JP2003129844A - Heat absorbing and emitting medium - Google Patents
Heat absorbing and emitting mediumInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003129844A JP2003129844A JP2001328183A JP2001328183A JP2003129844A JP 2003129844 A JP2003129844 A JP 2003129844A JP 2001328183 A JP2001328183 A JP 2001328183A JP 2001328183 A JP2001328183 A JP 2001328183A JP 2003129844 A JP2003129844 A JP 2003129844A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat storage
- medium
- heat
- latent heat
- storage material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、熱吸放出媒体に関
する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a heat absorbing / releasing medium.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】例えば、内燃機関を冷却するために冷却
水を用いることが公知である。この冷却水は内燃機関内
を循環する間に内燃機関から熱を吸収し、吸収した熱を
放熱手段であるラジエータにおいて放出し、斯くして内
燃機関を冷却する。2. Description of the Related Art For example, it is known to use cooling water to cool an internal combustion engine. This cooling water absorbs heat from the internal combustion engine while circulating in the internal combustion engine, and releases the absorbed heat in a radiator as a heat radiating means, thus cooling the internal combustion engine.
【０００３】このように内燃機関を冷却するための冷却
水には、その冷却能力ができるだけ高いことが望まれ
る。すなわち、内燃機関を冷却するための冷却水には、
冷却水が内燃機関内を循環する間に、より多くの熱を内
燃機関から吸収し、そしてラジエータにて、より多くの
熱を放出することが望まれる。Thus, the cooling water for cooling the internal combustion engine is desired to have a high cooling capacity. That is, the cooling water for cooling the internal combustion engine,
It is desired to absorb more heat from the internal combustion engine and release more heat in the radiator while the cooling water circulates in the internal combustion engine.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、内燃機関か
ら熱を吸収した時、或いは、ラジエータにて熱を放出し
た時における冷却水の温度変化幅は内燃機関の温度やラ
ジエータの冷却能力に依存し、内燃機関の温度がほぼ一
定であり且つラジエータの冷却能力がほぼ一定である場
合には、冷却水の温度変化幅もほぼ一定である。したが
って、冷却水の冷却能力を高めるためには、一定の温度
変化幅において、冷却水がより多くの熱量を吸収し、或
いは、より多くの熱量を放出するようにする必要があ
る。そして、このことは或る領域において熱を吸収し、
そして別の領域において熱を放出するための媒体にも当
てはまる。By the way, when the heat is absorbed from the internal combustion engine or when the heat is released by the radiator, the temperature change width of the cooling water depends on the temperature of the internal combustion engine and the cooling capacity of the radiator. When the temperature of the internal combustion engine is substantially constant and the cooling capacity of the radiator is substantially constant, the temperature change width of the cooling water is also substantially constant. Therefore, in order to increase the cooling capacity of the cooling water, it is necessary for the cooling water to absorb a larger amount of heat or release a larger amount of heat in a constant temperature change range. And this absorbs heat in certain areas,
It also applies to media for releasing heat in other areas.
【０００５】そこで、本発明の目的は、一定温度変化が
生じた時に吸収することができる熱量および放出するこ
とができる熱量が大きい媒体を提供することにある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a medium having a large amount of heat that can be absorbed and a large amount of heat that can be released when a constant temperature change occurs.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、１番目の発明では、内燃機関で用いられる媒体であ
って、周囲領域から熱を吸収し、吸収した熱を周囲領域
に放出するための媒体において、周囲領域から熱を吸収
したときに相変態して熱を潜熱として蓄え且つ周囲領域
に熱を放出したときに相変態して潜熱を放出する潜熱蓄
熱材を膜により覆って形成したカプセル粒子と、該カプ
セル粒子を含有するための液体とを具備し、周囲領域が
通常とりうる温度範囲内に上記潜熱蓄熱材の相変態温度
がある媒体を提供する。潜熱蓄熱材が相変態して熱を潜
熱として蓄えることにより、潜熱蓄熱材が蓄えることが
できる熱量が大きくなる。すなわち、内燃機関において
媒体に吸収されて蓄えられ且つ放熱手段において媒体か
ら放出される熱量、すなわち媒体を介した内燃機関から
の放熱量が大きくなる。なお、後述する実施例において
潜熱蓄熱材が熱を吸収する周囲領域とは内燃機関であ
り、潜熱蓄熱材が熱を放出する周囲領域とは放熱手段の
ある領域である。In order to solve the above problems, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a medium used in an internal combustion engine absorbs heat from a surrounding area and releases the absorbed heat to the surrounding area. In the medium for forming, a latent heat storage material is formed by covering the film with a latent heat storage material that undergoes phase transformation when heat is absorbed from the surrounding area and stores the heat as latent heat, and phase transforms when the heat is released to the surrounding area to release latent heat. And a liquid for containing the capsule particles, the medium having a phase transformation temperature of the latent heat storage material within a temperature range that the ambient region can normally have. Since the latent heat storage material undergoes phase transformation and stores heat as latent heat, the amount of heat that the latent heat storage material can store increases. That is, the amount of heat absorbed and stored in the medium in the internal combustion engine and released from the medium in the heat dissipation means, that is, the amount of heat released from the internal combustion engine via the medium increases. In the embodiments described below, the peripheral area where the latent heat storage material absorbs heat is the internal combustion engine, and the peripheral area where the latent heat storage material releases heat is the area where the heat dissipation means is provided.
【０００７】２番目の発明では、１番目の発明におい
て、液体内におけるカプセル粒子同士の分散を促進する
ための物質を該液体内に含有させた。このようにカプセ
ル粒子同士の分散が促進されれば、結果として当該媒体
の粘性が下がる。In the second invention, in the first invention, a substance for promoting the dispersion of the capsule particles in the liquid is contained in the liquid. If the dispersion of the capsule particles is promoted in this way, the viscosity of the medium is lowered as a result.
【０００８】３番目の発明では、１番目または２番目の
発明において、潜熱蓄熱材がその過冷却を抑制するため
の過冷却抑制材料を有する。これにより、潜熱蓄熱材が
周囲領域に熱を放出する場合に潜熱蓄熱材が確実に相変
態、すなわち凝結するようになる。According to a third aspect of the invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the latent heat storage material has a supercooling suppressing material for suppressing its supercooling. This ensures that the latent heat storage material undergoes phase transformation, that is, condensation when the latent heat storage material releases heat to the surrounding region.
【０００９】４番目の発明では、１番目〜３番目のいず
れか一つの発明において、潜熱蓄熱材の相変態温度が熱
を潜熱として蓄えるべき領域の温度よりも低く且つ潜熱
を放出すべき領域の温度よりも高い。後述する実施例で
は、熱を潜熱として蓄えるべき領域とは内燃機関の機関
内流路であり、潜熱を放出すべき領域とは放熱手段、例
えばラジエータである。また、この場合潜熱蓄熱材の相
変態温度、例えば融点が４０℃〜１００℃であるのが好
ましい。According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in any one of the first to third aspects of the invention, the phase transformation temperature of the latent heat storage material is lower than the temperature of the area in which heat is to be stored as latent heat, and the latent heat is to be released in the area. Higher than temperature. In the embodiments described later, the region where heat is to be stored as latent heat is the internal flow path of the internal combustion engine, and the region where latent heat is to be released is a heat radiating means, such as a radiator. In this case, the latent heat storage material preferably has a phase transformation temperature, for example, a melting point of 40 ° C to 100 ° C.
【００１０】５番目の発明では、１番目〜３番目のいず
れか一つの発明において、潜熱蓄熱材の相変態温度は、
該潜熱蓄熱材に熱が潜熱として蓄えられることが停止さ
れた後に潜熱蓄熱材から潜熱を積極的に放出させるまで
の間に潜熱蓄熱材から熱が自然放熱され、これにより潜
熱蓄熱材の温度が上記相変態温度を越えて低くなったと
しても過冷却効果によって潜熱蓄熱材の相変態が生じな
いような温度である。In the fifth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, the phase transformation temperature of the latent heat storage material is
Heat is naturally radiated from the latent heat storage material until the latent heat storage material positively releases the latent heat after the latent heat storage material stops being stored as latent heat, whereby the temperature of the latent heat storage material is increased. It is a temperature at which the phase change of the latent heat storage material does not occur due to the supercooling effect even if it becomes lower than the above phase change temperature.
【００１１】６番目の発明では、１番目〜５番目のいず
れか一つの発明において、潜熱蓄熱材がパラフィンを有
する。In a sixth aspect based on any one of the first to fifth aspects, the latent heat storage material contains paraffin.
【００１２】７番目の発明では、１番目〜３番目のいず
れか一つの発明の媒体を具備する暖機・冷却システムに
おいて、該媒体を循環させるための流路を具備し、カプ
セル粒子の粒径が該流路を閉塞することのない大きさで
ある暖機・冷却システムを提供する。特に当該媒体が内
燃機関に使用される場合、カプセル粒子の粒径は少なく
とも媒体を循環させるためのウォーターポンプのクリア
ランスよりも小さい。According to a seventh aspect of the invention, in a warming-up / cooling system comprising the medium of any one of the first to third aspects, a passage for circulating the medium is provided, and the particle size of the capsule particles is Provides a warm-up / cooling system having a size that does not block the flow path. Especially when the medium is used in an internal combustion engine, the particle size of the capsule particles is at least smaller than the clearance of a water pump for circulating the medium.
【００１３】８番目の発明では、１番目〜３番目のいず
れか一つの発明の媒体を具備する暖機・冷却システムに
おいて、媒体を循環させるための流路と、該流路に連結
される蓄熱槽とを具備し、該蓄熱槽が断熱機構を有し、
カプセル粒子が該蓄熱槽内に保持されて該断熱層の断熱
機構によりカプセル粒子を保温することができるように
した。これにより、例えば内燃機関が停止している場合
にもカプセル粒子を所定温度（例えば相変態温度、また
は融点、または融点を越えて低くなったとしても過冷却
効果によって潜熱蓄熱材の相変態が生じないような温
度）以上に維持することができるようになる。すなわ
ち、熱を蓄えさせたままカプセル粒子を保管することが
できるようになる。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in a warming-up / cooling system including the medium of any one of the first to third aspects, a flow path for circulating the medium and a heat storage connected to the flow path. And a heat storage tank having a heat insulation mechanism,
The capsule particles are held in the heat storage tank so that the heat insulation mechanism of the heat insulating layer can keep the capsule particles warm. As a result, for example, even when the internal combustion engine is stopped, the phase change of the latent heat storage material occurs due to the supercooling effect even if the capsule particles have a predetermined temperature (for example, the phase transformation temperature, or the melting point, or even if the temperature drops below the melting point). It will be possible to maintain the temperature above a certain level). That is, it becomes possible to store the capsule particles while storing heat.
