JP2003076132A - Developer carrying member, developing device and image forming device - Google Patents
Developer carrying member, developing device and image forming deviceInfo
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- JP2003076132A JP2003076132A JP2001264839A JP2001264839A JP2003076132A JP 2003076132 A JP2003076132 A JP 2003076132A JP 2001264839 A JP2001264839 A JP 2001264839A JP 2001264839 A JP2001264839 A JP 2001264839A JP 2003076132 A JP2003076132 A JP 2003076132A
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- carrying member
- developer
- plating
- developer carrying
- layer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電子写真方式又は
静電記録方式を用いた複写機、レーザービームプリン
タ,ファクシミリ,印刷装置などに用いられる現像剤担
持部材、現像装置及び画像形成装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a developer carrying member, a developing device and an image forming apparatus used in a copying machine, a laser beam printer, a facsimile, a printing apparatus, etc., which uses an electrophotographic system or an electrostatic recording system.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、現像剤担持部材は、現像剤の搬送
のためにその表面を凹凸に粗している。その凸凹を付加
するために、古くは特開昭54−79043号公報に示
されているような、主に二成分現像におけるローレット
状の溝を入れたものや、特開昭55−26526号公報
に示されているような、主に一成分現像用の粗面化処理
を施したものがある。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a developer carrying member has a roughened surface for transporting the developer. In order to add the irregularities, those having a knurled groove mainly in two-component development as disclosed in JP-A-54-79043, and JP-A-55-26526. There are those which have been subjected to a roughening treatment mainly for one-component development as shown in FIG.
【0003】特に、一成分現像用の粗面化処理した現像
剤担持部材の材質としては、長期使用時にその凹凸が摩
耗減少してしまうのを防ぐために、比較的高硬度な材料
の表面被覆層を基層表面上に設けることが提案されてい
る。この技術は、近年、画像形成装置の高速化、保守頻
度の低減の要請が高まっている状況においては、重要で
ある。Particularly, as a material of the surface-roughened developer carrying member for one-component development, a surface coating layer of a relatively high hardness material is used in order to prevent the unevenness from being worn and reduced during long-term use. Has been proposed on the surface of the base layer. This technique is important in a situation where demands for speeding up of the image forming apparatus and reduction of maintenance frequency are increasing in recent years.
【0004】例えば、特開昭58−132768号公報
に記載された、アルミニウム基層の表面にTiN、Cr
N等の窒化物、TiC、B4C等の炭化物又はNi−P
メッキ層を設けた現像剤担持部材、又は、特開平6−2
30676号公報に記載された、アルミニウム、真ちゅ
う又はステンレス等の基層の表面にCrメッキ表層、ア
ルマイト層、Ni−Pメッキ層又は窒化処理層を設けた
現像剤担持部材、又、特開平3−41485号公報に記
載された、アルミニウム又はステンレス等の基層の表面
にCr、Cu−Cr、Ni−Cr、Cu−Ni−Cr又
はNi−Cu−Ni−Ca等のメッキ層を設けた現像剤
担持部材がある。[0004] For example, as described in JP-A-58-132768, TiN and Cr are formed on the surface of an aluminum base layer.
N-nitride, TiC, B 4 C, etc. carbide or Ni-P
A developer carrying member provided with a plating layer, or JP-A-6-2
JP-A-3-41485, described in JP-A-30-41485, in which a Cr-plated surface layer, an alumite layer, a Ni-P plating layer or a nitriding layer is provided on the surface of a base layer such as aluminum, brass or stainless steel. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-242242, in which a plating layer of Cr, Cu-Cr, Ni-Cr, Cu-Ni-Cr, Ni-Cu-Ni-Ca, or the like is provided on the surface of a base layer of aluminum or stainless steel. There is.
【0005】これらの耐摩耗性の表面被覆層の中には、
無電解Ni−Pメッキ層のように、300〜500℃の
加熱処理によってビッカース硬度が900Hv以上にな
る高耐摩耗性のメッキ層もある(特開昭58−1327
68号公報)。Among these wear resistant surface coatings are:
There is also a high wear-resistant plating layer such that the Vickers hardness is 900 Hv or more by the heat treatment at 300 to 500 ° C. like the electroless Ni-P plating layer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-1327).
No. 68).
【0006】しかし、このような加熱処理を行なうと、
良品率がかなり低下する。なぜならば、基層が軸方向と
垂直な方向に数10μm以上の熱変形を起こし、静電潜
像担持体と現像剤担持部材との間隔が部分的にばらつ
き、トナー画像に画像ムラを生じてしまうからである。
特に、高品質なトナー画像を形成する上で、このような
画像ムラは大きな障害になる。However, when such heat treatment is performed,
The yield rate is considerably reduced. This is because the base layer undergoes thermal deformation of several tens of μm or more in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the gap between the electrostatic latent image carrier and the developer carrying member is partially varied, and image unevenness occurs in the toner image. Because.
Particularly, in forming a high quality toner image, such image unevenness is a great obstacle.
【0007】それに対し、現像剤担持部材の基層表面を
被覆するには、電気メッキによる表面被覆層は硬質であ
り、耐摩耗性に優れている。しかも、上述の無電解Ni
−Pメッキのように、高温加熱処理も必要としない点で
有利である。On the other hand, in order to coat the surface of the base layer of the developer carrying member, the surface coating layer formed by electroplating is hard and has excellent wear resistance. Moreover, the above electroless Ni
It is advantageous in that it does not require high-temperature heat treatment unlike the -P plating.
【0008】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、現像剤
担持部材の基層表面を被覆する電気硬質メッキ層は、設
計値通りの表面形状を持つ表面被覆層とする点では問題
がある。即ち、現像剤担持部材の表面は、現像剤の良好
な搬送性、現像剤との摩擦による現像剤への適正量の電
荷の付与および現像剤の固着防止の点から、所定の精度
に設定された表面粗さを持つことが要求される。しか
し、電気硬質メッキ層に、このような精度の表面粗さを
形成することは困難である。その理由は次の通りであ
る。However, there is a problem in that the electrohard plating layer for coating the surface of the base layer of the developer carrying member is a surface coating layer having a surface shape as designed. That is, the surface of the developer carrying member is set to a predetermined accuracy in terms of good transportability of the developer, application of an appropriate amount of charge to the developer due to friction with the developer, and prevention of sticking of the developer. It is required to have a good surface roughness. However, it is difficult to form such an accurate surface roughness on the electric hard plating layer. The reason is as follows.
【0009】電気メッキでは、電気力線の密度に比例し
て、メッキ液中から金属が析出して基層に析出するが、
基層表面には、一般に微小な突起やクラックがある。突
起の場合には、その頂点に向かって、クラックの場合に
は、その縁に向かって電気力線が集中する傾向にある。
それゆえ、それらの部位に金属が異常に析出することと
なって、所定の表面粗さを持つ硬質メッキ層が形成でき
ないからである。In electroplating, metal is deposited from the plating solution in proportion to the density of the lines of electric force to deposit on the base layer.
The surface of the base layer generally has fine protrusions and cracks. In the case of a protrusion, the lines of electric force tend to concentrate toward the apex thereof, and in the case of a crack toward the edge thereof.
Therefore, the metal is abnormally deposited on those portions, and the hard plating layer having a predetermined surface roughness cannot be formed.
【0010】そこで、本出願人らは、特開2000−2
84586号公報等において、基層表面のクラックや突
起を被覆するために、図13で示すように、基層41a
と電気メッキ表層41cの間に無電解メッキ中間層41
bを設けることを提案した。[0010] Therefore, the applicants of the present invention have disclosed Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-2.
No. 84586 discloses a base layer 41a for covering cracks and protrusions on the surface of the base layer as shown in FIG.
And the electroplating surface layer 41c between the electroless plating intermediate layer 41
It has been proposed to provide b.
【0011】ここで、メッキ中間層41bとしては、N
i−P、Ni−B、Pd−P、Ni−Co−P、Ni−
Fe−P、Ni−W−P、Ni−Cu−P、Co−P、
Cu、Sn及びAuなどが考えられるが、工業的に汎用
性が高く、品質安定性の点からNi−Pを選択すべきで
ある。Here, as the plating intermediate layer 41b, N is used.
i-P, Ni-B, Pd-P, Ni-Co-P, Ni-
Fe-P, Ni-WP, Ni-Cu-P, Co-P,
Cu, Sn, Au, etc. are considered, but Ni-P should be selected from the viewpoint of industrial versatility and quality stability.
【0012】メッキ表層41cとしては、耐摩耗性の点
からビッカーズ硬度でHvが300以上、特に500以
上が好適であるので、Cr、Ni、PtおよびRhなど
が考えられるが、Hvが600以上のCrを選択すべき
である。The plating surface layer 41c preferably has a Vickers hardness of Hv of 300 or more, particularly 500 or more, from the viewpoint of wear resistance. Therefore, Cr, Ni, Pt, Rh and the like are considered, but Hv of 600 or more. Cr should be selected.
【0013】基層41a上に、こうしたNi−P中間層
41bと電気Crメッキ表層41cを設け、これを実施
してきたが、次のような問題が新たに生じた。Although the Ni-P intermediate layer 41b and the electric Cr-plated surface layer 41c are provided on the base layer 41a and this is carried out, the following problems newly arise.
【0014】この場合、これらのNi−Pメッキ中間層
41bと電気Crメッキ表層41cを直接接合すると、
接合力が不足し、Crメッキ表層の剥離を招来する。そ
のため、接着層として、Niメッキ接着層41dを設け
ることがほぼ必須となる。In this case, when the Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b and the electric Cr plated surface layer 41c are directly joined,
The joining force is insufficient, and the Cr plating surface layer is peeled off. Therefore, it is almost essential to provide the Ni-plated adhesive layer 41d as the adhesive layer.
【0015】ところが、このNiメッキ接着層41dを
設けることは、工程を複雑化し、コスト上昇につなが
る。又、Niメッキ層は磁性を有するので、これを打ち
消すためにNi−PめっきのPの比率を増加させると、
Ni−Pめっき液のコスト上昇が発生する。However, the provision of the Ni-plated adhesive layer 41d complicates the process and increases the cost. Further, since the Ni plating layer has magnetism, if the P ratio of Ni-P plating is increased to cancel it,
The cost of the Ni-P plating solution increases.
【0016】従って、本発明の目的は、高速度での画像
形成を長期間行っても磨耗及び剥離を生ずることなく、
高品位の画像を安定して提供可能であり、且つ、製造コ
ストの上昇を抑制可能な現像剤担持部材、並びにこれを
備えた現像装置及び画像形成装置を提供することであ
る。Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to prevent abrasion and peeling even when an image is formed at a high speed for a long period of time.
To provide a developer carrying member capable of stably providing a high-quality image and suppressing an increase in manufacturing cost, and a developing device and an image forming apparatus including the same.
【0017】[0017]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的は本発明に係る
現像剤担持部材、現像装置、及び画像形成装置にて達成
される。要約すれば、第一の本発明は、アルミニウムを
主体として構成された金属製の円筒状の基層、電気Cr
メッキ表層、及びこれら二層の間に位置する無電解Ni
−Pメッキ中間層を有し、前記電気Crメッキ表層表面
に現像剤を担持し搬送する現像剤担持部材において、前
記電気Crメッキ表層は、有機系の触媒を含有した電気
Crメッキ液を用いて形成され、前記無電解Ni−Pメ
ッキ中間層に直接接合していることを特徴とする現像剤
担持部材を提供する。The above object can be achieved by a developer carrying member, a developing device, and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. In summary, the first aspect of the present invention relates to a metallic cylindrical base layer composed mainly of aluminum, an electric Cr
Plating surface layer and electroless Ni located between these two layers
In a developer carrying member having a P plating intermediate layer and carrying and carrying a developer on the surface of the electric Cr plating surface layer, the electric Cr plating surface layer uses an electric Cr plating solution containing an organic catalyst. Provided is a developer carrying member, which is formed and is directly bonded to the electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer.
【0018】第2の本発明は、現像剤を収容する現像容
器と、回転しつつ現像剤を担持し搬送する現像剤担持部
材と、を有し、該現像剤担持部材が表面に静電潜像が形
成される静電潜像担持体に対向して配置され、現像剤に
て前記静電潜像を現像する現像装置において、前記現像
剤担持部材は、第1の本発明の現像剤担持部材であるこ
とを特徴とする現像装置を提供する。A second aspect of the present invention has a developing container for containing a developer and a developer carrying member for carrying and carrying the developer while rotating, and the developer carrying member has an electrostatic latent surface on its surface. In a developing device which is arranged so as to face an electrostatic latent image carrier on which an image is formed and develops the electrostatic latent image with a developer, the developer carrying member is the developer carrying member of the first aspect of the invention. Provided is a developing device, which is a member.
