JP2003059642A - Organic electroluminescence element and illumination device, display device and mobile terminal using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic electroluminescence element in which a medium having a refractive index of light that is effective in improving the efficiency is selected as a material of the substrate and which can maintain the emission of high efficiency by applying a measure suitable for the substrate material, and an illumination device, a display device and a mobile terminal using the same. SOLUTION: The organic electroluminescence element comprises at least a positive electrode for injecting holes, a luminous layer having luminous region, and a negative electrode for injecting electrons on the substrate, and comprises a light-angle changing means on the opposite face of the element face of the substrate, and the refractive index of the substrate is made 1.2 or more.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to various display devices, light sources or backlights of display devices, or organic electroluminescence elements used for light-emitting elements used in optical communication equipment, and illuminating devices using the same. The present invention relates to a display device and a mobile terminal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electroluminescence element is a light emitting device utilizing the electroluminescence of a solid fluorescent substance. At present, an inorganic electroluminescence element using an inorganic material as a light emitter has been put into practical use, and it is used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display. Some applications are being developed for flat displays and the like. However, the voltage required to emit light from an inorganic electroluminescent device is 100V.
Since it is high as described above and it is difficult to emit blue light, it is difficult to realize full color by the three primary colors of RGB.

On the other hand, research on electroluminescent elements using organic materials has been attracting attention for a long time and various studies have been made, but since the luminous efficiency is very poor, it has not progressed to full-scale practical research. It was

However, in 1987, Kodak C.I.
W. Tang et al. Proposed an organic electroluminescence device having a function-separated laminated structure in which an organic material is divided into two layers, a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer, and 1000 cd / m ² or more despite a low voltage of 10 V or less. It was revealed that a high emission luminance of [C. W. Tan
g and S. A. Vanslyke: Appl. P
hys. Lett, 51 (1987) 913, etc.].
Since then, the organic electroluminescence device has been suddenly attracting attention, and even now, much research is being conducted on the organic electroluminescence device having a similar function-separated laminated structure.

Here, the structure of a conventional general organic electroluminescence device will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional organic electroluminescence device.

In FIG. 8, 1 is a glass substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole transport layer, 4 is a light emitting layer, and 5 is a cathode.

As shown in FIG. 8, the organic electroluminescence element has an anode 2 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO formed on a glass substrate by a sputtering method, a resistance heating vapor deposition method or the like, and an anode 2 on the anode 2. N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'- formed by a resistance heating vapor deposition method or the like
Bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-
A hole transport layer 3 made of 4,4′-diamine (hereinafter abbreviated as TPD) and the like, and 8-Hydroxyquinol formed on the hole transport layer 3 by a resistance heating vapor deposition method or the like.
A light emitting layer 4 made of in Aluminum (hereinafter abbreviated as Alq ₃ ) or the like, and a cathode 5 made of a metal film having a film thickness of 100 nm to 300 nm formed on the light emitting layer 4 by a resistance heating vapor deposition method or the like. ing.

When a DC voltage or a DC current is applied with the anode 2 of the organic electroluminescence device having the above structure as a positive electrode and the cathode 5 as a negative electrode, a voltage is applied from the anode 2 to the light emitting layer 4 via the hole transport layer 3. Holes are injected and electrons are injected from the cathode 5 into the light emitting layer 4. Light emitting layer 4
In this case, recombination of holes and electrons occurs, and a luminescence phenomenon occurs when the excitons generated accompanying this transition from the excited state to the ground state.

[0010]

In such an organic electroluminescence device, the light emitted from the phosphor in the light emitting layer is usually emitted in all directions centering around the phosphor, and the hole transport layer, Via the anode and glass substrate,
Alternatively, the light once goes in the direction opposite to the light extraction direction, is reflected by the cathode, and is emitted into the air via the light emitting layer, the hole transport layer, the anode, and the glass substrate. However, when light passes through the boundary surface of each medium and the refractive index of the medium on the incident side is larger than the refractive index on the emitting side, the angle at which the refracted wave exits is 90, that is, the critical angle. Light incident at large angles cannot pass through the interface and is totally reflected and the light is not extracted into the air.

