JP2003164063A - Power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply which enables to appropriately distribute excessive power according to the current state of a power distributing means. <P>SOLUTION: A power distributing means D is composed of a plurality of of power distributions which differ in their ways of distribution and distributes excessive power of a fuel cell 1 with supplies generated power to an external power load 4. When excessive power is generated, a managing means 12 which manages the state of operation selects a power distribution of the excessive power, based on current information indicating the current state of each of the plurality of power distributors and information on selection conditions preset to select one from among the plurality of power distributors by referring to the current information. The managing means 12 manages the excessive power distribution by the selected power distribution. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention processes a fuel cell that supplies generated power to an external power load, and surplus power when the power generated by the fuel cell is greater than the load power supplied to the external power load. Power management means, load power detection means for detecting the magnitude of the load power, and management means for managing the operating states of the fuel cell and the power processing means are provided, and the management means is for the fuel cell. The present invention relates to a power supply device configured to manage surplus power so that the surplus power is processed by the power processing means when the generated power is larger than the load power in a surplus power generation state.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a power supply device having the above structure, it is disadvantageous to change and adjust the power generation output of the fuel cell at short time intervals, which causes a decrease in operating efficiency. Therefore, the power generation power of the fuel cell is maintained at a constant value. In such a state that the electric power is supplied, if the generated electric power of the fuel cell is larger than the load electric power, the surplus electric power is processed by the electric power processing means. Therefore, the power processing means includes one type of one power processing mode. For example, a structure is provided in which a power storage device that stores surplus power is provided as power processing means, and when surplus power is generated, the surplus power is always stored in the power storage device, or hot water is supplied by supplying surplus power as power processing means. There is a configuration in which an electric heating device for heating hot water in a hot water storage tank is provided, and when surplus power is generated, hot water is constantly heated by the electric heating device using the surplus power.

[0003]

In the above-mentioned conventional configuration, the surplus power can be appropriately treated without lowering the operating efficiency of the fuel cell. However, the power processing means uses one power source. Since it was configured to include one type of processing form, there were the following disadvantages and there was room for improvement.

That is, even when the power generation output of the fuel cell is set in advance to the most appropriate value according to the predicted value of the load power, the actual load power of the external power load is set. If the value fluctuates from the predicted value, a large amount of surplus power may be generated. Then, for example, when the surplus power is stored in the power storage device, such a power storage device has a limit in the amount of power that can be stored, and cannot store further power when it is in a fully charged state. Therefore, there is a possibility that the surplus power cannot be properly processed. or,
Even when an electric heating device for heating the hot water in the hot water storage tank by supplying surplus power is provided as the power processing means, the demand for hot water in the hot water storage tank is similarly increased. If the amount is small, the surplus power may not be properly processed.

Therefore, in order to avoid such a disadvantage, as a power processing means, a plurality of types of power processing units having different power processing modes are provided, and the order to be supplied is set in advance, and the surplus power is set. It is conceivable that a plurality of power processing units may appropriately process even if a large amount of power is generated. For example, when the power storage means includes the power storage device and the electric heating device, respectively, and when surplus power is generated in the fuel cell, first, the power storage device is configured to store power so that the power storage device is fully charged. If the battery is in a charged state, the electric heating device is configured to process surplus power.

[0006] In such an improved configuration, it is possible to avoid the disadvantage that the surplus power cannot be appropriately processed, but for example, there is a large demand for hot water supply and the hot water in the hot water storage tank is heated. Even when a large amount of heating is required, excess power is not supplied to the electric heating device unless the power storage device is fully charged, and the electric heating device takes a long time until the power storage device is fully charged. It is necessary to wait, and it cannot be said that the surplus power is processed in an appropriate state corresponding to the current state of the power processing means, and there is still room for improvement in this respect.

The present invention has been made paying attention to such a point, and an object thereof is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages in the prior art and to reduce the surplus power in accordance with the current state of the power processing means. The point is to provide a power supply device capable of performing processing in an appropriate state.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell for supplying the generated electric power to an external electric power load, and a generated electric power of the fuel cell is larger than the load electric power supplied to the external electric power load. Power management means for processing surplus power, load power detection means for detecting the magnitude of the load power, management means for managing the operating states of the fuel cell and the power processing means, the management means are provided. If the generated electric power of the fuel cell is larger than the load electric power in a surplus electric power generation state, the surplus electric power is controlled to be processed by the electric power processing means. The processing means is configured to include a plurality of types of power processing units having different power processing modes, and the management unit is configured to provide each of the plurality of types of power processing units in the surplus power generation state. Status information indicating the current status of all, and the selection condition information preset as a selection condition for selecting one of the plurality of types of power processing units that processes the surplus power while referring to the current status information. Based on this, a power processing unit that processes the surplus power is selected, and the selected power processing unit is configured to manage the surplus power so as to be processed.

That is, in a state in which a plurality of types of power processing units having different power processing modes are provided, and the generated power of the fuel cell is larger than the load power and surplus power is generated, the management means controls the plurality of types of power processing. Based on the current condition information representing the current condition of each part and preset selection condition information,
The power processing unit that processes the surplus power is automatically selected, and the selected power processing unit manages to process the surplus power. And, as the selection condition information,
Since the power processing unit that processes the surplus power is selected while referring to the current status information indicating the current status of each of the plurality of types of power processing units, the preset condition is referenced while referring to the current status of the power processing unit at that time. In order to handle the surplus power, an appropriate power processing unit is selected according to the above.

For example, in the case where a plurality of types of power processing units having different power processing forms are provided as power processing means and the order in which the surplus power is to be supplied is set in advance, the power that requires power supply is supplied. There is a possibility that a disadvantage that the state in which the surplus power is not appropriately supplied to the processing unit continues for a long time may occur, but according to the present invention, it is possible to correspond to a preset condition while referring to the current state of the power processing unit at that time. Since the appropriate power processing unit is selected to process the excess power, it is possible to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages, and the excess power is appropriately adjusted according to the current state of the power processing means. It has become possible to provide a power supply device that can be processed by.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the power processing means is a plurality of types of power processing units that store and store the surplus power as different types of energy. The energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units,
The selection condition information is one in which the energy storage amount is lower than a set upper limit value among the plurality of types of storage type power processing units, and the energy storage amount and the energy usage amount per unit time are It is a condition to preferentially select one having a higher degree of tightness in the supply and demand relationship to be obtained, and the management means, in the surplus power generation state, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage type power processing units. Is lower than the set upper limit value, and the one having a higher degree of tightness is preferentially selected, and the selected power processing unit is configured to manage to process the surplus power. To do. Examples of the energy storage type power processing unit as described above include, for example, a configuration in which hot water is heated and stored with surplus power, a configuration in which raw material of a fuel cell is generated and stored with surplus power, or power is directly used. There is a configuration for storing electricity.

That is, a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units store and store surplus power as different types of energy, but the management means selects a power processing unit that processes surplus power. Of the multiple types of storage-type power processing units, the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value, and the tightness of the supply and demand relationship obtained from the energy storage amount and the energy usage amount per unit time is The higher the price, the higher the priority. In other words, the surplus power is supplied by preferentially selecting and supplying the surplus power as a different type of energy from among a plurality of types of power processing units that have a tight supply / demand relationship with the stored energy. Since the surplus power is preferentially supplied to the one that is tight, the surplus power will be supplied in the most appropriate state from the supply and demand relationship.
In addition, if the energy storage amount is larger than the set upper limit value, the power processing unit is excluded from the selection target, so that the energy storage amount is larger than the set upper limit value and there is no need to store energy any more. No excess power is supplied unnecessarily.