【0019】第3の本発明は、表面に静電潜像が形成さ
れる静電潜像担持体と、現像剤を収容し、現像剤にて前
記静電潜像を現像する現像装置と、を有する画像形成装
置において、前記現像装置は、第2の本発明の現像装置
であることを特徴とする画像形成装置を提供する。According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electrostatic latent image carrier on the surface of which an electrostatic latent image is formed, a developing device which contains a developer and develops the electrostatic latent image with the developer, In the image forming apparatus having the above, the developing device is the developing device of the second aspect of the present invention.
【0020】[0020]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明に係る現像剤担持部
材、現像装置、及び画像形成装置を図面に則して更に詳
しく説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A developer carrying member, a developing device, and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
【0021】実施例1
本発明の特徴としては、アルミニウムを主体とする金属
製の円筒状の基層、電気Crメッキ表層、及びこれら二
層の間に位置する無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層を有し、
電気Crメッキ表層表面に現像剤を担持し搬送する現像
剤担持部材において、電気Crメッキ表層が、有機系の
触媒を含有することによって、無電解Ni−Pメッキ中
間層に直接接合していることが挙げられる。Example 1 The present invention is characterized by having a metallic cylindrical base layer mainly composed of aluminum, an electric Cr plating surface layer, and an electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer located between these two layers. Then
In the developer carrying member carrying and carrying the developer on the surface of the electric Cr plating surface, the electric Cr plating surface layer is directly bonded to the electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer by containing an organic catalyst. Is mentioned.
【0022】その一例を図1にて示す。図1は、本発明
に基づいた現像剤担持部材41の断面図であり、その基
本的構成は、基層41aの上に、無電解Ni−Pメッキ
中間層41bを有し、及び無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層
41b表面に直接接合された電気Crメッキ表層41c
を有する。An example thereof is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a developer carrying member 41 according to the present invention, the basic structure of which is to have an electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer 41b on a base layer 41a, and an electroless Ni-. Electric Cr plating surface layer 41c directly bonded to the surface of P plating intermediate layer 41b
Have.
【0023】本発明においても、基層41a表面のクラ
ックや突起を被覆するために、基層41aと電気メッキ
表層41cの間に無電解メッキ中間層41bを設けてい
る。又、無電解メッキ中間層41bとしては前記に説明
した理由により最適とされる無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間
層41bを適用し、同様に、電気メッキ表層41cとし
ては、電気Crメッキ表層41cが適用され、基層41
aとしては後に説明する理由によりアルミニウム又はア
ルミニウム合金製のものを用いる。Also in the present invention, the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b is provided between the base layer 41a and the electroplating surface layer 41c in order to cover the cracks and protrusions on the surface of the base layer 41a. Further, as the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b, the electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer 41b which is optimal for the above-described reasons is applied, and similarly, as the electroplating surface layer 41c, the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c is applied. The base layer 41
As a, aluminum or aluminum alloy is used for the reason described later.
【0024】ここで、その基層41a表面のクラックや
突起を被覆する様子を説明する。図4は、この現像剤担
持部材に用いられた基層41aの表面粗さ曲線M1の概
念図であり、アルミニウム円筒基層にブラスト加工を施
して、表面に凹凸を設けたときのものである。全体の大
きい粗さと共に、上下10μmの範囲で多数の微小な突
起やクラックがある。Here, how the cracks and protrusions on the surface of the base layer 41a are covered will be described. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the surface roughness curve M1 of the base layer 41a used in this developer carrying member, which is obtained by subjecting the aluminum cylindrical base layer to blasting and providing irregularities on the surface. Along with the overall large roughness, there are numerous minute projections and cracks in the range of 10 μm above and below.
【0025】このような基層41a表面上に電気硬質メ
ッキ層41cを直接形成すると、図5に示されるように
硬質メッキ層41c表面の粗さ曲線M2は、基層表面の
微小な突起やクラック部の影響を受けて、強調された急
峻を持っている。このような表面形状では、現像剤への
電荷付与作用が劣り、また、現像剤が急峻な凹に落ち込
んで固着し、現像剤担持部材の現像剤汚染を招くことに
なる。When the electric hard plating layer 41c is directly formed on the surface of the base layer 41a, the roughness curve M2 on the surface of the hard plating layer 41c shows a minute projection or a crack portion on the surface of the base layer as shown in FIG. Affected, has a sharpened steepness. With such a surface shape, the effect of imparting a charge to the developer is poor, and the developer falls into a steep recess and is fixed, resulting in contamination of the developer carrying member with the developer.
【0026】図6は、基層41a表面上に無電解メッキ
中間層41bを形成した場合の、その無電解メッキ中間
層41bの表面粗さ曲線M3を示している。無電解メッ
キのため、形成される粗さ曲線M3は滑らかであり、基
層41a表面の微小な突起やクラック部の影響を受けて
いない。FIG. 6 shows a surface roughness curve M3 of the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b when the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b is formed on the surface of the base layer 41a. Because of the electroless plating, the formed roughness curve M3 is smooth and is not affected by the minute protrusions or cracks on the surface of the base layer 41a.
【0027】図7は、図6の無電解メッキ中間層41b
の上に、図5に示したものと同じ電気硬質メッキ層41
cを形成したときの、電気硬質メッキ層41cの粗さ曲
線M4を示している。この曲線M4は、曲線M3に示さ
れる無電解メッキ中間層41bの滑らかな表面形状のた
め、同じく滑らかな曲線となっており、図5に示される
場合のような問題点が完全に解消されている。FIG. 7 shows the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b of FIG.
On top of the same electrohard plating layer 41 as shown in FIG.
The roughness curve M4 of the electric hard plating layer 41c when c is formed is shown. The curve M4 is also a smooth curve because of the smooth surface shape of the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b shown in the curve M3, and the problem as in the case shown in FIG. 5 is completely solved. There is.
【0028】従って、基層41aと硬質電気メッキ層4
1cとの間に無電解メッキ中間層41bを挟むことによ
って、図4に示した基層41a表面の微小な突起、クラ
ック部の影響を受けず滑らかな表面形状になる。Therefore, the base layer 41a and the hard electroplating layer 4
By sandwiching the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b with 1c, a smooth surface shape is obtained without being affected by minute protrusions and cracks on the surface of the base layer 41a shown in FIG.
【0029】ところが、従来の電気Crメッキ表層を用
いた場合、無電解メッキ中間層41bと硬質電気Crメ
ッキ層41cを直接接合すると、接合力が不足し、電気
Crメッキ表層41cの剥離を招来する。そのため、従
来は、図13に示すように接着層として、Niメッキ接
着層41dが設けられていたが、従来例で説明したよう
に、このNiメッキ接着層41dを設けることは、工程
の複雑化、コスト上昇につながる。However, in the case of using the conventional electric Cr-plated surface layer, if the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b and the hard electric Cr-plated layer 41c are directly joined, the joining force is insufficient and the electric Cr-plated surface layer 41c is peeled off. . Therefore, conventionally, the Ni plating adhesive layer 41d was provided as the adhesive layer as shown in FIG. 13, but as described in the conventional example, providing the Ni plating adhesive layer 41d complicates the process. , Leading to higher costs.
【0030】そこで、本発明において、無電解メッキ中
間層41bに直接硬質メッキ層41cを接合するのを可
能とするため、電気Crメッキ表層41cを、後に製造
法において説明するように、有機系の触媒を含有させた
電気Crメッキ液にて形成した。すると、有機系触媒の
作用で、無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bに対する結
合力が強力化され、電気Crメッキ表層41cが剥離す
ることはなくなった。Therefore, in the present invention, in order to enable the hard plating layer 41c to be directly bonded to the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b, the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c is made of an organic type as described later in the manufacturing method. It was formed with an electric Cr plating solution containing a catalyst. Then, the action of the organic catalyst strengthened the binding force to the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b, and the electric Cr plated surface layer 41c was not peeled off.
【0031】次に、このように、基層41a、有機系触
媒を含有する電気Crメッキ液を用いて形成された電気
Crメッキ表層41c、基層41aと電気Crメッキ表
層41cとの間に挟まれた無電解メッキ中間層41bで
構成される、現像剤担持部材41の好適な構成である本
実施例の現像剤担持部材411について説明する。Next, the base layer 41a, the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c formed by using the electric Cr plating solution containing the organic catalyst, and the base layer 41a and the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c were sandwiched between the base layer 41a and the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c. The developer carrying member 411 of the present embodiment, which is a preferred structure of the developer carrying member 41 and is constituted by the electroless plating intermediate layer 41b, will be described.
【0032】尚、本実施例における現像剤担持部材41
1は、及びそれを備えた現像装置4、画像形成装置は、
本発明の範囲内において最も好適に適用されるものであ
る。Incidentally, the developer carrying member 41 in this embodiment.
1 and a developing device 4 and an image forming apparatus equipped with the same,
It is most preferably applied within the scope of the present invention.
【0033】本実施例である現像剤担持部材411は、
現像剤との摩擦による現像剤への適正量の電荷の付与お
よび現像剤の固着防止の点から、所定の精度に設定され
た表面粗さを持つことが必要であり、その適正な表面粗
さは、通常、十点平均表面粗さRz=0.3〜7μmか
又は中心線平均表面粗さRa=0.05〜1.1μmの
範囲内にあることが好適である。The developer carrying member 411 of this embodiment is
From the viewpoint of giving an appropriate amount of electric charge to the developer due to friction with the developer and preventing the developer from sticking, it is necessary to have a surface roughness set to a prescribed accuracy. Is usually in the range of ten-point average surface roughness Rz = 0.3 to 7 μm or center line average surface roughness Ra = 0.05 to 1.1 μm.
【0034】このために、本発明による現像剤担持部材
411の表面層となる電気Crメッキ表層41cを形成
後に粗面化処理を行うことも可能であるが、電気硬質メ
ッキ層である電気Crメッキ表層41cの剥離やブラス
ト砥粒の付着の危険性の点を考慮すると、予め基材41
a表面に粗面化処理を施し、十点平均表面粗さRzは1
〜8μm又は中心線平均表面粗さRaが0.1〜1.2
μm程度の表面粗さにしておくことが好適である。この
粗面化処理としては、球形粒子によるブラスト処理が好
適である。For this reason, it is possible to carry out a roughening treatment after forming the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c which is the surface layer of the developer carrying member 411 according to the present invention, but the electric Cr plating which is an electric hard plating layer is also possible. Considering the risk of peeling of the surface layer 41c and adhesion of blast abrasive grains, the base material 41 is previously prepared.
The surface a is roughened, and the ten-point average surface roughness Rz is 1
.About.8 .mu.m or center line average surface roughness Ra is 0.1 to 1.2.
It is preferable to set the surface roughness to about μm. As the roughening treatment, blasting treatment with spherical particles is suitable.
【0035】基層41aの材質としては、アルミニウム
又はアルミニウム合金であり、硬度がビッカーズ硬度で
40〜180Hvのものが好ましい。アルミニウム又は
アルミニウム合金は、非磁性で磁界を利用する現像用に
適しており、硬度がビッカーズ硬度で、40〜180H
vと比較的軟らかいため、粗面化処理をしやすく、又、
熱伝導係数が150W/m・K以上と高いので、蓄熱し
にくく、使用中における熱膨張による寸法精度の低下を
生じにくい。The material of the base layer 41a is preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy and has a Vickers hardness of 40 to 180 Hv. Aluminum or an aluminum alloy is non-magnetic and suitable for development using a magnetic field, and has a Vickers hardness of 40 to 180H.
Since it is relatively soft as v, it is easy to roughen the surface.
Since the coefficient of thermal conductivity is as high as 150 W / m · K or more, it is difficult to store heat, and the dimensional accuracy is less likely to decrease due to thermal expansion during use.
【0036】無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bの厚さ
は、基層表面の微小突起やクラックを封入させる点か
ら、3μm以上が好ましく、また、均一なメッキ層を形
成し、且つ、トナーの搬送性に寄与する基層の所定の凹
凸形状がメッキ層表面に現れるようにするために、30
μm以下が好適である。The thickness of the electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer 41b is preferably 3 μm or more from the viewpoint of enclosing fine protrusions and cracks on the surface of the base layer, and a uniform plating layer is formed and the toner is conveyed. In order to make the predetermined uneven shape of the base layer that contributes to the property appear on the surface of the plating layer,
μm or less is preferable.
