JP2003185366A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat exchanger having superior heat exchanging efficiency and capable of being miniaturized. <P>SOLUTION: In this heat exchanger wherein a high-temperature fluid 8 flows to the low-temperature fluid to allow the heat to be transferred therebetween, a low-temperature fluid channel accommodating the low-temperature fluid is provided at least with two temperature zones, that is, a low temperature zone and a high temperature zone higher than the low-temperature zone, a plurality of units 1, 2, 3 provided with the high-temperature fluid channels are horizontally arranged to generate the heat exchange on both of at least two temperature zones, and the high-temperature fluid channels 4 of the units 1, 2, 3 are connected in series. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid, and particularly to a heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange through a partition wall. It is about.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to heat and evaporate a target fluid such as water, instead of directly heating with a heater, heat exchange may be performed with another high temperature fluid. An example of a heat exchanger used for that purpose is Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-50236.
No. 6 publication. The structure described in this publication will be briefly described. Flow paths are formed on both sides of a flat partition wall, and each flow path is formed between a side wall and a partition wall facing the partition wall. It is formed by sandwiching a corrugated sheet. Therefore, when the high temperature gas is caused to flow in one flow path and the refrigerant is caused to flow in the other flow path, heat exchange occurs between the high temperature gas and the refrigerant via the partition wall portion. Then, in the invention described in the above publication, the respective flow paths may be oriented in the horizontal direction with respect to each other, or while the high temperature gas is flowed in the horizontal direction, the respective flow paths are arranged so as to flow the refrigerant in the vertical direction. It is said that they may cross each other.

[0003]

When the flow passages arranged in the horizontal direction as described in the above publication are divided into a plurality of flow passages or when the flow passage cross-sectional area is wide to some extent. If the fluid flowing in the flow path is a gas such as the above-mentioned high temperature gas, the gas diffuses and flows in almost the entire flow path. On the other hand, if the fluid is a liquid such as water, it flows unevenly in the lower part of the flow path. Therefore, in the configuration described in the above publication, when the high temperature gas and the refrigerant are both configured to flow in the horizontal direction, heat exchange between the high temperature gas and the liquid refrigerant is caused by uneven distribution of the refrigerant. The high temperature gas generated only in the side portion and flowing in the upper portion where the refrigerant does not exist is exhausted as it is without giving the heat to the refrigerant. In other words, the temperature distribution in the cross section perpendicular to the streamline of the hot gas is low on the refrigerant side,
There is an inconvenience that the temperature rises above the liquid surface of the refrigerant, and the so-called in-plane temperature distribution varies from high to low, which lowers the heat exchange efficiency.

Further, in the structure described in the above publication, it is said that the refrigerant may be caused to flow in the vertical direction and the high temperature gas may be caused to flow in the horizontal direction to intersect the flow directions of the two. In such a configuration, since it is necessary to maintain the liquid refrigerant in a fluid state, it is difficult to heat and evaporate the refrigerant to obtain vapor.

The present invention has been made in view of the above technical problems, and an object thereof is to provide a heat exchanger which has good heat exchange efficiency and can be downsized. .

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is a heat exchange in which a high temperature fluid is made to flow with respect to a low temperature fluid to exchange heat between these fluids. In the container, at least two temperature regions of a low temperature region and a high temperature region having a temperature higher than the low temperature region are formed in the low temperature fluid containing portion containing the low temperature fluid, and both of the at least two temperature regions are crossed. A plurality of units in which the high-temperature fluid channels are formed are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the high-temperature fluid channels of each unit are connected in series.

Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the high temperature fluid always passes through both the low temperature region and the high temperature region in which the low temperature fluid is contained, and heat exchange is performed in each region. Therefore, heat exchange between the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid occurs almost uniformly at any position in the plane perpendicular to the streamline of the high-temperature fluid, and as a result, the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Also,
Since the high temperature fluid flow paths in each unit are connected in series, it is possible to lengthen the flow path where heat exchange occurs between the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid as the entire heat exchanger. Therefore, the size can be reduced without impairing the heat exchange efficiency.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of the high temperature fluid passages are provided in at least one unit of the first aspect of the invention, and the high temperature fluid passages in the plurality of high temperature fluid passages are provided. The heat exchanger is characterized in that the heat exchange amounts of the low temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid are equal to each other.

