JP2003081433A - Distribution managing system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a distribution managing system capable of moderating a inventory quantity of a product in a distribution base. SOLUTION: A plurality of types of products accepted from a plurality of manufacturers are classified by a lot type by integrating as a lot product containing a predetermined quantity of products in accordance with a lot organization set for every product type, and are stored. The lot product is selectively collected depending on a product shipping specification, and are shipped to a dealer. At that time, a quantity of the shipped lot products is managed by the product type (a shipping managing means), a reasonable inventory quantity of each product is obtained in accordance with an order quantity and/or a demand forecasted quantity of each product (an inventory quantity setting means), and the inventory quantity of the product is adjusted by adjusting the lot organization to the product and an order for the product in accordance with the reasonable inventory quantity and a shipped quantity of each product.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a physical distribution management useful for optimizing the inventory quantity of each product at a physical distribution base for shipping a plurality of kinds of products received from a manufacturer to a plurality of stores by a predetermined quantity. Regarding the system.

[0002]

[Related Background Art] In a distribution base that delivers multiple types of products to multiple stores such as convenience stores, manage the product demand (orders) from each of the above stores or these stores. According to the product demand (delivery instruction) from the sales headquarters, the product specified by the product demand is shipped to each store, for example, at regular time intervals. In particular, in the distribution base, it is necessary to promptly ship each type of product specified by the product demand to each of the retailers by the quantity specified by the product demand.

Incidentally, there are generally thousands of types of products handled by each store, and in many cases, they vary depending on the customer segment (customer line) at each store. Moreover, the sales volume of various products at each store usually greatly differs depending on the scale of the store and its location environment. Therefore,
At the distribution base that ships products to each of these various stores, a huge number of types of products are prepared, and a large number of products are prepared for each product type, and products are selected for each store. It is necessary to collect (picking) and gather together.

[0004]

However, it is undeniable that preparing a large amount of each of the above-mentioned enormous types of merchandise at the distribution base will result in an extremely enormous amount of inventories. In addition, depending on the type of product, there are products such as food products that have a short quality control deadline. Therefore, at the distribution base, it is desirable to prepare only the minimum necessary products in consideration of the shipping time and the shipping amount to the dealer. Further, it is desirable that the required quantity of products can be promptly picked and shipped to each of the stores in accordance with specifications for shipping products to a plurality of stores.

The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to optimize the amount of goods in stock at a distribution base and to provide goods according to specifications for shipping goods to a plurality of dealers. It is to provide a physical distribution management system that enables prompt shipment of required quantities.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the physical distribution management system according to the present invention basically comprises a plurality of types of products received from a plurality of manufacturers, and lots set for each product type. A lot organization means for collecting a plurality of types of lot products each having a different quantity according to the lot organization set for each product type. A product storage unit that classifies lot products by lot type, and specifically classifies and stores each of the lot products on a plurality of product shelves partitioned according to product type and lot size, and the product storage. From the means, for example, the lot products are selectively collected according to the product shipping specifications described on the label issued in response to the product shipping request to the store (picking Grayed)
In addition, the plurality of lot products that have been collected are packaged by being stored in a predetermined container, and the container is attached with the label and shipped to the store.

The physical distribution management system according to the present invention is
In particular, according to the shipment management means for detecting the quantity of the shipped lot product from the label attached to the container and managing it for each product type, according to the order quantity and / or the demand forecast quantity of a plurality of kinds of products at the store. Inventory amount setting means for obtaining an appropriate inventory amount of each lot product that is classified and stored for each lot type, and to the plurality of manufacturers according to the appropriate inventory amount of each lot product and the shipment amount of the lot product. An inventory quantity adjusting means for adjusting ordering of goods and lot organization of lot goods in the lot organization means is provided.

That is, according to the present invention, the inventory quantity setting means classifies and stores the plurality of types of products at the store according to the lot type obtained in accordance with the order quantity (order record) and / or the demand forecast quantity. Since the ordering of products to a plurality of manufacturers and the lot organization for the products received from these manufacturers are adjusted according to the proper inventory amount of the lot products and the shipment quantity of the lot products obtained by the delivery management means, the product storage is performed. It is possible to easily optimize the stock amount of each lot product that is sorted and stored for each lot type by the means.