【００１４】９番目の発明では、８番目の発明におい
て、上記流路が内燃機関を通っており、内燃機関の温間
運転時に蓄熱槽内にカプセル粒子を保持することにより
該蓄熱槽内の該カプセル粒子の濃度を高め、内燃機関の
冷間始動時に蓄熱槽からカプセル粒子を流路に放出する
ことにより該流路内の濃度を高めるようにした。すなわ
ち内燃機関の温間運転時に熱を蓄えたカプセル粒子を蓄
熱槽内に保持し、且つ内燃機関の冷間始動時にカプセル
粒子に蓄えられた熱を流路内に、すなわち内燃機関に放
出することができるようにされる。According to a ninth aspect of the invention, in the eighth aspect, the flow path passes through the internal combustion engine, and the capsule particles are held in the heat storage tank during warm operation of the internal combustion engine, whereby The concentration of the capsule particles is increased, and the concentration of the capsule particles in the flow passage is increased by discharging the capsule particles from the heat storage tank to the flow passage at the cold start of the internal combustion engine. That is, to hold the capsule particles that have stored heat during warm operation of the internal combustion engine in the heat storage tank, and to release the heat stored in the capsule particles during cold start of the internal combustion engine into the flow path, that is, to the internal combustion engine. To be able to.
【００１５】１０番目の発明では、内燃機関を冷却する
ための冷却液を流すための流路と、該流路を包囲するよ
うに配置される蓄熱槽とを具備し、該蓄熱槽が断熱機構
を有するシステムにおいて、１番目〜３番目のいずれか
一つの発明の媒体が流路を包囲するように上記蓄熱槽内
に保持されて断熱層の断熱機構により媒体を保温するこ
とができるようにした。According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flow passage for flowing a cooling liquid for cooling the internal combustion engine, and a heat storage tank arranged so as to surround the flow passage, the heat storage tank being a heat insulating mechanism. In the system having the above-mentioned structure, the medium of any one of the first to third inventions is held in the heat storage tank so as to surround the flow path, and the medium can be kept warm by the heat insulating mechanism of the heat insulating layer. .
【００１６】１１番目の発明では、１０番目の発明にお
いて、蓄熱槽に保持された媒体に含まれるカプセル粒子
の過冷却を解放するための過冷却解放手段を具備する。The eleventh aspect of the present invention is the eleventh aspect of the present invention, which further comprises supercooling releasing means for releasing the supercooling of the capsule particles contained in the medium held in the heat storage tank.
【００１７】１２番目の発明では、１１番目の発明にお
いて、過冷却解放手段は媒体内のカプセル粒子を流動さ
せることにより過冷却を解放する。According to a twelfth invention, in the eleventh invention, the supercooling releasing means releases supercooling by causing the capsule particles in the medium to flow.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照して本発明を詳
細に説明する。図１は本発明を水冷式の内燃機関に用い
た場合を示している。なお、本発明は水冷式の内燃機関
だけでなく、自動車または建築物の冷暖房装置等の他の
装置に適用することもできる。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a case where the present invention is applied to a water-cooled internal combustion engine. The present invention can be applied not only to a water-cooled internal combustion engine, but also to other devices such as an air conditioner for a car or a building.
【００１９】図１および図２を参照して本発明の第一の
実施例を説明する。図１を参照すると、１は内燃機関本
体、２は放熱手段、例えばラジエータをそれぞれ示す。
内燃機関本体１内には内燃機関本体１を冷却するための
媒体１０が流れる機関内流路３が設けられ、この機関内
流路３は燃焼室周り等の内燃機関本体１における冷却す
べき領域を通っている。機関内流路３は上流側流路４お
よび下流側流路５を介してラジエータ２に通じており、
これら流路４、５を介して媒体１０が機関内流路３およ
びラジエータ２を行き来する。機関内流路３内には機関
内流路３と下流側流路５との連結地点付近にウォーター
ポンプ６が取付けられる。したがって、下流側流路５か
ら機関内流路３内に流れ込む媒体１０はまずウォーター
ポンプ６を通り、加圧されるようになっている。さら
に、機関内流路３と上流側流路４との連結地点にはサー
モスタット７が取付けられる。サーモスタット７は機関
内流路３内の媒体の温度が低い場合には上流側流路４へ
の通路、すなわちラジエータ２への通路を開かず、高く
なった場合に上流側流路４への通路を開く。なお、以下
の説明では媒体１０が循環する機関内流路３と上流側流
路４とラジエータ２と下流側流路５とを冷却系統と称す
る。A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is an internal combustion engine body, and 2 is a heat radiating means, for example, a radiator.
The internal combustion engine body 1 is provided with an internal combustion engine flow passage 3 through which a medium 10 for cooling the internal combustion engine main body 1 is provided, and the internal combustion engine flow passage 3 is a region around the combustion chamber or the like in the internal combustion engine main body 1 to be cooled. Is passing through. The in-engine flow passage 3 communicates with the radiator 2 via the upstream flow passage 4 and the downstream flow passage 5,
The medium 10 travels back and forth between the in-engine flow path 3 and the radiator 2 via the flow paths 4 and 5. A water pump 6 is attached to the inside of the in-engine flow path 3 in the vicinity of a connection point between the in-engine flow path 3 and the downstream side flow path 5. Therefore, the medium 10 flowing into the internal flow passage 3 from the downstream flow passage 5 first passes through the water pump 6 and is pressurized. Further, a thermostat 7 is attached to a connection point between the internal flow passage 3 and the upstream flow passage 4. The thermostat 7 does not open the passage to the upstream flow passage 4, that is, the passage to the radiator 2 when the temperature of the medium in the internal flow passage 3 is low, and the passage to the upstream flow passage 4 when it becomes high. open. In the following description, the in-engine flow path 3, the upstream flow path 4, the radiator 2, and the downstream flow path 5 in which the medium 10 circulates will be referred to as a cooling system.
【００２０】内燃機関の温間運転中において、冷却系統
を循環する媒体１０はまず機関内流路３において内燃機
関本体１の熱を吸収する。内燃機関本体１の熱を吸収し
て温度上昇した媒体１０はサーモスタット７を介して上
流側流路４へと流れ出してラジエータ２に流入する。ラ
ジエータ２には内燃機関本体１を搭載した車両の移動に
よって、または内燃機関本体１に駆動ベルトを介して取
付けられた冷却ファン８によって温度上昇した媒体１０
よりも温度が低い外気が送風される。このため、ラジエ
ータ２では対流熱伝達により温度上昇した媒体１０の熱
が外気に放出されて、媒体１０の温度が下がる。温度が
下がった媒体１０は下流側流路５を介して再び機関内流
路３に戻され、ウォーターポンプ６によって機関内流路
３の隅々まで行きわたる。冷却系統では常にこのことが
繰り返される。During the warm operation of the internal combustion engine, the medium 10 circulating in the cooling system first absorbs the heat of the internal combustion engine body 1 in the internal flow passage 3. The medium 10 which has absorbed the heat of the internal combustion engine body 1 and has increased in temperature flows out to the upstream side flow path 4 via the thermostat 7 and flows into the radiator 2. A medium 10 whose temperature is raised by the movement of a vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine body 1 on the radiator 2 or by a cooling fan 8 mounted on the internal combustion engine body 1 via a drive belt
The outside air whose temperature is lower than that is blown. Therefore, in the radiator 2, the heat of the medium 10 whose temperature has risen due to convective heat transfer is released to the outside air, and the temperature of the medium 10 drops. The medium 10 whose temperature has dropped is returned to the in-engine flow path 3 again via the downstream flow path 5, and reaches the every corner of the in-engine flow path 3 by the water pump 6. This is always repeated in the cooling system.
【００２１】本実施例の媒体１０は、水、水にエチレン
グリコールを加えたもの、または内燃機関用の冷却媒体
として一般的に用いられているＬＬＣ（long life cool
ant）等の液体を含む。さらに、本発明の媒体１０はカ
プセル粒子１１を含む。このカプセル粒子１１は図２に
示したように潜熱蓄熱材１２を膜１３で覆うことにより
形成される。潜熱蓄熱材１２はパラフィンで形成される
のが好ましい。このパラフィンは相変態を起こす温度、
すなわち本実施例では融点が４０℃〜１００℃であるの
が好ましい。また、パラフィンの潜熱、すなわち本実施
例ではパラフィンの融解熱は２００Ｊ／ｇ・Ｋ程度と比
較的大きく、したがってパラフィンは融点前後で大きな
熱を蓄積したり放出したりすることができる。膜１３
は、水やエチレングリコール等に対して溶解性がなく且
つ露出環境の温度、例えば１００℃程度の温度では融解
することのない物質、例えば高分子樹脂で形成されるの
が好ましい。さらに、膜１３は潜熱蓄熱材１２が融解す
ることによって多少膨張しても破壊されたり破れたりし
ない程度の弾性を有するのが好ましい。この膜１３によ
り、媒体１０の温度が潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点以上の温度
になって潜熱蓄熱材１２が融解しても潜熱蓄熱材１２は
膜１３に覆われたままであり、したがって潜熱蓄熱材１
３同士が接合したり、合体したりしてしまうのが防止さ
れる。また、この膜１３を例えば比重が水よりも大きい
メラミン樹脂で形成した場合、潜熱蓄熱材１２を形成す
るパラフィンの比重が水の比重より小さいことにより、
膜１３と潜熱蓄熱材１２との重量比率を適切に選択する
ことによってカプセル粒子１１の比重を水の比重とほぼ
同じにすることができる。The medium 10 of this embodiment is water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or an LLC (long life cool) generally used as a cooling medium for an internal combustion engine.
ant) and other liquids. Furthermore, the medium 10 of the present invention comprises capsule particles 11. The capsule particles 11 are formed by covering the latent heat storage material 12 with a film 13 as shown in FIG. The latent heat storage material 12 is preferably made of paraffin. The temperature at which this paraffin undergoes a phase transformation,
That is, in this embodiment, the melting point is preferably 40 ° C to 100 ° C. Further, the latent heat of paraffin, that is, the heat of fusion of paraffin in this embodiment is relatively large at about 200 J / g · K, so that paraffin can accumulate or release a large amount of heat around its melting point. Membrane 13
Is preferably formed of a substance that is not soluble in water or ethylene glycol and does not melt at the temperature of the exposed environment, for example, a temperature of about 100 ° C., for example, a polymer resin. Furthermore, it is preferable that the film 13 has elasticity such that it is not broken or broken even if the latent heat storage material 12 melts and expands to some extent. With this film 13, even if the temperature of the medium 10 becomes higher than the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 and the latent heat storage material 12 melts, the latent heat storage material 12 remains covered with the film 13, and therefore the latent heat storage material 1
It is possible to prevent the three parts from being joined or united. Further, when the film 13 is formed of, for example, a melamine resin having a specific gravity larger than that of water, the paraffin forming the latent heat storage material 12 has a specific gravity smaller than that of water.
By appropriately selecting the weight ratio between the film 13 and the latent heat storage material 12, the specific gravity of the capsule particles 11 can be made substantially the same as the specific gravity of water.
