JP2003148357A - Displacement detecting device for variable displacement type compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a displacement detecting device capable of detecting delivery displacement of a variable displacement type compressor in simple constitution in which types of applicable variable displacement compressors are not largely limited. SOLUTION: In a piston 25, a tapered surface 36a to be detected is formed in the direction of an axial line S of it. On the side of the piston 25, a contactless type position detecting sensor 51 is disposed to face the tapered surface 36a. The position detecting sensor 51 detects distance L to the tapered surface 36a (at a point K to be detected) which gets closer to/apart from it in accordance with change of the stroke of the piston 25. An air conditioner ECU 61 grasps the delivery displacement of the compressor based on detected distance information L from the position detecting sensor 51.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a variable displacement compressor whose discharge capacity can be changed by changing the stroke of a piston, and more particularly to a variable displacement compressor for detecting the discharge capacity. Regarding a detection device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a variable displacement compressor (hereinafter referred to as a compressor) used in a vehicle air conditioner is driven by an engine which is a driving source of a vehicle. Therefore, for example, in order to stably perform the idling control of the engine, it is necessary to grasp the load torque of the compressor (the torque required to drive the compressor).

Therefore, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-31168
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 5, a capacity detection device for detecting the discharge capacity of the compressor, which has a correlation with the load torque of the compressor, is proposed. That is, in the technique of this publication,
By detecting the top dead center position of the piston with a non-contact type position detection sensor, the discharge capacity of the compressor is grasped.

It is useful to know the discharge capacity of the compressor in terms of air conditioning, that is, to obtain a good air conditioning feeling, for example.

[0005]

However, as described in the above publication, the non-contact type position detection sensor has a simple capacitance detection structure, but has a very narrow detection range. The application is limited to the detection of the top dead center position, which has less fluctuation than the stroke change of the piston. Therefore, for a compressor of the type in which the top dead center position of the piston does not change even if the stroke of the piston changes,
An object to be detected is arranged on the piston side, and a long detector is arranged on the housing side along the reciprocating direction of the piston (for example, JP-A-2-173364 and JP-A-5-17364).
A large-capacity detection device having a complicated structure such as the technology disclosed in JP-A-340353) has been required.

An object of the present invention is to detect the discharge capacity of a variable displacement compressor with a simple structure, and the type of the applicable variable displacement compressor is not limited to a large extent. To provide.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention of claim 1, a position detection sensor is arranged on the side of the piston, and the piston detects the position detection sensor by its reciprocating motion. Is formed on the front side (the side in which the position detection sensor measures the distance) of the vehicle. Therefore, the detection target point, which is a portion directly facing the position detection sensor on the detected surface, is sequentially changed on the detected surface according to the reciprocating motion of the piston.

Further, the detected surface is constructed so that the detection target point comes close to and away from the position detection sensor due to the stroke change of the piston. Therefore, by detecting the distance to the surface to be detected (point to be detected) by the position detection sensor, it becomes possible to grasp the stroke of the piston and hence the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor from this detected distance information. .

According to this configuration, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-1
It is not necessary to dispose the object to be detected on the piston side as in the techniques of Japanese Patent No. 73364 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-340353, and it is necessary to dispose a long detector on the housing side along the reciprocating direction of the piston. Nor. Therefore, the configuration of the capacitance detection device can be simplified and downsized.

Further, instead of directly measuring the stroke of the piston, the stroke change of the piston is converted into a distance change in the direction intersecting with the axis of the piston by the surface to be detected, and this is detected by the position detection sensor. There is. Therefore, the change in the distance between the detected surface and the position detection sensor can be set smaller than the change in the stroke of the piston. In this way, for example, even if the position detection sensor has a narrow detection allowable range, it is possible to reliably grasp the fluctuation of the bottom dead center position of the piston, and the top dead center position of the piston fluctuates even when the stroke of the piston changes. It can be easily applied to variable capacity compressors that do not.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the preferable shape of the surface to be detected is limited. That is, the surface to be detected has a tapered shape or a step shape in the axial direction of the piston, or a combined shape of the taper and the step. In particular, if the surface to be detected is only tapered, the detection distance information from the position detection sensor and the discharge capacity of the compressor can be made to correspond one-to-one, and the discharge capacity of the compressor can be accurately grasped. It will be possible.