Therefore, it becomes possible to process the surplus power in an optimum state from the viewpoint of the supply and demand relationship of the energy storage amount while corresponding to the current storage state of the stored energy in the power processing means. A suitable means for doing so is obtained.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the management means sets the amount of energy used per unit time in the selection condition information per unit time from a time point before the set time to the present time. It is characterized in that it is configured to obtain an average value of energy consumption.

That is, when obtaining the tightness of the supply and demand relationship with respect to the accumulated energy, the energy usage amount per unit time immediately before may be used as the usage information, but in that case it is temporarily high. If the energy usage is measured, a value that is not suitable for the actual usage may be used, while the energy usage per unit time from the time before the set time to the current time Since the average value is obtained, the tightness of the supply and demand relationship can be obtained as the information more suitable for the actual use situation, and the means suitable for carrying out claim 2 can be obtained.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the management means obtains the actual information of the energy usage amount per unit time for each of the plurality of types of accumulated energy, at the time of each day of the week. By managing in association with the above, the energy usage amount per unit time from the time point before the set time to the present time point, and the actual information of the past energy usage amount per unit time point obtained from the actual result information, It is configured to obtain the degree of tightness based on the above.

As the usage status of the above-mentioned stored energy, for example, in a general household, the usage amount is larger on Saturdays and Sundays than on other days.
In addition, if the usage in the morning or evening in a day is greater than the usage in the daytime, it is considered that the usage status is the same if each day of the week and the time are the same. Therefore, by adopting a configuration in which the degree of tightness is obtained based on the above-mentioned performance information, it becomes possible to obtain a more accurate degree of tightness, and a means suitable for carrying out claim 3 is obtained.

According to a fifth aspect, in the third or fourth aspect, the management means is configured to correct the obtained degree of tightness based on the current weather information.

The use status of the stored energy as described above may vary depending on weather information at the present time, for example, temperature and weather information. Therefore, the degree of tightness is determined based on the current weather information. By performing the correction, it is possible to obtain an appropriate degree of tightness that is more suitable for the actual situation, and it is possible to obtain a suitable means for carrying out claim 3 or 4.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the power processing means is a plurality of types of power processing units, and stores a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing for storing and storing the surplus power as different types of energy. The energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units,
Among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the selection condition information is one in which the energy storage amount is lower than a set upper limit value, and priority is given to one having a higher cost advantage of the energy. It is a condition to be selected, the management means, in the surplus power generation state, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage type power processing units is lower than a set upper limit value, and the cost It is characterized in that the higher the priority is, the more preferentially selected the power is selected, and the surplus power is managed by the selected power processing unit.

That is, a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units store and store surplus power as different types of energy, but the management means selects the power processing unit that processes the surplus power. Among a plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the one whose energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and whose cost advantage of the energy is higher is preferentially selected. In other words, the higher the cost advantage of energy, the more preferentially selected, the surplus power can always be processed in the cost advantageous state, which is advantageous in terms of cost. If the energy storage amount is larger than the set upper limit value, the power processing unit is excluded from the selection target. Therefore, if the energy storage amount is larger than the set upper limit value, the surplus power is used as energy. Excessive power is not unnecessarily supplied to those that do not need to be stored.

Therefore, it becomes possible to process the surplus power in an optimum state from the viewpoint of energy cost while corresponding to the current stored state of the stored energy in the power processing means, which is suitable for carrying out claim 1. Can be obtained.

According to a seventh aspect, in the first aspect, the power processing means is a plurality of types of power processing units, and stores a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing for storing and storing the surplus power as different types of energy. The energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units,
Among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the selection condition information is one in which the energy storage amount is lower than a set upper limit value, and priority is given to one having a lower environmental impact degree of the energy. It is a condition to be selected, the management means, in the surplus power generation state, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units is lower than a set upper limit value, and the environmental It is characterized in that those having a lower influence degree are preferentially selected and the surplus power is managed by the selected power processing unit so as to be processed.

The degree of environmental impact of energy indicates the degree of impact on the global environment, and is evaluated on the basis of a preset index based on, for example, emissions of air pollutants and consumption of natural resources. There are values to be set.

That is, the plural types of energy storage type power processing units store and store the surplus power as different types of energy, but the management means selects the power processing unit that processes the surplus power. Among a plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the one whose energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and the environmental impact degree of the energy is lower is preferentially selected.
In other words, since the energy with lower environmental impact is selected with priority, surplus power can be processed in a state where the environmental impact is always low, and the environmental impact is advantageous. There is an advantage to be. If the energy storage amount is larger than the set upper limit value, the power processing unit is excluded from the selection target. Therefore, if the energy storage amount is larger than the set upper limit value, the surplus power is used as energy. Excessive power is not unnecessarily supplied to those that do not need to be stored.

Therefore, it becomes possible to process the surplus power in an optimum state from the viewpoint of the degree of environmental impact, while corresponding to the current stored state of the stored energy in the power processing means. Suitable means are obtained.

According to an eighth aspect, in the first aspect, the power processing means serves as a plurality of types of power processing units, and stores a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing for storing and storing the surplus power as different types of energy. The energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units,
The supply and demand of which the selection condition information is obtained from the energy storage amount and the energy usage amount per unit time in the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the energy storage amount of which is lower than a set upper limit value. Regarding the degree of tightness in the power processing unit with the highest degree of tightness in the relationship, the determination value for comparison and determination obtained as a value that increases or decreases as the degree of tightness increases, among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the Regarding the cost advantage in the power processing unit where the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and the energy cost advantage is the highest, the higher the cost advantage is, the higher the tightness is, and the comparison is made. A discriminant value for comparison discrimination, which is obtained as a value that increases or decreases with the same tendency as a tendency to increase or decrease the discriminant value for discrimination, and the plurality of types of storage-type power processing. Among the parts, the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value, and the environmental impact degree in the power processing section in which the energy has the lowest environmental impact degree, the higher the environmental impact degree, the tighter the The higher the degree, the higher the degree of comparison discrimination is to increase or decrease the discrimination value, and the higher the degree of decrease, the higher the degree of tightness is. In the case of increasing the discriminant value of, the sum of three discriminant values for comparison discrimination corresponding to each of the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units is obtained, and the sum of the discriminant values corresponds to the maximum value. When a power processing unit is selected, and the discriminant value for comparison discrimination decreases as the degree of tightness increases, it is a condition for selecting the power processing unit corresponding to the one having the smallest sum value. The management means is In the surplus power generation state, among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value, and the higher the degree of tightness, the higher the determination value for comparison determination. In this case, the power processing unit corresponding to the one having the maximum sum of the three determination values for comparison and determination is selected, or the determination value for comparison and determination is decreased as the degree of tightness increases. In this case, the power processing unit corresponding to the one having the minimum sum of the three determination values for comparison and determination is selected, and the surplus power is managed by the selected power processing unit. It is characterized by being configured.