At this time, the ordering and the lot organization are adjusted in consideration of the time required from ordering the merchandise to the manufacturer and receiving the merchandise and the processing time required to create a lot merchandise by combining a predetermined number of merchandise. Thus, it becomes possible to easily optimize the stock quantity so that each lot product can be picked and shipped promptly according to the product shipping specification.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A physical distribution management system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a physical distribution mechanism to which this physical distribution management system is applied. Reference numerals 1a, 1b, to 1n are a plurality of manufacturers respectively manufacturing various products, 2 is each of the above manufacturers 1a,
It is a distribution base that receives a plurality of types of products from 1b to 1n, collects (picks) these products selectively, and ships them to a plurality of stores (stores) 3a, 3b, to 3m.

The type and quantity of the products to be shipped to each of the sales outlets (stores) 3a, 3b, to 3m are managed by, for example, the sales results at each of the sales outlets (stores) 3a, 3b, to 3m. The sales company 4 gives a collective instruction (order) to the distribution company 5 that manages the distribution base 2. From the distribution company 5, the plurality of manufacturers 1a, 1b, to 1n
Is instructed to deliver the merchandise, and the distribution company 5 instructs the distribution base 2 to ship the merchandise to each of the dealers 3a, 3b, to 3m.

By the way, each of the above-mentioned stores 3a, 3b, ~ 3m
Consists of convenience stores, supermarkets, etc., and several types of products distributed through this distribution mechanism are stationery such as paper and ballpoint pens, daily necessities such as soap and shampoo, and food such as sweets and beverages. , A wide variety. And from the distribution base 2 to each store 3a, 3b, ~ 3m
The product is shipped to, for example, once a day or at regular intervals.

At the distribution base 2 which is the key to such a distribution mechanism, after receiving a plurality of types of products delivered from a plurality of manufacturers 1a, 1b, to 1n (reception means 11), Each product is grouped as a lot product consisting of a predetermined number of products in accordance with the lot organization determined for each product type (lot organization means 1
2). By the way, the delivery of products from each manufacturer 1a, 1b, to 1n is carried out for each of a large number of products, for example, with 5000 or 10,000 products as one transaction unit. And creating lot products,
For example, in the case of a ball-point pen, a large number of these commodities are subdivided, and are prepared as lot commodities for every 10 pieces, and further as lot commodities for every 50 pieces.

The lot size (quantity) of each lot product is the minimum unit for shipping the product to each store 3a, 3b, to 3m. A lot product including the above items is prepared as a product for a relatively small-sized store, and a lot product including 50 ballpoint pens is prepared as a product for a relatively large-sized store.

Each of these lot products is classified and stored in a plurality of product shelves 13 divided according to product types and lot sizes, and a plurality of stores 3a, 3b ,.
Prepared for product shipment to 3m (product storage means). In particular, each product shelf 13 stores a lot of products in a quantity sufficient for shipping products to a plurality of stores 3a, 3b, to 3m.

When the above-mentioned distribution company 5 issues a product shipping command to each of the sales outlets 3a, 3b, to 3m to the distribution base 2, the management of the product management means 14 in the distribution base 2 is performed. The label issuing means 15 is activated below, and a label 16 is printed to each of the stores 3a, 3b, to 3m, which describes the type of product to be shipped and the quantity (product information) thereof. The label 16 serves as a so-called product shipping slip, which is issued for each of the retailers 3a, 3b, to 3m, which is the shipping destination of the product. Information such as a store name and a bar code for managing the label are also written.

Then, the worker who receives the label 16 pushes the cart 17, for example, while pushing the cart 17 described above.
A lot product is moved to the cart 17 according to the product information written on the label 16 to selectively pick the lot product from the product shelf 13 (picking means). Regarding this picking operation, for example, a picking instruction device as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-78124 is used to store a lot product to be picked in a plurality of types of lot products stored in the product shelf 13. It may be performed while designating a section (product storage position).

Then, after the lot products picked on the cart 17 are housed in a predetermined container called an Oricon and packed (packing means 18), the above-mentioned label 16 is attached to the container, whereby each of the dealers is sold. The products are ready to be shipped to 3a, 3b, 3m. When shipping the product packed in the container to each store 3a, 3b, to 3m (product shipping means 19), the above-mentioned bar code of the label 16 attached to the container is read, and the information is described above. The product management means 14 is notified. From the information of this bar code, the quantity of the lot products shipped to each of the retailers 3a, 3b, to 3m is managed for each product type (shipping management means).

