JP2003140159A - Liquid crystal display element and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the contrast by preventing light reflection from gate lines or signal lines and to improve the visibility by suppressing the variance of cell gaps of a liquid crystal display element. SOLUTION: A liquid crystal display element 100 is constituted of a substrate 2a as a first substrate having gate lines 3 and reflection electrodes 4 arranged, a substrate 2b as a second substrate having a transparent electrode 7 arranged, a liquid crystal layer 5 arranged between the substrate 2a and the substrate 2b, an oriented film 6, a first phase difference plate 8, a second phase difference plate 9, a polarizing plate 10, and spacers 20. The spacers 20 are formed on the gate lines 3 of the substrate 2a, and the substrate 2a and the substrate 2b are stuck to each other with the spacers 20 between them to form the liquid crystal display element 100, and liquid crystal is injected to the liquid crystal display element 100, and then a pressure is applied to the liquid crystal display element 100 from the outsides of both substrates 2a and 2b, and the injection port is sealed up with the substrate 2b brought into close contact with the spacers 20.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reflective or semi-transmissive liquid crystal display element and a manufacturing method thereof. Specifically, by providing a spacer on at least the gate line or the signal line of the first substrate, reflection of external light from the gate line or the signal line is prevented, contrast is improved, and a cell of a liquid crystal display element is provided. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element that suppresses variation in gap and improves visibility, and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Currently, among color displays, a liquid crystal display (LCD) is widely used as a display having characteristics such as thinness and lightness. This liquid crystal display device can be roughly classified into a transmissive liquid crystal display device and a reflective liquid crystal display device.

Among them, a color liquid crystal display device which is widely used at present is a transmissive liquid crystal display device which uses a light source called background illumination (backlight) on the background, that is, the back surface of the liquid crystal cell. . The transmissive liquid crystal display device has advantages such as thinness and light weight, and its applications are expanding in various fields. On the other hand, it consumes a large amount of power to emit background illumination (backlight). However, although a small amount of power is used for the liquid crystal transmittance modulation, a relatively large amount of power is required.

In contrast to this transmissive liquid crystal display device, a reflective liquid crystal display device which is another display system (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-142)
No. 836) does not require a backlight, so that power for a light source can be reduced, and further, space and weight of the backlight can be saved. That is, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the entire display device.
Since a small battery can be used, it is suitable for a device that is lightweight and thin.

In addition to the above, both external light and backlight light can be used as a liquid crystal display device that takes advantage of the reflective liquid crystal display device and can be used in an environment where the ambient illumination light is weak. A transflective liquid crystal display device of this kind has also been devised (see JP-A-11-242226).

Hereinafter, an example of the structure and manufacturing method of the reflective liquid crystal display element used in the reflective liquid crystal display device will be described. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional reflective liquid crystal display element 1 in a normally white mode. Further, FIG. 11 also shows the alignment state of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied. The liquid crystal alignment is illustrated as a homogeneous alignment for simplicity, but the following description can be similarly applied to the twist alignment.

This reflection type liquid crystal display element 1 has a gate line 3
A substrate 2a on which the reflective electrode 4 and the transparent electrode 7 are disposed, a substrate 2b on which the transparent electrode 7 is disposed, a liquid crystal layer 5 disposed between the substrates 2a and 2b, and the surfaces of the substrates 2a and 2b. The applied alignment film 6 (the alignment film 6 of the substrate 2a is not shown), the first retardation plate 8 and the second retardation plate 9.
It is composed of a polarizing plate 10. The substrate 2a is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, a pattern electrode (including the reflective electrode 4, the gate line 3, and the signal line 11) is formed on the surface by photoetching.
Is formed.

The reflecting electrode 4 is of a scattering type having an uneven surface so as to scatter light rays emitted by reflection.
In the case of the reflective liquid crystal display element 1, the reflective electrode 4 serves as a display electrode. The reflective electrode 4 is a thin film transistor (TFT:
Thin Film Transistor) driving method is used.

A transparent electrode 7 is arranged on the surface of the substrate 2b, and an alignment film 6 is applied thereon. The liquid crystal layer 5 is
It is arranged between the substrate 2a and the substrate 2b. This liquid crystal layer 5
As shown in FIG. 11, the liquid crystal alignment state when no voltage is applied is horizontal on both the reflective electrode 4 and the gate line 3. In such a state, the polarization state changes as shown in FIG. 13, and the incident light from the outside is reflected by the gate line 3 (see FIG. 13A) and the reflective electrode 4 (see FIG. 13B).
(Refer to) and is emitted. The signal line 11 is similar to the gate line 3.