That is, among a plurality of types of storage-type electric power processing units, the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value, and the supply and demand relationship is obtained from the energy storage amount and the energy usage amount per unit time. Regarding the degree of tightness in the power processing unit having the highest degree of tightness, a discriminant value for comparison discrimination is obtained as a value that increases or decreases as the degree of tightness increases. Further, among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the energy storage amount thereof is lower than the set upper limit value, and the cost superiority of the energy processing unit with the highest cost superiority of the energy, The discriminant value for comparison / discrimination is obtained as a value that increases or decreases with the same tendency that the discriminant value for comparison / discrimination increases or decreases as the cost advantage is higher or the tightness is higher. Then, among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the energy storage amount thereof is lower than the set upper limit value, and the environmental impact level of the power processing unit having the lowest environmental impact level of the energy, The discriminant value for comparison / discrimination is obtained as a value that increases or decreases with a tendency opposite to the tendency of increasing or decreasing the discriminant value for comparison / discrimination as the degree of environmental impact is higher or the degree of stress is higher.

If the discriminant value for comparison discrimination is increased as the degree of tightness increases, the sum of three discriminant values for comparison discrimination corresponding to each of a plurality of storage-type power processing units is obtained. , If the power processing unit corresponding to the maximum value of the sum is selected, or if the discriminant value for comparison discrimination is reduced as the degree of tightness increases, the value of the sum becomes the minimum. The power processing unit corresponding to the selected power processing unit is selected, and the surplus power is processed by the selected power processing unit.

In this manner, the management means replaces the three selection conditions, which are different judgment criteria, with the judgment values for comparison and judgment of the same reference, which can be compared, and plural kinds of accumulation types are stored. Of the three comparison determination values corresponding to the respective power processing units, the most appropriate power processing unit is selected based on the value of the sum, and the surplus power is calculated by the power processing unit. Let it be processed.

Therefore, the optimum state is judged from the viewpoints of the energy supply / demand relationship, the energy cost, and the degree of environmental impact, while corresponding to the current stored state of the stored energy in the power processing means. Thus, it becomes possible to process the surplus power, and a suitable means for carrying out claim 1 can be obtained.

According to a ninth aspect, in the eighth aspect, the discriminant value for the comparative discrimination regarding the tightness, the discriminant value for the comparative discrimination regarding the cost superiority, and the environmental impact degree. It is configured such that the weighting for each of the determination values for comparison determination can be changed and set, and the management unit, in the selection of the power processing unit in the surplus power generation state, each determination value based on the set weighting. Is corrected, and the power processing unit is selected by comparing the corrected discriminant values.

That is, since the weighting for each of the three determination values for comparison and determination can be changed and set, the weighting of any one of the determination information that is prioritized by the user's determination can be increased. By appropriately changing the weighting according to the past usage record of the device, it becomes possible to process the surplus power in a more appropriate state, and a suitable means for implementing claim 8 can be obtained. .

According to a tenth aspect, in any one of the first to ninth aspects, the management means sets the selection condition information based on command information communicated from an external device connected through the communication means. It is characterized in that it can be freely changed and set.

That is, since the management means is configured to change and set the selection condition information by communicating command information from an external device connected via the communication means, for example, a power supply device is installed. The control configuration of the management means of the power supply device can be simplified by changing and setting the selection condition information by remote control from an external device installed at a location far away from the location.
Suitable means are provided for carrying out any of the above.

According to an eleventh aspect, in any one of the first to tenth aspects, the power processing means, as the plurality of types of power processing sections, heats the heat medium by supplying the surplus power. A heating means for accumulating and storing in the storage part as the stored energy, a raw material for power generation in the fuel cell is generated by an electrochemical process by supplying the surplus power, and the raw material is used as the stored energy. A raw material generating means for accumulating and storing in a storage part, a power storage means for storing the surplus power as it is as the storage energy, and a reverse flow means for reverse flow of the surplus power through a commercial power source. And

That is, when the surplus electric power is processed by the heating means, the heating medium such as hot water can be heated and accumulated and stored in the storage part, for example, can be supplied to the heat load of the hot water supply place, and the raw material can be generated. When the surplus power is processed by the means, a raw material for power generation in the fuel cell is generated by an electrochemical process,
The raw material can be accumulated and stored in the reservoir. By processing the surplus power by the power storage means, the surplus power can be stored as it is, and by processing the surplus power by the reverse power flow means, the surplus power can be reversely flowed through the commercial power source. In this way, the surplus power can be appropriately processed by any of the plurality of power processing units.
Suitable means for carrying out are obtained.

According to the twelfth aspect, in any one of the first to eleventh aspects, after the low voltage DC power output from the fuel cell is boosted to the high voltage DC power by the boost converter, the high voltage DC power is increased. It is configured to convert DC power to AC power by an inverter and output the AC power to the external power load, and to supply high-voltage DC power boosted by the boost converter to the power processing means. Is characterized by.

That is, after the low voltage DC power output from the fuel cell is boosted to the high voltage DC power by the boost converter, the high voltage DC power boosted by the boost converter is supplied to the power processing means. Therefore, for example, the surplus power can be appropriately processed in a state where the power loss is as small as possible, as compared with a configuration in which the power is converted into AC power by an inverter and then supplied to the power processing means. Suitable means for carrying out any of ~ 11 are obtained.

[0040]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Figure 1
The power supply device according to the present invention is shown in FIG. This power supply device outputs low-voltage DC power output from the fuel cell 1 to 2
The fuel cell 1 is configured to include a boost converter 2 that boosts DC power required to obtain a voltage of a commercial AC power source of 00 V, an inverter 3 that converts the boosted DC power into AC power, and the like. Inverter 3 is used to convert DC power to AC power to supply AC power to external power load 4.
When the output of the power supply device with respect to the external power load 4 is insufficient, the shortage can be compensated by the commercial power source, and the surplus power is returned to the commercial power source 35 side. It is also possible to sell electricity. As the external electric power load, general electric equipment which is assumed to be driven by a commercial AC power supply in a general home or an office is targeted.

This power supply device is also equipped with equipment for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell 1. That is, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, a fuel gas generation unit G that generates a fuel gas containing hydrogen gas from natural gas and supplies the fuel gas to the fuel cell 1.
S, a blower 21 that supplies air as an oxygen-containing gas to the fuel cell 1, and cooling water that is supplied to the fuel cell 1 to the fuel cell 1
A heat exchanger 22 for preheating the oxygen electrode side exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas passage 31 from the fuel cell 1, a heat exchanger 23 preheating the cooling water with the fuel electrode side exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 through the exhaust gas passage 32, and the like. It is provided. The fuel gas generation unit GS uses hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas as a hydrocarbon-based raw fuel gas by using natural gas supplied through a gas pipeline and steam generated from water supplied from the outside. Reformer 26 for performing reforming treatment into
Gas treatment part for converting carbon monoxide gas in the reforming treatment gas discharged from the carbon dioxide gas using steam to selectively oxidize carbon monoxide gas remaining in the transformation treatment gas 27, and is configured to generate a fuel gas having a low carbon monoxide gas content. Since the reforming reaction in the reformer 26 is an endothermic reaction, the reformer 26 is provided with a burner 26b for giving reaction heat.