【0037】又、硬質メッキ層である電気Crメッキ表
層41cの厚さは、耐久性の点から0.2μm以上が好
ましい。また、良好な表面性を考慮すると、あまり厚過
ぎない方が良く、5μm以下が好適である。更に、無電
解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bの滑らかな表面形状が硬
質メッキ層41c表面にも現れる点から、電気Crメッ
キ表層41cは、Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bよりも薄
い方が良く、無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bの厚さ
の1/10以下が特に好ましい。The thickness of the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c, which is a hard plating layer, is preferably 0.2 μm or more from the viewpoint of durability. Further, in consideration of good surface property, it is better not to be too thick, and 5 μm or less is preferable. Further, since the smooth surface shape of the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b also appears on the surface of the hard plated layer 41c, it is better that the electric Cr plated surface layer 41c is thinner than the Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b. It is particularly preferable that the thickness is 1/10 or less of the thickness of the electrolytic Ni-P plating intermediate layer 41b.
【0038】現像剤担持部材41表面の汚染つまりスリ
ーブ汚染の汚染レベルは、以下に説明する現像剤担持部
材41表面の平均傾斜Δaに相関があり、Δaが小さい
ほど低い。すなわち、現像剤担持部材表面の汚染は、R
aやRzで表わされる表面粗さの大きさよりも、むしろ
現像剤担持部材41の表面形状に起因するところが大き
い。The contamination level of the surface of the developer carrying member 41, that is, the level of sleeve contamination is correlated with the average inclination Δa of the surface of the developer carrying member 41, which will be described below. That is, the contamination on the surface of the developer carrying member is R
The surface roughness of the developer carrying member 41 is more important than the surface roughness represented by a or Rz.
【0039】図8は、現像剤担持部材41の表面形状を
部分断面図として波状の曲線で示し、その平均傾斜Δa
を説明する説明図である。現像剤担持部材411の周方
向をx、法線方向をyとして、H1、H2、H3、H
4、〜Hnはそれぞれ、現像剤担持部材41のx方向の
距離Lの範囲において、任意に定めたn個所について、
断面図で波状に示されたy方向の表面が上下する高さで
ある。このとき、平均傾斜Δaは図6から求められた式
(1)で与えられる。FIG. 8 shows the surface shape of the developer carrying member 41 as a partial sectional view with a wavy curve, and its average inclination Δa.
It is an explanatory view explaining. H1, H2, H3, H, where the circumferential direction of the developer carrying member 411 is x and the normal direction is y
4, to Hn are respectively n points arbitrarily determined in the range of the distance L in the x direction of the developer carrying member 41,
It is the height at which the surface in the y-direction shown in a wavy shape in the cross-sectional view rises and falls. At this time, the average inclination Δa is given by the equation (1) obtained from FIG.
【0040】[0040]
【数1】 [Equation 1]
【0041】定性的には、図9にて示される粗さ曲線の
傾きΔa=tanθを表わす。Rは山の高さである。
尚、θは図9にて水平線が高さR方向にどれだけ傾いて
いるかを示す角度である。Qualitatively, it represents the slope Δa = tan θ of the roughness curve shown in FIG. R is the height of the mountain.
Note that θ is an angle indicating how much the horizontal line in FIG. 9 is inclined in the height R direction.
【0042】現像剤担持部材411は、長期間使用され
た後でも、現像剤が付着して、所謂、スリーブ汚染を生
じないことが必要である。このスリーブ汚染を防止する
点から、図8に示される現像剤担持部材411表面の平
均傾斜Δaは0.12以下に、また、現像剤搬送性の点
から、Δaは0.01以上に設定するのが好ましい。It is necessary that the developer carrying member 411 does not cause so-called sleeve contamination due to the adhesion of the developer even after being used for a long period of time. In order to prevent the sleeve contamination, the average inclination Δa of the surface of the developer carrying member 411 shown in FIG. 8 is set to 0.12 or less, and Δa is set to 0.01 or more from the viewpoint of developer transportability. Is preferred.
【0043】尚、本発明において、Δa、RaおよびR
zの測定には、接触式表面粗さ計((株)小坂研究所
製:サーフコーダSE−3300(商標))を用いた。
この測定器は、1回の測定でΔa、RaおよびRzを同
時に計測することができる。測定条件は、カットオフ値
が0.8mm、測定長さが2.5mm、送りスピードが
0.1mm/秒、倍率が5000倍である。In the present invention, Δa, Ra and R
A contact type surface roughness meter (manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Ltd .: Surfcorder SE-3300 (trademark)) was used for the measurement of z.
This measuring device can simultaneously measure Δa, Ra and Rz in one measurement. The measurement conditions are a cutoff value of 0.8 mm, a measurement length of 2.5 mm, a feed speed of 0.1 mm / sec, and a magnification of 5000 times.
【0044】次に、本実施例における現像剤担持部材4
11の製造方法を説明する。製造方法に関してはこれに
限るものではない。Next, the developer carrying member 4 in this embodiment.
The manufacturing method of No. 11 will be described. The manufacturing method is not limited to this.
【0045】基層41aを形成する、外径32.3mm
肉厚0.65mmのアルミニウムであるA6063製の
円筒表面を、ブラスト処理した。ブラスト砥粒として、
600メッシュの球形ガラス粒子を用い、次のようにし
てブラスト処理を行った。Outer diameter 32.3 mm forming the base layer 41a
A cylindrical surface made of aluminum having a thickness of 0.65 mm and made of A6063 was blasted. As blast abrasive grains,
Blasting was performed as follows using 600 mesh spherical glass particles.
【0046】即ち、ガラスビーズを、9min-1で回転
している基層41aとなるアルミニウム円筒に対して、
円筒から距離150mmに位置する7mm径のノズル4
本より4方向から、ブラスト圧各245kPaで9se
c間(合計36sec間)吹き付けた。That is, the glass beads were placed on the aluminum cylinder which is the base layer 41a and is rotating at 9 min -1 .
Nozzle 4 with a diameter of 7 mm located 150 mm from the cylinder
Blast pressure of 245kPa from each direction from 4 directions, 9se
It was sprayed for c (36 seconds in total).
【0047】ブラスト処理後、洗浄工程で円筒表面を洗
浄した後乾燥させる。円筒の表面粗さは中心線平均で
0.6μmRa、十点平均で4μmRzである。After the blast treatment, the surface of the cylinder is washed in a washing step and then dried. The surface roughness of the cylinder is 0.6 μmRa on the center line average and 4 μmRz on the ten-point average.
【0048】円筒表面をジンケート処理をして、表面に
亜鉛を付着させる。ジンケート処理は、アルミ基層とN
i−Pメッキとの密着性を向上させる。ジンケート処理
には、日本カニゼン社製のシューマK−102(商標)
を用いた。The surface of the cylinder is treated with zincate to deposit zinc on the surface. Zincate treatment is performed with aluminum base layer and N
Improves adhesion with i-P plating. For the zincate treatment, Schuma K-102 (trademark) made by Nippon Kanigen Co., Ltd.
Was used.
【0049】次に、基層41aである円筒を無電解Ni
−Pメッキ液中に浸して、その表面に19μm厚の無電
解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bを形成する。無電解Ni
−Pメッキ層41b中のP濃度は10.3wt%であ
る。尚、一般に、P濃度は5〜15wt%の範囲で調整
することが好ましい。無電解Ni−Pメッキ液として
は、日本カニゼン社製のS−754(商標)を用いた。Next, the cylinder that is the base layer 41a is electroless Ni.
It is dipped in a -P plating solution to form an electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer 41b having a thickness of 19 μm on the surface thereof. Electroless Ni
The P concentration in the -P plated layer 41b is 10.3 wt%. In general, it is preferable to adjust the P concentration in the range of 5 to 15 wt%. As the electroless Ni-P plating solution, S-754 (trademark) manufactured by Kanigen Japan Co., Ltd. was used.
【0050】無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bが形成
された円筒である基層41aの硬さは、ビッカーズ硬度
で501〜524Hv、表面粗さは、中心線平均で0.
35〜0.43μmRa、十点平均で2.5〜3.0μ
mRzである。無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bが形
成されたアルミニウムスリーブの保磁力は、殆どゼロО
eで、飽和磁束密度は0.5mT程度であり、無電解N
i−Pメッキ中間層41bを含めて現像剤担持部材41
1全体が非磁性であると言える。The hardness of the base layer 41a, which is a cylinder on which the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b is formed, is 501 to 524 Hv in Vickers hardness, and the surface roughness is 0.
35-0.43 μmRa, 10-point average 2.5-3.0 μ
mRz. The coercive force of the aluminum sleeve on which the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b is formed is almost zero.
e, the saturation magnetic flux density is about 0.5 mT, and the electroless N
The developer carrying member 41 including the iP plating intermediate layer 41b
It can be said that the whole 1 is non-magnetic.
【0051】無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bが形成
された円筒を、直接Crメッキ液に浸して電気メッキを
行い、1.5μm厚の電気Crメッキ表層41cを形成
する。The cylinder on which the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b is formed is directly immersed in a Cr plating solution for electroplating to form an electric Cr plated surface layer 41c having a thickness of 1.5 μm.
【0052】ここで、本発明においてはCrメッキ液と
して、有機液の触媒を含有したものを用いることが重要
である。例えば、本実施例においては、Crメッキ液と
して、有機系の触媒を含有するアトテックジャパン社製
のHEEF25C(商標)20ml/lを用い、更に、
硫酸2〜4.5g/l及び無水クロム酸200〜300
g/lを含有させ、それぞれ所定の濃度になるように調
整し、温度を50〜65℃にした混合液を使用した。Here, in the present invention, it is important to use, as the Cr plating liquid, a liquid containing a catalyst of an organic liquid. For example, in the present embodiment, HEEF25C (trademark) 20 ml / l manufactured by Atotech Japan Co., which contains an organic catalyst, is used as the Cr plating liquid, and further,
Sulfuric acid 2-4.5 g / l and chromic anhydride 200-300
A mixed solution containing g / l, adjusted to have a predetermined concentration, and having a temperature of 50 to 65 ° C. was used.
【0053】更に、CrO3/SO4の重量比を、60〜
100に維持すべく、アトテックジャパン社製のHEE
F25R(商標)を300〜450ml/KAhの割合
で補給する。Furthermore, the weight ratio of CrO 3 / SO 4 is 60 to
HEE made by Atotech Japan to maintain 100
F25R ™ is replenished at a rate of 300-450 ml / KAh.
【0054】又、陰極電流密度は、20〜90A/dm
2、陽極電流密度は、10〜45A/dm2に維持する。The cathode current density is 20 to 90 A / dm.
2. The anode current density is maintained at 10 to 45 A / dm 2 .
【0055】Crメッキされたスリーブである現像剤担
持部材411全体の磁気特性は、保磁力が94Oe、飽
和磁束密度が14.5mTであり、強磁性の性質を有す
る。The magnetic properties of the entire developer carrying member 411, which is a Cr-plated sleeve, are 94 Oe in coercive force and 14.5 mT in saturation magnetic flux density, and are ferromagnetic.
【0056】Crメッキされた現像剤担持部材41のビ
ッカーズ硬度Hvは605〜640であり、表面粗さ
は、0.53μmRa、3.54μmRzおよびΔaが
0.08である。The Vickers hardness Hv of the Cr-plated developer carrying member 41 is 605 to 640, and the surface roughness is 0.53 μmRa, 3.54 μmRz and Δa is 0.08.
【0057】このようにして処理された円筒内に、直径
30mmの永久磁石41’を装着し、現像剤担持部材4
1とする。A permanent magnet 41 'having a diameter of 30 mm is mounted in the cylinder thus processed, and the developer carrying member 4 is attached.
Set to 1.
【0058】ここで、本実施例では、図2の現像装置4
に現像剤担持部材411が備えられるとする。Here, in this embodiment, the developing device 4 shown in FIG.
Further, it is assumed that the developer carrying member 411 is provided.