FIG. 14 shows a liquid crystal alignment state of the liquid crystal display element 1 when a voltage is applied. As shown in FIG. 14, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element 1, the liquid crystal on the reflective electrode 4 is almost vertically aligned. However, the liquid crystal on the gate line 3 does not respond and remains in the alignment when no voltage is applied. In such a state, as shown in FIG. 15, the incident light from the outside is absorbed by the polarizing plate 10 on the reflective electrode 4, and thus is not emitted to the outside and becomes a black state (see FIG. See b)). However, on the gate line 3, since the orientation of the liquid crystal is the same as when no voltage is applied, incident light from the outside is reflected by the gate line 3 and exits (see FIG. 15A).

FIG. 16 shows a manufacturing process of a conventional liquid crystal display element. In the manufacturing process of the reflective liquid crystal display element described above, first, in step S01, pattern electrodes (including the reflective electrode 4, the gate line 3, and the signal line 11) are formed on the substrate 2a by photoetching.

Next, in step S02, an alignment film 6 for aligning liquid crystal molecules is formed on the substrates 2a and 2b. After the alignment film 6 is formed, rubbing is performed. By this rubbing process, the orientation of the parallel alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is made constant.
Next, in step S03, in order to determine the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, transparent, cylindrical or granular minute spacers are sprinkled on one of the substrates (or both substrates may be used), and this spacer is used. Sandwich the two substrates and stick them together,
The liquid crystal display element 1 is assembled, and then the periphery of the liquid crystal display element 1 is attached with a sealing material.

Next, in step S04, liquid crystal is injected between the substrates 2a and 2b from a liquid crystal injection port (not shown). Next, in step S05, after the liquid crystal is injected, the injection port (not shown) is sealed with a UV curable resin. Next, in step S06, the first retardation plate 8, the second retardation plate 9,
The polarizing plate 10 and accessories such as a connector (not shown) are attached. In this way, the liquid crystal display element 1 shown in FIG. 10 is formed.

[0014]

As described above, in the conventional reflective liquid crystal display element 1, since the liquid crystal layer 5 exists not only on the reflective electrode 4 but also on the gate line 3,
When no voltage is applied, incident light from the outside is reflected by the reflective electrode 4
Each time the light passes through the polarizing plate 10, the retardation plates 8 and 9, and the liquid crystal layer 5, the polarization state changes as shown in FIG. The incident light is also emitted on the gate line 3. The signal line 11 (not shown) is similar to the gate line 3.

Further, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal on the reflective electrode 4 has a substantially vertical alignment as shown in FIG. 14, but the liquid crystal on the gate line 3 does not respond and remains in the alignment when no voltage is applied. Is. In such a state, as shown in FIG. 15, incident light from the outside is reflected by the polarizing plate 1 on the reflective electrode 4.
Since it is absorbed by 0, it is not emitted to the outside. For this reason, it becomes black. However, on the gate line 3, as described above, the orientation of the liquid crystal is the same as that when no voltage is applied, so that the incident light from the outside is reflected by the gate line 3 and emitted. For this reason, the liquid crystal display element 1 does not achieve a sufficient black state, resulting in a decrease in contrast. Further, the transflective liquid crystal display element has the same problem as the reflective liquid crystal display element 1.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which prevents light reflection from a gate line or a signal line and improves contrast. Another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method capable of suppressing variations in cell gap of the liquid crystal display element and improving visibility.

[0017]

A liquid crystal display element according to the present invention comprises a first substrate having a display electrode having a reflection function, a gate line and a signal line, a second substrate having a transparent electrode, and a first substrate. And a liquid crystal layer disposed between the second substrate, and a spacer is provided on at least the gate line or the signal line of the first substrate.

Further, in the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, a first substrate having a display electrode having a reflection function, a gate line and a signal line, a second substrate having a transparent electrode, a first substrate In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer arranged between second substrates, a forming step of forming a spacer on at least a gate line or a signal line of the first substrate, and a first and a second step with the spacer sandwiched therebetween. Injecting step of injecting liquid crystal into the space formed by pasting the two substrates together, and applying pressure to the liquid crystal display element from the outside of the first and second substrates to bring the second substrate and the spacer into close contact with each other. In this state, a sealing step of sealing the injection port is included.

In the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention,
Spacers, for example, stripe-shaped or grid-shaped spacers or spacer columns are formed on at least the gate lines or the signal lines of the first substrate. This makes it possible to prevent light reflection from the gate line or the signal line and improve the contrast.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, before the liquid crystal injection port is sealed, for example, before or after the liquid crystal injection, the liquid crystal is applied from the outside of the first and second substrates. By applying pressure to the display element and sealing the injection port in a state where the second substrate is in close contact with the spacer, it is possible to suppress variations in the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element and improve visibility. Become.