In this power supply device, when the generated power of the fuel cell 1 is larger than the load power of the external power load 4, the power processing means D is provided for processing the surplus power. The power processing means D includes a plurality of types of power processing units having different power processing modes,
Further, depending on whether or not the load power of the external power load 4 is in a reverse power flow state larger than the power generated by the fuel cell 1,
A load detector 41 as a load power detecting means for detecting the magnitude of the load power of the external power load 4 is provided, and a system controller 12 as a managing means for managing the operation state of the entire apparatus controls the generated power of the fuel cell. In addition to managing the operating state so as to always maintain the preset value,
If the generated power of the fuel cell 1 is larger than the load power of the external power load 4, the surplus power is processed by the power processing means D.

Further, the power processing means D comprises a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units for storing and storing surplus power as different types of energy as a plurality of types of power processing units.

That is, when the fuel cell 1 has surplus power after supplying power to the external power load 4, the surplus power can be stored as DC power as an example of accumulated energy. A power storage device ES as a power storage unit that is one of the processing units is provided, and when the external power load 4 is large and the power generated by the fuel cell 1 is insufficient, the power storage device ES is provided to compensate for the shortage.
It is configured so that the DC power stored in can be converted to AC power by the inverter 3 and output to the outside. Although not described in detail, the electricity storage device ES is configured by serially connecting a number of lithium ion batteries that can be charged and have an inter-terminal voltage of about 3 to 4 volts, and always provide information such as charging voltage and temperature. The monitoring means KS is configured to monitor. The monitoring information by the monitoring means KS is input to the system controller 12, and the system controller 12 manages the operating states of the power storage device ES such as the charging operation and the discharging operation.

Further, a hot water storage tank 42 for storing hot water is provided, and the hot water stored in the tank is set at a preset temperature for storage by consuming excess power in the fuel cell. An electric heating device 40 (an example of heating means) whose power consumption for heating is changed and adjustable is provided, and a hot water storage tank 42 is provided with a hot water storage state detection device 43 for detecting a hot water storage state. . Specifically, the hot water storage state detection device 43 is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors corresponding to different water levels and detects the water levels and temperatures. The electric heating device 40 functions as an electric power processing unit that stores hot water heated using surplus electric power in the hot water storage tank 42 as accumulated energy. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 42 is used not only for supplying hot water to a hot water supply place for a bath as a heat load or to a general hot water supply place such as a hot water tap, but also for heating such as floor heating. The system controller 12 is also configured to input hot water usage conditions under these heat loads, for example, information about the amount of hot water used and detection information about the amount of hot water remaining in the hot water storage tank 42. In addition, from the fuel cell 1 to the drainage channel 3
The high-temperature drainage discharged through 3 is used for heating the stored water stored in the hot water storage tank 42. That is, the stored water stored in the hot water storage tank 42 is circulated through the heat exchanger 50 by the pump 49, and the stored water flowing through the heat exchanger 50 is discharged through the drainage channel 33. It is configured to be heated by the heat of. In this way, the exhaust heat generated from the fuel cell 1 is collected and supplied to the heat load.

Further, a hydrogen generator 44 (an example of a raw material generating means) for generating hydrogen as a raw material for power generation by electrolyzing water (an example of an electrochemical treatment) by utilizing surplus power of the fuel cell 1 is provided. A hydrogen storage device 45 is provided for storing the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generation device 44. The hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage unit 45 is used to generate a fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell 1 in place of the hydrogen gas obtained by reforming the natural gas as described above. That is, the hydrogen generator 44 functions as an electric power processing unit that stores and stores hydrogen as the raw material of the fuel cell 1 as the stored energy.
A hydrogen storage amount measuring device 46 for measuring the storage amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 45 is provided, and the storage amount information of the stored hydrogen is also input to the system controller 12.

In a fully charged state in which the charge capacity of the electricity storage device ES is equal to or more than a set amount as a set upper limit value, the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 42 is equal to or more than a set hot water storage amount (set upper limit value), and electric heating is performed. When hot water supply by the device 40 is not required and the hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage device 45 is equal to or greater than the set storage amount (set upper limit value), that is, these 3
When the surplus power cannot be processed by one power processing means D, the DC power output from the fuel cell 1 is converted into AC power by the inverter 3 and the AC power is supplied to the external power load 4, while The surplus power can be processed by performing reverse power flow processing in which the surplus power is reversely flown to the commercial power source 35 side that is grid-connected by the grid connection device 34 as the reverse power flow means to sell the power. ing.

Further, as apparent from FIG. 1, the high-voltage DC power boosted by the boost converter 2 is configured to be supplied to the power processing means D, and any one of a plurality of types of power processing units. In order to be able to selectively supply the surplus power to one or a plurality of them, the surplus power switching means 48 composed of three semiconductor switches 47 from the power supply path 7 carries out the above power processing. It is configured so that electric power can be intermittently supplied to the section. The surplus power switching means 48 is configured to be switched based on a command from the system controller 12.

Then, the system controller 12 is configured to manage the surplus power to be processed by the power processing means D when the surplus power generation state in which the power generated by the fuel cell 1 is larger than the load power is generated. Has been done. That is, the present condition information indicating the present condition of each of the plurality of types of power processing units, and the selection condition for selecting the one of the plurality of types of power processing units that processes the surplus power is selected in advance with reference to the current state information. Based on the set selection condition information that has been set, a power processing unit that processes the surplus power is selected, and the selected power processing unit is configured to manage the surplus power so as to be processed. , The energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units, and the selection condition information is that the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value among the plurality of types of storage type power processing units. It is a condition that the higher the tightness of the supply and demand relationship obtained from the energy storage amount and the average value of the energy usage per unit time, the higher the priority, and the condition that the surplus electricity is generated. In the above, among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the one whose energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and whose degree of tightness is higher is preferentially selected, and the selected power processing unit is selected. It is configured to manage surplus power to be processed by a part. Further, as the energy usage amount per unit time in the selection condition information, an average value of the energy usage amount per unit time from the time point before the set time to the present time is obtained.

Furthermore, the actual result information of the average value of the energy usage amount per unit time for each of a plurality of types of accumulated energy is managed in association with the time on each day of the week, and the preset time The average value of the energy consumption per unit time from the time point of to and the present time, and the degree of tightness based on the actual information of the average value of the energy consumption per unit time in the past obtained at the present time obtained from the actual information It is configured to obtain, and is configured to correct the obtained degree of tightness based on the current weather information.

Next, management control by the system controller 12 will be described with reference to a flowchart. As shown in FIG. 2, the system controller 12 is
First, the process of collecting the detection information in each unit as described above is executed (step 1), and the operation state is controlled so that the fuel cell 1 outputs the generated power of the preset set value (step 2). ). As described above, the power generation output of the fuel cell 1 is always maintained at the set value. However, the magnitude of the load power in the external power load 4 is, for example, as shown in FIG. Since the generated power of the fuel cell 1 may become larger or smaller than the load power depending on such a change of the load power, the generated power of the fuel cell 1 may be the load power. If it is smaller than this, the generated electric power of the fuel cell 1 is insufficient, and therefore the insufficient electric power is output from the power storage device (steps 3 and 4).

