the second side of the lower side of the heat exchange section is
The raw material is heated more and the insufficient heating of the lower side is eliminated, and the heat in the combustion space moves from the upper side to the lower side, so that overheating of the upper side of the heat exchange section can be prevented. As a result, the second raw material can be efficiently heated, water dripping can be more effectively prevented, the generation of carbon monoxide can be reduced, and the energy efficiency of the vaporizer can be improved.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical means taken in claim 10 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the tenth
The technical means of. ) Is a vaporizer control method using the vaporizer according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
A method for controlling a vaporizer, characterized in that the ratio of the second raw material / the first raw material is controlled to increase as the input amount of all the raw materials input from the first raw material supply means and the second raw material supply means increases. Is.

The effects of the tenth technical means are as follows.

That is, in proportion to the input amount of all raw materials, the first
Since the rate of increase in the temperature of the combustion space increases when the raw material is added, the raw material can be effectively evaporated by increasing the ratio of the second raw material / the first raw material, and the energy efficiency of the carburetor can be improved and more effective. It is possible to prevent water dripping and reduce the generation of carbon monoxide.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical means taken in claim 11 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the eleventh invention).
The technical means of. ) Is a vaporizer control method using the vaporizer according to any one of claims 4 to 7,
The combustion space of the vaporizer is provided so that the combustion flame flow direction is substantially horizontal, and the flow rate of the second raw material flowing through the upper side flow passage of the heat exchange section is the second flow direction flowing through the lower side flow passage of the heat exchange section. The vaporizer control method is characterized in that the flow rate is controlled to be higher than the flow rate of the raw material.

The effects of the eleventh technical means are as follows.

That is, since the flow rate of the second raw material flowing in the upper side flow path of the heat exchange section is controlled to be higher than the flow rate of the second raw material flowing in the lower side flow path, the upper side of the heat exchange section is controlled. It is possible to prevent overheating, eliminate insufficient heating of the lower side of the heat exchange section, more effectively prevent water dripping, and reduce generation of carbon monoxide.

[0040]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present inventor diligently studied a method of introducing fuel and water in order to prevent dripping of water and to prevent the temperature from becoming unnecessarily high. The raw material is divided into a first raw material mainly responsible for combustion and a second raw material mainly used for evaporation, and the second raw material is heated by the combustion heat of the first raw material and then introduced into the combustion space of the first raw material. The technical idea of the present invention of vaporizing has been reached.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1A and 1B are structural views for explaining the structure of the vaporizer according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a structural view seen from a cross section and FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken along AA. It is a structural drawing.

The vaporizer 100 includes a nozzle 1, an igniter 2, a combustion air input port 3, a flame stabilizer 4, a tube 5, a second raw material supply port 7, a manifold 8, a flameproof plate 9, a straightening plate 10, and the like. It is configured. The jacket 102 of the vaporizer 100 has a cylindrical shape whose axial direction is horizontal. The nozzle 1 is provided at one end of the vaporizer 100 in the axial direction.

The nozzle 1 is a first nozzle provided so as to spray the first raw material toward the other end of the vaporizer 100 in the axial direction.
It is a raw material supply means. The nozzle 1 is a gas-liquid two-fluid type nozzle that is provided with a raw material supply unit 1a and a spraying air supply unit 1b and sprays a raw material with the spraying air injected from the air supply port 1c. The flame stabilizer 4 is formed of a conical plate having the nozzle 1 as an apex, and has a hole 4a through which air can flow.

A manifold 8 is provided on the side of the flame stabilizer 4 opposite to the nozzle 1 side. The manifold 8 is a ring-shaped member having a space inside, the second raw material supply port 7 is connected to the uppermost portion, and the tube 5 is provided at the end of the vaporizer 100 opposite to the flame stabilizer 4 side in the axial direction. Are fluidly connected to each other. A large number of tubes 5 are provided and arranged on the circumference as seen from the AA cross section. An end 5 a of the tube 5 opposite to the manifold 8 side is open to the combustion space 6. In the present embodiment, the second raw material supply port 7, the manifold 8 and the tube 5 constitute a second raw material supply unit 20 which is a second raw material supply means for supplying the second raw material to the combustion space 6. The tube 5 is a heat exchange part.