Here, the relationship between the refraction angle of light and the refractive index of the medium at the interface between different media follows Snell's law. According to Snell's law, when light travels from a medium having a refractive index n _{1 to} a medium having a refractive index n ₂ , the incident angle θ ₁ and the refraction angle θ
_{Between the two,} the relationship of n ₁ sin θ ₁ = n ₂ sin θ ₂ is established. Therefore, if n ₁ > n ₂ holds, θ ₂ = 9
The incident angle θ ₁ = sin ⁻¹ (n ₂ / n ₁ ) at 0 ° is well known as the critical angle, and when the incident angle is larger than this, light is totally reflected at the interface between the media. The Rukoto.

Therefore, in the organic electroluminescence device that isotropically emits light, the light emitted at an angle larger than the critical angle repeats total reflection at the boundary surface and is confined inside the device to be trapped in the air. Is no longer emitted.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a typical light beam path in a cross section of a main part of a conventional organic electroluminescent element. In FIG. 9, the same parts as those described in FIG. 8 are designated by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 9, the light emitted from the light emitting layer 4 is generated by the interface between the anode 2 and the glass substrate 1 (ITO / glass interface) and the interface between the glass substrate 1 and air (glass / glass). It is totally reflected at each boundary surface such as the air interface).

This means that the light emitted in the light emitting layer is not emitted to the outside of the device, which causes a reduction in apparent efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device. In general,
It is known that most of the emitted light obtained in the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescence device is confined inside the device by total reflection and is used as effective emitted light in about 17% to 20%. [Advance
d Material 6 (1994) 491 etc.].

Therefore, it has been proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing means for converting the emission angle of light on the substrate of the organic electroluminescence element.

For example, Japanese Patent No. 2737720 discloses that
An invention has been made that improves the light extraction efficiency by forming a lens structure on the light extraction side of a substrate.

Further, Japanese Patent No. 2991183 discloses an invention which improves the light extraction efficiency by forming a diffraction grating or the like at a position where total reflection at the device interface is suppressed, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-129375 discloses An invention has been made that improves the light extraction efficiency by causing the light extraction side surface to have irregular reflection surfaces or irregularities in reflection / refraction angles.

Further, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-189251, a means for converting the light emission angle is formed in a transparent substrate, or in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-308286, light is reflected on the side surface of a lower electrode. The invention has been made to improve the light extraction efficiency by forming a layer. As described above, in any of the above-described inventions, an invention for improving the extraction efficiency is made.

However, in any of the above-mentioned measures, the light extraction efficiency is improved by converting the angle of the light by reflecting / refracting or diffracting / scattering the light. No conversion is considered.

Further, in Japanese Patent No. 2846571, consideration is given to the medium of the substrate, the optical path length to the light extraction surface is designed, and the light interference effect is utilized to improve the light extraction efficiency and improve the color purity. Inventions relating to improvement have been made. However, in the above-mentioned invention, no positive measures such as angle conversion of light are taken, and the light emission efficiency itself changes depending on the film thickness of the organic layer. Since the resulting film thickness does not always match, no efficient light extraction measure has been taken.

In view of the above problems, the present invention selects a medium having a refractive index of light which is effective for improving the extraction efficiency as a substrate material, and implements a measure suitable for the substrate material to achieve high efficiency. An organic electroluminescent element capable of maintaining light emitting performance, a lighting device using the same,
An object is to provide a display device and a mobile terminal.