When the generated power of the fuel cell 1 is larger than the load power, surplus power is generated. At this time, when the stored energy is equal to or more than the set upper limit value, more is stored. Since it is not possible to judge, it is judged whether the accumulated amount is more than the set upper limit value,
Based on the result of the determination, the selection condition in the selection process described later is changed and set. That is, based on the measurement result of the hydrogen storage amount measuring device 46, if the storage amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device 45 exceeds the set upper limit value and is close to full, no more hydrogen is generated. Since it cannot be stored, the surplus power in the hydrogen generator 44 is not processed in that case. Specifically, a predetermined coefficient "a" corresponding to the hydrogen generation process when executing the selection process based on the calculation process described later is set to zero (steps 5 and 6). Further, based on the monitoring information by the monitoring means KS, if the charge capacity of the power storage device ES is equal to or higher than the set upper limit value and the battery is fully charged, the power storage device ES cannot be charged any more. The processing of the surplus power in the power storage device ES is not performed. Specifically, a predetermined coefficient “b” corresponding to the power storage process when executing the selection process based on the calculation process described later is set to zero (step 7.8). Similarly, based on the detection information of the hot water storage state detection device 43, if the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 42 exceeds the upper limit and the temperature thereof also exceeds the upper limit, no more hot water is provided. Since it is not possible to heat and supply the hot water, the heating device 40 does not process the surplus electric power in that case. Specifically, a predetermined coefficient "c" corresponding to the hot water storage process when executing the selection process based on the calculation process described later is set to zero (steps 9 and 10).

The energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value, and the higher the tightness of the supply and demand relationship obtained from the energy storage amount and the average value of the energy usage amount per unit time, the higher the priority is. Based on the condition to be selected, a selection process that determines a power processing mode that meets the selection condition is executed (step 11), and the surplus power of the fuel cell 1 is removed by the power processing means D corresponding to the defined power processing mode. It is designed to be consumed (step 12).

Explaining the selection process in detail, the system controller obtains the ratios of the coefficients a, b, and c such that "Ys" in the following [Equation 1] is minimized, and according to the ratios. , Hydrogen storage amount measuring device 4
6, the power storage device ES, the heating device 40 distributes and distributes surplus power. However, when the coefficient is set to zero in steps 6, 8 and 10, the corresponding coefficient is substituted as zero and processed, and the surplus power is not supplied. When the amount of accumulated energy is not tight and there is no energy conversion destination, the coefficient d is calculated so as to satisfy the condition of [Equation 2], and the electric power corresponding to this coefficient d flows backward. .

[0055]

[Formula 1] Ys = a × Hs + b × Bs + c × Qs

[0056]

[Equation 2] a + b + c + d = 1 (however, a, b, c, d ≧ 0)

Here, "a" is a coefficient related to the hydrogen storage amount, "b" is a coefficient related to the stored amount,
“C” is a coefficient related to stored hot water, and “d” is a coefficient related to reverse power flow. However, the hydrogen storage 45 and the power storage device E as the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units are provided.
Since the S and hot water storage tanks 42 each have a limit in surplus power processing capability, the coefficients a, b, and c are respectively
The upper limit (aMAX, bMAX, cMAX) is set,
I try not to make it more than that. That is, a
MAX ≧ a ≧ 0, bMAX ≧ b ≧ 0, cMAX ≧ c ≧
Each coefficient is set to be 0. However, since there is no limit to the processing capacity for reverse power flow, no upper limit is set for the coefficient “d”.

At this time, the energy consumption per unit time for each of a plurality of types of accumulated energy, that is, hydrogen to be stored, electric power stored in the electricity storage device ES, and hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 42. The actual value information of the average value is managed in association with the time on each day of the week, and the average value of the energy usage amount per unit time from the time point before the set time to the present time point, and the actual result information. It is configured to obtain the degree of tightness based on the actual information of the average value of the past energy consumption per unit time obtained more, and based on the current weather information,
I am trying to correct the tightness that I asked for. In particular,
The forecast of the supply and demand situation is corrected based on the information such as the day of the week, the temperature, the weather, etc. based on the transition within the past 24 hours and the supply and demand record for the past week. This is because these conditions are factors that change the amount of power used.

That is, “Hs” in [Equation 1] represents information on the degree of tightness in supply and demand related to the hydrogen storage amount, and “Bs” represents information on the degree of tightness in supply and demand related to the amount of electricity stored in the electricity storage device ES. “Qs” represents information on the tightness of the supply and demand relationship regarding the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 42. Then, the tightness of the supply and demand relationship with respect to the hydrogen storage amount, that is, “Hs” in [Equation 1], as shown in [Equation 3] below, is a supply and demand forecast function Fh based on a transition within the past 24 hours, and a past one week. It is configured to be calculated by the demand-supply forecast correction function Gh based on the demand-supply record. Here, in [Equation 3], "D" indicates day of week information, "T" indicates temperature information, and "W" indicates weather information.
Further, “Hsn” is a value obtained by dividing the current hydrogen storage amount by the average value of the hydrogen usage amount per unit time within the past 24 hours, and if the current hydrogen storage amount is lower than the set lower limit value. “Hsn” is set to zero. “Hsp” is a value obtained by dividing the current hydrogen storage amount by the average value of the hydrogen use amount per unit at the same time in the past week, and the current hydrogen storage amount is lower than the set lower limit value. For example, "Hsp" is set to zero. If the average value of the amount of hydrogen used per unit time within the past 24 hours is zero, the coefficient a is set to zero. However, the storage amount is lower than the set lower limit value, "Hsn", "Hsn"
Except when "p" is set to zero.

[0060]

[Equation 3] Hs = Fh (Hsn, Hsp) + Gh (D, T, W)

As the supply and demand forecast function Fh and the demand and supply forecast correction function Gh, for example, simple formulas such as the following [Equation 4] and [Equation 5] can be used.

[0062]

## EQU4 ## Fh (Hsn, Hsp) = 0.7 × Hsn +
0.3 x Hsp

[0063]

[Equation 5] Gh (D, T, W) = Fh × (30−T) × 0.01

Although the correction processing for "Hs" in [Equation 1] has been described, "Bs" and "Qs" are similarly corrected as shown in [Equation 6] and [Equation 7] below. It is like this.

[0065]

[Equation 6] Bs = Fb (Bsn, Bsp) + Gb (D, T, W)

[0066]

[Equation 7] Qs = Fq (Qsn, Qsp) + Gq (D, T, W)

"Bsn" in the above [Equation 6] is a value obtained by dividing the current amount of electricity stored in the electricity storage device ES by the average value of the amount of electricity used per unit time within the past 24 hours. If the charged amount of the device ES is lower than the set lower limit value, “Bsn” is set to zero. Further, “Bsp” is a value obtained by dividing the current amount of electricity stored in the power storage device ES by the average value of the amount of electricity used per unit time at the same time in the past week, and is the current amount of electricity stored in the power storage device ES. If is lower than the set lower limit value, "Bsp" is set to zero. If the average value of the amount of electricity used per unit time within the past 24 hours is zero, the coefficient b is set to zero. However, the case where the charged amount is lower than the set lower limit value and "Bsn" and "Bsp" are set to zero is excluded. “Qsn” in the above [Formula 7] is the current hot water storage tank 42.
It is a value obtained by dividing the amount of hot water stored in the hot water in the hot water storage tank 42 by the average value of the amount of hot water used per unit time within the past 24 hours. “Qsn” is set to zero. Further, “Qsp” is a value obtained by dividing the current hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank 42 by the average value of the hot water usage amount per unit at the same time in the past week, and is the current hot water storage tank 42. If the stored amount of hot water is lower than the set lower limit value, “Qsp” is set to zero. If the average value of the amount of hot water used per unit time within the past 24 hours is zero, the coefficient c is set to zero. However, the case where the charged amount is lower than the set lower limit value and "Bsn" and "Bsp" are set to zero is excluded.