【００２２】潜熱蓄熱材１２を膜１３で覆って形成され
たカプセル粒子１１の粒径は、例えば５μｍ〜５００μ
ｍ、好ましくは５μｍ〜５０μｍである。このようにカ
プセル粒子１１の粒径は非常に小さく、媒体１０が循環
する冷却系統、すなわち機関内流路３と上流側流路４と
ラジエータ２と下流側流路５とにおける最も小さいクリ
アランスよりも小さく、しかもカプセル粒子１１の粒径
は少なくとも冷却系統内に配置されたウォーターポンプ
６とウォーターポンプ６のハウジングとのクリアランス
よりも小さい。このため、媒体１０が流れる冷却系統に
おいてカプセル粒子１１が流路を閉塞してしまったり、
ウォーターポンプ６等ですりつぶされてしまったりする
ことはない。なお、カプセル粒子１１を小さくすればす
るほど媒体１０の粘性が高くなってしまうため、カプセ
ル粒子１１は流路を閉塞したりすりつぶされてしまった
りしない範囲内でできるだけ大きいのが好ましい。The particle size of the capsule particles 11 formed by covering the latent heat storage material 12 with the film 13 is, for example, 5 μm to 500 μm.
m, preferably 5 μm to 50 μm. In this way, the particle size of the capsule particles 11 is extremely small, and is smaller than the smallest clearance in the cooling system in which the medium 10 circulates, that is, in the internal flow path 3, the upstream flow path 4, the radiator 2, and the downstream flow path 5. The size of the capsule particles 11 is small and at least smaller than the clearance between the water pump 6 and the housing of the water pump 6 arranged in the cooling system. Therefore, in the cooling system in which the medium 10 flows, the capsule particles 11 block the flow path,
It will not be crushed by the water pump 6 etc. The smaller the capsule particles 11 are, the higher the viscosity of the medium 10 is. Therefore, it is preferable that the capsule particles 11 are as large as possible within a range in which the flow path is not blocked or ground.
【００２３】このようなカプセル粒子１１には、例えば
潜熱蓄熱材１２として融点が７５℃である日本精蝋株式
会社製のパラフィンワックスＨＮＰ−９（登録商標）を
用い、膜１３としてメラミン樹脂を用いて、in-situ重
合法によってパラフィンワックスにメラミン樹脂をコー
ティングして形成された粒径が５μｍ〜５０μｍである
粒子が挙げられる。In such capsule particles 11, for example, paraffin wax HNP-9 (registered trademark) manufactured by Nippon Seiro Co., Ltd. having a melting point of 75 ° C. is used as the latent heat storage material 12, and melamine resin is used as the film 13. Examples of the particles include paraffin wax coated with a melamine resin by an in-situ polymerization method and have a particle diameter of 5 μm to 50 μm.
【００２４】また、媒体１０の液体にカプセル粒子１１
同士の分散を促進するための物質を加えてもよい。この
ような物質の例として界面活性剤や保護コロイドが上げ
られる。界面活性剤や保護コロイドを媒体１０の液体に
加えた場合、媒体１０の液体とカプセル粒子１１との界
面エネルギが下がることにより、媒体１０内においてカ
プセル粒子１１同士がまとまることなく分散が促進され
る。このように媒体１０内でカプセル粒子１１の分散が
促進されると、結果的には媒体１０の粘性が下がること
となる。媒体１０の粘性が下がると、媒体１０内にカプ
セル粒子１１を混入させることによって増加するウォー
ターポンプ６の負荷を低減することができ、さらに偶発
的にカプセル粒子１１がまとまってそれらカプセル粒子
１１が冷却系統の流路を閉塞してしまう危険性がなくな
る。Further, the liquid of the medium 10 is mixed with the capsule particles 11
A substance may be added to promote the dispersion of the two. Examples of such substances are surfactants and protective colloids. When a surfactant or protective colloid is added to the liquid of the medium 10, the interfacial energy between the liquid of the medium 10 and the capsule particles 11 is lowered, so that the dispersion of the capsule particles 11 in the medium 10 is promoted without being aggregated together. . When the dispersion of the capsule particles 11 in the medium 10 is promoted as described above, the viscosity of the medium 10 lowers as a result. When the viscosity of the medium 10 is lowered, the load of the water pump 6 which is increased by mixing the capsule particles 11 into the medium 10 can be reduced, and the capsule particles 11 are accidentally collected to cool the capsule particles 11. There is no risk of blocking the flow path of the system.
【００２５】次に、本発明の第一の実施例に関して上記
カプセル粒子１１を含有した媒体１０の利点について説
明する。従来の冷却媒体、例えば水は比熱が比較的高
く、熱容量が大きくなってしまう。このため、冷却媒体
として水を用いた場合、内燃機関の冷間始動時に冷却媒
体の温度が上昇するまでに時間がかかってしまってい
た。内燃機関は冷却媒体の温度が低いと、すなわち内燃
機関全体の温度が低いと、フリクションの増加による燃
費の低下や燃焼が不完全で排出ガス中に燃料、スス等の
公害物質が多量に放出されることによる大気の汚染を招
いてしまう。このため、内燃機関の冷間始動時において
冷却媒体の温度が上昇するまでの長い時間の間に、燃費
の低下や大気の汚染を招いてしまっていた。また、上述
したように内燃機関の温間運転時に内燃機関において冷
却媒体に蓄えられ且つラジエータのような放熱手段にお
いて冷却媒体から放出される熱量、すなわち冷却媒体を
介した内燃機関からの放熱量はあまり大きくなかった。Next, the advantages of the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 will be described with respect to the first embodiment of the present invention. Conventional cooling media, such as water, have a relatively high specific heat and a large heat capacity. For this reason, when water is used as the cooling medium, it takes time for the temperature of the cooling medium to rise at the cold start of the internal combustion engine. When the temperature of the cooling medium of the internal combustion engine is low, that is, when the temperature of the entire internal combustion engine is low, fuel consumption is reduced due to increased friction and combustion is incomplete, and a large amount of pollutants such as fuel and soot are released into the exhaust gas. It causes air pollution. For this reason, during the cold start of the internal combustion engine, fuel consumption is reduced and air is polluted during a long time until the temperature of the cooling medium rises. Further, as described above, the amount of heat stored in the cooling medium in the internal combustion engine during the warm operation of the internal combustion engine and released from the cooling medium in the heat radiation means such as a radiator, that is, the amount of heat radiation from the internal combustion engine via the cooling medium is It wasn't too big.
【００２６】さらに通常、冷却媒体の比熱を低くする
と、それに伴って冷却媒体が蓄えることのできる熱量も
小さくなってしまい、冷却媒体を介した内燃機関からの
放熱量が小さくなってしまう。したがって、内燃機関の
冷間始動時における比熱の抑制と、温間運転時における
内燃機関からの放熱量の増加とを共に満たすような冷却
媒体はなかった。このため、内燃機関の冷間始動時と温
間運転時とにおいて流す水路を変更するなどの方式を用
いて冷間始動時における比熱の抑制と温間運転時におけ
る内燃機関からの放熱量の増加とを満たすようにした冷
却システムが用いられているが、この方式では余分に切
替弁等の部品が必要となり、システムのコストアップや
信頼性の低下の要因となっていた。Further, generally, when the specific heat of the cooling medium is lowered, the amount of heat that can be stored by the cooling medium also decreases, and the amount of heat radiation from the internal combustion engine via the cooling medium also decreases. Therefore, there has been no cooling medium that satisfies both the suppression of the specific heat at the cold start of the internal combustion engine and the increase of the heat radiation amount from the internal combustion engine at the time of the warm operation. For this reason, by suppressing the specific heat during cold starting and increasing the amount of heat radiation from the internal combustion engine during warm operation by using a method such as changing the water channel that flows between cold start and warm operation of the internal combustion engine. Although a cooling system that satisfies the above conditions is used, this system requires additional parts such as a switching valve, which has been a factor of increasing system cost and decreasing reliability.
【００２７】ところで、本発明のカプセル粒子１１の比
熱は、カプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２が相変態する
温度付近、すなわちここでは融点付近以外の温度域にお
いて水の比熱である４．１９Ｊ／ｇ・Ｋよりも小さい。
このためカプセル粒子１１を含む媒体１０の比熱は潜熱
蓄熱材１２の融点付近以外の温度域において水の比熱よ
りも小さくなる。したがって、内燃機関の冷間始動時に
おいて媒体１０は潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点付近まで、少な
くとも水よりも早く温度が上昇する。The specific heat of the capsule particles 11 of the present invention is 4.19 J / g which is the specific heat of water in the vicinity of the temperature at which the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 undergoes phase transformation, that is, in the temperature range other than the vicinity of the melting point here.・ It is smaller than K.
Therefore, the specific heat of the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 becomes smaller than the specific heat of water in the temperature range other than the vicinity of the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12. Therefore, when the internal combustion engine is cold started, the temperature of the medium 10 rises to near the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 at least faster than water.
【００２８】この後、内燃機関が十分に暖機されて温間
運転が行われると、内燃機関の燃焼室近傍の発熱部位に
おいて媒体１０は潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点を越えた温度ま
で上昇せしめられる。このときカプセル粒子１１の潜熱
蓄熱材１２は相変態、すなわち本実施例では融解する。
したがってカプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２は通常の
温度上昇によって熱を吸収するだけでなく、融解するこ
とによって潜熱として、すなわち本実施例では融解熱と
して熱を吸収して蓄える。このため、カプセル粒子１１
を含んだ媒体１０が内燃機関の燃焼室近傍で吸収する熱
量は、少なくとも水が吸収する熱量よりも大きい。そし
て、温度が高く且つ潜熱蓄熱材１２が融解しているカプ
セル粒子１１を含んだ媒体１０は、上流側流路４を介し
てラジエータ２へと運ばれる。ラジエータ２では、カプ
セル粒子１１を含む媒体１０から熱が放出されて媒体１
０の温度が下げられる。このとき、媒体１０は潜熱蓄熱
材１２が過冷却を起こした場合でさえも相変態するよう
な温度、すなわちここでは凝固するような温度まで下げ
られる。よって、カプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２は
ラジエータ２において凝固する。これによりカプセル粒
子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２は通常の温度低下によって熱を
放出するだけでなく、凝固することによって潜熱とし
て、すなわちここでは凝固熱として熱を放出する。この
ため、カプセル粒子１１を含んだ媒体１０がラジエータ
２で放出する熱量は、少なくとも水が放出する熱量より
も大きい。After that, when the internal combustion engine is sufficiently warmed up and warmed up, the medium 10 is heated to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 at the heat generating portion near the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. . At this time, the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 undergoes phase transformation, that is, melts in this embodiment.
Therefore, the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 not only absorbs heat due to a normal temperature rise but also absorbs and stores the heat as latent heat when it is melted, that is, as heat of fusion in this embodiment. Therefore, the capsule particles 11
The amount of heat absorbed by the medium 10 containing the element in the vicinity of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is at least larger than the amount of heat absorbed by water. Then, the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 in which the temperature is high and the latent heat storage material 12 is melted is carried to the radiator 2 via the upstream flow path 4. In the radiator 2, heat is released from the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 and the medium 1
The zero temperature is reduced. At this time, the medium 10 is lowered to a temperature at which the latent heat storage material 12 undergoes phase transformation even when supercooling occurs, that is, a temperature at which it solidifies here. Therefore, the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 is solidified in the radiator 2. As a result, the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 not only emits heat due to a normal temperature decrease, but also solidifies to emit heat as latent heat, that is, here as solidification heat. Therefore, the amount of heat emitted from the radiator 2 by the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 is at least larger than the amount of heat emitted by water.