[0023]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention has an anode on which at least holes are injected, a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting region, and electrons on a substrate. Is provided, a light angle converting means is provided on the surface of the substrate facing the element formation surface, and the refractive index of the substrate is 1.2 or more.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention according to claim 1 is an organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons. An organic electroluminescence element, characterized in that the surface of the substrate facing the element formation surface is provided with light angle conversion means, and the refractive index of the substrate is 1.2 or more. Since the loss can be reduced, it is possible to maintain a highly efficient light emitting performance with excellent visibility.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons. An organic electroluminescent device characterized in that the surface of the device opposite to the device formation surface is provided with a light angle conversion means, and the refractive index of the substrate is 1.4 or more, and light loss inside the device is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to maintain highly efficient light emitting performance with excellent visibility.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons. An organic electroluminescence device, characterized in that the surface of the device is provided with a light angle conversion means on the surface facing the device formation surface, and the refractive index of the substrate is 1.7 or more, and light loss inside the device is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to maintain highly efficient light emitting performance with excellent visibility.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device, comprising an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons on a substrate. Is provided with a light angle conversion means on the surface facing the element formation surface, and the light angle conversion means is an organic electroluminescence element characterized by having a higher refractive index than that of the substrate. Since it can be reduced, it is possible to maintain the light emission performance with excellent visibility and high efficiency.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons. An organic electroluminescence device characterized by comprising a device for forming an angle and a device for converting light angle on a face opposed to the device formation surface, since the light loss inside the device can be reduced, It is possible to maintain excellent and highly efficient light emission performance.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons. The organic electroluminescence device is characterized in that the device forming surface of the device is provided with a light angle converting means, and the refractive index of the substrate is 1.7 or less, and it is possible to reduce the light loss inside the device. Further, it is possible to maintain high visibility and excellent luminous efficiency.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons. An organic electroluminescence device characterized in that a device for forming an angle of light is provided on the device formation surface of the device, and the refractive index of the substrate is set to 1.5 or less, since light loss inside the device can be reduced. Further, it is possible to maintain high visibility and excellent luminous efficiency.

The invention according to claim 8 is the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the angle conversion means for one light is a scattering surface formed of minute irregularities formed on the surface. The light angle converting means, which is an element, does not require a strict angle design, the light angle converting means can be formed by a simple forming means, and highly efficient light emitting performance can be maintained.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the first to seventh aspects, the light angle converting means is formed of a surface that is non-parallel to the light extraction surface formed on the surface. In the organic electroluminescence element which is used, a variety of angles can be designed by using a surface that is not parallel to the substrate surface, and thus a more suitable design is possible.

The invention according to a tenth aspect is the first to seventh aspects.
In the above, the light angle conversion means is an organic electroluminescence element characterized by comprising a microlens array formed on the surface, and since there are many options for the lens width and the radius of curvature, a more suitable design is possible. is there.

The invention described in claim 11 is the invention according to claims 1 to 7.
In the above, the light angle conversion means is an organic electroluminescence element characterized by comprising a micro prism array formed on a surface, and since the same effect as a non-parallel surface can be obtained without increasing the height. A more suitable design is possible.

The invention described in claim 12 is the invention according to claims 8 to 1.
1 is an organic electroluminescence element characterized in that the light angle conversion means is formed on the surface of the substrate, and the formation interface is a surface (air / substrate interface) facing the element formation surface of the substrate. If so, the surface can be processed after the organic electroluminescence element is formed, and the creation process can be simplified. If the formation interface is the element formation surface of the substrate (substrate / anode interface), a microlens or the like as a light angle conversion means can be used. It is never exposed.

The invention according to claim 13 is the invention according to claims 8 to 1.
1 is an organic electroluminescence element characterized in that the light angle conversion means is formed inside the substrate, and the formation interface is a surface (air / substrate interface) facing the element formation surface of the substrate. If so, the surface can be processed after the organic electroluminescence element is formed, the manufacturing process is simple, and the substrate surface is free from irregularities and the abrasion resistance of the light angle conversion means is improved. Further, if the formation interface is the element formation surface of the substrate (substrate / anode interface), the microlenses or the like as the light angle conversion means are not exposed, and the anode or the like is formed on a uniform surface. It becomes possible.

The invention described in claim 14 relates to claims 8 to 1.
In No. 1, the light angle conversion means is an organic electroluminescence element characterized by being made of a transparent resist, which is easy to process and inexpensive.

The invention described in claim 15 relates to claims 8 to 1.
1 is an organic electroluminescence device characterized in that the light angle conversion means is made of titanium oxide, and can be formed by a simple method such as vapor deposition, which can increase the difference in refractive index from other materials. Is possible.

The invention according to claim 16 is the invention according to claims 1 to 1.
In 5, the electrode facing the electrode contacting the substrate is
An organic electroluminescence device characterized by having a light reflectance of 50% or more in a visible light region, capable of effective light extraction, a cathode material, a film thickness,
It is possible to expand the selectivity such as the forming method.

The invention described in claim 17 is the invention according to claims 1 to 1.
6. An organic electroluminescent lighting device according to 6, wherein the anode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape and the cathode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape to have an image display arrangement. Since the light loss inside the element can be reduced, highly efficient light emission performance can be maintained, and good illumination can be performed by the simple matrix method.