As described above, the ratios of the coefficients a, b, c, d that minimize the "Ys" in [Formula 1] while satisfying the condition of [Formula 2] are obtained, and the ratios thereof are calculated. According to the above, the surplus power is distributed and distributed.

As is clear from the above description, among a plurality of power processing forms, the higher the degree of tightness of the supply and demand relationship with the stored energy stored and stored, the larger the coefficient, and the larger the coefficient. The surplus power is processed by dividing the power processing unit so that the power processing unit becomes large. In steps 6, 8 and 10, the coefficient a,
If b and c are all zero, reverse power flow processing is performed in which all surplus power is reversely flown from the interconnection device 34 to the commercial power supply 35 side to sell the power.

[Second Embodiment] In this embodiment, except for the point that the processing content of the selection processing that determines the power processing mode by the system controller 12 is different,
Since it is similar to the case of the first embodiment, only different configurations will be described, and description of other configurations will be omitted. That is, in the first embodiment, the actual information of the average value of the energy usage amount per unit time for each of the plurality of types of accumulated energy is managed in association with the time on each day of the week, and Based on the average value of the energy usage amount per unit time from the time before the set time to the present time, and the actual value information of the average value of the past energy usage amount per unit time at the present time obtained from the actual performance information Although the degree of tightness is obtained and the obtained degree of tightness is corrected based on the current weather information, it is also possible to make a determination based only on the current supply and demand state without performing such a correction. In other words, as “Hs” in [Equation 1] in the first embodiment, a value obtained by dividing the current hydrogen storage amount by the average value of the hydrogen usage amount per unit time within the past 24 hours is used as “Bs”. Is used as a value obtained by dividing the current amount of electricity stored in the electricity storage device by the average value of the amount of electricity used per unit time within the past 24 hours, and as “Qs”, the hot water in the hot water storage tank 42 at present. Storage amount of the past 2
As a configuration using a value obtained by dividing by the average value of the amount of hot water used per unit time within 4 hours, the coefficients a, b, c are set so that Ys of [Equation 1] is minimized while satisfying [Equation 2]. , D
Is calculated and the surplus power is distributed and supplied according to the ratio. Further, from the configuration of the first embodiment, the configuration may be such that only the degree of tightness based on the current weather information is not corrected.

[Third Embodiment] In this embodiment, other configurations are the same except that the processing content of the selection processing that determines the power processing mode by the system controller 12 is different.
Since it is similar to the case of the first embodiment, only different configurations will be described, and description of other configurations will be omitted.

That is, in this embodiment, the system controller 12 is
Among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the one whose energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and has a higher cost advantage is preferentially selected, and the selected power processing unit is selected. In this configuration, the surplus power is managed so as to be processed.

More specifically, the following processing is executed in the selection processing in step 11 of the first embodiment. That is, the coefficient a such that “Yc” in [Equation 8] is minimized while satisfying the following [Equation 9],
The ratio of b, c, and d is obtained, and the surplus power is distributed and distributed according to the ratio. However,
When the coefficient is set to zero in steps 6, 8 and 10, the corresponding coefficient is substituted as zero and processed, and the surplus power is not supplied in the first embodiment. It is similar to the form.

[0074]

[Equation 8] Yc = a × Hc + b × Bc + c × Qc + d × Ec

[0075]

[Equation 9] a + b + c + d = 1 (however, a, b, c, d ≧ 0)

Here, "Hc" is the cost merit when the same amount of hydrogen is generated from the natural gas in the reformer, instead of generating hydrogen with the surplus power, and "Bc".
Is the cost merit of purchasing the same amount of power from a commercial power source instead of storing it in the power storage unit with unit surplus power,
“Qc” is the cost advantage of making the same amount of hot water with a boiler that uses natural gas as fuel, instead of making hot water in the hot water storage tank with unit surplus power, and “Ec” is selling unit surplus power. It is a negative value because the power company usually purchases it at the cost of electricity.

Then, the ratios of the coefficients a, b, c, d that minimize the "Yc" in the [Equation 8] while satisfying the condition of the [Equation 9] are obtained, and according to the ratios, Since the surplus power is distributed and distributed and supplied, the surplus power can be processed in a state where the cost generated when operating the system can be minimized among a plurality of power processing modes. As a result, the higher the cost advantage is, the more preferentially selected the power is selected and the surplus power is managed by the selected power processing unit.

[Fourth Embodiment] In this embodiment, except for the point that the processing content of the selection processing that determines the power processing mode by the system controller 12 is different,
Since it is similar to the case of the first embodiment, only different configurations will be described, and description of other configurations will be omitted.

That is, in this embodiment, in the surplus power generation state, the system controller 12 has the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units lower than the set upper limit value, and the environment. It is configured such that the lower the degree of physical influence, the more preferentially selected is selected, and the surplus power is managed by the selected power processing unit.

More specifically, the following processing is executed in the selection processing in step 11 of the first embodiment. That is, the ratios of the coefficients a, b, c, and d such that “Yc” in [Formula 10] is minimized while satisfying the following [Formula 11] are obtained, and among these ratios,
The power processing unit having the largest coefficient is selected to supply the surplus power. However, steps 6, 8, 10
In the case where the coefficient is set to zero, the corresponding coefficient is substituted as zero and processed, and the surplus power is not supplied as in the first embodiment.

[0081]

[Equation 10] Ye = a × He + b × Be + c × Qe + d × Ee

[0082]

[Equation 11] a + b + c + d = 1 (however, a, b, c, d ≧ 0)

Here, "He" is a value obtained by subtracting the environmental load when hydrogen is produced by the hydrogen generator 44 with surplus power from the environmental load when reforming natural gas to produce hydrogen, " “Be” is a value obtained by subtracting the environmental load when the power storage device is charged and discharged from the environmental load when power is generated at the power plant, and “Qe” is the surplus power from the environmental load when heat is generated in the boiler. “Ee” is a value obtained by subtracting the environmental load when the fuel cell is generated from the environmental load when the power is generated at the power plant. Incidentally, the environmental load is a value evaluated based on a preset index based on, for example, the emission amount of air pollutants or the consumption amount of natural resources, and is an index value indicating the degree of influence on the global environment.

Then, the ratios of the coefficients a, b, c, and d that minimize the "Ye" in [Equation 10] while satisfying the condition of [Equation 11] are obtained, and the ratios are determined according to the ratios. Since the surplus power is distributed and distributed and supplied, the surplus power is processed in a state in which the environmental load when the system is operated is minimized among a plurality of power processing modes.

[Fifth Embodiment] In this embodiment, other configurations are the same except that the processing content of the selection processing that determines the power processing mode by the system controller 12 is different.
Since it is similar to the case of the first embodiment, only different configurations will be described, and description of other configurations will be omitted.