Therefore, according to the second aspect of the present invention, even if the high-temperature fluid sent to the predetermined unit flows in a plurality of flow paths, the heat exchange amount in each flow path becomes equal, resulting in high temperature. The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger as a whole is improved by avoiding a situation where a part of the fluid flows away with a sufficient amount of heat.

Further, in the invention of claim 3, a plurality of the high temperature fluid passages are provided in at least one of the units in the invention of the first aspect, and the high temperature fluid passages are provided in each of the plurality of high temperature fluid passages. The heat exchanger is characterized in that the fluid flow times are equal.

Therefore, according to the third aspect of the invention, even if the high-temperature fluid sent to the predetermined unit flows while being divided into a plurality of flow paths, the passage times of the flow paths are equal to each other, and The amount of heat exchange becomes equal. As a result, a situation in which a part of the high-temperature fluid flows away with a sufficient amount of heat is avoided, and the heat exchange efficiency of the entire heat exchanger is improved.

Further, the invention of claim 4 is the same as claim 1
A plurality of the high temperature fluid passages are provided in at least one of the units in the invention, and the flow distances of the high temperature fluid in the plurality of high temperature fluid passages are equal to each other. It is a characteristic heat exchanger.

Therefore, according to the invention of claim 4, even if the high temperature fluid sent to the predetermined unit flows in a plurality of flow paths, the flow distance of each flow path, that is, a portion where heat exchange occurs with the low temperature fluid. Are equal to each other, and the heat exchange amount in each flow path is equal. As a result, a situation in which a part of the high-temperature fluid flows away with a sufficient amount of heat is avoided, and the heat exchange efficiency of the entire heat exchanger is improved.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the low temperature region is formed by a low temperature fluid in a liquid phase, and the predetermined temperature is set with respect to the liquid surface of the low temperature fluid in the liquid phase. The heat exchanger is characterized in that the high-temperature fluid flow paths are formed so as to intersect at an angle.

Therefore, in the invention of claim 5, the high temperature fluid flows so as to pass through both the liquid phase portion of the low temperature fluid and the portion above it. Therefore, variations in conditions and degree of heat exchange between the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid in each part are suppressed, and as a result, variations in temperature of the high-temperature fluid are suppressed and heat exchange efficiency is improved.

The invention of claim 6 is the same as claim 1
In any one of the inventions 1 to 4, the low-temperature region is formed by a liquid-phase low-temperature fluid, and the high-temperature fluid flow path is formed so as to be perpendicular to the liquid surface of the liquid-phase low-temperature fluid. Is a heat exchanger.

Therefore, in the invention of claim 6, the high temperature fluid flows in a direction perpendicular to the liquid surface with respect to the low temperature fluid. Therefore, variations in conditions and degree of heat exchange between the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid in each part are suppressed, and as a result, variations in temperature of the high-temperature fluid are suppressed and heat exchange efficiency is improved.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, the present invention will be described based on specific examples. The heat exchanger according to the present invention is a device for exchanging heat between a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid, one example of the high temperature fluid is a high temperature gas, and more specifically, a hydrocarbon and water It is a reformed gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated in the reforming reaction. On the other hand, an example of the low temperature fluid is a liquid supplied at a temperature lower than that of the high temperature gas, more specifically, water used for the above-mentioned reforming reaction.

In the heat exchanger according to the present invention, the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid are not directly contacted with each other, but heat is exchanged through a so-called partition plate such as a predetermined partition wall or tube wall. When the low-temperature fluid is in the liquid phase, the low-temperature fluid is retained in the stored state, and the flow path through which the high-temperature fluid flows is the low-temperature fluid in the liquid phase and the gas phase portion above the liquid level. It is provided so that it crosses both.