The invention according to claim 18 is the invention according to claims 1 to 1.
6, either an anode or a cathode is electrically separated for each pixel, and the separated electrodes are scanned through at least one or more switching elements, thereby forming an image. An organic electroluminescent lighting device characterized by having a display array, capable of reducing light loss inside the element, maintaining high-efficiency light-emitting performance, and good in an active matrix system. Lighting can be performed.

The invention according to claim 19 is the invention according to claims 1 to 1.
6. The organic electroluminescence display device according to 6, wherein the anode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape and the cathode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape, and has an image display arrangement. Since light loss inside the element can be reduced, highly efficient light emitting performance can be maintained, and good display can be performed by the simple matrix method.

The invention described in claim 20 is according to claims 1 to 1.
6, either an anode or a cathode is electrically separated for each pixel, and the separated electrodes are scanned through at least one or more switching elements, thereby forming an image. An organic electroluminescence display device characterized by having a display array, capable of reducing light loss inside the element, maintaining high efficiency light emission performance, and good in an active matrix system. Various displays can be performed.

According to the twenty-first aspect of the present invention, a voice signal converting means for converting a voice into a voice signal, an operating means for inputting a telephone number or the like, a display means for displaying an incoming call display or a telephone number, and a voice signal. A mobile terminal comprising: a communication unit for converting a transmission signal into a transmission signal; a reception unit for converting a reception signal into an audio signal; an antenna for transmitting and receiving a transmission signal and a reception signal; and a control unit for controlling each unit, which is a display unit. Is claim 19,
20. A mobile terminal comprising the display device according to any one of 20. Since a light loss inside the element can be reduced, a highly efficient light emission performance can be maintained, and a battery can be provided. By reducing the capacity and the like, it is possible to reduce the weight or lengthen the usage time.

The organic electroluminescent element of the present invention will be described in detail below.

First, as described above, the relationship between the refraction angle of light and the refractive index of the medium at the boundary surface of different media follows Snell's law, and in an organic electroluminescence device that isotropically emits light, Light emitted at an angle larger than the critical angle repeats total reflection at the boundary surface, is confined inside the element, and is not emitted into the air. Since the path of light is determined by the refractive index of the medium forming the path, it is important to take measures for improving the light extraction efficiency in consideration of the refractive index of the medium. In addition, the transparent substrate is sufficiently thick as compared with layers such as an organic material layer and a transparent electrode, and that the refractive index of the commonly used organic material layer and the transparent electrode is in a relationship that does not cause total reflection, further, It is very important to consider the refractive index of this transparent substrate and to consider the relaxation of the total reflection, because the luminous efficiency is not affected even if the thickness of the substrate is changed.

Here, FIG. 1 is a conceptual view for explaining the layer structure of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a substrate, ITO as an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode are sequentially laminated. Further, A indicates the interface between air and the substrate, and B indicates the interface between the substrate and ITO.

Based on the layer structure of the organic electroluminescence device shown in FIG. 1, when the interface A is provided with the light angle converting means, when the interface B is provided with the light angle converting means, the interfaces A and B are formed. An optical simulation was conducted on the extraction efficiency of light from the light-emitting layer when the refractive index of the substrate was changed in the case where the light angle converting means was provided on both interfaces and when the light angle converting means was not provided.

The result of this optical simulation is shown in FIG.
3 shows. 2 and 3 are graphs showing the results of the optical simulation, and FIG. 2 shows the case where the refractive index of ITO is changed (n _ITO = 1.5, n _ITO = 2.0, n _ITO =
2.5, at this time the thickness of _ITO d _ITO = 150 nm),
FIG. 3 shows the result when the thickness of ITO is changed (d _ITO =
50 nm, is _{d ITO = 150nm, d ITO =} 400nm, refractive index n _{IT O} = 2.0 at this time ITO).

Here, each curve in FIG.
-2.5 and its conditions will be described.

-1.5: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface A, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 1.5.

-2.0: The angle A of light is provided on the interface A, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.0.

-2.5: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface A, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.5.

-1.5: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface B, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 1.5.

-2.0: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface B, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.0.

-2.5: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface B, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.5.

-1.5: Light angle converting means is provided on both interfaces A and B, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 1.5.

-2.0: A light angle converting means is provided on both interfaces A and B, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.0.