That is, in this embodiment, the system controller 12 executes the processing as follows. Among the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units, the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value, and the tightness of the supply and demand relationship obtained from the energy storage amount and the energy usage amount per unit time is the most. Regarding the degree of tightness in the high power processing unit, the judgment value for comparison discrimination, which is obtained as a value that increases as the tightness becomes higher, the energy storage amount of the multiple types of storage type power processing units is higher than the set upper limit value. Low,
In addition, regarding the cost advantage in the power processing unit having the highest cost advantage of the energy, the determination value for comparison determination, which is obtained as a value that increases as the cost advantage increases, and a plurality of types of accumulation type Of the power processing unit,
The energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value, and
Regarding the environmental impact degree in the power processing unit having the lowest environmental impact degree of the energy, there are three discriminant values for comparative discriminant value, that is, a discriminant value for comparative discriminant obtained as a value that decreases as the environmental impact degree becomes higher. The sum of the discriminant values for the three comparison discriminations is obtained, the power processing unit corresponding to the one having the maximum sum is selected, and the surplus power is processed by the selected power processing unit. It is a management configuration.

Moreover, the judgment value for comparison and judgment regarding the degree of tightness, the judgment value for comparison and judgment regarding the cost advantage, and the judgment value for comparison and judgment regarding the degree of environmental impact are respectively described. The weighting can be changed and set, and the system controller 12 corrects each of the determination values based on the weighting set in the selection of the power processing unit in the surplus power generation state,
The power processing unit is selected by comparing the corrected discriminant values.

More specifically, in the selection process of step 11 of the first embodiment, the following process is executed. That is, the same processing as the processing of obtaining the ratio of the coefficients such that “Ys” in [Equation 1] is minimized in the first embodiment, and “Yc” in [Equation 8] in the third embodiment is minimized. Each of the same processing as the processing for obtaining the coefficient ratio, and the processing similar to the processing for obtaining the coefficient ratio that minimizes “Ye” in [Equation 10] in the fourth embodiment, The ratio of the coefficients that maximizes "Yt" in [Equation 12] while satisfying the following [Equation 13] is obtained.

[0089]

[Formula 12] Yt = A × Ys + B × Yc + C × Ye

[0090]

[Equation 13] A + B + C = 1 (however, A, B, C ≧ 0)

Here, A, B, and C are weighting coefficients for indicating the above-mentioned weighting of the degree of tightness, the cost advantage, and the environmental impact with respect to the stored energy. In other words, when giving priority to the degree of tightness of stored energy in the three processing modes, the weight of "A" is increased, and when giving priority to cost advantage, the weight of "B" is increased. When giving priority to the degree of environmental influence, the weight of the above "C" is increased. It should be noted that such a weighting coefficient is set in advance when the operation of the power supply device is executed, and can be changed and set as appropriate in accordance with the operation status and the like.

In addition, the ratios of coefficients as, bs, cs, ds and the “Y” that minimize the “Ys” are added.
The ratios of coefficients ac, bc, cc, such that "c" is minimized
dc and the ratios ae, be, ce, de of the coefficients that minimize the “Ye” are obtained. The ratios as, bs, c of the coefficients such that the “Ys” is minimized.
s and ds correspond to the discriminant value for the comparison discrimination regarding the degree of tightness, and the ratio a of the coefficients such that the “Yc” becomes the minimum
c, bc, cc, and dc correspond to the discriminant value for comparison and discrimination regarding the cost advantage, and the coefficient ratios ae, be, ce, and de such that the “Ye” is the minimum are the environmental impact degrees. Corresponding to the discriminant value for comparison discrimination. Then, with respect to the ratio of the coefficients weighted to the discriminant values, a sum is obtained in a state of being associated with each of a plurality of types of storage-type power processing units (see the above-mentioned formulas 14 to 17), and the sum value The surplus power is supplied by selecting the power processing unit corresponding to the one having the maximum. That is, [Equation 14]
[Mathematical formula-see original document] a, b, c, and d correspond to the sum of the three determination values for comparison determination corresponding to each of the plurality of storage-type power processing units.

[0093]

## EQU14 ## a = A × as + B × ac + C × ae

[0094]

B = A × bs + B × bc + C × be

[0095]

## EQU16 ## c = A × cs + B × cc + C × ce

[0096]

D = A × ds + B × dc + C × de

In the present embodiment, when the discriminant value for each comparison discrimination is obtained, it is obtained as a value that increases as the degree of tightness increases, and also as a value that increases as the cost advantage increases, thereby determining the environmental impact. The power processing unit corresponding to the highest discriminant value among the respective discriminant values for comparison and discrimination is selected as the configuration for obtaining the value that decreases as the degree increases, but instead of such a configuration, It may be configured as follows. That is, when obtaining the discriminant value for each of the above comparison discrimination, the value is determined as a value that decreases as the degree of tightness increases, and the value that decreases as the cost advantage increases,
As a configuration for obtaining a value that increases as the environmental impact degree increases, a configuration may be adopted in which the power processing unit corresponding to the lowest determination value among the determination values for each comparison determination is selected. In this case, with respect to the ratio of the above coefficients, the sum is calculated in a state of being associated with each of the plurality of power processing units, and the power processing unit corresponding to the one with the smallest value of the sum is selected to supply the surplus power. Of.

[Other Embodiments] Other embodiments will be listed below.

(1) In the first and second embodiments,
As the energy usage amount per unit time in the selection condition information, the average value of the energy usage amount per unit time from the time point before the set time to the present time is obtained, but the invention is not limited to such a configuration. The configuration may be such that only the amount of energy used per unit time immediately before is used.

(2) In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the ratio of the coefficients such that the above-described conditions are satisfied is obtained, and the one whose ratio is not zero is selected, and the surplus is calculated according to the ratio. Although the power is distributed and the power is distributed and supplied to the plurality of power processing units, the structure is not limited to such a structure, and the power is distributed to all the power processing units whose ratio is not zero, and the coefficient is on the large side. A configuration in which only the set number is selected and surplus power is distributed and supplied may be adopted.

(3) In the fifth embodiment described above, the sum of the comparison discriminant values obtained from the viewpoints of the tightness of the supply and demand relationship, the cost priority, and the environmental impact is calculated, and the sum is the maximum. Alternatively, the minimum power processing unit is selected, but the surplus power may be distributed to a plurality of power processing units based on the value of such a sum, depending on their size.

(4) In the above embodiment, the power supply device has a configuration in which all the operations are managed by the system controller as the management means provided therein. However, instead of such a configuration, the system controller For example, the selection condition information may be freely set based on command information transmitted from an external device connected via a communication means such as a dedicated communication line or the Internet.
For example, with respect to the power supply device installed in a general home, an external device is provided as a management server for the manufacturer of the power supply device to manage the operating state of the power supply device based on the instruction of a specialized maintenance staff. It may have any configuration.

(5) In the above-described embodiment, as a plurality of types of power processing units, an electric heating device, a hydrogen generation device 44 for generating and storing the raw material (hydrogen) for power generation in the fuel cell, and the surplus power are stored. Although the power storage device for storing power as it is and the reverse power flow means for reverse power flow of surplus power through the commercial power supply are provided, at least two or more of them may be provided, which is different from the above. It may include a power processing unit having the power processing mode of.