The invention according to claim 3 is the object of detection according to claim 1 or 2, which is suitable for application to a variable displacement compressor of the type in which the top dead center position of the piston does not fluctuate even if the stroke of the piston changes. The embodiment of the surface is embodied. That is, the shape of the surface to be detected is set so that the change in the distance from the position detection sensor is smaller than the change in the stroke of the piston.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, the discharge capacity grasping means is based on the distance information detected by the position detection sensor at the timing when the piston is located at the bottom dead center, and the variable capacity is determined. Know the discharge capacity of the mold compressor. This makes it possible to apply to a variable displacement compressor of the type in which the top dead center position of the piston does not change even if the stroke of the piston changes.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the detected surface is formed on a neck portion of the piston. Therefore, as compared with the case where the detected surface is formed on the head, for example, the detected surface can be easily formed on the piston, and the shape of the detected surface is not particularly limited.
In other words, when forming the surface to be detected on the head, care must be taken not to impair contact slidability with the cylinder bore and sealability.
The formation position and shape are limited.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in a displacement detecting device for a swash plate type variable displacement compressor used in a vehicle air conditioner will be described below.

(Swash plate type variable displacement compressor) As shown in FIG. 1, a swash plate type variable displacement compressor (hereinafter simply referred to as a compressor) comprises a cylinder block 11 and a front housing joined and fixed to the front end thereof. 12 and cylinder block 1
A rear housing 14 is joined and fixed to the rear end of the valve 1 through a valve / port forming body 13. The cylinder block 11, the front housing 12, and the rear housing 14 form a housing of the compressor. The left side of the drawing is the front and the right side is the rear.

A crank chamber 15 is defined in a region surrounded by the cylinder block 11 and the front housing 12. A drive shaft 16 is rotatably arranged in the crank chamber 15. The drive shaft 16 is operatively connected to an engine E which is a traveling drive source of the vehicle, and is rotated by receiving power supply from the engine E.

A lug plate 21 is integrally rotatably fixed on the drive shaft 16 in the crank chamber 15. A swash plate 23 is housed in the crank chamber 15.
The swash plate 23 is slidably supported by the drive shaft 16 and tiltably supported. The hinge mechanism 24 is interposed between the lug plate 21 and the swash plate 23. Therefore, the swash plate 23 can rotate in synchronization with the lug plate 21 and the drive shaft 16 by the hinge connection with the lug plate 21 via the hinge mechanism 24 and the support of the drive shaft 16, and at the same time, the drive shaft 16 can be rotated. Is tiltable with respect to the drive shaft 16 while being slid in the axial direction.

A plurality of cylinder bores 11a (only one place is shown in the drawing) are formed so as to surround the drive shaft 16 in the cylinder block 11 and penetrate therethrough in parallel with the drive shaft 16. The single-headed piston 25 is reciprocally housed in each cylinder bore 11a. The front and rear openings of the cylinder bore 11a are formed by the valve / port forming body 13
A compression chamber 26, whose volume changes according to the reciprocating movement of the piston 25, is defined in the cylinder bore 11a. Each piston 25
Are moored to the outer peripheral portion of the swash plate 23 via shoes 27. Therefore, the rotational movement of the swash plate 23 due to the rotation of the drive shaft 16 is converted into the reciprocating linear movement of the piston 25 via the shoe 27.

The piston 25 has a cylinder bore 11a.
A columnar head portion 35 accommodated in the above and a neck portion 36 holding the shoe 27 are connected in the axis S direction. Neck 36
A concave portion 37 is formed in the concave portion 37, and a shoe seat 37a for supporting the shoe 27 so that the shoe 27 can be moved in a masticatory manner.
Are formed.