-2.5: Light angle converting means is provided on both interfaces A and B, and the refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.5.

-1.5: The refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 1.5 without providing a light angle conversion means.

-2.0: The refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.0 without providing a light angle converting means.

-2.5: The refractive index of _ITO is n _ITO = 2.5 without providing a light angle converting means.

Similarly, each curve in FIG.
-400 and its conditions will be described.

-50: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface A, and the film thickness of ITO is d _ITO = 50 nm.

-150: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface A, and the film thickness of ITO is d _ITO = 150 nm.

-400: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface A, and the film thickness of ITO is d _ITO = 400 nm.

-50: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface B, and the film thickness of ITO is d _ITO = 50 nm.

-150: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface B, and the film thickness of ITO is d _ITO = 150 nm.

-400: A light angle converting means is provided on the interface B, and the film thickness of ITO is d _ITO = 400 nm.

-50: Angle of light on both interfaces A and B
Degree conversion means is provided, and ITO film thickness d _ITO= 50 nm
It

-150: An angle converting means for light is provided on both interfaces A and B, and the film thickness of _ITO d _ITO = 150 nm
Is.

-400: A light angle converting means is provided on both interfaces A and B, and the film thickness of _ITO d _ITO = 400 nm
Is.

-50: Without providing a light angle converting means,
The ITO film thickness d _ITO = 50 nm.

-150: The film thickness of _{ITO is} ITO without the angle converting means of light d _ITO = 150 nm.

-400: The film thickness of ITO is d _ITO = 400 nm without providing a light angle converting means.

Here, the conditions of the optical simulation will be specifically described.

The refractive index of each layer is as follows: light emitting layer = 1.7, ITO
= 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, substrate = 1.0 to 3.0, and air = 1.0.

The film thickness of each layer is as follows: light emitting layer = 150 n
m, ITO = 50 nm, 150 nm, 400 nm, substrate = 1 mm.

The light from the light emitting layer is assumed to be totally reflected at the interface between the light emitting layer and the cathode, and only absorption in the light emitting layer, ITO and the substrate is considered. That is, the cathode has a reflectance of 100%, and the light emitting layer, the ITO, and the substrate have a transmittance of 80%, 97%, and 97%, respectively.

Further, the light angle converting means is composed of the respective interfaces A and B.
In (1), it is a means for advancing the angle of reflection and refraction of light incident on the interface in a direction different from the direction determined by Snell's law. Here for simplicity,
A so-called Lambertian scattering surface on which light randomly proceeds in the complete diffusion direction is used as a light angle conversion means.

Then, in FIG. 2, -1.5, 2.
0,2.5 or -50,150,4 in FIG.
As is clear from the result indicated by 00, when the light angle converting means is not formed, the light extraction efficiency does not change even if the refractive index of the substrate changes. This is a well-known situation, and when the angle conversion of light is not performed, the extraction efficiency of light into air is uniquely determined by the refractive index of the organic substance.

On the other hand, -1.5 in FIG.
2.0, 2.5, or -50, 15 in FIG.
As indicated by 0,400, when the light angle conversion means is formed on the interface A (air / substrate interface), the light extraction efficiency increases as the refractive index of the substrate increases. This is because the total refractive index at the interface B (substrate / ITO interface) is reduced by increasing the refractive index of the substrate, and the total angle at the interface A (air / substrate interface) is changed due to the angle conversion of light. It is considered that the reflection is alleviated. From this fact, similarly, it is also possible to form a light guide surface made of a medium having a higher refractive index than the substrate on the surface of the substrate that is in contact with air, and form a light angle conversion means at the air / light guide surface interface. It is also possible to effectively improve the light extraction efficiency.

Further, in FIG. 2, -1.5, 2.0,
2.5 or -50, 150, 400 in FIG.
As shown in, when the light angle conversion means is formed at the interface B (substrate / ITO interface), the light extraction efficiency increases as the refractive index of the substrate decreases. This is because the total angle of reflection at the interface B (substrate / ITO interface) is relaxed by the angle conversion of light, and the total refractive index at the interface A (air / substrate interface) is reduced due to the small refractive index of the substrate. Is believed to be alleviated.