According to the present invention, the low temperature fluid can be heat-exchanged between the low temperature fluid and the high temperature fluid while the low temperature fluid is stored. In this case, the low temperature fluid vapor generated as a result of the heating is converted into the low temperature fluid. It will be discharged upward from the storage part. The low-temperature fluid flow path is used to store such liquid-phase low-temperature fluid and to flow and discharge the vapor.
The low temperature fluid channel and the high temperature fluid channel can be alternately laminated.

Further, the above-mentioned high temperature fluid passage can be constituted by a pipe arranged so as to penetrate through the inside of the container storing the low temperature fluid, or a pipe having a rectangular cross section in the container storing the low temperature fluid. Can be contacted with each other to make the rectangular pipe a high temperature fluid flow path, and a corrugated sheet can be inserted into the rectangular pipe to divide the rectangular pipe into a plurality of flow paths. In any configuration, the high temperature fluid passage in the present invention is configured to flow the high temperature fluid in a direction intersecting with the liquid surface of the low temperature fluid. The intersection angle is arbitrary, but the structure is simplified if it is perpendicular or perpendicular to the liquid surface.

Inside the cryogenic fluid channel or container storing the cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase, the liquid phase portion below the liquid surface forms a low temperature region, and the gas phase portion above the liquid surface has a relatively high temperature. To form a high temperature range. Since the high temperature fluid that heats the low temperature fluid is caused to flow through both the low temperature region and the high temperature region, the flow direction of the high temperature fluid is the vertical direction. This vertical direction is a flow direction relative to the low-temperature fluid even if it gets tired, and the high-temperature fluid can be horizontally supplied to and discharged from the heat exchanger according to the present invention.

Therefore, the heat exchanger according to the present invention is
A plurality of units each having a low temperature fluid flow path or a container containing the low temperature fluid and a high temperature fluid flow path are connected in parallel in a horizontal direction, and the high temperature fluid flow paths in each of the units are in series with each other. It is configured to communicate. The high temperature fluid flow passages are connected in series such that the high temperature fluid is connected to the low temperature fluid in each unit so that the high temperature fluid flows downward, and after the low temperature fluid flows downward, the high temperature fluid flows upward in the adjacent unit. Any form of fluid connection is possible.

When a plurality of high-temperature fluid flow paths are provided in each unit, the cross-sectional area and length of each high-temperature fluid flow path, or the flow velocity inside the high-temperature fluid flow paths are made equal in each high-temperature fluid flow path. To be done. This is because the time, distance, or volume of the high-temperature fluid flowing through each high-temperature fluid flow path is made equal, and the heat exchange amount is made equal for each high-temperature fluid flow path. This is to improve the heat exchange efficiency as a whole.

When a plurality of high temperature fluid passages are provided in each unit, the temperature of the high temperature fluid in each high temperature fluid passage is made uniform by the above configuration. That is, the temperature distribution of the high temperature fluid (so-called in-plane temperature distribution) in a plane perpendicular to the streamline of the high temperature fluid is made uniform. Therefore, when an appropriate catalyst is placed on the wall surface of the high temperature fluid flow path in the heat exchanger to promote the reaction of a predetermined component contained in the high temperature fluid, the temperature distribution is uniform, so that the reaction can be performed efficiently. It can be generated or the activity of the catalyst can be maintained in a good state. An example of the reaction is an oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide when a high temperature fluid is used as a reformed gas.

An example of the heat exchanger according to the present invention is schematically shown in FIG. The example shown here is an example configured by three units 1, 2, and 3.
2 and 3 have almost the same configuration, and an example of the configuration of the flow path is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.