A suction chamber 2 is provided in the rear housing 14.
8 and the discharge chamber 29 are formed by division. Then, the refrigerant gas in the suction chamber 28 moves from the top dead center position of each piston 25 to the bottom dead center side, whereby the valve / port forming body 1
It is sucked into the compression chamber 26 through the suction port 30 and the suction valve 31 formed in the No. 3. The refrigerant gas sucked into the compression chamber 26 is compressed to a predetermined pressure by moving from the bottom dead center position of the piston 25 to the top dead center side, and the discharge port 32 and the discharge port formed in the valve / port formation body 13 are discharged. It is discharged into the discharge chamber 29 via the valve 33.

A bleed passage 40, an air supply passage 41 and a control valve 42 are provided in the housing of the compressor. The extraction passage 40 connects the crank chamber 15 and the suction chamber 28. The air supply passage 41 connects the discharge chamber 29 and the crank chamber 15 with each other. A control valve 42, which is an electromagnetic valve, is arranged in the air supply passage 41.

The opening of the control valve 42 is set to the air conditioner ECU 6
1 is adjusted from the outside, the amount of high-pressure discharge gas introduced into the crank chamber 15 through the air supply passage 41 and the extraction passage 4
The balance with the amount of gas discharged from the crank chamber 15 via 0 is controlled, and the internal pressure of the crank chamber 15 is determined. According to the change of the internal pressure of the crank chamber 15, the difference between the internal pressure of the crank chamber 15 and the internal pressure of the compression chamber 26 via the piston 25 is changed, and the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is changed. As a result, the stroke of the piston 25 is changed. That is, the discharge capacity of the compressor is adjusted.

For example, when the internal pressure of the crank chamber 15 is decreased, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is increased, the stroke of the piston 25 is increased, and the discharge capacity of the compressor is increased. Figure 1
In, the two-dot chain line indicates the maximum tilt angle state of the swash plate 23. On the contrary, when the internal pressure of the crank chamber 15 is increased, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 is decreased, the stroke of the piston 25 is decreased, and the discharge capacity of the compressor is decreased. In FIG. 1, the solid line indicates the minimum tilt angle state of the swash plate 23.

(Capacity detecting device) The compressor having the above-mentioned structure includes
A capacity detecting device for detecting the discharge capacity is provided.

That is, FIG. 1, FIG. 2A and FIG.
As shown in (b), in the plurality of pistons 25, the neck portion 36 of one piston 25 is flat and has an axis S
A detection surface 36a that is tapered in the direction is formed. The detected surface 36 a is arranged on the opposite side of the drive shaft 16 around the axis S so that a part of the detected surface 36 a faces the inner peripheral surface 12 a of the front housing 12. Detected surface 3
6a is inclined with respect to the axis S so that the head 6 side is separated from the axis S.

The inner peripheral surface 12 of the front housing 12
On the outer peripheral side of the neck portion 36 of the piston 25, that is, on the lateral side of the neck portion 36 in a, a detection head 51a constituting a non-contact type position detection sensor 51 is arranged so as to face the detected surface 36a of the piston 25. . As the position detection sensor 51, for example, an eddy current loss detection type sensor is used.

When the piston 25 is reciprocated, the surface 36a to be detected is moved to the position detecting sensor 51 (detecting head 51).
It is laterally moved on the front side of (a) (the direction side where the detection head 51a performs distance measurement, which is the lower side if expressed simply by the positional relationship in the drawing). Therefore, the detection target point K, which is a portion of the detection target surface 36a that directly faces the detection head 51a, sequentially changes along the inclination of the detection target surface 36a according to the reciprocating motion of the piston 25. The distance L between the detecting head 51a and the detecting head 51a changes. Then, the position detection sensor 51 includes the detection head 51.
The distance L between a and the detected surface 36a (detection target point K) is detected, and the detected distance information L is used by the controller 51.
Output from b to the air conditioner ECU 61.