Then, -1.5, 2.
0,2.5 or -50,150,4 in FIG.
As shown by 00, when the light angle conversion means is formed at the interface A (air / substrate interface) and the interface B (substrate / ITO interface), the light extraction efficiency is uniform regardless of the refractive index of the substrate. growing. This is because the light angle conversion means alleviates the total reflection at both interfaces A and B. At this time, the light extraction efficiency does not depend on the refractive index of the substrate. However, when it is necessary to suppress light bleeding, it is preferable to use a high refractive index substrate.

From the above, when the light angle converting means is formed on the interface A (air / substrate interface), the light is converted on the interface B (substrate / ITO interface) as compared with the case where the light angle converting means is not formed. In the case of forming the angle converting means, in any case of forming the light angle converting means at the interface A (air / substrate interface) and the interface B (substrate / ITO interface), improving the light extraction efficiency. Is possible.

Further, the angle of light is applied to the interface A (air / substrate interface).
When the degree converting means is formed, the refractive index of the substrate is 1.2 or more.
If it is above, compared to the case where the light angle conversion means is not formed
It is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency.
If it is 1.4 or more, the interface A (air / substrate interface) and
Forming light angle conversion means on interface B (substrate / ITO interface)
It is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency more than when
Becomes Here, in practice, the refractive index of the organic substance that is the light emitting layer
Is about 1.7, and the refractive index of ITO as an anode is n. _ITO=
Since it is about 1.8 to 2.1, the interface A (air / substrate interface
The angle of light conversion means is formed on the
By setting it to 1.7 or more, the light extraction effect of more than 30%
The rate can be achieved.

Further, when the light angle converting means is formed at the interface B (substrate / ITO interface), there is a difference depending on the refractive index of ITO, but the refractive index of the substrate is at least 1.5.
With the following, it is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency as compared with the case where the light angle conversion means is not formed. Further, if it is 1.1 or less, it is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency as compared with the case where the light angle conversion means is formed at the interface A (air / substrate interface) and the interface B (substrate / ITO interface). Become. However, since the low refractive index material is limited, it is preferable to increase the refractive index of ITO and select the refractive index of the substrate so as to improve the light extraction efficiency.
Further, in practice, the refractive index of the organic material that is the light emitting layer is 1.7.
The refractive index of ITO as an anode is n _ITO = 1.8 to
Since it is about 2.1, the angle of light conversion means is formed on the interface B (substrate / ITO interface) so that the refractive index of the substrate is 1.7 or less, so that the light extraction efficiency exceeding 20% is achieved. Can be achieved.

Next, the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is constructed.

First, the substrate will be described. A transparent or semi-transparent substrate can be used as the substrate of the organic electroluminescence element.

In the present invention, the definition of transparent or semi-transparent means the degree of transparency that does not hinder the visual recognition of light emission by the organic electroluminescence element.

As the substrate material, transparent or translucent soda lime glass, barium-strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, quartz glass, or other inorganic oxide glass, inorganic Inorganic glass, such as fluoride glass,
Alternatively, transparent or translucent polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate,
Polymer films such as polyether sulfone, polyvinyl fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylate, amorphous polyolefin, and fluororesin, or transparent or translucent As ₂ S ₃ , As ₄₀ S ₁₀ , S ₄₀
Chalcogenoid glass such as Ge ₁₀ , ZnO, Nb ₂ O ₅ ,
Materials such as metal oxides and nitrides such as Ta ₂ O ₅ , SiO, Si ₃ N ₄ , HfO ₂ , and TiO ₂ can be appropriately selected and used, and a laminated substrate in which a plurality of substrate materials are laminated is used. You can also Further, a circuit composed of a resistor, a conductor, an inductor, etc. for driving the organic electroluminescence element may be formed on the surface of the substrate or inside the substrate.

Among these substrate materials, examples of the high refractive index material include fluoride glass such as BaF or high refractive index resin. For example, LaSF has a refractive index of 1.
8, BaSF has a refractive index of 1.7, and BaF has a refractive index of 1.
6. Polycarbonate has a refractive index of 1.6, and acrylic has a refractive index of 1.5. Among these, polycarbonate and acrylic are preferable because they are easy to process and are inexpensive.