A flameproof plate 9 is provided in front of the end 5a of the tube 5.
Is provided. The flameproof plate 9 is provided with a hole 9a, and functions to mix and rectify the gas in which the first raw material is burned and evaporated and the gas in which the second raw material is evaporated, to discharge the gas from the hole 9a and to shield the heat of the combustion space 6. Have. A rectifying plate 10 is provided at a position in front of the flameproof plate 9 and separated by a predetermined distance. The current plate 10 is a flat plate-shaped member covering the entire inner cross section of the carburetor 100, and is provided with a large number of small through holes. A reforming air supply port 11 for supplying reforming air is provided in a space between the flameproof plate 9 and the flow regulating plate 10. The rectifying plate 10 has a function of rectifying the flow of gas discharged from the outlet portion 101 of the carburetor 100 and uniformly mixing the evaporated raw material and the reforming air.

The combustion space 6 is a space formed by the flame stabilizer 4, the jacket 102 of the carburetor 100, and the current plate 10. The combustion flame flow direction corresponds to the spray direction of the nozzle 1, and
It is the X direction of (a). In the case of the first embodiment, the vaporizer 1
00 coincides with the axial direction. Tube 5 is combustion space 6
Is a tubular member that is located on the inner peripheral side of and extends in the combustion flame flow direction, that is, in the X direction. A space 12 is provided on the side of the flame stabilizer 4 opposite to the combustion space 6 for supplying combustion air to the combustion space 6 from the hole 4 a of the flame stabilizer 4. A combustion air inlet 3 is connected to the space 12. The igniter 2 is the vaporizer 1
00 is provided at the same end as the nozzle 1 and its tip is provided in the combustion space 6. The igniter 2 is an igniting means for starting the combustion of the combustion fuel in the first raw material.
Note that 13 schematically represents the injection of the first raw material from the nozzle 1.

When the first raw material is supplied to the raw material supply unit 1a and the injection air is supplied to the spray air supply unit 1b, the first raw material is burned by the spray air injected from the air supply port 1c. Is sprayed in. In this embodiment, a mixed raw material of methanol and water is used as the first raw material. The mixing ratio is methanol: water = 50: 23 (volume ratio in liquid state). Among these, a part of methanol has a role of combustion fuel, while the other is a raw material to be evaporated. The combustion air supplied from the combustion air inlet 3 is the space 1
2. It is supplied to the combustion space 6 through the hole 4a of the flame stabilizer 4.

The methanol in the first raw material sprayed in the combustion space 6 is ignited by the igniter 2 and supported by the combustion air and the spray air to be burned. As a result of this combustion, the temperature of the combustion space 6 rises, and at the same time, water and methanol that has not been used for combustion evaporate in the first raw material.

The second raw material is supplied from the second raw material supply port 7. In this embodiment, a mixed raw material of methanol and water is used as the second raw material. The mixing ratio is methanol: water = 50: 23 (volume ratio in liquid state). The second raw material is all vaporized raw material. The second raw material supplied from the second raw material supply port 7 is supplied to the tube 5 via the manifold 8.
Is supplied to. The second raw material is heated by the combustion heat of the first raw material while passing through the tube 5, and a part thereof is evaporated. The heated second raw material is supplied from the end portion 5a of the tube 5 into the combustion space 6, and is directly heated and evaporated by the combustion heat of the first raw material.

The combustion exhaust gas and the evaporated raw materials are flameproof plates 9
Is supplied to the opposite side of the flameproof plate 9 through the holes of the flameproof plate 9 and the gap between the flameproof plate 9 and the jacket portion 102, and here, the reforming air supply port 11
It is mixed with the reforming air supplied from the rectifying plate 10, rectified by the rectifying plate 10, and discharged from the outlet portion 101 of the carburetor 100.
The reforming air becomes a raw material that is reformed in the reformer in the subsequent stage together with the vaporized raw material.

The amounts and ratios of the combustion fuel and the evaporation raw material used as the first raw material are determined so that the combustion in the combustion space 6 is maintained in a state close to complete combustion and can be stabilized at an optimum temperature. Therefore, the ratio of the evaporative fuel in the first raw material is considerably smaller than the ratio of the evaporative fuel in all the raw materials, which is the total of the first raw material and the second raw material. That is, the first
Most of the raw materials are combustion fuels, and in some cases, all may be combustion fuels. As a result, most of the amount of heat required for evaporation is generated by the combustion of the combustion fuel in the first raw material, so that the water in the first raw material can be prevented from dripping. Further, since the amount of fuel for evaporation is small, it is possible to suppress the generation of unburned gas, and it is possible to reduce carbon monoxide generated by the thermal decomposition of the fuel for evaporation.