【0059】本発明の一実施例である現像装置4は、現
像剤を収容する現像容器40を有し、現像容器40の開
口部に円筒状の現像剤担持部材411が備えられてい
る。現像剤担持部材411が現像剤を担持し、回転し
て、外部に搬送する。現像剤担持部材411表面に担持
する現像剤量つまり表面に塗布される現像剤の層厚は、
規制部材42によって規制される。又、現像容器40中
の現像剤は現像剤攪拌部材43に攪拌されている。そし
て、現像剤担持部材411の内側には、図2に示すよう
に、現像剤担持部材41の回転に対して固定された磁界
発生手段であるN1、S1、N2、S2、N3、S3の
6個の磁極を有するマグネット41’を備えている。現
像剤として用いられるトナーは、規制部材42で現像剤
担持部材41に塗布される厚さを規制され、それらのギ
ャップGsbは250μmに設定されている。The developing device 4, which is an embodiment of the present invention, has a developing container 40 for accommodating the developer, and a cylindrical developer carrying member 411 is provided at the opening of the developing container 40. The developer carrying member 411 carries the developer, rotates and conveys the developer to the outside. The amount of the developer carried on the surface of the developer carrying member 411, that is, the layer thickness of the developer applied to the surface is
It is regulated by the regulation member 42. The developer in the developing container 40 is agitated by the developer agitating member 43. Inside the developer carrying member 411, as shown in FIG. 2, 6 of N1, S1, N2, S2, N3 and S3 which are magnetic field generating means fixed with respect to the rotation of the developer carrying member 41. It is provided with a magnet 41 'having individual magnetic poles. The thickness of the toner used as the developer is regulated by the regulation member 42 on the developer carrying member 41, and the gap Gsb between them is set to 250 μm.
【0060】現像装置4は、図3に示すような、本発明
の一例である画像形成装置に備えられる。画像形成装置
の構成はこれに限るものではない。The developing device 4 is provided in an image forming apparatus which is an example of the present invention as shown in FIG. The configuration of the image forming apparatus is not limited to this.
【0061】静電潜像担持体1としては、直径108m
mのアモルファスシリコン(a−Si)を含む感光層1
1を有するドラム感光体1を用いた。プロセススピード
は500mm/secで毎分105枚の白黒デジタル複
写機である。a−Si感光層11は、有機感光体(OP
C)に比べ比誘電率が10程度と大きいことや帯電電位
が比較的低く、OPCに比べ潜像電位が十分に大きく設
定できないが、高耐久で寿命が300万枚以上あり、高
速の画像形成装置に向いているという特徴がある。The electrostatic latent image carrier 1 has a diameter of 108 m.
Photosensitive layer 1 containing m amorphous silicon (a-Si)
The drum photoreceptor 1 having No. 1 was used. It is a black-and-white digital copier with a process speed of 500 mm / sec and 105 sheets per minute. The a-Si photosensitive layer 11 is an organic photosensitive member (OP
Compared to C), the relative dielectric constant is as large as about 10 and the charging potential is relatively low, so the latent image potential cannot be set sufficiently high compared to OPC, but it has high durability and a life of 3 million sheets or more, and high-speed image formation. It has the feature that it is suitable for devices.
【0062】感光体1は、一次帯電装置2により例えば
+400Vに一様帯電された後、600dpiで画像露
光Eiがなされる。画像露光Eiは、半導体レーザーを
光源として露光部の表面電位を+50Vに減衰させて静
電潜像を形成する。波長は680nmである。The photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged by the primary charging device 2 to, for example, + 400V, and then subjected to image exposure Ei at 600 dpi. The image exposure Ei attenuates the surface potential of the exposed portion to +50 V using a semiconductor laser as a light source to form an electrostatic latent image. The wavelength is 680 nm.
【0063】レーザー光は、それぞれ不図示の、コリメ
ータレンズ、ポリゴンスキャナー、fθレンズ、折り返
しミラー、防塵ガラス等を介して感光体1上に照射され
る。感光体1上でのスポット径は600dpiの1画素
=42.3μmよりも若干大きい程度のスポットサイズ
で感光体1上に結像し、画像部を、+50V程度に除電
して、静電潜像を形成する。The laser light is applied to the photoconductor 1 through a collimator lens, a polygon scanner, an fθ lens, a folding mirror, dustproof glass, etc., which are not shown. The spot diameter on the photoconductor 1 is 600 dpi, and one image is formed on the photoconductor 1 with a spot size slightly larger than one pixel = 42.3 μm, and the image portion is neutralized to about +50 V to form an electrostatic latent image. To form.
【0064】その後、現像装置4により現像を行い、ポ
スト帯電装置5で感光体1上の現像剤(トナー)をプラ
スに帯電させると共に、感光体1とトナー間の吸着力を
弱め、転写、分離しやすいようにする。After that, development is performed by the developing device 4, the developer (toner) on the photoconductor 1 is positively charged by the post-charging device 5, and the attraction force between the photoconductor 1 and the toner is weakened to transfer and separate the toner. Make it easy to do.
【0065】トナーは、正に帯電し、重量平均粒径は
7.3μmである。トナー補給の動作は、図2の現像装
置4における現像容器40内の中央に位置する現像剤攪
拌部材43の攪拌領域付近のトナーがなくなると圧電素
子44信号によりマグロール49を回転させるような信
号を出し、マグロール49の回転により図3に示すホッ
パー9よりトナーが現像装置4内に補給される。The toner is positively charged and has a weight average particle diameter of 7.3 μm. The toner replenishment operation is performed by a signal for rotating the mag roll 49 by the piezoelectric element 44 signal when the toner in the vicinity of the stirring area of the developer stirring member 43 located in the center of the developing container 40 in the developing device 4 of FIG. The toner is replenished into the developing device 4 from the hopper 9 shown in FIG.
【0066】現像装置4により静電潜像を現像像(トナ
ー像)にした後、ポスト帯電器5で総電流+100μA
(AD+DC)流してトナー像を帯電させた後、矢印方
向に進む転写材に転写分離帯電装置6により転写分離
し、定着装置7に送ってトナー像を定着する。その後清
掃装置8によって、感光体1上の残トナーが清掃され
る。After the electrostatic latent image is converted into a developed image (toner image) by the developing device 4, the total current is +100 μA by the post charger 5.
After flowing (AD + DC) to charge the toner image, it is transferred and separated by the transfer separation charging device 6 to the transfer material which advances in the direction of the arrow, and sent to the fixing device 7 to fix the toner image. After that, the cleaning device 8 cleans the residual toner on the photoconductor 1.
【0067】現像剤としては、現像装置の構成が簡易と
なり、保守が不要である、高耐久性、高信頼性を備えた
正極性の一成分磁性トナーを用いた。As the developer, a positive-polarity one-component magnetic toner having a simple structure of the developing device and requiring no maintenance and having high durability and high reliability was used.
【0068】高速の画像形成装置の静電潜像担持体とし
て感光層がa−Siドラム11である感光体1を用いた
場合には、朝の最初の画像形成スタート時、つまり朝一
の画像流れやa−Si11が温度特性をもつため、これ
を防止し、安定に保つ目的で、図3に示すように、a−
Siドラム11の中に加熱部材としてドラムヒータ12
が内蔵されている。When the photoconductor 1 whose photosensitive layer is the a-Si drum 11 is used as the electrostatic latent image carrier of a high-speed image forming apparatus, the first image formation in the morning, that is, the first image flow in the morning. Since a and a-Si11 have temperature characteristics, in order to prevent them and keep them stable, as shown in FIG.
A drum heater 12 as a heating member in the Si drum 11.
Is built in.
【0069】この時、現像剤担持部材41の材質として
SUSを用いると、後に比較例1を用いて説明するよう
に、熱伝導率が小さいためにドラムヒータ12の熱によ
る変形が生じやすくなる。そのためにも、現像剤担持部
材41材質としては、熱伝導率が大きくドラムヒータ1
2による熱変形の小さいアルミニウム又はアルミニウム
合金を使用すると良い。At this time, if SUS is used as the material of the developer carrying member 41, the thermal conductivity of the drum heater 12 is small, so that the drum heater 12 is easily deformed by heat, as will be described later with reference to Comparative Example 1. For that reason, as the material of the developer carrying member 41, the drum heater 1 has a large thermal conductivity.
It is preferable to use aluminum or an aluminum alloy, which has a small thermal deformation due to 2.
【0070】この画像形成装置においては、現像剤担持
部材411は、感光体1に対して150%の周速度75
0mm・s-1で回転する。現像剤担持部材411と感光
体1とのギャップGsdは、220μmとし、現像バイ
アスは振幅1.3kVpp、周波数2.7kHzの交流
電圧に、280Vの直流電圧を重畳させたものを現像剤
担持部材411に印加している。従って、現像コントラ
ストは飛翔方向に230V、カブリ除去コントラストが
120Vとなる。In this image forming apparatus, the developer carrying member 411 has a peripheral velocity of 75% with respect to the photoconductor 1 of 75%.
Rotate at 0 mm · s -1 . The gap Gsd between the developer carrying member 411 and the photoconductor 1 is 220 μm, the developing bias has an amplitude of 1.3 kVpp, and a DC voltage of 280 V is superposed on an AC voltage of 2.7 kHz. Is being applied to. Therefore, the development contrast is 230V in the flying direction and the fog removal contrast is 120V.
【0071】トナーの重量平均粒径は4〜10μm(好
ましくは6〜8μm)で、重量平均粒径が4μm未満で
はトナーの制御が難しく、特にベタ黒部の濃度が低くな
りがちであり、10μmを超えると細線の解像度が劣
る。ここでは重量平均粒径7.3μmのものを用いた。The toner has a weight average particle diameter of 4 to 10 μm (preferably 6 to 8 μm). When the weight average particle diameter is less than 4 μm, it is difficult to control the toner, and the density of solid black portions tends to be low, and 10 μm is preferable. If it exceeds, the resolution of fine lines will be poor. Here, a weight average particle diameter of 7.3 μm was used.
【0072】トナーの粒度分布は種々の方法により測定
できるが、ここでは米国コールター社のコールターカウ
ンタTA−II型(商標)を用いた。電解液として1%
NaCl水溶液中に界面活性剤を数滴加えたものに、数
mgの試料を数分間、超音波分散させ100μmのアパ
ーチャーを通して、2〜40μmの粒子の粒度分布を計
測した。The particle size distribution of the toner can be measured by various methods. Here, Coulter Counter TA-II type (trademark) manufactured by Coulter Co., USA is used. 1% as electrolyte
A few mg of a sample was ultrasonically dispersed for several minutes in a solution obtained by adding a few drops of a surfactant to a NaCl aqueous solution, and the particle size distribution of particles of 2 to 40 μm was measured through a 100 μm aperture.
【0073】トナーのバインダー(結着樹脂)は、一般
的にはスチレン系のスチレン−アクリル共重合体、スチ
レン−ブタジエン共重合体等や、フェノール樹脂、ポリ
エステル等が挙げられる。ここでは、スチレン−アクリ
ル共重合体とスチレン−ブタジエン共重合体を8:2の
割合(重量)で用いた。The binder (binder resin) of the toner is generally a styrene-based styrene-acryl copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer or the like, or a phenol resin or polyester. Here, the styrene-acrylic copolymer and the styrene-butadiene copolymer were used in a ratio (weight) of 8: 2.
【0074】電荷制御剤(通常はトナーに内添されてい
るが外添も可能)にはニグロシン、4級アンモニウム、
トリフェニルメタン、イミダゾール等が用いられる。こ
こではトリフェニルメタンを(樹脂成分100部に対し
て)2重量部内添した。The charge control agent (usually added internally to the toner, but can be added externally) is nigrosine, quaternary ammonium,
Triphenylmethane, imidazole, etc. are used. Here, 2 parts by weight of triphenylmethane (based on 100 parts of the resin component) was internally added.
【0075】また、ワックス成分としてパラフィン系ワ
ックスを、磁性粒子としてマグネタイトを用いた。ま
た、流動化剤としてシリカをトナーに外添させた。Paraffin wax was used as the wax component and magnetite was used as the magnetic particles. Further, silica was externally added to the toner as a fluidizing agent.
【0076】実験例1
ここで、図2に示す現像装置4に上記に記載した本発明
における好適な例である実施例1の現像剤担持部材41
1及び以下に説明する比較例1〜4の現像剤担持部材4
1を装着して、これを図3に示す画像形成装置に適用し
て、30℃80%RHの環境において、100万枚のプ
リント出力耐久試験を行い、それぞれの現像剤担持部材
41の摩耗度を表面粗さで評価した。Experimental Example 1 Here, the developer carrying member 41 of Example 1 which is a preferred example of the present invention described above in the developing device 4 shown in FIG.