The inventory management of products in the product management means 14 will be described below.
Is a quantity in which a plurality of types of lot products, which are classified and stored according to the product type and the lot size on the product shelf 13 described above, can sufficiently correspond to shipment of products to a plurality of stores 3a, 3b, to 3m. Each is prepared separately, and it plays a role of adjusting so that the inventory amount does not become excessive. In particular, the product management means 14 manages the stock quantity of products in the distribution base 2 in cooperation with the distribution company 5 that receives orders from the sales company 4, and orders the products to the manufacturers 1a, 1b, to 1n. And the adjustment of the lot organization described above are executed to optimize the stock amount of each lot product on the product shelf 13.

Specifically, the product management means 14 indicates the flow of products (lot products) at the distribution base 2 among the manufacturers 1a, 1b, to 1n as shown in the processing concept of FIG. The ordering / accepting of the executed products is preprocessing A, the preparation and storage of the lot products according to the lot organization is intermediate processing B, and the shipping of picked products to the stores 3a, 3b, ~ 3m is postprocessing C, respectively. Catching. Then, the period from the time when the product is received until the time when the picked product is shipped (pretreatment A and intermediate treatment B) is managed as the inventory amount of the item at the distribution base 2, and this inventory amount is optimized. There is.

That is, in the product management means 14, the order information 21 of the products from the sales company 4 (or a plurality of stores 3a, 3b, to 3m) and the products at each of the stores 3a, 3b to 3m. Based on the sales forecast (commodity demand forecast) 22, the optimum inventory amount 23 of the products to be prepared at the distribution base 2 is obtained. This optimal stock amount is a period from the time when the above-mentioned product is received to the time when the picked product is shipped (pretreatment A and intermediate treatment B), for example, the inventory amount of the product for 1 to 3 days is a plurality of stores. 3a, 3b, to 3m, which is a quantity (stock quantity) of goods that can sufficiently cope with daily shipment of goods, and which does not become an excessive quantity.

On the other hand, the merchandise management means 14 detects the shipment of merchandise (lot merchandise) by reading the information on the label 16 when the merchandise is shipped, and obtains the merchandise shipment amount 24. And this product shipment amount 24 is a control value (control amount)
Then, the optimum stock amount 23 of the product described above is set as a set value (set amount), and the shortage amount with respect to the appropriate stock amount of the product in the pre-processing A and the intermediate processing B is obtained as the adjustment amount for the stock amount adjustment ( Process 25). Then, by instructing the production of a lot product of a quantity corresponding to the above-mentioned shortage amount, the stock amount of the product (lot product) at the distribution base 2 is optimized (inventory amount adjusting means 26). If the product (lot product) is not in stock, the optimum inventory amount 23 is the same as the preparation (stock) of the product (lot product).
Indicated as demand.

Incidentally, the stock quantity is adjusted by, specifically, increasing or decreasing the order quantity of the products for each of the makers 1a, 1b, to 1n, and adjusting the lot organization for each product type. Distribution base 2 especially due to increase / decrease in order quantity of products
By adjusting the total quantity (total quantity) of the products held as inventory in the product and further adjusting the lot organization for that product, for example, the number of lot products with a large lot size can be increased and the number of lot products with a small lot size can be reduced. The quantity is adjusted between lot products consisting of products of the same type.

Therefore, if the inventory period (lead time; LT) of the product (lot product) over the above-mentioned pretreatment A and intermediate treatment B in the distribution base 2 is obtained, the manufacturers 1a, 1b, It is possible to increase or decrease the quantity of the lot products to be replenished in the product shelf 13 by increasing or decreasing the order quantity of the products for 1 to 1n and adjusting the lot organization for the products. As a result, it becomes possible to adjust the stock amount of each lot product stored and stored in the product shelf 13 and easily optimize the stock amount.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the appropriate inventory amount 23 can be set for each lot product which is determined according to the type of product specified by the order information, as described above. It is possible to easily control the stock amount of each lot product. That is, if the required amount (period requirement amount) S of the lot product to be created (prepared) within the designated target period is determined according to the order information, [period requirement amount S / target period] is set within the target period. It is possible to calculate the daily production amount (daily required amount) D of the lot product in. Then, if the required production time L required to produce the lot product is determined, the above-mentioned appropriate inventory amount C of the lot product is given as [daily daily required amount D × production required time L].
Can be calculated.