When the second raw material passes through the tube 5, it is heated by the combustion heat in the first raw material and then supplied to the combustion space 6. Therefore, the second raw material is evaporated in the tube 5 or discharged from the tube 5. Since it is immediately evaporated, the water in the second raw material can be prevented from dripping. Further, since thermal decomposition can be prevented, carbon monoxide can be reduced.

Since the end portion 5a of the tube 5 supplies the second raw material to the latter half of the combustion space 6, the second raw material can be sufficiently heated, and more effectively the water dripping can be prevented and the mono-oxidization can be performed. The generation of carbon can be reduced.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system using the vaporizer of the first embodiment. The fuel cell system includes a vaporizer 100, a reformer 200, a fuel cell 300, a methanol tank 15a, a water tank 15b and a blower 1.
6 to 19 are provided. The methanol 15a and the water tank 15b are connected to the nozzle 1 via the flow rate control valves 21 and 23, respectively, and supply the first raw material.
The blower 16 is connected to the nozzle 1 and supplies atomizing air. The methanol 15a and the water tank 15b are connected to the second raw material supply port 7 via the flow rate control valves 22 and 24, respectively, and supply the second raw material. The blower 17 is connected to the combustion air inlet 3 and supplies combustion air. The blower 18 is connected to the reforming air supply port 11 and supplies the reforming air.

The vaporizer 100 is connected to the reformer 200. The reformer 200 is connected to the fuel cell 300 so as to supply the reformed gas to the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell 300. A blower 19 is connected to the oxidant electrode side of the fuel cell 300 to supply air that is an oxidant gas.

In the case of the fuel cell system, the raw material evaporated in the vaporizer 100 is the reforming raw material. The reforming raw material gas evaporated in the vaporizer 100 is supplied to the reformer 200 and reformed into a reformed gas containing hydrogen as a main component by the reforming catalyst. The reformed gas is supplied to the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell 300, and the blower 19 supplies air to the oxidant electrode side, whereby the fuel cell 300 generates power.

Since the vaporizer 100 can prevent the liquid from dripping, it can prevent the reforming catalyst from being wet with the liquid and lowering the reforming performance. Therefore, the performance of the reformer 200 can be improved. Further, since the temperature of the reforming raw material gas supplied from the vaporizer 100 to the reformer 200 can be lowered, it is possible to eliminate the risk of degrading the catalyst layer of the reformer.

The reformer 200 is generally provided with a carbon monoxide reducing section for reducing carbon monoxide generated during the reforming reaction. This is because if the reformed gas is supplied to the fuel cell while the concentration of carbon monoxide is high, the electrode catalyst of the fuel cell is poisoned and the performance of the fuel cell deteriorates. When the carbon monoxide in the gas supplied from the vaporizer 100 to the reformer 200 is high, the capacity of the carbon monoxide reducing unit is exceeded, and the reformed gas having a high carbon monoxide concentration is supplied to the fuel cell. Problems arise. It is possible to solve the problem by increasing the capacity of the carbon monoxide reducing unit, but in this case,
There is a problem that the carbon monoxide reducing unit becomes large and the reformer 200 becomes large. Since the carbon monoxide is reduced in the reforming raw material gas supplied from the vaporizer 100 to the reformer 200, the carbon monoxide concentration in the reformed gas can be reduced without enlarging the carbon monoxide reducing portion. Therefore, the durability of the fuel cell can be improved.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of fuel input to the carburetor 100 and the carburetor surface temperature. This is the vaporizer 100 when the raw material is charged only into the nozzle 1.
The temperature outside the mantle portion 102 is measured. 1
Reference numeral 02a is a surface temperature measurement point of the mantle portion 102. The volume ratio of the charged raw material methanol and water in the liquid state is 50:
23. At this time, 35 to 50 cc of methanol
Air (total of spraying air and combustion air) was introduced at a ratio of NL / min. The horizontal axis of FIG. 3 is the raw material input (total of water and methanol), and the vertical axis is the vaporizer surface temperature.
The black dots are the measurement results, and the broken lines are the approximate curves of the measurement results. As the amount of raw material input increases, the rate of increase in the carburetor surface temperature increases. This result shows that when the amount of the first raw material is large, even if the large amount of the second raw material is added, the second raw material can be evaporated without dripping.
FIG. 4 is a graph diagram simulating the input amounts of the first raw material and the second raw material that are input to the vaporizer 100 based on the results of FIG. The horizontal axis of FIG. 4 represents the load of the reformer 200, that is, the amount of the reforming raw material that needs to be evaporated in the vaporizer 100. The vertical axis of FIG. 4 is the raw material input flow rate. The straight line 30 is
It represents the total of the first raw material and the second raw material, that is, the total input flow rate. This needs to be increased in proportion to the reformer load. A curve 31 represents the input flow rate of the first raw material, and a curve 32 represents the input flow rate of the second raw material. It was found that by increasing the input flow rate of the second raw material in the total input flow rate as the reformer load increases, it is effective in preventing water dripping and reducing the generation of carbon monoxide. For this reason, the second raw material /
By controlling the ratio of the first raw material to be large, it is possible to more effectively prevent water dripping and reduce the generation of carbon monoxide.