【００２９】したがってカプセル粒子１１を含んだ媒体
１０を用いることにより、内燃機関の冷間始動時におい
て媒体を迅速に温度上昇させることができるようになる
と共に、内燃機関の温間運転時に内燃機関において媒体
に蓄えられ且つ放熱手段において媒体から放出される熱
量、すなわち媒体を介した内燃機関からの放熱量を大き
くすることができるようになる。Therefore, by using the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11, the temperature of the medium can be rapidly raised at the cold start of the internal combustion engine, and at the time of warm operation of the internal combustion engine. It is possible to increase the amount of heat stored in the medium and released from the medium by the heat radiating means, that is, the amount of heat radiated from the internal combustion engine via the medium.
【００３０】次に、図３および図４を用いて本発明の第
一の実施例の変更例について説明する。上記実施例と同
様に潜熱蓄熱材１２はパラフィンで形成され、その粒径
は、５μｍ〜５０μｍと非常に微粒化されている。この
ように、潜熱蓄熱材１２を微粒化すると潜熱蓄熱材１２
の過冷却が起きやすくなる傾向がある。過冷却が大きく
なりすぎると、潜熱蓄熱材１２が融解した状態で媒体１
０がラジエータ２に送られて熱を放出しても、潜熱蓄熱
材１２は凝固しなくなってしまい、よってカプセル粒子
１１を含んだ媒体がラジエータ２で放出する熱量が小さ
くなってしまう。そこで、本発明のカプセル粒子１１の
潜熱蓄熱材１２内には凝固の核となる核材料１４が混入
される。この核材料１４は例えば非常に微粒な、少なく
ともカプセル粒子１１の粒径よりも小さい金属粉であ
る。潜熱蓄熱材１２内に核材料１４を混入することで潜
熱蓄熱材１２の凝固が促進せしめられ、これによって過
度な過冷却が防止される。また、潜熱蓄熱材１２内に混
入する金属粉の大きさや量に応じて潜熱蓄熱材１２の凝
固が促進する程度を意図的に変えることができるため、
潜熱蓄熱材１２が過冷却される温度を自由に設定するこ
とができるようになる。Next, a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Similar to the above embodiment, the latent heat storage material 12 is made of paraffin, and the particle size thereof is 5 μm to 50 μm, which is extremely finely divided. In this way, when the latent heat storage material 12 is atomized, the latent heat storage material 12 is
Overcooling tends to occur. If the supercooling becomes too large, the medium 1 with the latent heat storage material 12 melted
Even if 0 is sent to the radiator 2 to release heat, the latent heat storage material 12 does not solidify, and thus the amount of heat released from the medium containing the capsule particles 11 in the radiator 2 becomes small. Therefore, the nuclear material 14 which becomes the nucleus of solidification is mixed in the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particle 11 of the present invention. The core material 14 is, for example, a very fine metal powder that is at least smaller than the particle size of the capsule particles 11. By mixing the nuclear material 14 into the latent heat storage material 12, solidification of the latent heat storage material 12 is promoted, and thereby excessive supercooling is prevented. Further, the degree to which the solidification of the latent heat storage material 12 is accelerated can be intentionally changed according to the size and amount of the metal powder mixed in the latent heat storage material 12,
The temperature at which the latent heat storage material 12 is supercooled can be freely set.
【００３１】例として、核材料１４が混入されたカプセ
ル粒子１１の示差熱分析の結果を図４に示す。図４のｘ
軸は時間を示し、ｙ軸はカプセル粒子１１の温度と示差
熱分析装置（ＤＴＡ）の熱電対に生じた起電力とを示
す。示差熱分析装置の出力はカプセル粒子１１に吸熱反
応が起こっている時に負方向、すなわち図４において下
向きに振れ、カプセル粒子１１に発熱反応が起こってい
る時に正方向、すなわち図４において上向きに振れる。
この時のカプセル粒子１１の粒径は約１５μｍであり、
その融点は約７５℃である。図４から分かるように、カ
プセル粒子１１の昇温時には約７５℃付近で吸熱反応が
起きている。これはカプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２
が融解することによって起こる吸熱反応であると考えら
れる。そして、カプセル粒子１１の降温時には約５５℃
付近で発熱反応が起きている。これはカプセル粒子１１
の潜熱蓄熱材１２が凝固することによって起こる発熱反
応であると考えられるが、潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点よりも
温度が低い。すなわち、潜熱蓄熱材１２を含むカプセル
粒子１１は降温時において７５℃〜５５℃の間で過冷却
になっていることが分かる。As an example, the results of the differential thermal analysis of the capsule particles 11 mixed with the core material 14 are shown in FIG. X in FIG.
The axis shows time, and the y axis shows the temperature of the capsule particles 11 and the electromotive force generated in the thermocouple of the differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The output of the differential thermal analyzer swings negatively when the endothermic reaction is occurring in the capsule particles 11, that is, downward in FIG. 4, and positive when the exothermic reaction occurs in the capsule particles 11, that is, upward in FIG. .
At this time, the particle size of the capsule particles 11 is about 15 μm,
Its melting point is about 75 ° C. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the endothermic reaction occurs at about 75 ° C. when the temperature of the capsule particles 11 is raised. This is the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11.
It is considered to be an endothermic reaction caused by melting of. And, when the temperature of the capsule particles 11 is lowered, it is about 55 ° C.
An exothermic reaction is occurring in the vicinity. This is capsule particle 11
It is considered that this is an exothermic reaction caused by solidification of the latent heat storage material 12, but the temperature is lower than the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12. That is, it can be seen that the capsule particles 11 including the latent heat storage material 12 are supercooled between 75 ° C and 55 ° C when the temperature is lowered.
【００３２】なお、上述した第一の実施例では、潜熱蓄
熱材１２の融点を４０℃〜１００℃としたが、潜熱蓄熱
材１２の融点は熱を潜熱として蓄えるべき領域、すなわ
ち内燃機関本体１の燃焼室近傍の発熱部位の温度よりも
低く且つ潜熱を放出すべき領域、すなわちラジエータ２
における温度よりも高ければよい。より詳細には、潜熱
蓄熱材１２の融点は、内燃機関本体１の燃料室近傍の発
熱部位において媒体１０が到達する温度よりも低く且つ
ラジエータ２において媒体１０が到達する温度よりも高
く、内燃機関本体１の燃料室近傍の発熱部位において媒
体１０が到達する温度に近いほど好ましい。In the first embodiment described above, the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 is 40 ° C. to 100 ° C., but the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 is a region where heat should be stored as latent heat, that is, the internal combustion engine body 1 Of the radiator 2 which is lower than the temperature of the heat-generating portion near the combustion chamber and in which latent heat is to be released, that is, the radiator 2
Higher than the temperature at. More specifically, the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 is lower than the temperature reached by the medium 10 in the heat generating portion near the fuel chamber of the internal combustion engine body 1 and higher than the temperature reached by the medium 10 in the radiator 2, It is more preferable that the temperature is closer to the temperature reached by the medium 10 in the heat generating portion near the fuel chamber of the main body 1.
【００３３】次に図５を参照して本発明の第二の実施例
について説明する。図５に示したように第二の実施例で
は、第一の実施例の冷却系統に加えて蓄熱槽２１が設け
られる。蓄熱槽２１はその周りに簡単な構成の断熱層２
２を有する。蓄熱槽２１には入口と出口とがそれぞれ一
つずつ設けられ、蓄熱槽２１の入口には槽用上流側流路
２３が流体的に連結される。槽用上流側流路２３は上流
側流路４近傍の内燃機関本体１の機関内流路３に流体的
に連結される。さらに蓄熱槽２１の出口には槽用下流側
流路２４が流体的に連結され、この槽用下流側流路２３
は下流側流路５近傍であってウォーターポンプ６よりも
内燃機関側の内燃機関本体１の機関内流路３に流体的に
連結される。また、槽用下流側流路２４にはポンプ２５
が介在せしめられる。ポンプ２５は電子制御装置（ＥＣ
Ｕ）２６に接続され、電子制御装置２６には各種センサ
２７からの信号が送られるようになっている。ポンプ２
５は、電子制御装置２６が各種センサ２７から信号を受
け、その後電子制御装置２６内で計算が行われた後に電
子制御装置２６から送られた信号に応じて駆動せしめら
れる。ポンプ２５は駆動されると蓄熱槽２１内の媒体を
機関内流路３へと送り出す。Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in the second embodiment, a heat storage tank 21 is provided in addition to the cooling system of the first embodiment. The heat storage tank 21 has a simple structure around the heat insulation layer 2
Have two. The heat storage tank 21 is provided with one inlet and one outlet, and the tank upstream side flow path 23 is fluidly connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank 21. The tank upstream side flow passage 23 is fluidly connected to the internal flow passage 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1 in the vicinity of the upstream side flow passage 4. Further, a tank downstream side channel 24 is fluidly connected to the outlet of the heat storage tank 21, and the tank downstream side channel 23
Is fluidly connected to the internal flow path 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1 on the internal combustion engine side of the water pump 6 in the vicinity of the downstream flow path 5. In addition, a pump 25 is provided in the tank downstream side channel 24.
Is intervened. The pump 25 is an electronic control unit (EC
U) 26, and signals from various sensors 27 are sent to the electronic control unit 26. Pump 2
The electronic control unit 26 is driven in response to the signals sent from the electronic control unit 26 after the electronic control unit 26 receives signals from the various sensors 27 and thereafter calculations are performed in the electronic control unit 26. When the pump 25 is driven, the medium in the heat storage tank 21 is sent to the in-engine flow path 3.
【００３４】次に、本発明の第二の実施例の作動につい
て説明する。第二の実施例では、内燃機関の温間運転中
において、ポンプ２５によって蓄熱槽２１内のカプセル
粒子１１を含む媒体１０が機関内流路３へ送り込まれ
る。このとき、ポンプ２５は定期的に一定時間だけ駆動
せしめられるか、または非常に弱い力で内燃機関が温間
運転中にある間ずっと駆動せしめられる。このようにし
て、蓄熱槽２１内には内燃機関の温間運転中に潜熱蓄熱
材１２が融解したカプセル粒子１１を含む媒体１０が蓄
えられる。すなわち、蓄熱槽２１には内燃機関の温間運
転中に多くの熱量が蓄えられる。蓄熱槽２１は上述した
ように断熱層２２に囲われているため、内燃機関の温間
運転が停止しても蓄熱槽２１内に蓄えられた媒体１０は
潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点以上に保温されるか、または潜熱
蓄熱材１２が過冷却を起こして凝固しない温度以上に保
温される。Next, the operation of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, during warm operation of the internal combustion engine, the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 in the heat storage tank 21 is sent to the engine internal flow path 3 by the pump 25. At this time, the pump 25 is periodically driven for a fixed time, or is driven with a very weak force while the internal combustion engine is warm. In this way, the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 in which the latent heat storage material 12 is melted during the warm operation of the internal combustion engine is stored in the heat storage tank 21. That is, a large amount of heat is stored in the heat storage tank 21 during the warm operation of the internal combustion engine. Since the heat storage tank 21 is surrounded by the heat insulating layer 22 as described above, the medium 10 stored in the heat storage tank 21 is kept at a temperature higher than the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 even if the warm operation of the internal combustion engine is stopped. Or the latent heat storage material 12 is kept at a temperature not lower than the temperature at which it does not solidify due to supercooling.