[0021]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display element 100 as an embodiment. The liquid crystal display element 100 is a reflective liquid crystal display element.
Further, in FIG. 1, parts corresponding to those in FIG. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a substrate 2a as a first substrate on which the gate line 3 and the reflective electrode 4 are arranged, and a second substrate on which a transparent electrode 7 is arranged. A substrate 2b, a liquid crystal layer 5 disposed between the substrates 2a and 2b, an alignment film 6 applied to the surfaces of the substrates 2a and 2b (the alignment film 6 of the substrate 2a is not shown),
Retardation plate 8, a second retardation plate 9, a polarizing plate 10,
It is composed of a spacer 20.

FIG. 2 is a view of the substrate 2a viewed from the substrate 2b. A pattern electrode (including the reflective electrode 4, the gate line 3, and the signal line 11) is formed on the surface of the substrate 2a by photoetching. A spacer 20 is provided on the gate line 3. This spacer 20 is made of a photosensitive material,
For example, it is formed of NN710 (manufactured by JSR Corporation). The spacer 20 has, for example, a stripe shape with a width of 3 μm and a height of about 2 μm.

The reflecting electrode 4 is of a scattering type having an uneven surface so as to scatter light rays emitted by reflection.
In the case of the reflective liquid crystal display element 1, the reflective electrode 4 serves as a display electrode. The reflective electrode 4 is a thin film transistor (TFT:
Thin Film Transistor) driving method is used. Board 2
In b, the transparent electrode 7 is arranged on the surface, and the alignment film 6 is formed thereon.
Has been applied. The liquid crystal layer 5 is arranged between the substrate 2a and the substrate 2b.

The appearance of external light reflection of such a liquid crystal display device 100 is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 shows how external light is reflected when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element 100. 3A shows a state of external light reflection on the gate line 3, and FIG. 3B shows a state of external light reflection on the reflective electrode 4.

As shown in FIG. 3A, a spacer 20 is provided on the gate line 3 and the liquid crystal layer 5 does not exist. In this case, the light reflected by the gate line 3 is reflected by the polarizing plate 10
Since it becomes a linearly polarized light having an electric vector in the direction parallel to the absorption axis of, it is absorbed by the polarizing plate 10 and is not emitted to the outside. Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, since the liquid crystal layer 5 is present on the reflective electrode 4, the incident external light is reflected and emitted to the outside.

FIG. 4 shows how external light is reflected when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element 100. 4A shows how external light is reflected on the gate line 3, and FIG. 4B shows how external light is reflected on the reflective electrode 4. As shown in FIG. 4A, since the liquid crystal layer 5 does not exist on the gate line 3, the incident external light is reflected and the polarization plate 10 is reflected, as in FIG. 3A.
It is absorbed by and does not go out. Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, since the liquid crystal layer 5 exists on the reflective electrode 4, the application of a voltage changes the orientation of the liquid crystal from horizontal to vertical (see FIG. 14), and the reflective electrode The light reflected by 4 is polarized in the same direction as when it is incident, is absorbed by the polarizing plate 10, and is not emitted to the outside. Further, in this case, since the spacer 20 is not provided on the signal line 11, there is external light reflected from the signal line 11 and emitted to the outside.

Next, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element 100 will be described. The manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device 100 is such that the spacer 20 is formed on the gate line 3 of the substrate 2a on which the pattern electrode (including the reflective electrode 4, the gate line 3 and the signal line 11) is formed, and the spacer 20 is sandwiched. Board 2a
Liquid crystal display device 100 formed by bonding substrate 2b and substrate 2b
Liquid crystal is injected into the liquid crystal display device, and pressure is applied to the liquid crystal display element 100 from the outside of the substrates 2a and 2b to seal the injection port while the substrate 2b and the spacer 20 are in close contact with each other.

FIG. 5 shows a manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element 100. As shown in FIG. 5, the liquid crystal display device 10
In the manufacture of 0, first, in step S1, a pattern electrode is formed on the substrate 2a by photoetching.

Next, in step S2, a spacer 20 is formed on the gate line 3 portion of the substrate 2a. FIG. 6 shows a process of forming the spacer 20. In this step, first, as shown in FIG. 6A, a photosensitive material such as NN710 (manufactured by JSR Corporation) is applied to the surface of the substrate 2a on which the gate line 3 and the reflective electrode 4 are arranged. Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, a photomask 12 having a stripe pattern is placed on the photosensitive material coating layer, and ultraviolet rays (UV) are irradiated. Next, the substrate 2a after UV irradiation is processed to remove unnecessary portions (unexposed portions) of the photosensitive material coating layer, whereby spacers 20 are formed (FIG. 6).
(See (c)).