FIG. 5 is a structural view for explaining the structure of the vaporizer according to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 (a) is a structural view seen from a cross section, and FIG. 5 (b) is an AA cross section. FIG. In the second embodiment, a tube with fins 25 is used instead of the tube 5 of the first embodiment, and the other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The finned tube 25 is formed by welding a number of metal plate-shaped fins 26 to a tube 27 and joining them together. The tubes 27 have the same shape as the tubes 5 of the first embodiment and are arranged similarly, but the number of the fins 26 is reduced by the number of the fins 26. In the present embodiment, the second raw material supply port 7, the manifold 8, and the finned tube 25 are second raw material supply means for supplying the second raw material to the combustion space 6.
The raw material supply unit 28 is configured. Tube with fin 25
Is the heat exchange section.

The second raw material supplied from the second raw material supply port 7 is supplied to the tube 27 via the manifold 8. The second raw material passes through the tube 27 and is supplied to the combustion space 6 from the end 25a on the opening side. The combustion heat of the combustion space 6 can be efficiently transferred to the tubes 27 by the fins 26, so that the second raw material is heated more efficiently. As a result, the vaporizer 200 of the second embodiment can evaporate the raw material more efficiently. Therefore, water dripping can be prevented more efficiently, and the generation of carbon monoxide can be reduced more efficiently. The carburetor 200 of the second embodiment is also used in the fuel cell system with the same configuration as the carburetor 100 of the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a structural view for explaining the structure of the vaporizer according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 (a) is a structural view seen from a cross section and FIG. 6 (b) is an AA cross section. FIG. The third embodiment has a second raw material supply unit 40 instead of the second raw material supply unit 20 of the first embodiment, and the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Inside the combustion space 6, an intermediate wall portion 45, one end of which contacts the flame stabilizer 4, is provided. The intermediate wall portion 45 has a cylindrical shape extending in the X direction. The other end 4 of the intermediate wall portion 45
5a extends close to the flameproof plate 9. The flameproof plate 9 and the other end 45a of the intermediate wall portion 45 are provided at a predetermined interval so that gas from the combustion space 6 can flow therethrough. The space between the intermediate wall 45 and the jacket 102 of the carburetor 300 is the second
It is the raw material flow section 42. The second raw material flow port 42 is provided with a second raw material supply port 41 for supplying the second raw material. In the present embodiment, the second raw material supply port 41, the second raw material flow passage portion 42, and the intermediate wall portion 45 form the second raw material supply portion 40 that is the second raw material supply means for supplying the second raw material to the combustion space 6. I am configuring. A large number of partition plates 43 extending in the X direction are provided at equal intervals in the second raw material flow section 42 so that the supplied second raw material does not go downward at once.
The partition plate 43 is provided with a large number of holes 43a, and when the flow rate of the second raw material increases, the second raw material gradually moves downward through the holes 43a.

From the second raw material supply port 41 to the second raw material flow passage 4
The second raw material supplied to No. 2 is heated by the combustion heat of the combustion space 6 and is vaporized while passing through the second raw material flow section 42, or is heated to near the boiling point and is heated from the other end 45a to the combustion space. 6 is supplied. As a result, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent water dripping and reduce the generation of carbon monoxide. The carburetor 300 of the third embodiment is also used in the fuel cell system with the same configuration as the carburetor 100 of the first embodiment.