【００３５】この後、例えば車両の場合、運転者が運転
席に着座したことを検知した信号や、運転席のドアが開
いたことを検知した信号や、または内燃機関が冷間始動
したことを検知した信号が各種センサ２７から電子制御
装置２６に送られる。電子制御装置２６はこのような信
号を受けると、ポンプ２５を駆動させる。このとき、上
述したようにカプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２は融解
した状態にあり、ポンプ２５によってカプセル粒子１１
を含んだ媒体１０が蓄熱槽２１から内燃機関本体１の機
関内流路３へと送られる。冷間始動時には内燃機関本体
１は温度が低いため、カプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１
２は温度が下がって凝固する。潜熱蓄熱材１２が凝固す
るときに、潜熱蓄熱材１２は潜熱、ここでは凝固熱とし
て大きな熱を放出する。これにより内燃機関本体１およ
び機関内流路３内の媒体１０の温度は、少なくとも媒体
にカプセル粒子が混入されていない場合に比べて早期に
上昇する。さらに、上述したようにカプセル粒子１１の
比熱が１．０以下であることによっても内燃機関本体１
および機関内流路３内の媒体１０は早期に上昇する。Thereafter, for example, in the case of a vehicle, a signal indicating that the driver is sitting in the driver's seat, a signal indicating that the door of the driver's seat is opened, or a signal indicating that the internal combustion engine has been cold started is displayed. The detected signal is sent from the various sensors 27 to the electronic control unit 26. When the electronic control unit 26 receives such a signal, it drives the pump 25. At this time, as described above, the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 is in a melted state, and the capsule particles 11 are pumped by the pump 25.
The medium 10 containing is sent from the heat storage tank 21 to the internal flow path 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1. Since the temperature of the internal combustion engine body 1 is low at the cold start, the latent heat storage material 1 of the capsule particles 11 is
No. 2 cools down and solidifies. When the latent heat storage material 12 solidifies, the latent heat storage material 12 releases latent heat, here, a large amount of heat as solidification heat. As a result, the temperature of the medium 10 in the internal combustion engine body 1 and the in-engine flow passage 3 rises at an earlier stage than at least when the medium contains no capsule particles. Furthermore, as described above, the internal heat of the internal combustion engine body 1 is also due to the specific heat of the capsule particles 11 being 1.0 or less.
And the medium 10 in the internal flow path 3 rises early.
【００３６】本発明の第二の実施例の利点について説明
する。従来においても、冷間始動時に積極的に内燃機関
を暖める方法として、上述したように内燃機関の温間運
転時に蓄熱槽に蓄えられた熱を冷間始動時に放出するこ
とで内燃機関の早期暖機を図る方法が検討されてきた。
これら方法の中には、蓄熱槽内に大きな蓄熱材を取付け
て、温間運転中に蓄熱材に熱を蓄えさせると共に冷間始
動時にその熱を放出させることによって、より小さな容
積で多くの熱が蓄えられる方式が提案されている。しか
し、この方式では、蓄熱材の表面積が小さいため冷却媒
体となる水との接触面積が小さく、このため熱交換速度
が遅くなってしまい、よって冷間始動初期に急速に内燃
機関を暖めることができなかった。ここで、本発明の第
二の実施例では蓄熱槽内に取付けられた大きな蓄熱材を
用いずに、潜熱蓄熱材１２を膜１３で覆った微粒なカプ
セル粒子１１を用いている。カプセル粒子１１が微粒で
あるため、すなわち潜熱蓄熱材１２が微粒であるため、
従来の蓄熱材が蓄熱槽内に固定されている場合に比べて
潜熱蓄熱材１２と媒体１０の液体との接触面積が大きく
なる。このため、潜熱蓄熱材１２と媒体１０の液体との
熱交換速度が速くなり、潜熱蓄熱材１２から早期に熱が
放出され、よって冷間始動時に急速に内燃機関を暖める
ことができる。The advantages of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Even in the past, as a method of actively warming the internal combustion engine at the cold start, as described above, the heat stored in the heat storage tank during the warm operation of the internal combustion engine is released at the cold start to quickly warm the internal combustion engine. Ways have been explored.
In some of these methods, a large heat storage material is installed in the heat storage tank to store heat in the heat storage material during warm operation and to release that heat during cold start, thereby providing a large volume of heat in a smaller volume. Has been proposed. However, in this method, since the surface area of the heat storage material is small, the contact area with water serving as a cooling medium is small, and therefore the heat exchange rate becomes slow, and therefore the internal combustion engine can be rapidly warmed in the early stage of cold start. could not. Here, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the large-capacity heat storage material mounted in the heat storage tank is not used, but the fine heat-storage material 12 is covered with the film 13, and the fine capsule particles 11 are used. Since the capsule particles 11 are fine particles, that is, the latent heat storage material 12 is fine particles,
The contact area between the latent heat storage material 12 and the liquid of the medium 10 is larger than that in the case where the conventional heat storage material is fixed in the heat storage tank. Therefore, the rate of heat exchange between the latent heat storage material 12 and the liquid of the medium 10 is increased, and heat is released from the latent heat storage material 12 at an early stage, so that the internal combustion engine can be rapidly warmed during cold start.
【００３７】さらに、従来の蓄熱材を備えた蓄熱槽を用
いた場合には、蓄熱材に蓄えられた熱は内燃機関の冷間
始動時において蓄熱槽を通過する冷却媒体に放出され
る。したがって、蓄熱槽で暖められた冷却媒体は機関内
流路と蓄熱槽とを連結する流路を通って機関内流路へと
送られ、その後内燃機関本体を暖める。このため、蓄熱
槽内に蓄熱材を配置した場合には内燃機関が暖機され始
めるのに時間がかかっていた。ここで、本発明の第二の
実施例では、潜熱蓄熱材１２を有するカプセル粒子１１
が直接内燃機関本体１の機関内流路３内に送られる。こ
のため潜熱蓄熱材１２はほぼ直接的に内燃機関本体１を
暖機することになる。すなわち従来の例で考えると、蓄
熱材がほぼ直接的に内燃機関本体を暖機することにな
る。このため、第二の実施例によれば、内燃機関の冷間
始動時において内燃機関の暖機の時間遅れを小さくする
ことができるようになる。Further, when the conventional heat storage tank provided with the heat storage material is used, the heat stored in the heat storage material is released to the cooling medium passing through the heat storage tank when the internal combustion engine is cold started. Therefore, the cooling medium warmed in the heat storage tank is sent to the internal flow path through the flow path connecting the internal flow path and the thermal storage tank, and then heats the internal combustion engine body. Therefore, when the heat storage material is arranged in the heat storage tank, it takes time for the internal combustion engine to start warming up. Here, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the capsule particles 11 having the latent heat storage material 12 are used.
Are directly sent into the internal flow path 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1. Therefore, the latent heat storage material 12 warms up the internal combustion engine body 1 almost directly. That is, considering the conventional example, the heat storage material warms up the internal combustion engine body almost directly. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to reduce the time delay of warming up the internal combustion engine when the internal combustion engine is cold started.
【００３８】図６を参照して本発明の第二の実施例の変
更例について説明する。第二の実施例の変更例では、蓄
熱槽２１が第二の実施例の蓄熱槽と異なっており、この
蓄熱槽２１を図６に示した。蓄熱槽２１内には、例えば
セロハンやセラミック製ろ過板のような、隙間の開いて
いる分離膜２８が設けられる。分離膜２８の隙間はカプ
セル粒子１１がそこを通過しないようにカプセル粒子１
１の粒径よりも小さい。さらに蓄熱槽２１には一つの入
口と、二つの出口とが設けられる。蓄熱槽２１の入口は
第二の実施例と同様に槽用上流側流路２３に流体的に連
結される。蓄熱槽２１の出口の一方は第一の弁２９を介
して槽用下流側流路２４に流体的に連結され、蓄熱槽２
１の出口の他方は第二の弁３０を介して槽用下流側流路
２４に流体的に連結される。これら弁２９、３０は電子
制御装置２６に接続されており、これら弁２９、３０の
作動は電子制御装置２６によって制御される。また、第
二の実施例と異なり、ポンプ２５は槽用下流側流路２４
ではなく槽用上流側流路２３に介在せしめられる。A modification of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the modification of the second embodiment, the heat storage tank 21 is different from the heat storage tank of the second embodiment, and this heat storage tank 21 is shown in FIG. In the heat storage tank 21, there is provided a separation membrane 28 having a gap, such as cellophane or a ceramic filter plate. The gap between the separation membranes 28 is formed so that the capsule particles 11 do not pass therethrough.
The particle size is smaller than 1. Further, the heat storage tank 21 is provided with one inlet and two outlets. The inlet of the heat storage tank 21 is fluidly connected to the tank upstream side channel 23 as in the second embodiment. One of the outlets of the heat storage tank 21 is fluidly connected to the tank downstream side channel 24 via the first valve 29,
The other of the outlets of 1 is fluidly connected to the downstream channel 24 for the tank via the second valve 30. These valves 29, 30 are connected to an electronic control unit 26, and the operation of these valves 29, 30 is controlled by the electronic control unit 26. Further, unlike the second embodiment, the pump 25 is used in the tank downstream flow path 24.
Instead, it is interposed in the upstream channel 23 for the tank.
【００３９】次に、第二の実施例の変更例の蓄熱槽の作
動について説明する。まず、内燃機関が完全に暖機され
て温間運転が行われている間、第一の弁２９は全開であ
り第二の弁３０は閉じているか、または第二の弁３０を
通過する媒体１０の量が第一の弁２９を通過する媒体の
量よりも少なくなる程度に開かれる。この場合、ポンプ
２５によって蓄熱槽２１へと送られてきた媒体１０は、
主に第一の弁２９側の出口から槽用下流側流路２４へと
流出する。このため、媒体１０の少なくともほとんどは
分離膜２８を通過する。ここで、上述したように分離膜
２８の隙間はカプセル粒子１１の粒径よりも小さい。こ
のため、カプセル粒子１１は分離膜２８を通過すること
ができず、蓄熱槽２１内に溜まる。したがって、蓄熱槽
２１内のカプセル粒子の濃度、すなわち媒体１０におけ
るカプセル粒子１１の存在比率は、少なくとも分離膜２
８を設けていない時の蓄熱槽２１内のカプセル粒子の濃
度に比べて高くなる。すなわち、内燃機関の温間運転時
に潜熱蓄熱材１２が融解して熱を蓄えているカプセル粒
子１１が蓄熱槽２１内に捕集される。Next, the operation of the heat storage tank of the modification of the second embodiment will be described. First, while the internal combustion engine is completely warmed up and the warm operation is performed, the first valve 29 is fully opened and the second valve 30 is closed, or the medium passing through the second valve 30 is used. Open to the extent that the volume of 10 is less than the volume of media passing through the first valve 29. In this case, the medium 10 sent to the heat storage tank 21 by the pump 25 is
Mainly flows out from the outlet on the side of the first valve 29 to the tank downstream side flow path 24. Therefore, at least most of the medium 10 passes through the separation membrane 28. Here, as described above, the gap between the separation membranes 28 is smaller than the particle size of the capsule particles 11. Therefore, the capsule particles 11 cannot pass through the separation membrane 28 and are accumulated in the heat storage tank 21. Therefore, the concentration of the capsule particles in the heat storage tank 21, that is, the abundance ratio of the capsule particles 11 in the medium 10 is at least the separation membrane 2
The concentration is higher than the concentration of the capsule particles in the heat storage tank 21 when 8 is not provided. That is, during the warm operation of the internal combustion engine, the latent heat storage material 12 is melted and the capsule particles 11 storing heat are collected in the heat storage tank 21.