The air conditioner ECU 61 is an electronic control unit similar to a computer, and grasps the discharge capacity of the compressor based on the detected distance information L from the position detection sensor 51. That is, the air conditioner ECU 61 serves as a discharge capacity grasping means. The air conditioner ECU 61 transmits the grasped compressor discharge capacity information to an engine ECU (not shown).
Therefore, for example, the idling control of the engine E by the engine ECU is suitable in consideration of the load torque of the compressor.

As described above, in the piston 25, the surface 36a to be detected is inclined with respect to the axis S so that it is separated from the axis S on the head 35 side. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, while the piston 25 is moving between the top dead center position and the bottom dead center position, the position detection sensor 51
The distance information L output from the air conditioner ECU 61 becomes maximum (top dead center value Ltdc) when the piston 25 is at the top dead center position (state of FIG. 1), and the bottom dead center position (FIG. 2A and FIG. 2). At the time of (b) state, the minimum (bottom dead center value Lbdc
(X)). Further, the compressor having the above structure is a type in which only the bottom dead center position of the piston 25 changes and the top dead center position of the piston 25 does not change when the discharge capacity is changed.

Therefore, even if the stroke of the piston 25 is changed by changing the discharge capacity of the compressor, the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x) is the minimum value Lbdc (min) at the maximum discharge capacity shown in FIG. 2 (b). And the maximum value Lbdc (max) at the minimum discharge capacity shown in FIG. 2A, the top dead center value Ltdc becomes constant. Therefore, the air conditioner ECU 61 causes the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x), that is, the distance information L detected by the position detection sensor 51 at the timing when the piston 25 is located at the bottom dead center, and the bottom dead center value Lbd.
Minimum value Lbdc (min) of c (x) and top dead center value Lt
The discharge capacity of the compressor can be grasped from dc. For example, the following formula is used for this calculation, and the discharge capacity of the compressor is calculated with the maximum discharge capacity set to 100%.

(Formula) "Discharge capacity (%)" = (Ltdc-
Lbdc (x)) / (Ltdc-Lbdc (min))
* 100 Here, the air conditioner ECU 61 adopts the minimum value of the distance information L detected by the position detection sensor 51 within the unit time as the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x). This unit time is set to a length at which the piston 25 reciprocates at least once, that is, a length at which the piston 25 is always located at the bottom dead center.

Further, the minimum value Lbdc (min) of the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x) and the top dead center value Ltdc are constant values, and these two values Lbdc (min) and Ltdc are stored in the air conditioner ECU 61 in advance. There is. However, both values Lb
dc (min) and Ltdc vary from one compressor to another due to manufacturing tolerances. Therefore, both values Lbd
c (min) and Ltdc are not design values, but are values measured for each individual when the compressor is manufactured, for example. If the capacitance detection device of the present embodiment is used for the measurement of both the values Lbdc (min) and Ltdc, the measurement work can be performed easily and inexpensively without the need for a device dedicated to the measurement.

In the drawings, the detected surface 36a of the piston 25 is drawn with an exaggerated inclination with respect to the axis S for easy understanding. However, in reality, if the difference between the stroke of the piston 25 at the maximum discharge capacity and the stroke of the piston 25 at the minimum discharge capacity is 20 mm, for example, the minimum value Lbdc (m) of the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x) is set.
in) and the maximum value Lbdc (max) have a difference of 0.5 to 1
The degree of inclination of the detected surface 36a with respect to the axis S is set to be about mm. That is, the detected surface 36
The taper shape of a is set so that the change in distance between the position detection sensor 51 and the detection target point K becomes extremely smaller than the change in stroke of the piston 25.

The present embodiment having the above-described structure has the following effects. (1) A position detection sensor 51 is arranged on the side of the piston 25, and a detection surface 36a is formed on the piston 25 by the reciprocating movement of the position detection sensor 51 to move laterally in front of the position detection sensor 51. . Then, the detected surface 36a
Is configured such that the detection target point K moves closer to and away from the detection head 51a due to the stroke change of the piston 25.