On the other hand, if the lot size Q of the lot product in the intermediate process B is determined according to the above-mentioned lot organization, the appropriate inventory amount C and the lot size Q determined based on the above-mentioned order information are used to determine [the appropriate inventory amount]. C / lot size Q], and rounding up the fraction, it is possible to obtain the order quantity (number of transaction units) K of merchandise for the manufacturers 1a, 1b, to 1n. Furthermore, this order quantity K
By performing the calculation of [ordered quantity K × lot size] from the lot size used to produce the lot product, it is possible to obtain the inventory amount (stock setting amount) P of the lot product.

Therefore, by adjusting the production of the lot product according to the stock setting amount P obtained as described above and the shipment amount of the product obtained from the label 16 attached to the container on which the product is shipped, specifically, Manufacturer 1a, 1b,
By increasing / decreasing the order quantity of goods for 1n and adjusting the lot organization for goods, it becomes possible to always properly control the stock quantity of lot goods in the distribution base 2 under simple distribution management.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the appropriate inventory amount may be calculated as the appropriate inventory amount = (average value of ordered amount + α · standard deviation) × required time for creation based on the average value of the ordered amount and its standard deviation. This makes it possible to effectively optimize the inventory quantity even when there is a large change in the orders of products. Further, when shipping (ordering) of the product is expected to end, it is possible to adjust the production of the lot product so that the inventory amount becomes zero by the expected date in consideration of the required production period of the lot product. .
In addition, the present invention can be variously modified and implemented without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0029]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the stock quantity of products at a distribution base, which divides the products received from the manufacturer into a plurality of stores and ships the products to a plurality of the stores. It is possible to secure a sufficient quantity that can be accommodated, and to optimize without holding too many products. Further, it is possible to optimize the inventory quantity of products under simple physical distribution management. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a great practical effect such that the distribution efficiency of a wide variety of products can be improved and the products can be smoothly shipped to a plurality of stores.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a physical distribution mechanism to which a physical distribution management system according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic control procedure of physical distribution management (stock quantity control) in the physical distribution management system.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an optimum inventory quantity of lot products set based on an order quantity.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a, 1b, ~ 1n Manufacturer 2 logistics bases 3a, 3b, ~ 3m stores 11 Acceptance means 12 Lot organizing means 13 product shelves 14 Product management means 15 Label issuing means 16 labels 17 carts (picking means) 18 Packing means 19 Product Shipping Means

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A lot organization means for collectively forming a plurality of types of merchandise received from a plurality of manufacturers as a lot merchandise including a predetermined number of merchandise in accordance with a lot organization set for each merchandise type, and these lots. Commodity storage means for classifying and storing goods by lot type, and selectively collecting the above-mentioned lot goods according to the product shipping specifications from this commodity storage means to the dealer, and collecting a plurality of types of lot goods And a shipment management means for managing the quantity of the shipped lot products for each product type, and the lot according to the order quantity and / or the demand forecast quantity of a plurality of kinds of products at the distributor. An inventory amount setting means for obtaining an appropriate inventory amount of each lot product classified and stored for each type; Logistics system characterized by comprising a stock amount adjusting means for adjusting a lot knitting in order and the lot organizing means items from the to multiple manufacturers in accordance with the delivery quantity of the Lot. 2. The product storage means respectively forms a plurality of types of lot products having different product quantities in accordance with a lot organization set for each product type, and these lot products are formed according to the product type and lot size. The physical distribution management system according to claim 1, wherein the physical distribution management system is for classifying and storing into a plurality of partitioned product shelves. 3. The shipment management means selectively collects a plurality of types of lot products in accordance with product shipment specifications described on a label issued in response to a product shipment request to the retail store, and then collects these lots. The product is stored in a predetermined container and packed, and the label is attached to the container to be shipped to the retailer, wherein the delivery management means is the label attached to the container. The distribution management system according to claim 1, wherein the shipment quantity of each lot product is managed.