【００４０】この後、内燃機関の温間運転が停止せしめ
られると、熱を蓄えたカプセル粒子１１は蓄熱槽２１内
において潜熱蓄熱材１２が融解した状態で保温される。
内燃機関が冷間始動されると、電子制御装置２６からの
信号によって第一の弁２９が閉じられ、且つ第二の弁３
０が開かれる。このため、蓄熱槽２１内で保温されたカ
プセル粒子１１の濃度が高い媒体１０は、第二の弁３０
を通って機関内流路３内に供給され、これにより内燃機
関本体１が暖機される。この第二の実施例の変更例で
は、機関内流路３に供給されるカプセル粒子１１の濃度
が高いことから、少なくとも第二の実施例よりも大きな
熱量で内燃機関本体１を暖機することができる。なお、
弁２９、３０の開閉信号は、電子制御装置が内燃機関側
の水温センサ等から内燃機関の状態を判断して弁２９、
３０に送られる。すなわち、内燃機関が冷間始動である
場合には第二の弁３０が開かれ、内燃機関が温間始動で
ある場合には主に第一の弁２９が開かれる。このように
第二の実施例の変更例では、蓄熱槽内にある媒体のカプ
セル粒子の濃度を上げることによって蓄熱槽内に大きな
熱が蓄えられ、蓄えられた熱を機関始動時に内燃機関に
放出することによって早期に内燃機関を暖機することが
できる。After that, when the warm operation of the internal combustion engine is stopped, the heat-accumulated capsule particles 11 are kept warm in the heat storage tank 21 with the latent heat storage material 12 melted.
When the internal combustion engine is cold started, a signal from the electronic control unit 26 causes the first valve 29 to close and the second valve 3 to
0 is opened. Therefore, the medium 10 in which the concentration of the capsule particles 11 kept warm in the heat storage tank 21 is high is the second valve 30.
And is supplied to the internal flow path 3 of the engine, thereby warming up the internal combustion engine body 1. In this modified example of the second embodiment, since the concentration of the capsule particles 11 supplied to the internal flow passage 3 is high, the internal combustion engine body 1 is warmed up with at least a larger amount of heat than in the second embodiment. You can In addition,
The open / close signals of the valves 29, 30 are determined by the electronic control unit from the water temperature sensor or the like on the internal combustion engine side to determine the state of the internal combustion engine.
Sent to 30. That is, when the internal combustion engine is cold started, the second valve 30 is opened, and when the internal combustion engine is warm started, the first valve 29 is mainly opened. As described above, in the modified example of the second embodiment, a large amount of heat is stored in the heat storage tank by increasing the concentration of the capsule particles of the medium in the heat storage tank, and the stored heat is released to the internal combustion engine when the engine is started. By doing so, the internal combustion engine can be warmed up early.
【００４１】図７を参照して本発明の第二の実施例の別
の変更例について説明する。この変更例の蓄熱槽２１は
図７に示したように上記変更例の蓄熱槽から分離膜が取
り除かれている。また、この変更例の蓄熱槽２１には一
つの入口３１と、二つの出口３２、３３とが設けられ
る。蓄熱槽２１の入口３１と出口３３とは蓄熱槽２１の
鉛直方向下方に設けられ、出口３２は蓄熱槽２１の鉛直
方向上方に設けられる。蓄熱槽２１の入口３１は上記変
更例と同様に槽用上流側流路２３に流体的に連結され
る。蓄熱槽２１の一方の出口３２は第一の弁２９を介し
て槽用下流側流路２４に流体的に連結され、蓄熱槽２１
の他方の出口３３は第二の弁３０を介して槽用下流側流
路２４に流体的に連結される。これら弁２９、３０は電
子制御装置２６に接続されており、これら弁２９、３０
の作動は電子制御装置２６によって制御される。また、
一般に物質の比重は液相よりも固相の方が大きく、本変
更例のカプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２も液相よりも
固相の方が比重が大きい。そこで、本変更例では、カプ
セル粒子１１は、潜熱蓄熱材１２が液相である場合に媒
体１０の液体よりも比重が小さく、潜熱蓄熱材１２が固
相である場合に媒体１０の液体よりも比重が大きくなる
ように形成される。このため蓄熱槽２１内に送られた媒
体１０において、媒体１０内のカプセル粒子１１の潜熱
蓄熱材１２が液相であるカプセル粒子１１は媒体１０の
液体よりも比重が小さいために蓄熱槽２１の上部にたま
り、潜熱蓄熱材１２が固相のカプセル粒子１１は媒体１
０の液体よりも比重が大きいために蓄熱槽２１の下部に
たまる。Another modification of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the heat storage tank 21 of this modification, as shown in FIG. 7, the separation membrane is removed from the heat storage tank of the above modification. Further, the heat storage tank 21 of this modified example is provided with one inlet 31 and two outlets 32 and 33. The inlet 31 and the outlet 33 of the heat storage tank 21 are provided vertically below the heat storage tank 21, and the outlet 32 is provided vertically above the heat storage tank 21. The inlet 31 of the heat storage tank 21 is fluidly connected to the tank upstream-side flow path 23 as in the above modification. One outlet 32 of the heat storage tank 21 is fluidly connected to the tank downstream flow path 24 via the first valve 29.
The other outlet 33 is fluidly connected to the tank downstream side channel 24 via the second valve 30. These valves 29, 30 are connected to the electronic control unit 26 and these valves 29, 30
Is controlled by the electronic control unit 26. Also,
In general, the specific gravity of the substance is larger in the solid phase than in the liquid phase, and the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 of this modified example also has the larger specific gravity in the solid phase than in the liquid phase. Therefore, in this modification, the capsule particles 11 have a smaller specific gravity than the liquid of the medium 10 when the latent heat storage material 12 is in the liquid phase, and are smaller than the liquid of the medium 10 when the latent heat storage material 12 is in the solid phase. It is formed to have a large specific gravity. Therefore, in the medium 10 sent to the heat storage tank 21, the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 in the medium 10 in the liquid phase has a smaller specific gravity than the liquid of the medium 10, and thus the heat storage tank 21 has a smaller specific gravity. The capsule particles 11 accumulated in the upper part and having the latent heat storage material 12 in the solid phase are the medium 1
Since the specific gravity is larger than that of the liquid of 0, it accumulates in the lower part of the heat storage tank 21.
【００４２】次に、第二の実施例の別の変更例の蓄熱槽
の作動について説明する。まず、内燃機関の冷間始動時
において第一の弁２９が開かれ、第二の弁３０が閉じら
れる。このため、蓄熱槽２１内において上部にたまって
いる潜熱蓄熱材１２が液相にあるカプセル粒子１１、す
なわち熱を蓄えたカプセル粒子１１が槽用下流側流路２
４を通って内燃機関本体１の機関内流路３へ送られる。
これにより内燃機関が早期に暖機される。この場合、主
に潜熱蓄熱材１２が固相にある比重の大きいカプセル粒
子１１が機関内流路３から蓄熱槽２１に流入する。内燃
機関が十分に暖まって温間運転を行い、内燃機関の暖機
が不要になってから、第一の弁２９を閉じて第二の弁３
０を開く。これにより、機関内流路３から蓄熱槽２１内
に流入した媒体１０のカプセル粒子１１は潜熱蓄熱材１
２が固相にあるものが蓄熱槽２１下部へ、潜熱蓄熱材１
２が液相にあるものが蓄熱槽２１上部へと分かれ、潜熱
蓄熱材１２が固相にあるカプセル粒子１１が第二の弁３
０と槽用下流側流路２４とを通って内燃機関本体１の機
関内流路３へと送られる。すなわち、熱を蓄えたカプセ
ル粒子１１は蓄熱槽２１内に残り、熱を蓄える余力のあ
るカプセル粒子１１は機関内流路３へと送られて、内燃
機関によって暖められて蓄熱槽２１へと再び戻ってく
る。したがって、第二の実施例の別の変更例では、潜熱
蓄熱材１２の相変態を利用してカプセル粒子１１を分離
することにより、潜熱蓄熱材１２が熱を蓄えた状態でカ
プセル粒子１１を蓄熱槽２１に溜めることができるよう
になり、よって効果的な蓄熱が可能になる。なお、ここ
では重力によって蓄熱槽の上部と下部とにカプセル粒子
を分離させる方法を説明したが、蓄熱槽に流れ込む流体
に旋回流を起こさせ、その旋回流における遠心力によっ
てカプセル粒子を分離させることも同様に有効である。Next, the operation of the heat storage tank of another modification of the second embodiment will be described. First, when the internal combustion engine is cold started, the first valve 29 is opened and the second valve 30 is closed. Therefore, the latent heat storage material 12 accumulated in the upper portion of the heat storage tank 21 is in the liquid phase of the capsule particles 11, that is, the capsule particles 11 storing heat are the tank downstream side flow paths 2
It is sent to the internal flow path 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1 through
As a result, the internal combustion engine is warmed up early. In this case, mainly the latent heat storage material 12 is in the solid phase and the capsule particles 11 having a large specific gravity flow into the heat storage tank 21 from the internal flow path 3 of the engine. After the internal combustion engine has sufficiently warmed up to perform warm operation and warming up of the internal combustion engine is no longer required, the first valve 29 is closed and the second valve 3 is closed.
Open 0. As a result, the capsule particles 11 of the medium 10 that have flowed into the heat storage tank 21 from the internal flow path 3 are transferred to the latent heat storage material 1.
2 is in the solid phase to the bottom of the heat storage tank 21, the latent heat storage material 1
2 in the liquid phase is divided into the upper part of the heat storage tank 21, and the latent heat storage material 12 is in the solid phase.
0 and the tank downstream side flow passage 24 to be sent to the internal flow passage 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1. That is, the capsule particles 11 that have stored heat remain in the heat storage tank 21, and the capsule particles 11 that have a surplus capacity to store heat are sent to the internal flow path 3 and are warmed by the internal combustion engine to be returned to the heat storage tank 21 again. Come back. Therefore, in another modification of the second embodiment, the phase change of the latent heat storage material 12 is used to separate the capsule particles 11, so that the latent heat storage material 12 stores heat in a state where the latent heat storage material 12 stores heat. Since it can be stored in the tank 21, effective heat storage is possible. Here, the method of separating the capsule particles into the upper part and the lower part of the heat storage tank by gravity has been described, but a swirling flow is caused in the fluid flowing into the heat storage tank, and the capsule particles are separated by the centrifugal force in the swirling flow. Is equally effective.