Examples of the low-refractive index material include fluoride glass such as Ti, or a low-refractive index base material containing minute bubbles of a wavelength or less. For example, TiF has a refractive index of 1.4.
5, TiK has a refractive index of 1.44, FK has a refractive index of 1.4.
3, SiO ₂ containing micro bubbles has a refractive index of 1.2,
Among these, TiF, TiK and the like are preferable because the material is stable.

In addition, with the light angle conversion means, incident light propagates on the boundary surface composed of two different media,
When entering the boundary surface again, it is a measure that the light is incident at different incident angles by way of the light angle conversion means.
A surface and a structure that are not parallel to any of the surfaces forming the substrate.

Specifically, the non-parallel surface of the substrate can be mentioned.
This is a surface that is not parallel or perpendicular to the element formation surface in a substrate having a shape different from what is called a flat plate, such as a triangular prism, a cylinder, or a composite body of them, for example.

Further, specific examples of the light angle converting means include a curved surface of the substrate, irregularities on the surface of the substrate, a minute lens, a minute prism, a minute mirror structure, and an assembly thereof.

These light angle converting means are formed on any of the above-mentioned air / substrate interface and / or substrate / anode (for example, ITO) interface in the laminated structure of the organic electroluminescence element. However, it is preferable that the substrate itself is processed and formed in consideration of the element manufacturing process.

The light angle converting means is the surface of the substrate,
Alternatively, it can be formed inside the substrate.

When the light angle converting means is formed on the surface of the substrate, the surface of the substrate is polished to form irregularities, or
A minute lens or the like is bonded to the surface of the substrate. In the case of forming the light angle converting means on the surface of the substrate as described above, if the formation interface is the air / substrate interface, the surface may be processed after the organic electroluminescence element is formed, and the preparation process is simplified. If is the substrate / anode interface, the minute lens or the like as the means for converting the angle of light will not be exposed.

When the light angle converting means is formed inside the substrate, the light angle converting means can be formed by incorporating irregularities or minute lenses in the substrate. In the case of forming the light angle conversion means inside the substrate as described above, if the formation interface is the air / substrate interface, the surface may be processed after the organic electroluminescence element is formed, and the production process is simplified. The unevenness and the like on the substrate surface are eliminated, and the abrasion resistance of the light angle conversion means is improved. Further, when the formation interface is the substrate / anode interface, the microlenses or the like as the light angle conversion means are not exposed, and the anode or the like can be formed on a uniform surface.

The material of the light angle converting means is a material which is transparent to light, the materials mentioned above as the transparent substrate material, or a transparent light angle converting means formed by combining them, or formed into a sheet shape. The light angle conversion sheet and the adhesive transparent resin may be appropriately selected from the composite means and used. Further, as the light-reflecting material, Al (aluminum), Ag, which utilizes metal reflection,
(Silver), Au (gold), Pt (platinum), Cu (copper), Li
(Lithium), Cr (chrome), Ti (titanium), Fe
(Iron), Ge (germanium), In (indium),
One or more of Mg (magnesium), Ba (barium), Ni (nickel), Si (silicon), Sn (tin), W (tungsten), Zn (zinc), Mo (molybdenum), Ta (tantalum), etc. Metal reflection material that uses metal reflection such as metal or alloy or a laminate formed by laminating these films, or light reflection of conductive resin formed by dispersing conductive fine particles such as at least the metal powder in resin The resin or the like described above, or a resin using white reflection of a white resin formed by dispersing a white pigment or the like in the conductive resin, or the like can be appropriately selected and used.

Further, it is particularly preferable that the light angle converting means is made of a transparent material having a large difference in refractive index from the material forming the interface and easy to mold, such as a transparent resist or titanium oxide. It is preferable to form the light angle conversion means by using the above.

The transparent resist has a high transmittance for visible light and can be used as a light angle conversion means by being cured by heat or ultraviolet rays. Therefore, it is very easy to mold and a slight light angle conversion is possible. It is particularly effective when forming means.

Further, since titanium oxide has a high transmittance for visible light and an extremely high refractive index, it is effective as a means for converting the angle of light, and is more preferable when it is formed on a high refractive index substrate.