(6) In the above embodiment, the lithium ion battery was used as the power storage device, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various types such as a lead storage battery, a nickel-cadmium storage battery, a nickel-hydrogen storage battery can be used.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power supply device.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of control operation

FIG. 3 is a time chart showing changes in generated power and load power.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 fuel cell 2 boost converter 3 inverter 12 Management means 34 Reverse flow means 40 heating means 41 Load power detection means 44 Raw Material Generating Means D power processing means ES power storage means

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    F-term (reference) 5G066 HA30 HB07 HB08 HB09 JA07                       JB03 JB06                 5H027 AA02 BA01 BA11 DD03 DD06                       MM27

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A fuel cell for supplying generated electric power to an external electric power load, and electric power processing means for processing surplus electric power when the electric power generated by the fuel cell is larger than the load electric power supplied to the external electric power load, Load power detection means for detecting the magnitude of the load power, and management means for managing the operating states of the fuel cell and the power processing means, the management means, the generated power of the fuel cell is the load power A power supply device configured to manage the surplus power so that the surplus power is processed by the power processing unit if the surplus power generation state is larger, and the power processing unit has a different power processing form. A plurality of types of power processing units, the management unit, in the surplus power generation state, current information indicating the current state of each of the plurality of types of power processing unit, and Based on selection condition information preset as a selection condition for selecting the one that processes the surplus power among a plurality of types of power processing units with reference to the current information, the power that processes the surplus power. A power supply device configured to select a processing unit and manage the surplus power to be processed by the selected power processing unit. 2. The power processing means includes a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units that store and store the surplus power as different types of energy as a plurality of types of power processing units. Is the energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units, the selection condition information, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage type power processing unit is set upper limit The value is lower than the value, and the condition that the higher the tightness of the supply and demand relationship obtained from the energy storage amount and the energy usage amount per unit time is, the higher priority is selected, and the management means is the surplus power. In the generation state, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units that is lower than the set upper limit value and that has a higher degree of tightness is superior. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply device is selected in advance and managed to process surplus power by the selected power processing unit. 3. The management means obtains the average value of the energy usage amount per unit time from the time point before the set time to the present time as the energy usage amount per unit time in the selection condition information. The power supply device according to claim 2, which is configured. 4. The management means manages the actual information of the energy usage amount per unit time for each of the plurality of types of accumulated energy in association with the time on each day of the week, and sets the setting. To determine the degree of tightness based on the energy usage amount per unit time from the time point before the time to the present time point, and the past performance information of the energy usage amount per unit time in the past obtained from the performance information The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the power supply device is configured as follows. 5. The power supply device according to claim 3, wherein the management unit is configured to correct the obtained degree of tightness based on current weather information. 6. The power processing means is configured to include, as a plurality of types of power processing units, a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units that store and store the surplus power as different types of energy. Is the energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units, the selection condition information, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage type power processing unit is set upper limit The value is lower than the value, and it is a condition to preferentially select one having higher energy cost advantage, and the management means, in the surplus power generation state, the plurality of types of storage type power. Of the processing units, the one whose energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and has the higher cost advantage is selected with priority, and the selected power processing unit The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power supply is configured to manage excess power for processing. 7. The power processing means is configured to include, as a plurality of types of power processing units, a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units that store and store the surplus power as different types of energy. Is the energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units, the selection condition information, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage type power processing unit is set upper limit The value is lower than the value, and the lower the environmental impact of the energy is, the lower the condition is to preferentially select, and the management unit, in the surplus power generation state, the plurality of types of storage-type power. Of the processing units, the one whose energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and the environmental impact degree is lower is preferentially selected, and the surplus is selected by the selected power processing unit. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power supply is configured to manage power for processing. 8. The power processing means includes a plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units that store and store the surplus power as different types of energy, as a plurality of types of power processing units. Is the energy storage amount for each of the plurality of types of energy storage type power processing units, the selection condition information, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage type power processing unit is set upper limit The degree of tightness in the power processing unit, which is lower than the value and has the highest degree of tightness in the supply and demand relationship obtained from the amount of energy stored and the amount of energy used per unit time, increases or decreases as the degree of tightness increases or decreases. A discriminant value for comparison and discrimination to be obtained, the energy storage amount of the plurality of types of storage-type power processing units is lower than a set upper limit value, and Regarding the cost advantage of the electric power processing unit with the highest cost advantage of Rugie, the higher the cost advantage and the higher the tightness, the same tendency as the tendency to increase or decrease the discriminant value for comparison discrimination. The discriminant value for comparison discrimination to be obtained as a value that increases or decreases, and the energy storage amount of the plural types of storage-type power processing units is lower than the set upper limit value, and the environmental Regarding the environmental impact degree in the power processing unit having the lowest impact degree, the higher the environmental impact degree, the higher the degree of tightness, the tendency to increase or decrease with the tendency opposite to the tendency to increase or decrease the discrimination value for comparison or When a determination value for comparison determination is obtained as a decreasing value and the determination value for comparison determination is increased as the degree of tightness increases, the plurality of types of storage-type power processing The sum of three discriminant values for comparison and discrimination corresponding to each of the processing units is calculated, and the power processing unit corresponding to the one having the maximum value of the sum is selected. In the case of decreasing the discriminant value, it is a condition to select the power processing unit corresponding to the one with the smallest sum value, and the management means stores the plurality of types of accumulation in the surplus power generation state. In the case where the energy storage amount is lower than the set upper limit value and the degree of tightness is higher in the power processing unit of the mold, the determination value for the comparison determination is increased. When the power processing unit corresponding to the one having the maximum sum of the discriminant values is selected, or the discriminant value for the comparative discriminant is decreased as the degree of tightness increases, the discriminant value for the three comparative discriminants is selected. The power treatment corresponding to the one with the smallest sum of values. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply unit is configured to select a processing unit and manage the surplus power to be processed by the selected power processing unit. 9. A discriminant value for comparison / discrimination regarding the degree of tightness, a discriminant value for comparison / discrimination regarding the cost advantage, and a discriminant value for comparison / discrimination regarding the environmental impact degree, respectively. Weighting can be changed and set, and the management unit corrects each determination value based on the set weighting in the selection of the power processing unit in the surplus power generation state, and each corrected determination The power supply device according to claim 8, wherein the power processing unit is selected by comparing the values. 10. The management means, based on command information communicated from an external device connected via the communication means,
The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the selection condition information is configured to be changeable. 11. The power processing means, as the plurality of types of power processing sections, heats a heat medium by supplying the surplus power,
A heating unit that stores and stores the stored energy in the storage unit, generates a raw material for power generation in the fuel cell by an electrochemical process when the surplus power is energized, and stores the raw material as the stored energy. A raw material generating means for accumulating and storing in a unit, a power storage means for storing the surplus power as the storage energy as it is, and a reverse flow means for reverse flow of the surplus power through a commercial power source. The power supply device according to claim 10. 12. A low voltage DC power output from the fuel cell is boosted to a high voltage DC power by a step-up converter, and the high voltage DC power is converted to an AC power by an inverter, and the external power load. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the power supply device is configured to output the high-voltage DC power boosted by the boost converter to the power processing unit.