That is, each of the high temperature fluid flow path 4 and the low temperature fluid flow path 5 is configured as a flow path having a narrow rectangular cross section, and the flow paths 4 and 5 are alternately laminated. . Further, inside each of the high temperature fluid flow path 4 and the low temperature fluid flow path 5, there are provided a plurality of fins 6 and 7 which are arranged vertically with a certain interval in a direction orthogonal to the width direction. It is arranged. Therefore, the inside of each of the flow paths 4 and 5 is divided into smaller parts. A catalyst may be provided on any one of these fins 6 and 7 to cause a reaction of a substance contained in the high temperature fluid or the low temperature fluid.

As shown in FIG. 2, the high-temperature fluid passage 4 penetrates vertically, so that in the first and third units 1 and 3, the high-temperature fluid 8 is directed from top to bottom. It flows, and in the second unit 2, the hot fluid 8 flows from bottom to top. On the other hand, the low temperature fluid flow path 5 has a structure in which the upper end and the lower end are closed, and the manifolds 9 and 10 are provided on the upper and lower parts of one side surface, and the high temperature fluid flow path 4 is sandwiched and laminated. The plurality of cryogenic fluid flow paths 5 are connected to these manifolds 9, 10
Are in communication with each other.

A supply pipe 12 for supplying the low temperature fluid 11 is attached to the lower manifold 9, and a discharge pipe 13 for discharging the vapor of the low temperature fluid 11 is attached to the upper manifold 10. Therefore, the high-temperature fluid 8 and the low-temperature fluid 11 do not come into direct contact with each other, but the high-temperature fluid 8 contacts the portion of the low-temperature fluid 11 that is filled with vapor and the portion that is filled with the liquid-phase low-temperature fluid 11. It is designed to flow through both the parts that are in contact with. In other words, the high temperature fluid 8 is configured to flow in a direction intersecting with the liquid surface of the low temperature fluid 11.

The high temperature fluid flow paths 4 have the same shape and dimensions, and therefore the length and flow path cross-sectional area of the high temperature fluid flow paths 4 in each of the units 1, 2 and 3 are set to be the same. ing.

Headers 14 and 15 are provided on the upper and lower portions of each unit 1, 2 and 3, and the high temperature fluid flow path 4 of each unit 1, 2 and 3 is opened to these headers 14 and 15. Communicate with each other. And the first
A hot fluid supply pipe 16 is connected to the upper header 14 of the second unit 1. Further, the lower header 15 in the first unit 1 and the second header adjacent to the lower header 15
The lower header 15 of the second unit 2 is in communication with each other. Further, the upper header 14 of the second unit 2 and the upper header 14 of the third unit 3 adjacent to the second unit 2 are in communication with each other. A high temperature fluid discharge pipe 17 is connected to the lower header 15 of the third unit 3.

Therefore, the high temperature fluid flow paths 4 in each of the units 1, 2 and 3 are connected in series. As a result, even if the height of each unit 1, 2, 3 is low, that is, the length of the high-temperature fluid flow path 4 for each unit 1, 2, 3 is short,
As a whole of the heat exchanger, the length of the high temperature fluid flow path 4 in which heat exchange occurs with the low temperature fluid 11 can be increased.

When a catalyst for promoting the reaction of a predetermined substance contained in the high-temperature fluid 8 is provided on the fins 6 in the high-temperature fluid flow path 4 in each of the units 1, 2 and 3, the high-temperature fluid 8 is Since the low temperature fluid 11 absorbs heat while flowing from the first unit 1 to the third unit 3, the temperature gradually decreases, so that the first unit 1 has a catalyst with a relatively high activation temperature. It is preferable to use a catalyst having a lower activation temperature in the second unit 2 and the third unit 3 in that order.

Next, the operation of the above heat exchanger will be described. By supplying a predetermined low temperature fluid 11 such as water from the supply pipe 12, the low temperature fluid 11 is stored inside the low temperature fluid flow paths 5 to a predetermined depth. In this state, the high temperature fluid 8 such as the reformed gas is supplied to the heat exchanger from the high temperature fluid supply pipe 16. The high temperature fluid 8 first flows from the upper header 14 in the first unit 1 through the high temperature fluid passage 4 to the lower header 15, and further from the lower header 15 in the second unit 2 to the high temperature fluid passage. Through 4 to the upper header 14. Then, from the upper header 14 of the third unit 3 to the high temperature fluid flow path 4
Flow through to the lower header 15 and then sent from the hot fluid discharge pipe 17 to a predetermined location.