【００４３】次に、図８を参照して本発明の第三の実施
例について説明する。第三の実施例では、第二の実施例
と同様に第一の実施例の冷却系統に加えて蓄熱槽４１が
設けられる。さらに、蓄熱槽４１はその周りに簡単な構
成の断熱層４２を有する。蓄熱槽４１内には螺旋状の管
である熱交換器４３が設けられる。この熱交換器４３の
管の一方の端部は槽用上流側流路２３に流体的に連結さ
れ、他方の端部は槽用下流側流路２４に流体的に連結さ
れる。第二の実施例と同様に、槽用上流側流路２３は上
流側流路４近傍の内燃機関本体１の機関内流路３に流体
的に連結され、槽用下流側流路２４は下流側流路５近傍
であってウォーターポンプ６よりも内燃機関側の内燃機
関本体１の機関内流路３に流体的に連結される。本実施
例では、機関内流路３と槽用下流側流路２４と熱交換器
４３の管内と槽用上流側流路２３とを循環するのは冷却
水であり、この冷却水はカプセル粒子１１を含んだもの
であってもよいし、カプセル粒子１１を含まないもので
あってもよい。Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the third embodiment, as in the second embodiment, a heat storage tank 41 is provided in addition to the cooling system of the first embodiment. Further, the heat storage tank 41 has a heat insulating layer 42 having a simple structure around the heat storage tank 41. A heat exchanger 43, which is a spiral tube, is provided in the heat storage tank 41. One end of the pipe of the heat exchanger 43 is fluidly connected to the tank upstream side flow path 23, and the other end is fluidly connected to the tank downstream side flow path 24. Similarly to the second embodiment, the tank upstream side flow path 23 is fluidly connected to the in-engine flow path 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1 near the upstream side flow path 4, and the tank downstream side flow path 24 is downstream. It is fluidly connected to the internal flow path 3 of the internal combustion engine body 1 near the side flow path 5 and closer to the internal combustion engine than the water pump 6. In the present embodiment, it is cooling water that circulates in the internal flow path 3, the tank downstream flow path 24, the pipe of the heat exchanger 43 and the tank upstream flow path 23, and this cooling water is capsule particles. 11 may be included, or the capsule particles 11 may not be included.
【００４４】また、第二の実施例と同様に、槽用下流側
流路２４にはポンプ２５が介在せしめられ、ポンプ２５
は電子制御装置（ＥＣＵ）２６に接続される。第三の実
施例の蓄熱槽４１内にはさらにファン４４が設けられ
る。ファン４４は蓄熱槽４１の外部に取付けられたモー
タ４５によって駆動される。ファン４４を駆動するモー
タ４５は電子制御装置２６に接続され、この電子制御装
置２６からの信号によって制御される。蓄熱槽４１内で
あって熱交換器４３の管の外側にはカプセル粒子１１を
含む媒体１０が充填される。Further, similarly to the second embodiment, a pump 25 is interposed in the tank downstream side channel 24, and the pump 25
Is connected to an electronic control unit (ECU) 26. A fan 44 is further provided in the heat storage tank 41 of the third embodiment. The fan 44 is driven by a motor 45 attached outside the heat storage tank 41. The motor 45 that drives the fan 44 is connected to the electronic control unit 26 and is controlled by a signal from the electronic control unit 26. Inside the heat storage tank 41 and outside the tube of the heat exchanger 43, the medium 10 containing the capsule particles 11 is filled.
【００４５】次に、本発明の第三の実施例の作動につい
て説明する。内燃機関の温間運転中には、機関内流路３
を通る冷却水が内燃機関の発熱部位において暖められ、
暖められた冷却水が熱交換器４３の管内へと送られる。
熱交換器４３では、冷却水から蓄熱槽４１内に充填され
た媒体１０へと熱が移動し、媒体１０内のカプセル粒子
１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２は融解して熱を蓄える。したがっ
て、内燃機関が温間運転を行うと、蓄熱槽４１内のカプ
セル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２のほとんどが融解せしめ
られる。そして、内燃機関が停止せしめられると冷却水
の流れは停止し、蓄熱槽４１内に充填された媒体１０の
温度は徐々に低下する。これに伴って、カプセル粒子１
１およびカプセル粒子１１の潜熱蓄熱材１２の温度も低
下する。内燃機関を停止してから時間が経過するにつれ
て媒体１０、カプセル粒子１１、および潜熱蓄熱材１２
の温度は低下し、ついには潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点を下回
る。しかしながら、潜熱蓄熱材１２が微粒化されている
ことにより、潜熱蓄熱材１２は過冷却状態となる。した
がって温度が潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点以下になっても、潜
熱蓄熱材１２は液相のままであり、すなわち過冷却状態
で熱を蓄え続ける。また、潜熱蓄熱材１２には潜熱蓄熱
材１２に衝撃が加えられない状態で過冷却されたうえで
凝固してしまう温度があるが、蓄熱槽４１の断熱層４２
により媒体１０はその温度より低下しないように保持さ
れる。言い換えると、本実施例の潜熱蓄熱材１２の融点
は、潜熱蓄熱材１２に熱が潜熱として蓄えられることが
停止された後、すなわち潜熱蓄熱材１２が融点を越えて
昇温した後に、潜熱蓄熱材１２から潜熱を積極的に放出
させるまでの間に潜熱蓄熱材１２から熱が自然放熱さ
れ、これにより潜熱蓄熱材１２の温度が上記融点を越え
て低くなったとしても冷却効果によって潜熱蓄熱材の相
変態が生じないような温度である。Next, the operation of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described. During the warm operation of the internal combustion engine, the internal flow path 3
The cooling water that passes through is heated at the heat generation site of the internal combustion engine,
The warmed cooling water is sent into the pipe of the heat exchanger 43.
In the heat exchanger 43, heat is transferred from the cooling water to the medium 10 filled in the heat storage tank 41, and the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 in the medium 10 is melted and stores heat. Therefore, when the internal combustion engine performs the warm operation, most of the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 in the heat storage tank 41 is melted. Then, when the internal combustion engine is stopped, the flow of the cooling water is stopped, and the temperature of the medium 10 filled in the heat storage tank 41 gradually decreases. Along with this, capsule particles 1
1 and the temperature of the latent heat storage material 12 of the capsule particles 11 also decrease. As time passes after the internal combustion engine is stopped, the medium 10, the capsule particles 11, and the latent heat storage material 12
Temperature decreases, and finally falls below the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12. However, since the latent heat storage material 12 is atomized, the latent heat storage material 12 is in a supercooled state. Therefore, even if the temperature becomes equal to or lower than the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12, the latent heat storage material 12 remains in the liquid phase, that is, continues to store heat in a supercooled state. Further, the latent heat storage material 12 has a temperature at which the latent heat storage material 12 is supercooled and solidifies without being impacted, but the heat insulation layer 42 of the heat storage tank 41 is present.
Thus, the medium 10 is held so as not to drop below the temperature. In other words, the melting point of the latent heat storage material 12 of the present embodiment is the latent heat storage material after the storage of heat as latent heat in the latent heat storage material 12 is stopped, that is, after the latent heat storage material 12 rises above the melting point. Heat is naturally radiated from the latent heat storage material 12 until the latent heat storage material 12 is positively released, and even if the temperature of the latent heat storage material 12 is lowered below the melting point by the cooling effect, the latent heat storage material 12 is cooled. The temperature is such that no phase transformation occurs.
【００４６】内燃機関の冷間始動時には、内燃機関の始
動の信号等により、蓄熱槽４１内のファン４５が駆動さ
れる。ファン４５が駆動されると、蓄熱槽４１内に充填
された媒体１０が攪拌され、カプセル粒子１１に衝撃が
加えられ、カプセル粒子が流動せしめられる。ここで、
一般的に過冷却している物質に衝撃を加えると凝固が始
まる。したがって、カプセル粒子１１に、すなわち潜熱
蓄熱材１２に衝撃が加えられたことにより、潜熱蓄熱材
１２は凝固し始める。潜熱蓄熱材１２が凝固すると、潜
熱、すなわちここでは凝固熱が放出せしめられ、潜熱蓄
熱材１２に蓄えられていた熱が放出される。これによ
り、熱交換器４３の管内を通って機関内流路３へ送られ
る冷却水が暖められ、内燃機関の早期の暖機を補助す
る。When the internal combustion engine is cold started, the fan 45 in the heat storage tank 41 is driven by a signal for starting the internal combustion engine or the like. When the fan 45 is driven, the medium 10 filled in the heat storage tank 41 is agitated, impact is applied to the capsule particles 11, and the capsule particles are caused to flow. here,
When a substance that is generally supercooled is impacted, solidification begins. Therefore, when the impact is applied to the capsule particles 11, that is, the latent heat storage material 12, the latent heat storage material 12 starts to solidify. When the latent heat storage material 12 solidifies, latent heat, that is, here the heat of solidification is released, and the heat stored in the latent heat storage material 12 is released. As a result, the cooling water sent to the in-engine flow path 3 through the pipe of the heat exchanger 43 is warmed, and assists the early warm-up of the internal combustion engine.
【００４７】次に、本発明の第三の実施例の利点につい
て説明する。従来では、内燃機関が停止せしめられた時
に蓄熱槽内の蓄熱材や冷却媒体をより高温で保持するた
めに求められる要求が非常に厳しかった。例えば、蓄熱
槽は断熱真空２重層構造を取るなど、大がかりな断熱構
造が取付けられていた。このような断熱構造は大きさが
大きいだけでなく、製造するのに非常にコストがかかっ
てしまっていた。ここで、本発明では蓄熱槽４１内の温
度を潜熱蓄熱材１２が過冷却されたうえで凝固してしま
う温度よりも高く保持すればよく、したがって蓄熱槽４
１の温度を従来の蓄熱槽よりも低温で保持すればよくな
る。このため、本実施例では蓄熱槽４１の断熱構造であ
る蓄熱槽４１の断熱層４２を非常に簡略化することがで
きるようになり、断熱構造を小さくて低コストなものに
することができるようになる。Next, the advantages of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Conventionally, there have been very strict requirements for keeping the heat storage material and the cooling medium in the heat storage tank at a higher temperature when the internal combustion engine is stopped. For example, the heat storage tank has a large-scale heat insulating structure such as a double-layer structure of adiabatic vacuum. Such a heat insulating structure is not only large in size, but also very expensive to manufacture. Here, in the present invention, the temperature in the heat storage tank 41 may be kept higher than the temperature at which the latent heat storage material 12 is solidified after being supercooled, and therefore, the heat storage tank 4
It is sufficient to keep the temperature of 1 lower than that of the conventional heat storage tank. Therefore, in this embodiment, the heat insulating layer 42 of the heat storage tank 41, which is the heat insulating structure of the heat storage tank 41, can be greatly simplified, and the heat insulating structure can be made small and low cost. become.
【００４８】なお、上記実施例では蓄熱槽内のファンを
回すことで潜熱蓄熱材１２の過冷却状態を解放して熱を
放出するとしたが、それ以外にも、蓄熱槽を揺らすこと
や、内燃機関の冷却水の圧力で蓄熱槽内の媒体を圧迫す
ること等によって過冷却状態を壊すことも可能である。In the above embodiment, the fan in the heat storage tank is rotated to release the supercooled state of the latent heat storage material 12 to release heat, but other than that, the heat storage tank is shaken or the internal combustion It is also possible to break the supercooled state by pressing the medium in the heat storage tank with the pressure of the cooling water of the engine.
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】１番目の発明によれば、一定温度変化が
生じた時に吸収することができる熱量および放出するこ
とができる熱量が大きい媒体が提供される。According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medium having a large amount of heat that can be absorbed and a large amount of heat that can be released when a constant temperature change occurs.