1 and the developer carrying member 4 of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 described below.
1 is applied to the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 3, and a print output durability test of 1 million sheets is performed in an environment of 30 ° C. and 80% RH. Was evaluated by the surface roughness.
【0077】そして、それらのの構成、性能等を表1、
2、3、4に示した。Table 1 shows their configurations and performances.
2, 3, and 4.
【0078】[0078]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0079】[0079]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0080】[0080]
【表3】 [Table 3]
【0081】[0081]
【表4】 [Table 4]
【0082】比較例1
現像剤担持部材41の基層41aが、SUS304製で
ある点が、本発明の現像剤担持部材411と異なる。Comparative Example 1 The developer carrying member 41 is different from the developer carrying member 411 in that the base layer 41a of the developer carrying member 41 is made of SUS304.
【0083】SUS304は、熱伝導性が悪いため、感
光体1のヒータ12の熱の影響を受け易く、現像剤担持
部材41の周周期の画像濃度ムラ(スリーブピッチム
ラ)が生じる。Since SUS304 has a poor thermal conductivity, it is easily affected by the heat of the heater 12 of the photosensitive member 1, and uneven image density (sleeve pitch unevenness) in the circumferential cycle of the developer carrying member 41 occurs.
【0084】また、硬度が高いため、表面粗さが低めで
ある上、材料コストも高い(表2、4)。Further, since the hardness is high, the surface roughness is low and the material cost is high (Tables 2 and 4).
【0085】比較例2
現像剤担持部材41の基層41aの上層が、無電解Ni
Pメッキ層42bのみで、電器Crメッキ表層41cが
ない点が、本発明と異なる。Comparative Example 2 The upper layer of the base layer 41a of the developer carrying member 41 is electroless Ni.
The present invention is different from the present invention in that only the P plating layer 42b is provided and the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c is not provided.
【0086】電気Crメッキ表層41cを形成する工程
が不用なので、製造コストは低下するものの耐磨耗性が
低下するため、現像縦筋が生じるなど、大量出力後の画
質も低下し、維持コストも上昇する(表2、4)。Since the step of forming the electric Cr-plated surface layer 41c is unnecessary, the manufacturing cost is lowered, but the abrasion resistance is lowered, so that the image quality after a large amount of output is deteriorated due to the development vertical stripes and the maintenance cost is also lowered. It rises (Tables 2 and 4).
【0087】比較例3
現像剤担持部材41の無電解Ni−P中間層41bがな
い点が、本発明と異なる。Comparative Example 3 The difference from the present invention is that the electroless Ni—P intermediate layer 41b of the developer carrying member 41 is not provided.
【0088】無電解Ni−Pメッキ層41bを形成する
工程が不要なので、製造コストは低下するものの、基層
41aの表面形状がそのまま、表層に反映され、トナー
汚染しやすくなり、大量出力後の画質も低下し、カブリ
増加が起こり、画像濃度低下し、維持コストも上昇する
(表2、4)。Since the step of forming the electroless Ni-P plated layer 41b is unnecessary, the manufacturing cost is reduced, but the surface shape of the base layer 41a is reflected as it is on the surface layer, which easily causes toner contamination, and the image quality after large-scale output is large. Also, the fog increases, the image density decreases, and the maintenance cost also increases (Tables 2 and 4).
【0089】比較例4
現像剤担持部材41の無電解Ni−P中間層41bと表
層である電気Crメッキ表層41cとの間に接着層とし
てのNi層41dがある(図13)点が、本発明と異な
る。Comparative Example 4 The point is that there is a Ni layer 41d as an adhesive layer between the electroless Ni-P intermediate layer 41b of the developer carrying member 41 and the electric Cr-plated surface layer 41c which is the surface layer (FIG. 13). Different from the invention.
【0090】このNiメッキ接着層41dを設けること
は、工程を複雑化し、コスト上昇につながる。又、Ni
メッキ層41dは磁性を有するので、これを打ち消すた
めに無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41bのPの比率を増
加させると、無電解Ni−Pめっき液のコスト上昇が発
生する。Providing the Ni-plated adhesive layer 41d complicates the process and increases the cost. Also, Ni
Since the plating layer 41d has magnetism, if the P ratio of the electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer 41b is increased to cancel it, the cost of the electroless Ni-P plating solution increases.
【0091】実験1による、耐久試験により、表3、4
に示されるように、本発明の実施例1である現像剤担持
部材411は、耐久使用後も殆ど摩耗、メッキの剥離が
なく、初期特性を維持していることが認められ、又、比
較例1及び3の現像剤担持部材は、いずれも画像形成濃
度が低下し、耐久使用後の摩耗が大きいことが認められ
た。According to the durability test of Experiment 1, Tables 3 and 4
As shown in FIG. 6, the developer carrying member 411 of Example 1 of the present invention was found to maintain its initial characteristics with almost no wear or peeling of plating even after long-term use. It was confirmed that the developer-carrying members of Nos. 1 and 3 both had low image forming densities and large abrasion after durable use.
【0092】以上に説明したように、本発明の層構成を
有する現像剤担持部材によれば、低コストに作成可能
で、部材表面が改善され、且つ、硬質メッキ層のメリッ
トを十分に生かすことができるため、長期耐久によって
もその表面の劣化が小さく、高品質のトナー画像を提供
することができることが明らかとなった。As described above, according to the developer carrying member having the layer structure of the present invention, it can be produced at a low cost, the member surface is improved, and the merit of the hard plating layer is fully utilized. Therefore, it has become clear that deterioration of the surface is small even after long-term durability and a high quality toner image can be provided.
【0093】実施例2
本実施例においては、現像剤担持部材41として用いら
れる現像剤担持部材a、b、c、dにおいて、現像剤担
持部材411のCrメッキ表層厚を変化させて、実施例
1における0.2μm以上5μm以下の範囲外の厚さに
した以外の構成は、実施例1の現像剤担持部材411、
現像装置4、画像形成装置と同様である。電気Crメッ
キ表層41cの厚さを上記の範囲外にすると以下に説明
するように、コストが上昇したり、性能が低下したりす
る。表1、表3に示すように、これらの現像剤担持部材
a、b、c、dを用いた画像形成装置による画質は、良
好に維持できる。Example 2 In this example, in the developer carrying members a, b, c, d used as the developer carrying member 41, the Cr plating surface layer thickness of the developer carrying member 411 was changed to obtain an example. 1 except that the thickness is outside the range of 0.2 μm or more and 5 μm or less in the first embodiment.
This is the same as the developing device 4 and the image forming apparatus. If the thickness of the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c is out of the above range, the cost will increase and the performance will decrease, as will be described below. As shown in Tables 1 and 3, the image quality by the image forming apparatus using these developer carrying members a, b, c, d can be maintained good.
【0094】1.現像剤担持部材aにおいては電気Cr
メッキ表層41c厚を5μm、現像剤担持部材bにおい
ては、5.1μmにした。つまり、実施例1より厚くす
る。すると、電気Crメッキ41cを形成するための時
間が多くかかることにより、現像剤担持部材41の製造
コストが上昇し、電気Crメッキ41cを厚くすること
により、細線のレベルが低下することがわかる。1. In the developer carrying member a, electric Cr
The thickness of the plating surface layer 41c was 5 μm, and the thickness of the developer carrying member b was 5.1 μm. That is, it is made thicker than in the first embodiment. Then, it can be seen that it takes a long time to form the electric Cr plating 41c, which increases the manufacturing cost of the developer carrying member 41, and the thicker the electric Cr plating 41c lowers the level of the fine line.
【0095】2.現像剤担持部材cにおいては、電気C
rメッキ表層厚を0.2μm、現像剤担持部材dにおい
ては0.19μmにした。つまり実施例1より薄くす
る。すると、電気Crメッキを形成するための時間が少
なく済むことにより、現像剤担持部材41の製造コスト
が低下するが、電気Crメッキ41cを薄くすることに
より、耐久性が低下することがわかる。2. In the developer carrying member c, electric C
The thickness of the r plating surface layer was 0.2 μm, and the thickness of the developer carrying member d was 0.19 μm. That is, it is made thinner than in the first embodiment. Then, it is understood that the manufacturing cost of the developer carrying member 41 is reduced because the time for forming the electric Cr plating is reduced, but the durability is reduced by thinning the electric Cr plating 41c.
【0096】従って、本発明において、電気Crメッキ
表層厚を0.2〜5μmにすることによって、細線のレ
ベルの低下を防ぎ、耐久性を備えた現像剤担持部材、現
像装置及び画像形成装置が実現できることがわかる。Therefore, in the present invention, the electrophotographic Cr plating surface layer thickness is set to 0.2 to 5 μm to prevent the deterioration of the fine line level and to provide a durable developer carrying member, a developing device and an image forming apparatus. You can see that it can be realized.
【0097】尚、表1、2、3、4においては、これら
の例をa〜sの記号を用いて表している。表1、3にて
示されるa〜kまでが現像剤担持部材41で構成を変化
させた例を示し、表2、4にて示されるl〜sは、現像
剤担持部材411を用いて、現像装置又は画像形成装置
又は現像剤を変更した例について示す。In Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4, these examples are represented by using symbols a to s. A to k shown in Tables 1 and 3 show examples in which the configuration is changed by the developer carrying member 41, and 1 to s shown in Tables 2 and 4 are obtained by using the developer carrying member 411. An example in which the developing device, the image forming device, or the developer is changed will be described.
【0098】実施例3
本実施例においては、現像剤担持部材41として用いら
れる現像剤担持部材e、f、g、hにおいて、実施例1
においては0.2μm以上30μm以下の範囲であった
現像剤担持部材411の無電解Ni−Pメッキ層厚を上
記範囲外で変化させた以外の構成は実施例1の現像剤担
持部材411、現像装置4、画像形成装置と同様であ
る。無電解Ni−Pメッキ層の厚さを上記の範囲外にす
ると以下に説明するように、コストが上昇したり、性能
が低下したりするが、表1、3に示すように、これらの
現像剤担持部材e、f、g、hを用いた画像形成装置に
よる画質は、良好に維持できる。Embodiment 3 In this embodiment, the developer carrying members e, f, g and h used as the developer carrying member 41 are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In the range of 0.2 μm to 30 μm inclusive, the developer carrying member 411 of Example 1 is the same as the developer carrying member 411 of Example 1 except that the thickness of the electroless Ni-P plating layer of the developer carrying member 411 is changed outside the above range. This is the same as the device 4 and the image forming device. When the thickness of the electroless Ni-P plating layer is out of the above range, the cost increases and the performance decreases as described below. The image quality of the image forming apparatus using the agent carrying members e, f, g, and h can be maintained excellent.
【0099】1.無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41b厚
が、現像剤担持部材eにおいては30μm、現像剤担持
部材fにおいて31μmにした。つまり、実施例1より
厚くする。すると、無電解Ni−Pメッキ41bを形成
するための時間が多くかかることにより、現像剤担持部
材41の製造コストが上昇する。1. The thickness of the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer 41b was 30 μm in the developer carrying member e and 31 μm in the developer carrying member f. That is, it is made thicker than in the first embodiment. Then, since it takes a lot of time to form the electroless Ni-P plating 41b, the manufacturing cost of the developer carrying member 41 increases.
【0100】2.無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層41b厚
が、例gにおいては3μm、例hにおいては2.5μm
にした。つまり、実施例1より薄くする。すると、無電
解Ni−Pメッキ41bを形成するための時間が少なく
て済むことにより、現像剤担持部材41の製造コストが
低下するが、表面粗さが上昇し、画像濃度低下、カブリ
増加等を招く。2. The thickness of the electroless Ni—P plating intermediate layer 41b is 3 μm in Example g and 2.5 μm in Example h.
I chose That is, the thickness is made thinner than that in the first embodiment. Then, since the time for forming the electroless Ni-P plating 41b is short, the manufacturing cost of the developer carrying member 41 is reduced, but the surface roughness is increased, and the image density is reduced and the fog is increased. Invite.