The vaporizer 300 can improve the evaporation efficiency because the intermediate wall portion 45 can be used as a whole heat transfer surface, and can improve the durability because the outer wall 102 is not directly exposed to the combustion flame.

In all of the first to third embodiments, the combustion flame flow direction (X direction) is horizontal, but it is not particularly limited and can be any direction. When the combustion flame flow direction (X direction) is substantially horizontal as in the first to third embodiments, the upper side overheats in the combustion space 6 and the lower side becomes a relatively low temperature, and the heat exchange section on the upper side is heat resistant. However, there is a risk that the heating of the second raw material in the lower heat exchange section becomes insufficient. This problem can be solved by making the cross-sectional area of the upper flow passage of the heat exchange portion larger than that of the lower flow passage.

FIG. 7 is an AA sectional structural view of a modified example in which a large number of tubes 35 having different inner diameters are used instead of the tubes 5 of the first embodiment. As the tube 35, a tube whose inner diameter is larger toward the upper side is used. As a result,
By flowing a larger amount of the second raw material toward the upper side, overheating on the upper side and insufficient heating on the lower side can be eliminated.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the AA section of a modification in which the arrangement of the partition plate 43 of the third embodiment is changed. Partition board 5
The space between the two is widened toward the upper side. As a result, the cross section of the upper flow passage of the heat exchange section is larger than that of the lower flow passage. By appropriately selecting the diameter and number of the holes 51a, it is possible to flow a larger amount of the second raw material into the passage on the upper side, and it is possible to eliminate overheating on the upper side and insufficient heating on the lower side.

By making the heat transfer area on the lower side of the heat exchange section larger than the heat transfer area on the upper side, overheating on the upper side,
Insufficient heating on the lower side can be eliminated. That is,
Since the heat transfer area on the lower side is large, the second raw material on the lower side of the heat exchange section is further heated to eliminate the insufficient heating on the lower side, and the heat in the combustion space moves from the upper side to the lower side.
It is possible to prevent overheating of the upper side of the heat exchange section.

Further, in the first to second embodiments, the manifold 8 is vertically separated, or in the third embodiment, the second raw material flow passage 42 is separated into upper and lower portions, and the second raw material is supplied separately to the upper and lower portions. The flow rate of the second raw material flowing to the upper side is controlled to be higher than that of the second raw material flowing to the lower side. As a result, a larger amount of the second raw material flows toward the upper side, whereby overheating on the upper side and insufficient heating on the lower side can be eliminated.
Although the manifold 8 is separated into the upper and lower parts here, the second part is separated into three or more parts and is passed through the upper flow path.
Even if the flow rate of the raw material is controlled to be higher than the flow rate of the second raw material flowing in the lower flow path, the same effect is obtained.

In the first to third embodiments, in addition to the effects described above, the heat exchange section through which the second raw material passes is provided immediately inside the outer jacket section 102, so that the heat of the combustion space 6 becomes heat. The heat is absorbed by the exchange section, the temperature of the outer jacket section 102 can be kept low, and the heat radiation to the outside can be reduced, so that the efficiency of the carburetor can be improved.

In the first to third embodiments, the carburetor of the reformer used in the fuel cell system has been described, but the reformer used in other than the fuel cell system, for example, hydrogen-using equipment such as hydrogen engine. Available for It can also be used as a vaporizer other than the reformer. In the first to third embodiments, both the first raw material and the second raw material have been described as a mixture of methanol and water, but they are not particularly limited and can be used in various forms based on the technical idea of the present invention. For example, although methanol is used as a combustion fuel and a raw material for vaporization (a reforming raw material in the embodiment), liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, natural gas, propane, and other alcohol fuels, etc. Is also available. It is also possible to supply only the combustion fuel to the first raw material and supply only the vaporization raw material to the second raw material.