【００５０】２番目の発明によれば、カプセル粒子を含
む媒体の粘性が下がり、これにより媒体を流動させるた
めの装置の負荷が低減される。According to the second aspect of the present invention, the viscosity of the medium containing the capsule particles is reduced, which reduces the load on the device for flowing the medium.
【００５１】８番目の発明によれば、熱を蓄えさせたま
まカプセル粒子を保管することができる。According to the eighth aspect, the capsule particles can be stored while the heat is stored.
【図１】本発明の第一の実施例の冷却系統の概略図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明のカプセル粒子の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of capsule particles of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の別のカプセル粒子の断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another capsule particle of the present invention.
【図４】本発明のカプセル粒子の過冷却の様子を示す図
である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how the capsule particles of the present invention are supercooled.
【図５】本発明の第二の実施例の冷却系統の概略図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の第二の実施例の変更例における蓄熱槽
の概略断面図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a heat storage tank in a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の第二の実施例の別の変更例における蓄
熱槽の概略断面図である。FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a heat storage tank in another modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の第三の実施例の冷却系統の概略図であ
る。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
１…内燃機関本体 ２…ラジエータ ３…機関内流路 ４…上流側流路 ５…下流側流路 ６…ウォーターポンプ ７…サーモスタット ８…冷却ファン １０…媒体 １１…カプセル粒子 １２…潜熱蓄熱材 １３…膜 1. Main body of internal combustion engine 2 ... radiator 3 ... Flow path in engine 4 ... Upstream flow path 5 ... Downstream flow path 6 ... Water pump 7 ... Thermostat 8 ... Cooling fan 10 ... Medium 11 ... Capsule particles 12 ... Latent heat storage material 13 ... Membrane
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｆ０１Ｐ 3/22 Ｆ０１Ｐ 3/22 Ｍ Ｆ２４Ｆ 5/00 １０２ Ｆ２４Ｆ 5/00 １０２Ｃ Ｆ２８Ｄ 20/00 Ｆ２８Ｄ 20/00 Ｅ (72)発明者 加藤 直也 愛知県西尾市下羽角町岩谷14番地 株式会 社日本自動車部品総合研究所内 (72)発明者 福田 完 愛知県豊田市トヨタ町１番地 トヨタ自動 車株式会社内 (72)発明者 山田 逸作 愛知県豊田市トヨタ町１番地 トヨタ自動 車株式会社内─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI theme code (reference) F01P 3/22 F01P 3/22 M F24F 5/00 102 F24F 5/00 102C F28D 20/00 F28D 20/00 E (72) Inventor Naoya Kato 14 Iwatani, Shimohakaku-cho, Nishio-shi, Aichi Prefecture Japan Auto Parts Research Institute (72) Inventor Kan Fukuda 1 Toyota-cho, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor Yasusaku Yamada 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Toyota Automobile Co., Ltd.
Claims (12)
囲領域から熱を吸収し、吸収した熱を周囲領域に放出す
るための媒体において、 周囲領域から熱を吸収したときに相変態して熱を潜熱と
して蓄え且つ周囲領域に熱を放出したときに相変態して
潜熱を放出する潜熱蓄熱材を膜により覆って形成したカ
プセル粒子と、 該カプセル粒子を含有するための液体とを具備し、 周囲領域が通常とりうる温度範囲内に上記潜熱蓄熱材の
相変態温度がある媒体。1. A medium for use in an internal combustion engine, wherein the medium absorbs heat from the surrounding region and releases the absorbed heat to the surrounding region, which undergoes a phase transformation when the heat is absorbed from the surrounding region. Capsule particles formed by covering with a film a latent heat storage material that stores heat as latent heat and undergoes a phase transformation when the heat is released to the surrounding area to release latent heat; and a liquid for containing the capsule particles. A medium in which the phase transformation temperature of the latent heat storage material is within the temperature range that the surrounding region can normally take.
士の分散を促進するための物質を該液体内に含有させた
請求項１に記載の媒体。2. The medium according to claim 1, wherein a substance for promoting the dispersion of the capsule particles in the liquid is contained in the liquid.
ための過冷却抑制材料を有する請求項１または２に記載
の媒体。3. The medium according to claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material has a supercooling suppressing material for suppressing supercooling thereof.
として蓄えるべき領域の温度よりも低く且つ潜熱を放出
すべき領域の温度よりも高い請求項１〜３のいずれか一
つに記載の媒体。4. The phase transformation temperature of the latent heat storage material is lower than the temperature of a region where heat is to be stored as latent heat and higher than the temperature of a region where latent heat is to be released. Medium of.
蓄熱材に熱が潜熱として蓄えられることが停止された後
に潜熱蓄熱材から潜熱を積極的に放出させるまでの間に
潜熱蓄熱材から熱が自然放熱され、これにより潜熱蓄熱
材の温度が上記相変態温度を越えて低くなったとしても
過冷却効果によって潜熱蓄熱材の相変態が生じないよう
な温度である請求項１〜３のいずれか一つに記載の媒
体。5. The phase transformation temperature of the latent heat storage material is such that the latent heat storage material is positively released from the latent heat storage material after the storage of heat as latent heat in the latent heat storage material is stopped. Heat is naturally radiated from the latent heat storage material, and even if the temperature of the latent heat storage material is lowered below the phase transformation temperature by this, the temperature is such that the phase transformation of the latent heat storage material does not occur due to the supercooling effect. The medium according to any one of 1.
求項１〜５のいずれか一つに記載の媒体。6. The medium according to claim 1, wherein the latent heat storage material contains paraffin.
体を具備する暖機・冷却システムにおいて、該媒体を循
環させるための流路を具備し、前記カプセル粒子の粒径
が該流路を閉塞することのない大きさである暖機・冷却
システム。7. A warm-up / cooling system comprising the medium according to claim 1, further comprising a flow path for circulating the medium, wherein the capsule particles have a particle size of A warm-up / cooling system that does not block the flow path.
体を具備する暖機・冷却システムにおいて、前記媒体を
循環させるための流路と、該流路に連結される蓄熱槽と
を具備し、該蓄熱槽が断熱機構を有し、前記カプセル粒
子が該蓄熱槽内に保持されて該蓄熱槽の断熱機構により
カプセル粒子を保温することができるようにした暖機・
冷却システム。8. A warm-up / cooling system comprising the medium according to claim 1, a flow path for circulating the medium, and a heat storage tank connected to the flow path. Warming up, wherein the heat storage tank has a heat insulation mechanism, the capsule particles are held in the heat storage tank, and the heat insulation mechanism of the heat storage tank can keep the capsule particles warm.
Cooling system.
燃機関の温間運転時に前記蓄熱槽内に前記カプセル粒子
を保持することにより該蓄熱槽内の該カプセル粒子の濃
度を高め、内燃機関の冷間始動時に蓄熱槽からカプセル
粒子を前記流路に放出することにより該流路内の濃度を
高めるようにした請求項８に記載の暖機・冷却システ
ム。9. The flow path passes through an internal combustion engine, and the concentration of the capsule particles in the heat storage tank is increased by holding the capsule particles in the heat storage tank during warm operation of the internal combustion engine, 9. The warming-up / cooling system according to claim 8, wherein when the internal combustion engine is cold started, capsule particles are discharged from the heat storage tank to the flow passage to increase the concentration in the flow passage.
すための流路と、該流路を包囲するように配置される蓄
熱槽とを具備し、該蓄熱槽が断熱機構を有する暖機・冷
却システムにおいて、請求項１〜６のいずれか一つに記
載の媒体が前記流路を包囲するように上記蓄熱槽内に保
持されて該蓄熱槽の断熱機構により該媒体を保温するこ
とができるようにした暖機・冷却システム。10. A warm-up having a flow passage for flowing a cooling liquid for cooling an internal combustion engine, and a heat storage tank arranged so as to surround the flow passage, the heat storage tank having a heat insulating mechanism. In the cooling system, the medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6 may be retained in the heat storage tank so as to surround the flow path, and the heat insulation mechanism of the heat storage tank may keep the medium warm. Warm-up / cooling system made possible.
るカプセル粒子の過冷却を解放するための過冷却解放手
段を具備する請求項１０に記載の暖機・冷却システム。11. The warm-up / cooling system according to claim 10, further comprising supercooling release means for releasing supercooling of the capsule particles contained in the medium held in the heat storage tank.
プセル粒子を流動させることにより過冷却を解放する請
求項１１に記載の暖機・冷却システム。12. The warm-up / cooling system according to claim 11, wherein the supercooling releasing means releases supercooling by causing the capsule particles in the medium to flow.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001328183A JP2003129844A (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2001-10-25 | Heat absorbing and emitting medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001328183A JP2003129844A (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2001-10-25 | Heat absorbing and emitting medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003129844A true JP2003129844A (en) | 2003-05-08 |
Family
ID=19144289
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001328183A Withdrawn JP2003129844A (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2001-10-25 | Heat absorbing and emitting medium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003129844A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005094993A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-04-07 | Nikon Corp | Holding member, cooling medium, method and device for cooling, linear motor device, stage device, and exposure device |
| JP2006017436A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2006-01-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Thermal storage system |
| JP2006016573A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2006-01-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Microcapsule and heat transfer fluid |
| JP2007515612A (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2007-06-14 | ザ・ボーイング・カンパニー | Phase change heat exchanger |
| WO2007091729A1 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat storage device and engine |
| JP2008045090A (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2008-02-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Cooling liquid composition and cooling system |
| FR2938304A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-14 | Renault Sas | COOLANT STORAGE TANK FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND COOLING DEVICE THEREFOR |
| JP2013044281A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-03-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | Cooling apparatus for internal combustion engine |
| JP2014126281A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-07 | Misawa Homes Co Ltd | Thermal storage unit, and heating and cooling system comprising the same |
| DE102017212309B3 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-09-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Coolant circuit with at least two cooling circuits and a latent heat storage |
| JP7435201B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2024-02-21 | マツダ株式会社 | temperature control device |
-
2001
- 2001-10-25 JP JP2001328183A patent/JP2003129844A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005094993A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-04-07 | Nikon Corp | Holding member, cooling medium, method and device for cooling, linear motor device, stage device, and exposure device |
| JP2007515612A (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2007-06-14 | ザ・ボーイング・カンパニー | Phase change heat exchanger |
| JP2006017436A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2006-01-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Thermal storage system |
| JP2006016573A (en) * | 2004-07-05 | 2006-01-19 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Microcapsule and heat transfer fluid |
| US8037851B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2011-10-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat accumulator and engine |
| WO2007091729A1 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat storage device and engine |
| JP2008045090A (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2008-02-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Cooling liquid composition and cooling system |
| FR2938304A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-14 | Renault Sas | COOLANT STORAGE TANK FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND COOLING DEVICE THEREFOR |
| WO2010052410A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2010-05-14 | Renault S.A.S. | Coolant reserve tank for an internal combustion engine and associated cooling device |
| JP2013044281A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-03-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | Cooling apparatus for internal combustion engine |
| JP2014126281A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-07 | Misawa Homes Co Ltd | Thermal storage unit, and heating and cooling system comprising the same |
| DE102017212309B3 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-09-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Coolant circuit with at least two cooling circuits and a latent heat storage |
| JP7435201B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2024-02-21 | マツダ株式会社 | temperature control device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
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