【0101】従って、本発明において、更に、無電解N
i−Pメッキ中間層の層厚を3〜30μmにすることに
よって、現像剤担持部材の表面粗さが良好となり、低コ
ストに現像剤担持部材を製造でき、画像形成装置におい
ては、良好な画像を形成可能となることがわかる。Therefore, in the present invention, further, electroless N
By setting the layer thickness of the i-P plated intermediate layer to 3 to 30 μm, the surface roughness of the developer carrying member becomes good, the developer carrying member can be manufactured at low cost, and a good image can be obtained in the image forming apparatus. It can be seen that it is possible to form
【0102】実施例4
本実施例においては、実施例1と逆に、現像剤担持部材
41の電気Crメッキ表層41cの層厚を無電解Ni−
Pメッキ層41bの層厚より厚くさせた現像剤担持部材
iを用いた例について説明する。現像剤担持部材iにお
いて、電気Crメッキ表層41cの層厚が5μm、無電
解Ni−Pメッキ層厚が4μmである点以外は実施例1
の現像剤担持部材411、現像装置4、画像形成装置と
同様である。Example 4 In this example, contrary to Example 1, the thickness of the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c of the developer carrying member 41 was changed to electroless Ni-.
An example of using the developer carrying member i thicker than the P plating layer 41b will be described. In the developer carrying member i, Example 1 except that the thickness of the electric Cr plating surface layer 41c is 5 μm and the thickness of the electroless Ni—P plating layer is 4 μm.
The developer carrying member 411, the developing device 4, and the image forming apparatus are the same.
【0103】現像剤担持部材iでは、電気Crメッキ4
1cを形成するための時間が多くかかることにより、現
像剤担持部材41の製造コストが上昇し、電気Crメッ
キ41cを厚くすることにより、細線のレベルが低下す
る。一方、無電解Ni−Pメッキ41bを形成するため
の時間が少なくて済むことにより、現像剤担持部材41
の製造コストが低下するが、表面粗さが上昇し、画像濃
度低下、カブリ増加等を招く。In the developer carrying member i, electric Cr plating 4
Since it takes a long time to form 1c, the manufacturing cost of the developer carrying member 41 increases, and the thickening of the electric Cr plating 41c lowers the level of the fine wire. On the other hand, since the time for forming the electroless Ni-P plating 41b is short, the developer carrying member 41
Although the manufacturing cost is decreased, the surface roughness is increased, and the image density is decreased and the fog is increased.
【0104】このように、Crメッキ表層を及びNi−
Pメッキ層の厚さより厚くすると、コストが上昇した
り、性能が低下したりするが、表1、3に示すように、
画像濃度が低下する以外の画像形成装置による画質は、
良好に維持できる。Thus, the Cr-plated surface layer and Ni-
If the thickness is larger than the thickness of the P-plated layer, the cost will increase and the performance will decrease, but as shown in Tables 1 and 3,
The image quality of the image forming apparatus other than the image density decrease is
Can be maintained well.
【0105】従って、本発明において、更に、電気Cr
メッキ表層の厚さが、無電解Ni−P中間層より薄いこ
とによって、画像濃度低下やカブリ増加を回避できるこ
とがわかる。Therefore, in the present invention, the electric Cr
It can be understood that the image density decrease and the increase of fog can be avoided by making the plating surface layer thinner than the electroless Ni-P intermediate layer.
【0106】実施例5
本実施例においては、現像剤担持部材41として用いら
れる現像剤担持部材j、kにおいて、実施例1において
はビッカーズ硬度で40〜80Hvの範囲であった現像
剤担持部材41の基層41aを上記範囲外で変化させる
以外の構成は、実施例1の現像剤担持部材411、現像
装置4、画像形成装置と同様である。基層41aの厚さ
を上記の範囲外にすると以下に説明するように、コスト
が上昇したり、性能が低下したりするが、表1、3に示
すように、画像形成装置による画質は、許容範囲内であ
る。Embodiment 5 In the present embodiment, the developer carrying members j and k used as the developer carrying member 41 have the Vickers hardness of 40 to 80 Hv in the first embodiment. The configuration is the same as that of the developer carrying member 411, the developing device 4, and the image forming apparatus of the first embodiment, except that the base layer 41a is changed out of the above range. When the thickness of the base layer 41a is out of the above range, the cost increases or the performance deteriorates as described below. However, as shown in Tables 1 and 3, the image quality by the image forming apparatus is not acceptable. It is within the range.
【0107】1.基層41aの硬度を、現像剤担持部材
jにおいては35Hvにした。つまり、実施例1の現像
剤担持部材411より低くする。すると、現像剤担持部
材41の素管の硬度が低いため,ブラスト後の表面粗さ
が上昇し、画像濃度低下がおこり、カブリ増加等を招く
こと、凝集度が上昇した現像剤との摺擦による傷が付き
やすいことがわかる(表1、3)。1. The hardness of the base layer 41a was set to 35 Hv in the developer carrying member j. That is, it is lower than the developer carrying member 411 of the first embodiment. Then, since the hardness of the raw material tube of the developer carrying member 41 is low, the surface roughness after blasting increases, the image density decreases, which leads to an increase in fog and the like. It can be seen that scratches are likely to occur (Tables 1 and 3).
【0108】2.基層41aの硬度を、現像剤担持部材
kにおいては185Hvにした。つまり、実施例1より
硬くする。すると、現像剤担持部材41の素管の硬度が
高く、ブラスト後の表面粗さが低いため、スリーブゴー
スト及びブロッチが悪化することや、ブラストに時間が
かかるため製造コスト上昇を招くことがわかる(表1、
3)。2. The hardness of the base layer 41a was set to 185 Hv in the developer carrying member k. That is, it is made harder than the first embodiment. Then, it can be seen that the hardness of the raw material tube of the developer carrying member 41 is high and the surface roughness after blasting is low, so that the sleeve ghost and blotch are deteriorated, and the blasting takes time, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost ( Table 1,
3).
【0109】従って、現像剤担持部材の基層の硬度が4
0〜180Hvであることによって、表面粗さを良好に
し、低コストで製造でき、画像濃度低下やカブリ増加を
回避できることがわかる。Therefore, the hardness of the base layer of the developer carrying member is 4
It can be seen that when it is from 0 to 180 Hv, the surface roughness can be improved, the manufacturing can be performed at low cost, and the decrease in image density and the increase in fog can be avoided.
【0110】実施例6
本実施例では、図10に示すように、現像装置4として
用いられる現像装置lにおいて、現像剤が非磁性一成分
であり、現像剤担持部材41上の現像剤薄層形成が、非
接触の磁性金属製の板状部材42ではなく、ゴム製の板
状部材42’を現像剤担持部材41に圧接させることに
より行うことと、現像剤担持部材41は、永久磁石4
1’を内包しない代わりに、発砲ウレタンゴム製の塗布
ローラ45を圧接させながら、回転している。それ以外
は実施例1の現像剤担持部材411、現像装置4、画像
形成装置と同様の構成である。Example 6 In this example, as shown in FIG. 10, in the developing device 1 used as the developing device 4, the developer was a non-magnetic one component, and the thin developer layer on the developer carrying member 41 was used. The formation is performed by pressing the rubber-made plate-shaped member 42 ′ to the developer-carrying member 41 instead of the non-contact magnetic-metal-made plate-shaped member 42, and
Instead of containing 1 ', the coating roller 45 made of foamed urethane rubber is rotated while being pressed against it. The other configurations are the same as those of the developer carrying member 411, the developing device 4, and the image forming apparatus of the first embodiment.
【0111】現像装置lにおいては、実施例1と比較す
ると、現像剤担持部材41と現像剤薄層形成部材42’
が接触しているため、現像剤担持部材41が磨耗し易
く、縦筋が発生しやすいこと、トナーが、磁気力による
拘束を受けないので、画像形成装置内部へのトナー飛散
が悪化すること及び画像形成装置の保守頻度が増加する
ことによる維持コストが上昇する(表2、4)。In the developing device 1, as compared with the first embodiment, the developer carrying member 41 and the developer thin layer forming member 42 '.
Are in contact with each other, the developer carrying member 41 is easily worn and vertical streaks are easily generated, and the toner is not restricted by magnetic force, so that toner scattering inside the image forming apparatus is deteriorated. The maintenance cost increases as the maintenance frequency of the image forming apparatus increases (Tables 2 and 4).
【0112】従って、本発明の画像形成装置において、
更に、現像剤が磁性トナーを含むことによって、現像剤
耐久性が良好になり、トナー飛散による画像形成装置内
部の汚染が回避できることがわかる。Therefore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention,
Further, it can be seen that the developer containing the magnetic toner improves the durability of the developer and avoids contamination of the inside of the image forming apparatus due to toner scattering.
【0113】実施例7
本実施例では、現像剤に使用される磁性トナー重量平均
粒形が、実施例1においては4〜10μmであるのを変
化させて、上記範囲外の粒形にした例で、それ以外の条
件は実施例1と同様の現像剤担持部材41、現像装置
4、画像形成装置の例n’、oについて説明する。磁性
トナーの重量平均粒径を上記の範囲外にすると以下に説
明するように、性能が低下したりするが、表2、4に示
すように、画像形成装置による画質は、良好に維持でき
る。Example 7 In this example, the weight average particle size of the magnetic toner used in the developer was changed from 4 to 10 μm in Example 1 so that the particle size was out of the above range. The other conditions will be described with respect to the developer carrying member 41, the developing device 4, and the image forming apparatus examples n ′ and o which are the same as those in the first embodiment. When the weight average particle diameter of the magnetic toner is out of the above range, the performance may be deteriorated as described below, but as shown in Tables 2 and 4, the image quality of the image forming apparatus can be kept good.
【0114】1.磁性トナーの重量平均粒形を例n’に
おいて3.5μmにした。つまり、実施例1より小さく
する。すると、トナーの重量平均粒径が小さいため、電
荷量が過剰となり、凝集度も増加し、表2、4に示すよ
うに、実施例1の現像剤担持部材411を用いたものと
比較して、画像濃度低下が起こり、カブリ増加が起こ
り、スリーブゴースト及びブロッチの悪化を示された。1. The weight average particle shape of the magnetic toner was set to 3.5 μm in Example n ′. That is, it is smaller than that in the first embodiment. Then, since the weight average particle diameter of the toner is small, the charge amount becomes excessive, and the cohesion degree also increases. As shown in Tables 2 and 4, as compared with the case where the developer carrying member 411 of Example 1 is used. The image density decreased, the fog increased, and the sleeve ghost and blotch deteriorated.
【0115】2.磁性トナーの重量平均粒形を、例oに
おいて11μmにした場合。つまり実施例1より大きく
する。すると、トナーの重量平均粒径が大きいため、ト
ナーの帯電量が不足気味となり、表2、4に示すよう
に、画像濃度低下、カブリ増加及びスリーブゴーストが
悪化した。2. When the weight average particle shape of the magnetic toner is set to 11 μm in Example o. That is, it is made larger than that in the first embodiment. Then, since the weight average particle diameter of the toner is large, the charge amount of the toner tends to be insufficient, and as shown in Tables 2 and 4, the image density is lowered, the fog is increased, and the sleeve ghost is deteriorated.
【0116】従って、本発明の画像形成装置において、
更に、磁性トナーの重量平均粒形を4μm〜10μmと
することによって、スリーブゴースト、画像濃度低下、
カブリ増加を回避することができることがわかる。Therefore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention,
Further, by setting the weight average particle shape of the magnetic toner to 4 μm to 10 μm, sleeve ghost, image density decrease,
It can be seen that the increase in fog can be avoided.
【0117】実施例8
本実施例においては、実施例1においては、使用される
現像剤としての磁性トナーが正帯電性であったのに対し
て、負帯電性の磁性トナーを使用した。磁性トナーの材
質と現像条件以外は、実施例1の現像剤担持部材41
1、現像装置4、画像形成装置である例pについて説明
する。Example 8 In this example, a magnetic toner as a developer used in Example 1 was positively charged, whereas a negatively charged magnetic toner was used. Except for the material of the magnetic toner and the developing conditions, the developer carrying member 41 of the first embodiment is used.
1, the developing device 4, and the example p which is the image forming device will be described.
【0118】例pでは、磁性トナーが負帯電性であり、
感光体1上の画像部電位が+400V、非画像部電位が
+50V、現像バイアスの直流電圧が170Vである点
等が、実施例1と異なる。In Example p, the magnetic toner is negatively charged,
It differs from Example 1 in that the potential of the image portion on the photoconductor 1 is + 400V, the potential of the non-image portion is + 50V, and the DC voltage of the developing bias is 170V.