[0074]

As described above, according to the present invention, the first raw material supply means for supplying the first raw material containing the combustion fuel and the combustion fuel supplied by the first raw material supply means are started to burn. Second raw material supply means for supplying a second raw material to the combustion space of the combustion fuel via an ignition means and a heat exchange section for exchanging heat with the combustion heat of the combustion fuel is provided. Since it is a vaporizer, it can prevent water dripping,
Generation of carbon monoxide can be reduced. Further, according to the present invention, using the above vaporizer, the ratio of the second raw material / the first raw material is increased as the input amount of all the raw materials input from the first raw material supply means and the second raw material supply means is increased. Control method of the vaporizer or the combustion space of the vaporizer is provided so that the combustion flame flow direction is substantially horizontal, and the flow rate of the second raw material flowing in the upper flow passage of the heat exchange section is Since the vaporizer control method is characterized in that the flow rate of the second raw material flowing in the upper side flow path of the heat exchange section is controlled to be higher, it is possible to more effectively prevent water dripping. The generation of carbon monoxide can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A and 1B are structural views for explaining the structure of a carburetor according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1A is a structural view seen from a cross section, and FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken along AA. It is a structural drawing.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system using the vaporizer of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a fuel input amount and a carburetor surface temperature.

FIG. 4 is a graph diagram simulating the input amounts of a first raw material and a second raw material.

5A and 5B are structural views for explaining a structure of a vaporizer according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5A is a structural view seen from a cross section, and FIG. It is a structural drawing.

6A and 6B are structural views for explaining a structure of a vaporizer according to a third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6A is a structural view seen from a cross section, and FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along AA. It is a structural drawing.

FIG. 7 is an AA cross-sectional structural diagram of a modified example using a large number of tubes having different inner diameters.

FIG. 8 is an AA cross-sectional structural view of a modified example in which the arrangement of partition plates of the third embodiment is changed.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Nozzle (1st raw material supply means) 2 ... Ignition device (ignition means) 3 ... Combustion air injection port 5 ... Tube (heat exchange part) (tubular member) 5a, 25a ... End part (raw material discharge port) 6 ... Combustion space 20, 28, 40 ... 2nd raw material supply part (2nd raw material supply means) 25 ... Tube with fin (heat exchange part) (tubular member) 42 ... 2nd raw material flow part (heat exchange part) 43, 51 ... Partition plates 43a, 51a ... Hole 45 ... Intermediate wall part (heat exchange part) 100, 200, 300 ... Vaporizer

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A first raw material supply means for supplying a first raw material containing combustion fuel, an ignition means for starting combustion of the combustion fuel supplied by the first raw material supply means, and a combustion source for the combustion fuel. A vaporizer comprising a second raw material supply means for supplying a second raw material to the combustion space of the combustion fuel via a heat exchange section that exchanges heat with combustion heat. 2. The carburetor according to claim 1, wherein combustion air for supporting the combustion fuel is supplied from around the first raw material supply means. 3. The carburetor according to claim 1, wherein the raw material discharge port of the second raw material supply means is provided in the latter half portion of the combustion space of the combustion fuel in the combustion flame flow direction. 4. The heat exchanging portion is provided on an outer periphery of an intermediate wall portion provided in a combustion space of the combustion fuel and extending in a combustion flame flow direction, and the second raw material is provided in the combustion flame flow direction. A flow path is provided to communicate with the flow path.
Vaporizer described. 5. The flow passage is partitioned by a partition plate extending in the combustion flame flow direction so that a cross-sectional portion of the flow passage surrounds the intermediate wall portion. 4. The vaporizer according to 4. 6. The carburetor according to claim 5, wherein the partition plate is provided with a hole. 7. The heat exchange section is a tubular member that is located on the inner peripheral side in the combustion flame flow direction of the combustion space of the first raw material and extends in the combustion flame flow direction. Vaporizer described. 8. The combustion space is provided so that the combustion flame flow direction is substantially horizontal, and the upper flow passage cross-sectional area of the heat exchange section is larger than the lower flow passage cross-sectional area of the heat exchange section. The vaporizer according to any one of claims 4 to 7. 9. The combustion space is provided so that the combustion flame flow direction is substantially horizontal, and the lower heat transfer area of the heat exchange section is larger than the upper heat transfer area of the heat exchange section. The vaporizer according to claim 7. 10. The method for controlling a vaporizer using the vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein the amount of all raw materials fed from the first raw material supply means and the second raw material supply means is increased. The method for controlling a vaporizer is characterized in that the ratio of the second raw material / the first raw material is controlled in accordance with the above. 11. A method for controlling a carburetor using the carburetor according to claim 4, wherein a combustion space of the carburetor is provided so that a combustion flame flow direction is substantially horizontal. A method for controlling a carburetor, characterized in that the flow rate of the second raw material flowing in the upper flow passage of the exchange part is controlled to be higher than the flow rate of the second raw material flowing in the lower flow passage of the heat exchange part. .