In step S3, the alignment film 6 is formed on the substrate 2a and the counter substrate 2b. After forming the alignment film, rubbing treatment is performed. Rubbing should be done in anti-parallel rubbing. This rubbing process makes the orientation of the parallel alignment of the liquid crystal molecules constant.

In step S4, the substrate 2a and the substrate 2b are attached to each other with the spacer 20 sandwiched therebetween, and the liquid crystal display element 1
00 is assembled, and the periphery of the liquid crystal display device 100 is attached. In this case, set the cell gap to spacer 2
Since it is maintained at 0, it is not necessary to spray spacer beads.

In step S5, liquid crystal is injected between the substrate 2a and the substrate 2b through a liquid crystal inlet (not shown). In step S6, after the liquid crystal is injected, pressure is applied from the outside of both substrates 2a and 2b, for example, 0.2 MPa is applied to the entire liquid crystal display element 100. As a result, the liquid crystal existing on the spacer 20 is eliminated, and the substrate 2b and the spacer 20 can be brought into close contact with each other.

In step S7, while the liquid crystal display element 100 is under pressure, a UV-curable resin sealant is applied to the injection port (not shown), and the pressure is released. U
V light is irradiated and hardened, and the injection port is sealed. Next, in step S8, accessories such as the first retardation plate 8, the second retardation plate 9, the polarizing plate 10, and a connector (not shown) are attached. In this way, the liquid crystal display element 100 shown in FIG. 1 is formed.

As a result of observing the light reflection of the reflection type liquid crystal display device 100 manufactured by the above method with a microscope, it was confirmed that the portion where the spacer 20 was formed had no reflection and was in a black state. In addition, the contrast of the liquid crystal display device 100 was measured. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a contrast measurement state.

As shown in FIG. 7, 30 from the substrate normal direction.
The parallel light is incident from a tilted direction and the reflected light from the liquid crystal display element 100 is received at the substrate normal line. The contrast thus measured was 50. Here, as Comparative Example 1, a reflective liquid crystal display element in which spacers 20 were not formed and spacer beads were scattered was prepared.

As in the case of the liquid crystal display device 100 described above, the light reflection of Comparative Example 1 was observed with a microscope, and it was confirmed that there was external light reflected and emitted from the gate line 3.
Further, as in the liquid crystal display element 100 described above, Comparative Example 1
As a result of measuring the contrast, the contrast was 40. As a result, when the spacer 20 is formed on the gate line 3, the reflectance in the dark state is reduced, so that the contrast can be improved.

As Comparative Example 2, the above-mentioned method is used.
After injecting the liquid crystal, a liquid crystal display element was produced by sealing the liquid crystal display element without applying pressure. In the case of this comparative example 2, since no pressure is applied at the time of sealing, the substrate 2b and the spacer 20 are not in close contact with each other. Liquid crystal display device 100 described above
It was confirmed that, compared with the above, the brightness variation of the liquid crystal display element due to the cell gap variation was conspicuous and the visibility was deteriorated.

As described above, in the present embodiment, by forming the spacer 20 on the gate line 3 of the liquid crystal 2a, light reflection from the gate line 3 can be prevented and the contrast can be improved.

After the liquid crystal is injected, the liquid crystal display element 100 is pressed from the outside of both substrates 2a and 2b, and the injection port is sealed in a state where the substrate 2b and the spacer 20 are in close contact with each other. It is possible to suppress variations in the cell gap of the element 100 and improve visibility.

Further, in the liquid crystal display element 100, since the cell gap is maintained by the spacer 20, it is not necessary to sprinkle the spacer beads. The impact resistance of the liquid crystal display element 100 is also significantly improved as compared with the liquid crystal display element 1 using the conventional spacer beads, and the strength thereof can sufficiently withstand a normal pen input.

Although the spacer 20 is formed in a stripe shape along the gate line 3 in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, stripe-shaped spacers 20 along the signal lines 11
May be formed.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the spacer 20 is formed in a stripe shape, but it is not limited to this. For example, it may have a lattice shape or a column shape.

FIG. 8 shows another example of the spacer. FIG. 8 is a view of the substrate 2a of the liquid crystal display element 100 as viewed from the substrate 2b side. As shown in the figure, the spacers 21 are formed in a grid pattern on the gate lines 3 and the signal lines 11. In this case, all the portions of the gate lines 3 and the signal lines 11 are covered with the spacers 21, the emission of reflected light from the gate lines 3 and the signal lines 11 can be completely suppressed, and the contrast can be further improved. .