Therefore, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-173364
It is not necessary to dispose the object to be detected on the piston side as in the technique of Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 5-340353, and it is also necessary to dispose a long detector on the housing side along the reciprocating direction of the piston. Absent. Therefore, the configuration of the capacitance detection device can be simplified and downsized.

Further, instead of directly measuring the stroke of the piston 25, the stroke change of the piston 25 is converted into a distance change in the direction intersecting the axis S by the surface 36a to be detected, and this is detected by the position detection sensor 51. It is detecting. Therefore, it is possible to set the change in the distance between the detected surface 36a (the detection target point K) and the position detection sensor 51 to be smaller than the change in the stroke of the piston 25.

In this way, for example, even with the non-contact type position detection sensor 51 having a narrow detection allowable range (for example, about 1 mm), the fluctuation of the bottom dead center position of the piston 25 can be surely grasped, The present invention can be easily applied to a variable displacement compressor of the type in which the top dead center position of the piston 25 does not change even when the stroke of the piston 25 changes, like the compressor of the present embodiment.

(2) The surface 36a to be detected is tapered in the direction of the axis S of the piston 25. Therefore, as compared with the case where the detected surface 36a has a stepped shape, for example, the detected surface 36a of the piston 25 can be easily processed. Further, the air conditioner ECU 61 can make one-to-one correspondence between the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x) from the position detection sensor 51 and the discharge capacity of the compressor, and can accurately grasp the discharge capacity of the compressor. .

(3) The detected surface 36a is formed on the neck portion 36 of the piston 25. Therefore, for example, the detected surface 36
Compared with the case where a is formed on the head 35, the detected surface 36
It is easy to form a on the piston 25, and the shape of the detected surface 36a is not limited to a large size. That is, when the detected surface 36a is formed on the head portion 35, it is necessary to consider not to impair the contact slidability with the cylinder bore 11a and the sealing property, and the formation position and shape thereof are limited.

For example, the following embodiments can be implemented without departing from the spirit of the present invention. -For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the detected surface 36a is inclined so that the head 35 side is closer to the axis S. In this case, the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x) becomes the maximum value Lbdc (max) at the maximum discharge capacity and the minimum value Lbdc (min) at the minimum discharge capacity.

· For example, as shown in FIG.
6a should be stepped. In this case, the detected surface 36a
May be configured such that the head 35 side is more distant from the axis S as in the embodiment of FIG. 5, or conversely, the head 35 side is closer to the axis S. In addition, the detected surface 3
If the number of steps in 6a is increased, the discharge capacity of the compressor can be grasped with high accuracy.
The idling control by U can be suitably performed. On the contrary, if the number of steps is reduced, the calculation load on the air conditioner ECU 61 can be reduced.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the detected surface 3
6a has a combined shape of a taper and a step. In this case, as in the embodiment of FIG. 6, it is preferable to use the taper portion for detecting the maximum discharge capacity side of the compressor and the step portion for detecting the minimum discharge capacity side. With this configuration, at the time of high load torque of the compressor, the discharge capacity of the compressor can be grasped with high accuracy by the taper portion, and the idling control by the engine ECU can be suitably performed, for example. Further, at the time of low load torque of the compressor that does not apply much load to the engine E, the difference in discharge capacity of the compressor can be roughly grasped by the step portion, and the calculation load of the air conditioner ECU 61 can be reduced.

Not only in this embodiment of FIG. 6 but also in the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 described above, the tapered shape and / or stepped shape of the surface 36a to be detected is exaggerated in the drawings, as in the above embodiment. Is drawn.

By changing the above embodiment, the detected surface 36a
As a result, a plurality of protrusions having the same height or groove portions having the same depth are arranged in a row along the movement direction of the piston 25, and discharge is performed depending on the number of detection of the protrusions or groove portions (the number of repetitions of approach and separation). The capacity may be grasped.