【0119】又、トナーに添加する負荷電制御剤として
は、例えば有機金属錯体、キレート化合物が有効で、モ
ノアゾ金属錯体、アセチルアセトン金属錯体、芳香族ハ
イドロキシカルボン酸、芳香族ダイカルボン酸系の金属
錯体がある。他には、芳香族ハイドロキシカルボン酸、
芳香族モノ及びポリカルボン酸及びその金属塩、無水
物、エステル類やビスフェノール等のフェノール誘導体
類が挙げられる。As the negative charge control agent to be added to the toner, for example, an organic metal complex or a chelate compound is effective, and a monoazo metal complex, an acetylacetone metal complex, an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid type metal complex is used. There is. In addition, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid,
Examples thereof include aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, anhydrides, esters, and phenol derivatives such as bisphenol.
【0120】例pにおいては、電気Crメッキは、トナ
ーを負に帯電させる性能が不足気味であるためか、トナ
ーの帯電量も不足気味となり、画像濃度低下、カブリ増
加及びスリーブゴーストの悪化を認めたが、スリーブピ
ッチムラ及び現像縦筋については良好に保たれた。In Example p, the electric Cr plating is likely to be insufficient in the ability to negatively charge the toner, and the charge amount of the toner is also inadequate, so that the image density is lowered, the fog is increased, and the sleeve ghost is deteriorated. However, the unevenness of the sleeve pitch and the vertical streaks of development were kept good.
【0121】従って、本発明の画像形成装置において、
更に、磁性トナーを正帯電性とすることによって、トナ
ー帯電量が十分量になり、画像濃度低下やカブリ増加を
回避できることがわかる。Therefore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention,
Further, it can be seen that by making the magnetic toner positively chargeable, the toner charge amount becomes sufficient and it is possible to avoid a decrease in image density and an increase in fog.
【0122】実施例9
本実施例においては、現像剤担持部材41を実施例1の
現像剤担持部材411と同様のものを用い、実施例1で
用いた現像剤をキャリア粒子を含む二成分現像剤に代
え、それに伴い、現像装置も、実施例1とは構成を変更
させた画像形成装置qについて説明する。Example 9 In this example, the same developer carrying member 41 as the developer carrying member 411 of Example 1 was used, and the developer used in Example 1 was subjected to two-component development containing carrier particles. An image forming apparatus q in which the configuration of the developing device is changed from that of the first embodiment instead of the agent will be described.
【0123】キャリアとしては、磁性体粒子の表面に極
めて薄く樹脂コーティングを施したもの等が好適に使用
でき、平均粒径は5〜70μmが好ましく、電気抵抗は
10 7Ω・cm以上、好ましくは108Ω・cm以上が好
適である。As a carrier, the surface of the magnetic particles is poled.
Those with a thin resin coating are suitable for use.
The average particle size is preferably 5 to 70 μm, and the electrical resistance is
10 7Ω · cm or more, preferably 108Ω · cm or more is preferable
It is suitable.
【0124】キャリアとして、フッ素系樹脂−スチレン
系樹脂コートフェライト粒子からなり、250メッシュ
パス(通過)、350メッシュオン(非通過)の粒径を
有する粒子を70〜90wt%含有するキャリアを使用
した。As the carrier, there was used a carrier composed of fluorine resin-styrene resin coated ferrite particles and containing 70 to 90 wt% of particles having a particle size of 250 mesh pass (pass) and 350 mesh on (non-pass). .
【0125】具体的には、ビニリデンフルオライド−テ
トラフルオロエチレン共重合体とスチレン−アクリル酸
2−エチルヘキシル−メタクリル酸メチルが5:5(重
量比)の樹脂混合物を、0.2〜0.7wt%コートし
たフェライト粒子を使用した。Specifically, a resin mixture of vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and styrene-2-ethylhexyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate 5: 5 (weight ratio) was added in an amount of 0.2 to 0.7 wt. % Coated ferrite particles were used.
【0126】本実施例にて用いられる現像装置4’を図
11に示す。現像容器40内部は、隔壁40aによって
二つの現像室40b,40cとに区画されている。現像
装置4’において、現像室40c内にはスクリュー状の
攪拌部材43cが設置され、この攪拌部材43cの回転
駆動によって現像室40c内の現像剤が撹拌されなが
ら、現像剤担持部材41の長手方向に向けて搬送され
る。現像装置4’を上方からみた長手方向の断面図であ
る図12を用いて説明すると、現像室40b内にもスク
リュー状の攪拌部材43bが設置され、この攪拌部材4
3bの回転駆動によって現像室40b内の現像剤とこれ
に供給されたトナーが撹拌されながら、現像剤担持部材
41の長手方向に向けて搬送する。攪拌部材43bによ
る搬送方向は、攪拌部材43cによるそれとは反対方向
である。A developing device 4'used in this embodiment is shown in FIG. The inside of the developing container 40 is divided into two developing chambers 40b and 40c by a partition wall 40a. In the developing device 4 ′, a screw-shaped stirring member 43 c is installed in the developing chamber 40 c, and the rotational driving of the stirring member 43 c stirs the developer in the developing chamber 40 c while the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying member 41. Be transported to. Referring to FIG. 12, which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the developing device 4'as viewed from above, a screw-shaped stirring member 43b is installed also in the developing chamber 40b.
The developer in the developing chamber 40b and the toner supplied thereto are agitated by the rotational driving of 3b, and are conveyed in the longitudinal direction of the developer carrying member 41. The transport direction by the stirring member 43b is opposite to that by the stirring member 43c.
【0127】現像容器40の隔壁40aには手前側と奥
側に開口が設けられており、攪拌部材43cで搬送され
た現像剤がこの開口の1つから攪拌部材43bに受け渡
され、攪拌部材43bで搬送された現像剤が他の1つの
開口から攪拌部材43cに受け渡され、上記したように
撹拌されながら搬送される。この撹拌43cによる磁性
キャリアとの摩擦で、トナーは潜像を現像するための極
性に帯電される。The partition 40a of the developing container 40 is provided with openings on the front side and the back side, and the developer conveyed by the stirring member 43c is transferred to the stirring member 43b through one of the openings, and the stirring member 43b is supplied. The developer transported by 43b is transferred to the stirring member 43c from the other one opening, and is transported while being stirred as described above. By the friction with the magnetic carrier due to the stirring 43c, the toner is charged to the polarity for developing the latent image.
【0128】現像バイアスの振幅は、1〜5kVが好ま
しく、周波数は1〜10kHzが好ましい。振動バイア
ス電圧の波形は、矩形波、サイン波、三角波等が使用で
きる。The amplitude of the developing bias is preferably 1 to 5 kV, and the frequency is preferably 1 to 10 kHz. A rectangular wave, a sine wave, a triangular wave, or the like can be used as the waveform of the vibration bias voltage.
【0129】現像剤担持部材41と感光体1とのギャッ
プGsdは、0.2〜1mm、現像剤担持部材41と規
制部材42とのギャップGsbは、0.4〜2mmであ
ることが好適である。It is preferable that the gap Gsd between the developer carrying member 41 and the photosensitive member 1 is 0.2 to 1 mm, and the gap Gsb between the developer carrying member 41 and the regulating member 42 is 0.4 to 2 mm. is there.
【0130】現像を終了した現像剤は、現像剤担持部材
41の回転により現像容器40内に戻され、磁極N3と
N2間の反撥磁界により現像剤担持部材41上から現像
室40b内に落下して、回収される。回収された現像剤
は、前記したように攪拌部材43b,43cにより搬送
される。The developed developer is returned to the inside of the developing container 40 by the rotation of the developer carrying member 41, and falls from the developer carrying member 41 into the developing chamber 40b by the repulsive magnetic field between the magnetic poles N3 and N2. Be collected. The collected developer is conveyed by the stirring members 43b and 43c as described above.
【0131】本実施例の現像装置は二成分現像装置であ
るので、カラー化に有効であるが、コストがかかり、現
像剤が現像装置外部に飛散しやすく、画像形成装置内部
が汚れやすい。しかし、形成する画像の画質は良好に維
持され、本発明は、二成分現像装置やそれを用いた画像
形成装置においても有効である。Since the developing device of this embodiment is a two-component developing device, it is effective for colorization, but it is costly, the developer is easily scattered outside the developing device, and the inside of the image forming device is easily soiled. However, the quality of the image to be formed is maintained well, and the present invention is also effective in a two-component developing device and an image forming device using the same.
【0132】実施例10
本実施例では、実施例1と同様の現像剤担持部材41、
現像装置4を備え、感光体1の内部に加熱部材であるヒ
ータ12を備えない点が、実施例1と異なる画像形成装
置rについて説明する。Example 10 In this example, a developer carrying member 41 similar to that in Example 1,
An image forming apparatus r different from the first embodiment in that the developing device 4 is provided and the heater 12 as a heating member is not provided inside the photoconductor 1 will be described.
【0133】ヒータ12を備えない画像形成装置rで
は、画像流れが発生し、細線のレベルが低下し、表2、
4に示されるように、画像流れ解消のための保守頻度が
上昇することにより、維持コストも上昇することがわか
る。細線以外の画質、特にスリーブピッチムラ及び現像
縦筋等は良好に保たれた。In the image forming apparatus r not provided with the heater 12, image deletion occurs, the level of the fine line is lowered, and Table 2
As shown in FIG. 4, it is understood that the maintenance cost also rises as the maintenance frequency for eliminating the image deletion increases. Image quality other than fine lines, particularly sleeve pitch unevenness and development vertical streaks, were well maintained.
【0134】従って、本発明の画像形成装置において、
更に、感光体内に加熱部材を備えることによって、細線
レベルの低下を回避し、低コスト化が実現できることが
わかる。Therefore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention,
Furthermore, it can be seen that by providing the heating member in the photoconductor, it is possible to avoid a decrease in the level of the fine line and realize cost reduction.
【0135】実施例11
本実施例では、実施例1と同様の現像剤担持部材41、
現像装置4を備え、感光体1の感光層11が、実施例1
のアモルファスシリコン(a−Si)にかわって、OP
Cであり、感光体1上の画像部電位が−150V、非画
像部電位が−680V、現像バイアスの直流電圧が−4
80Vである以外は実施例1と同様の構成の画像形成装
置sについて説明する。Example 11 In this example, a developer carrying member 41 similar to that in Example 1,
The developing device 4 is provided, and the photosensitive layer 11 of the photoconductor 1 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
OP instead of amorphous silicon (a-Si)
C, the image portion potential on the photoconductor 1 is -150V, the non-image portion potential is -680V, and the developing bias DC voltage is -4.
An image forming apparatus s having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the voltage is 80V will be described.
【0136】すると、実施例1と比較して、感光層11
の磨耗速度が速く、感光体1の寿命は約10万枚程度で
あるため、表2、4に示されるように、維持コストも上
昇はやを得ない。スリーブピッチムラについては良好に
保たれた。Then, as compared with Example 1, the photosensitive layer 11
Since the abrasion speed is fast and the life of the photoconductor 1 is about 100,000 sheets, the maintenance cost does not increase as shown in Tables 2 and 4. The sleeve pitch unevenness was kept good.
【0137】従って、本発明の画像形成装置において、
更に、感光体1が有する感光層11をa−Siにするこ
とによって、低コストな画像形成装置が実現できた。Therefore, in the image forming apparatus of the present invention,
Further, by using a-Si for the photosensitive layer 11 of the photoconductor 1, a low cost image forming apparatus can be realized.
【0138】本発明において、現像剤担持部材411を
備えた、最も好適な構成である実施例1の現像装置4と
画像形成装置と、実施例1のこれらの構成を本発明の範
囲内において部分的に変えた実施例2〜12を比較する
と理解されるように、本発明の最も好適な構成である実
施例1に比べて、実施例1の構成を部分的に変更した実
施例2〜12の現像剤担持部材、現像装置、画像形成装
置は、画質の低下やコスト上昇が生じる。これらの基層
の表面粗さ、硬度、無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層の厚
さ、電気Crメッキ表層の厚さ、現像装置の構造、現像
剤の種類、静電潜像の種類、を実施例1のように調整す
ることによって、製造コストの上昇を抑制可能で、画質
の低下を防ぐことができる。In the present invention, the developing device 4 and the image forming apparatus of the first embodiment, which are the most preferable structures, provided with the developer carrying member 411, and these structures of the first embodiment are partially included in the scope of the present invention. As can be understood by comparing Examples 2 to 12 that are changed in a different manner, Examples 2 to 12 in which the configuration of Example 1 is partially changed as compared with Example 1 which is the most preferable configuration of the present invention. In the developer carrying member, the developing device, and the image forming apparatus, the image quality is deteriorated and the cost is increased. The surface roughness and hardness of these base layers, the thickness of the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer, the thickness of the electric Cr plated surface layer, the structure of the developing device, the type of developer, and the type of electrostatic latent image are shown in the examples. By adjusting as in 1, it is possible to suppress an increase in manufacturing cost and prevent deterioration of image quality.