In the process in which the high temperature fluid 8 flows in this way, heat exchange occurs with the low temperature fluid 11 via the wall surface of the high temperature fluid flow path 4, and the low temperature fluid 11 is heated. In that case, if the temperature of the high temperature fluid 8 is higher than the boiling point of the low temperature fluid 11, the low temperature fluid 11 will evaporate and the low temperature fluid 11 will boil depending on temperature conditions. This means that the hot fluid 8 is cooled by boiling. As a result, a low temperature region due to the liquid phase low temperature fluid 11 and a high temperature region due to the vapor phase low temperature fluid 11 above the liquid surface are formed inside the low temperature fluid flow path 5.

As described above, the high temperature fluid flow path 4 is formed between the headers 14 and 15 so as to be perpendicular or orthogonal to the liquid surface of the low temperature fluid 11, so that the high temperature fluid 8 is the low temperature fluid. The flow flows so as to indirectly contact both the low temperature region and the high temperature region formed inside the flow path 5, and heat exchange occurs in each temperature region. And, all of the high temperature fluids 8 distributed to the plurality of high temperature fluid flow paths 4 must be
Heat exchange occurs in both the high temperature region and the low temperature region, and the lengths of the high temperature fluid flow paths 4 in the high temperature region are the same,
Further, since the lengths of the high-temperature fluid channels 4 are the same in the low-temperature region, the circulation distance and the circulation time of each of the high-temperature fluid channels 4 are equal, and further, the heat exchange of each of the high-temperature fluid channels 4 is performed. The amount will be the same.

Therefore, although the heat of the high-temperature fluid 8 is taken away by the low-temperature fluid 11 inside each of the units 1, 2 and 3, the temperature thereof decreases, but in a plane perpendicular to the streamline of the high-temperature fluid 8. The temperature distribution of the high temperature fluid 8 (in-plane temperature distribution) is made uniform. As a result, each unit 1, 2, 3
Since uniform heat exchange occurs inside each of the heat exchangers, the overall heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger is improved. Further, since the in-plane temperature distribution of the high-temperature fluid 8 is uniform, when the catalyst is attached to the fins 6 of the high-temperature fluid passage 4 in each of the units 1, 2 and 3, the high-temperature fluid passage 4 will not be affected. The reaction similarly occurs at the location, and the reaction efficiency using the catalyst becomes good. In other words, the activity of the catalyst is good in all parts.

As described above, the high temperature fluid 8 flows through the units 1, 2 and 3 in the vertical direction, but the plurality of units 1, 2 and 3 are arranged in the horizontal direction and the high temperature fluid flow paths 4 are provided. Are connected in series, the heat exchange area can be sufficiently widened, and the size in the vertical direction can be reduced to achieve miniaturization. For example, when used in a vehicle-mounted reformer, the reformability of the reformer can be improved.

The present invention is not limited to the above specific examples. For example, the hot fluid flow path may be configured by a plurality of pipes. The number of units arranged may be two, or four or more. Further, the heat exchanger of the present invention is not limited to a heat exchanger that boils and cools a high-temperature fluid by boiling the low-temperature fluid, and is a type of heat that heats and raises the low-temperature fluid in a temperature range below the boiling point. It may be an exchange.

[0040]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the invention, heat exchange with the high temperature fluid occurs in both the low temperature region and the high temperature region in which the low temperature fluid is contained, and the heat is generated in each region. In order to perform the exchange, at least the temperature condition among the heat exchange conditions between the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid becomes equal in the plane perpendicular to the streamline of the high temperature fluid, and as a result, the heat exchange efficiency is improved. be able to. Further, since the high temperature fluid flow paths in each unit are connected in series, the flow path for exchanging heat between the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid can be lengthened as a whole heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved. It is possible to reduce the size without damaging the.