In the above embodiment, the detected surface 36a is provided on the neck portion 36 of the piston 25, but the head portion 35
It may be formed in. In the above embodiment, the detected surface 36a is a flat surface. However, the detected surface 36a may be configured by a concave curved surface or a convex curved surface.

-Instead of processing the detection surface 36a on the piston 25, the detection surface 36a is formed on the finished piston 25.
Attaching another member having a position detecting sensor 51
It may be detected by.

Application to a compressor of the type in which the position of the top dead center of the piston 25 fluctuates depending on the stroke change of the piston 25. In this case, the air conditioner ECU 61 grasps the discharge capacity of the compressor based on the distance information L detected when the piston 25 is located at the top dead center, that is, the top dead center value Ltdc.

By changing the above embodiment, the top dead center value Ltd
Instead of measuring c during manufacturing, the air conditioner ECU 61 may handle the maximum value or the minimum value of the output of the position detection sensor 51 measured during operation as the top dead center value Ltdc.

As a method for calculating the discharge volume by changing the above embodiment, the maximum value Lbdc of the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x) is set.
(Max) and the minimum value Lbdc (min) are measured in advance to map the relationship between the bottom dead center value Lbdc (x) and the discharge volume, and the bottom dead center value Lbd is based on this map.
The discharge volume may be grasped directly from c (x).

To be embodied as a capacity detecting device in a wobble type compressor. To describe the technical idea that can be grasped from the above-mentioned embodiment, the discharge capacity grasping means grasps the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor, and detects the position detection sensor and the detected object in the state where the piston is located at the top dead center. The distance between the detection target point on the surface and the distance between the position detection sensor and the detection target point on the detection surface when the piston is located at the bottom dead center when the variable displacement compressor has the maximum discharge capacity. The capacitance detection device according to claim 4, wherein

[0052]

According to the present invention having the above structure, the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor can be detected with a simple structure.
Moreover, the type of variable capacity compressor that can be applied is not largely limited.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a variable displacement compressor.

2A and 2B are diagrams showing a state in which a piston is located at a bottom dead center, in which FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a minimum discharge capacity and FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a maximum discharge capacity.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a reciprocating motion of a piston and information about a detected distance from a position detection sensor.

FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view showing a piston of another example.

FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view showing a piston of another example.

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view showing a piston of another example.

[Explanation of symbols]

25 ... Piston, 36a ... Detected surface, 51 ... Position detection sensor, K ... Detection target point, L ... Distance between position detection sensor and detection target point, S ... Piston axis line.

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A variable displacement compressor capable of performing gas compression by reciprocating motion of a piston and changing a discharge capacity by changing a stroke of the piston, comprising a position detection sensor arranged laterally of the piston. A detection surface that is formed on the piston and that is laterally moved in front of the position detection sensor by the reciprocating motion of the piston, and the detection surface is a portion where the detection target point directly faces the position detection sensor is the piston. The capacitance detecting device is configured so as to be close to and away from the position detection sensor according to a change in the stroke. 2. The capacitance detection device according to claim 1, wherein the surface to be detected has a tapered shape or a step shape in the axial direction of the piston, or a combined shape of the taper and the step. 3. The capacitance detection according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface to be detected has a shape such that a change in distance from the position detection sensor is smaller than a change in stroke of the piston. apparatus. 4. A discharge capacity recognizing means for recognizing the discharge capacity of the variable displacement compressor based on the detection information from the position detecting sensor, wherein the discharge capacity recognizing means is a timing when the piston is located at the bottom dead center. The displacement detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the displacement of the variable displacement compressor is grasped based on the distance information detected by the position detection sensor. 5. The variable displacement compressor has a structure in which a piston is moored to a swash plate via a shoe, and a stroke of the piston is changed by changing an inclination angle of the swash plate. The piston has a head portion slidably fitted in the cylinder bore and a neck portion holding a shoe, and the detected surface is formed in the neck portion.
The capacitance detection device according to any one of 1.