【0139】以上、本発明の現像剤担持部材が、アルミ
ニウムを主体とする金属製の円筒状の基層、電気Crメ
ッキ表層、及びこれら二層の間に位置する無電解Ni−
Pメッキ中間層で構成され、電気Crメッキ表層は、有
機系の触媒を含有する電気Crメッキ液によって形成さ
れ、前記無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層に直接接合するこ
とが可能なので、本発明の現像剤担持部材、それを備え
た現像装置及び画像形成装置においては、高速度での画
像形成を長期間行っても磨耗及び剥離を生ずることな
く、高品位の画像を安定して提供可能であり、更に、基
層の表面粗さ、硬度、無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層の厚
さ、電気Crメッキ表層の厚さ、現像装置の構造、現像
剤の種類、静電潜像の種類、を調整することによって、
製造コストの上昇を抑制可能で、画質の低下を防ぐこと
ができる。As described above, the developer carrying member of the present invention comprises the metallic cylindrical base layer mainly composed of aluminum, the electric Cr plating surface layer, and the electroless Ni-positioned between these two layers.
The surface layer of the electric Cr plating, which is composed of the P plating intermediate layer, is formed by an electric Cr plating solution containing an organic catalyst and can be directly bonded to the electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer. In the developer carrying member, the developing device and the image forming apparatus including the same, it is possible to stably provide a high-quality image without causing abrasion and peeling even when performing high-speed image formation for a long time. Furthermore, the surface roughness and hardness of the base layer, the thickness of the electroless Ni-P plated intermediate layer, the thickness of the electric Cr plated surface layer, the structure of the developing device, the type of developer, and the type of electrostatic latent image are adjusted. By,
It is possible to suppress an increase in manufacturing cost and prevent deterioration of image quality.
【0140】[0140]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の現像剤担
持部材、現像装置、及び画像形成装置は、アルミニウム
を主体とする金属製の円筒状の基層、電気Crメッキ表
層、及びこれら二層の間に位置する無電解Ni−Pメッ
キ中間層を有し、電気Crメッキ表層表面に現像剤を担
持し搬送する現像剤担持部材で、電気Crメッキ表層
は、有機系の触媒を含有する電気Crメッキ液によって
形成され、無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層に直接接合させ
た現像剤担持部材を用いることによって、部材表面が改
善され、硬質メッキ層のメリットを十分に生かすことが
できるため、高速度での画像形成を長期間行っても磨耗
及び剥離を生ずることなく、高品位の画像を安定して提
供可能であり、且つ、基層の表面粗さ、硬度、無電解N
i−Pメッキ中間層の厚さ、電気Crメッキ表層の厚
さ、現像装置の構造、現像剤の種類、静電潜像の種類、
を調整することによって、製造コストの上昇を抑制可能
で、画像の低下を回避できる。As described above, the developer carrying member, the developing device, and the image forming apparatus of the present invention include a metallic cylindrical base layer mainly composed of aluminum, an electric Cr plating surface layer, and two layers thereof. Is a developer-carrying member having an electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer positioned between the electric Cr-plating surface layer and carrying a developer on the surface of the electric Cr-plating surface layer. The electric Cr-plating surface layer is an electric layer containing an organic catalyst. By using the developer carrying member formed by the Cr plating solution and directly bonded to the electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer, the surface of the member is improved, and the merit of the hard plating layer can be fully utilized. It is possible to stably provide a high-quality image without causing abrasion and peeling even if the image formation is performed at a high speed for a long time, and the surface roughness, hardness and electroless N of the base layer are provided.
i-P plating intermediate layer thickness, electric Cr plating surface layer thickness, developing device structure, developer type, electrostatic latent image type,
By adjusting, it is possible to suppress an increase in manufacturing cost and avoid deterioration of the image.
【図1】本発明の現像剤担持部材を示す部分断面図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a developer carrying member of the present invention.
【図2】本発明の現像装置の一例を示す概略構成図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a developing device of the present invention.
【図3】本発明の画像形成装置の一例を示す概略構成図
である。FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an image forming apparatus of the present invention.
【図4】現像剤担持部材に用いられる粗面化された基層
表面の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a roughened surface of a base layer used for a developer carrying member.
【図5】現像剤担持部材に用いられる基層上に硬質メッ
キ層を設けた場合の説明図である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a case where a hard plating layer is provided on a base layer used for a developer carrying member.
【図6】現像剤担持部材に用いられる基層上に無電界メ
ッキ中間層を設けた場合の説明図である。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a case where an electroless plating intermediate layer is provided on a base layer used for a developer carrying member.
【図7】現像剤担持部材に用いられる基層上に無電界メ
ッキ中間層と硬質メッキ層を設けた場合の説明図であ
る。FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram in the case where an electroless plating intermediate layer and a hard plating layer are provided on a base layer used for a developer carrying member.
【図8】現像剤担持部材表面の平均傾斜Δaの説明図で
ある。FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an average inclination Δa of the surface of the developer carrying member.
【図9】現像剤担持部材表面の平均傾斜Δaの説明図で
ある。FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an average inclination Δa of the surface of the developer carrying member.
【図10】本発明に係る現像装置の他の例を示す概略構
成図である。FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of the developing device according to the present invention.
【図11】本発明に係る現像装置の他の例を示す概略構
成図である。FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of the developing device according to the present invention.
【図12】本発明に係る現像装置の他の例を示す縦断面
図である。FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another example of the developing device according to the present invention.
【図13】従来の現像剤担持部材の一例を示す部分断面
図である。FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional developer carrying member.
1 感光体(潜像担持体) 4 現像装置 11 感光層 12 ドラムヒータ(加熱部材) 40 現像容器 41 現像剤担持部材 41a 基層 41b 無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層 41c 電気Crメッキ表層 41d Ni接着層 42 規制部材 43 攪拌部材 1 Photoconductor (latent image carrier) 4 Developing device 11 Photosensitive layer 12 Drum heater (heating member) 40 developer container 41 developer carrying member 41a Base layer 41b Electroless Ni-P plating intermediate layer 41c Electric Cr plating surface layer 41d Ni adhesive layer 42 Control member 43 Stirrer
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI テーマコート゛(参考) G03G 9/083 G03G 15/08 507Z 9/097 9/08 101 351 (72)発明者 小林 俊也 東京都大田区下丸子3丁目30番2号 キヤ ノン株式会社内 Fターム(参考) 2H005 AA02 DA03 EA05 FA06 2H068 DA00 FA15 FA16 FC08 2H077 AD06 DB14 EA13 FA01 FA14 FA16 GA03 3J103 AA02 AA72 AA85 BA02 BA41 EA06 FA09 FA12 GA02 GA57 GA58 GA60 HA04 HA05 HA37 HA55 HA60 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI theme code (reference) G03G 9/083 G03G 15/08 507Z 9/097 9/08 101 351 (72) Inventor Toshiya Kobayashi Ota, Tokyo 3-30-2 Maruko Shimoshita Canon Inc. F-term (reference) 2H005 AA02 DA03 EA05 FA06 2H068 DA00 FA15 FA16 FC08 2H077 AD06 DB14 EA13 FA01 FA14 FA16 GA03 3J103 AA02 AA72 AA85 BA02 BA41 EA06 FA09 FA12 GA04 GA57 GA57 GA57 GA58 GA58 GA58 HA05 HA37 HA55 HA60
Claims (12)
属製の円筒状の基層、電気Crメッキ表層、及びこれら
二層の間に位置する無電解Ni−Pメッキ中間層を有
し、前記電気Crメッキ表層表面に現像剤を担持し搬送
する現像剤担持部材において、 前記電気Crメッキ表層は、有機系の触媒を含有した電
気Crメッキ液を用いて形成され、前記無電解Ni−P
メッキ中間層に直接接合していることを特徴とする現像
剤担持部材。1. A metal-made cylindrical base layer composed mainly of aluminum, an electric Cr plating surface layer, and an electroless Ni—P plating intermediate layer located between these two layers. In the developer carrying member carrying and carrying the developer on the surface of the surface layer, the electric Cr plating surface layer is formed by using an electric Cr plating solution containing an organic catalyst, and the electroless Ni-P is formed.
A developer carrying member, which is directly bonded to a plating intermediate layer.
zは1〜8μmであるか、又は、中心線平均表面粗さR
aは0.1〜1.2μmであることを特徴とする請求項
1の現像剤担持部材。2. The ten-point average surface roughness R in the base layer
z is 1 to 8 μm, or the center line average surface roughness R
2. The developer carrying member according to claim 1, wherein a is 0.1 to 1.2 μm.
あることを特徴とする請求項1、又は2の現像剤担持部
材。3. The developer carrying member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hardness of the base layer is 40 to 180 Hv.
は、3〜30μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3
のいずれかの項に記載の現像剤担持部材。4. The thickness of the electroless Ni—P plating intermediate layer is 3 to 30 μm.
The developer carrying member according to any one of 1.
2〜5μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいず
れかの項に記載の現像剤担持部材。5. The thickness of the surface layer of the electric Cr plating is 0.
It is 2-5 micrometers, The developer carrying member in any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.
無電解Ni−P層より薄いことを特徴とする請求項1〜
5のいずれかの項に記載の現像剤担持部材。6. The thickness of the surface layer of the electric Cr plating is thinner than that of the electroless Ni—P layer.
5. The developer carrying member according to any one of item 5.
つ現像剤を担持し搬送する現像剤担持部材と、を有し、
該現像剤担持部材が表面に静電潜像が形成される静電潜
像担持体に対向して配置され、現像剤にて前記静電潜像
を現像する現像装置において、 前記現像剤担持部材は、請求項1〜6のいずれかの項に
記載の現像剤担持部材であることを特徴とする現像装
置。7. A developer container for containing a developer, and a developer carrying member for carrying and carrying the developer while rotating,
A developing device in which the developer carrying member is arranged to face an electrostatic latent image carrier on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, and which develops the electrostatic latent image with a developer, wherein the developer carrying member Is a developer carrying member according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
発生手段を有することを特徴とする請求項7の現像装
置。8. The developing device according to claim 7, wherein the developer carrying member has a magnetic field generating means inside thereof.
持体と、現像剤を収容し、現像剤にて前記静電潜像を現
像する現像装置と、を有する画像形成装置において、 前記現像装置は、請求項7又は8の現像装置であること
を特徴とする画像形成装置。9. An image forming apparatus comprising: an electrostatic latent image carrier on the surface of which an electrostatic latent image is formed; and a developing device which contains a developer and develops the electrostatic latent image with the developer. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the developing device is the developing device according to claim 7.
ーを含む現像剤にて前記静電潜像を現像することを特徴
とする請求項9の画像形成装置。10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the electrostatic latent image is developed with a developer containing a magnetic toner having a weight average particle diameter of 4 to 10 μm.
を特徴とする請求項10の画像形成装置。11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the magnetic toner has a positive charging property.
材と、アモルファスシリコンを含む感光層と、を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項9〜11のいずれかの項に記載
の画像形成装置。12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the electrostatic latent image carrier has a heating member therein and a photosensitive layer containing amorphous silicon. apparatus.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001264839A JP2003076132A (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | Developer carrying member, developing device and image forming device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001264839A JP2003076132A (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | Developer carrying member, developing device and image forming device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2003076132A true JP2003076132A (en) | 2003-03-14 |
Family
ID=19091380
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001264839A Pending JP2003076132A (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | Developer carrying member, developing device and image forming device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2003076132A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007010715A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-18 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Toner for electrostatic latent image development and image forming method |
JP2012155109A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-16 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Developing device and image forming apparatus equipped with the same |
JP2012154991A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-16 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Developing device and image forming apparatus |
-
2001
- 2001-08-31 JP JP2001264839A patent/JP2003076132A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007010715A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-18 | Kyocera Mita Corp | Toner for electrostatic latent image development and image forming method |
JP4579779B2 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2010-11-10 | 京セラミタ株式会社 | Image forming method |
JP2012154991A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-16 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Developing device and image forming apparatus |
JP2012155109A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-16 | Kyocera Document Solutions Inc | Developing device and image forming apparatus equipped with the same |
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