According to the invention of claim 2, claim 1
In addition to the effects of the invention of claim 1, even if the high-temperature fluid sent to a predetermined unit flows in a plurality of flow paths, the heat exchange amount in each flow path becomes equal, resulting in high temperature. It is possible to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger as a whole by avoiding a situation where a part of the fluid flows away while having a sufficient amount of heat.

Further, according to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the same effect as that of the invention of claim 1, even if the high-temperature fluid sent to a predetermined unit is divided into a plurality of flow paths and flows. , The passage time of each flow path is equal to each other, and as a result, the heat exchange amount in each flow path becomes equal, so avoiding the situation where a part of the high temperature fluid flows away with a sufficient heat amount. The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger as a whole can be improved.

Furthermore, according to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the same effect as that of the invention of claim 1, the high temperature fluid sent to a predetermined unit is divided into a plurality of flow paths and flows. Also, since the flow distance of each flow path, that is, the length of the portion where heat exchange occurs with the low temperature fluid is equal to each other, and as a result, the heat exchange amount in each flow passage becomes equal, a part of the high temperature fluid has a sufficient heat amount. It is possible to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger as a whole by avoiding a situation where the heat exchanger flows away.

According to the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effect similar to that of the invention of any one of claims 1 to 4, the high-temperature fluid includes a liquid phase portion of the low-temperature fluid and an upper portion thereof. Since it flows so that it passes through both of them, variations in the conditions and degree of heat exchange between the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid in each part are suppressed, and as a result, variations in the temperature of the high temperature fluid are suppressed and heat exchange efficiency is reduced. Can be improved.

Further, according to the invention of claim 6, in addition to the same effect as the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the high temperature fluid is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the liquid surface with respect to the low temperature fluid. Because of the flow, the variation in the condition and degree of heat exchange between the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid in each part is suppressed, and as a result, the variation in the temperature of the high temperature fluid can be suppressed and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing an example of a heat exchanger according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of configurations of a high temperature fluid channel and a low temperature fluid channel.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 2, 3 ... Unit, 4 ... High temperature fluid flow path, 5 ... Low temperature fluid flow path, 8 ... High temperature fluid, 9,10 ... Manifold, 11 ... Low temperature fluid, 14, 15 ... Header.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) F28F 9/02 301 F28F 9/02 301G

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A heat exchanger in which a high temperature fluid is made to flow with respect to a low temperature fluid to exchange heat between these fluids, wherein a low temperature fluid containing portion containing the low temperature fluid is provided with a low temperature region and a low temperature region thereof. A plurality of units in which at least two temperature regions including a high temperature region of high temperature are formed, and a high temperature fluid flow path is formed so as to cross both of these at least two temperature regions are arranged in the horizontal direction, and A heat exchanger characterized in that the high temperature fluid passages of each unit are connected in series. 2. A plurality of high-temperature fluid channels are provided in at least one of the units, and heat exchange amounts of the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid in the plurality of high-temperature fluid channels are equal to each other. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is configured. 3. At least one of the units is provided with a plurality of the high-temperature fluid flow paths, and the hot-fluid flow times of the plurality of high-temperature fluid flow paths are equal to each other. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a heat exchanger. 4. At least one of the units is provided with a plurality of high-temperature fluid channels, and the flow distances of the high-temperature fluid are equal in each of the plurality of high-temperature fluid channels. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a heat exchanger. 5. The low-temperature region is formed by a liquid-phase low-temperature fluid, and the high-temperature fluid flow path is formed so as to intersect the liquid surface of the liquid-phase low-temperature fluid at a predetermined angle. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. The high temperature fluid passage is formed so that the low temperature region is formed by a liquid phase low temperature fluid and is perpendicular to the liquid surface of the liquid phase low temperature fluid. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4.