FIG. 9 shows another example of the spacer. FIG. 9 is a view of the substrate 2a of the liquid crystal display element 100 as seen from the substrate 2b side. As shown in the figure, the spacer 22 is formed in a shape having a stripe spacer 22a on the gate line 3 and a stripe spacer 22b on the signal line 11 whose length is shorter than the interval of the stripe spacer 22a. In this case, the gate line 3 and the signal line 1
Most of 1 is covered by the spacer 22,
In addition to effectively suppressing the reflection of incident light, the spacer 2
Since a gap is provided between both ends of 2b and the spacer 22a, liquid crystal can be easily injected.

FIG. 10 shows another example of the spacer. FIG. 10 shows the substrate 2a and the substrate 2b of the liquid crystal display device 100.
It is the figure seen from the side. As shown in the figure, the spacer 23
Has a columnar shape. In this case, the area covering the gate lines 3 and the signal lines 11 with the spacers 23 is smaller than that of the grid-like spacers 21, but the liquid crystal can be easily injected because there is a predetermined space between the spacers 23.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the example of the reflection type liquid crystal display element 100 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can be similarly applied to a transflective liquid crystal display element. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the example of the liquid crystal alignment is a homogeneous alignment,
It is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be similarly applied to the case of twist orientation.

[0048]

According to the liquid crystal display element of the present invention,
By providing a spacer on at least the gate line or the signal line of the first substrate, light reflection from the gate line or the signal line can be prevented and the contrast can be improved.

Further, according to the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, the first and second liquid crystal display devices are sealed before the liquid crystal injection port is sealed.
By applying pressure to the liquid crystal display element from the outside of the substrate and sealing the injection port in the state where the second substrate is in close contact with the spacer, it is possible to suppress variations in the cell gap of the liquid crystal display element and improve visibility. Can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display element according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the substrate 2a viewed from the substrate 2b side.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing how external light is reflected when no voltage is applied.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how external light is reflected when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a spacer forming step.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a contrast measurement state.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of a spacer.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of a spacer.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of a spacer.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of the substrate 2a viewed from the substrate 2b side.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing how external light is reflected when no voltage is applied.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal alignment state when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing how external light is reflected when a voltage is applied.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of a conventional liquid crystal display element.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 100 ... Liquid crystal display element, 2a ... First substrate, 2b ... Second substrate, 3 ... Gate line, 4 ...
・ Reflecting electrode, 5 ... Liquid crystal layer, 6 ... Alignment film, 7 ...
-Transparent electrode, 8 ... First retardation plate, 9 ... Second retardation plate, 10 ... Polarizing plate, 11 ... Signal line, 12
... Photomask, 13 ... Light source, 14 ... Photoreceiver, 20, 21, 22, 23 ... Spacer

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    F-term (reference) 2H089 LA09 LA12 LA18 MA03X                       NA05 NA14 QA14 TA09 TA15                       TA17                 2H092 JA24 JB07 JB22 JB31 NA01                       PA02 PA03 PA11                 5C094 AA02 AA06 BA03 BA43 CA19                       DA07 DB01 EA04 EA07 EB02                       EC02 EC03 ED14

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A first substrate having a display electrode having a reflection function, a gate line and a signal line, and a second substrate having a transparent electrode.
In a liquid crystal display device including the substrate and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, a spacer is provided on at least the gate line or the signal line of the first substrate. Liquid crystal display device. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is formed in a wall shape. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the wall-shaped spacers are formed in stripes on the gate lines or the signal lines. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the wall-shaped spacers are formed in a grid pattern on the gate lines and the signal lines. 5. The wall-shaped spacer comprises a stripe-shaped spacer on the gate line or the signal line, and a stripe-shaped spacer having a length shorter than an interval between the stripe-shaped spacers on the signal line or the gate line. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is formed in a columnar shape. 7. A first substrate having a display electrode having a reflection function, a gate line and a signal line, and a second substrate having a transparent electrode.
A substrate and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, wherein a spacer is formed on at least the gate line or the signal line of the first substrate. A step of injecting liquid crystal from an injection port into a space formed by pasting the spacer and sandwiching the first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal display device from the outside of the first and second substrates. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a step of applying pressure to seal the injection port in a state where the second substrate and the spacer are in close contact with each other. 8. The forming process includes: a step of applying a photosensitive material layer; a step of pattern-exposing and curing the photosensitive material layer; and a step of removing an unexposed portion of the photosensitive material layer. The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that.