At least one of the front and back of the substrate
On the other hand, ie air / substrate interface and / or substrate / anode
A light angle converting means is provided at the interface (for example, ITO),
Instead of using high and low refractive index materials for the substrate,
The light angle conversion means itself is made of high-refractive index material or low-refractive index material
Aim to increase the light extraction efficiency by using a fee
It is also possible to use a high-refractive index material for the angle conversion means of light.
Fluoride glass such as BaF or high refraction
Examples thereof include resins, and for example, LaSF has a refractive index of 1.
8, BaSF has a refractive index of 1.7, and BaF has a refractive index of 1.
6. Polycarbonate has a refractive index of 1.6, and acrylic has a refractive index.
The folding rate is 1.5. Alternatively, the light angle conversion means is minute
If it is, the transmittance in the visible light region may be slightly low.
Therefore, TiO ₂Inorganic oxide or transparent resist
And TiO₂Has a refractive index of 2.5 and is a transparent resist
Has a refractive index of 1.5. Among these, transparent resist
Is preferable because it is easy to process and inexpensive.
iO₂Can increase the refractive index difference with other materials
It is preferable from the viewpoint that As a low refractive index material, Ti
Such as fluoride glass or micro bubbles below the wavelength
Examples include low-refractive-index base materials that include TiF.
Index is 1.45, TiK has a refractive index of 1.44, and FK has a refractive index.
Ratio of 1.43, SiO containing micro bubbles₂Has a refractive index of 1.
2. Among these, low refractive index base material containing micro bubbles
Can increase the difference in refractive index from other materials.
From the point of view, it is preferable.

The anode is an electrode for injecting holes,
Must be efficiently injected into the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer.
It is important. A transparent electrode can be used as the anode.
It Indium tin oxide as the material of the transparent electrode
(ITO), tin oxide (SnO) ₂), Zinc oxide (Zn
O) or other metal oxide, or SnO: Sb (anti
Mon), ZnO: Al (aluminum) mixture
A transparent conductive film composed of or does not impair transparency
Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), Ti with a certain thickness
(Titanium), Ag (silver) metal thin film, and these gold
Metal thin films such as mixed thin films of metal, laminated thin films, or
Can use a conductive polymer such as polypyrrole
It In addition, by stacking a plurality of the transparent electrode materials described above,
It can also be used as a bright electrode.
Various types of polymerization such as film deposition, sputtering or electric field polymerization
It is formed by the method. In addition, the transparent electrode has sufficient conductivity.
Or unevenness due to unevenness on the substrate surface
A thickness of 1 nm or more is desirable to prevent light emission
Good In addition, in order to have sufficient transparency, 500 nm
The following thickness is desirable.

Further, as the anode, in addition to the transparent electrode, Cr (chrome), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper),
A metal having a large work function such as Sn (tin), W (tungsten), Au (gold), an alloy thereof, an oxide, or the like can be used, and a laminated structure including a plurality of materials using these anode materials can also be used. You can However, when the transparent electrode is not used as the anode, the anode is preferably formed of a material that reflects light in order to maximize the effect of the light angle conversion means. When the transparent electrode is not used as the anode, the cathode may be a transparent electrode.

An amorphous carbon film may be provided on the anode. In this case, both have a function as a hole injecting electrode. That is, holes are injected from the anode into the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer through the amorphous carbon film. The amorphous carbon film is formed between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer by the sputtering method. Carbon targets obtained by sputtering include isotropic graphite, anisotropic graphite, glassy carbon and the like, and is not particularly limited, but isotropic graphite having high purity is suitable. Concretely showing the advantages of the amorphous carbon film,
When the work function of the amorphous carbon film is measured using a surface analyzer AC-1 manufactured by Riken Keiki, the work function of the amorphous carbon film is W _c = 5.40 eV. Here, the work function of ITO, which is commonly used as an anode, is W _ITO =
Since it is 5.05 eV, holes can be efficiently injected into the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer by using the amorphous carbon film. When forming an amorphous carbon film by a sputtering method,
In order to control the electric resistance value of the amorphous carbon film, reactive sputtering is performed in a mixed gas atmosphere of nitrogen or hydrogen and argon. Further, in the thin film forming technique such as the sputtering method, if the film thickness is 5 nm or less, the film has an island structure and a uniform film cannot be obtained. Therefore, if the thickness of the amorphous carbon film is 5 nm or less, efficient light emission cannot be obtained, and the effect of the amorphous carbon film cannot be expected. Further, when the thickness of the amorphous carbon film is 200 nm or more, the color of the film becomes blackish, and the light emitted from the organic electroluminescence element cannot be sufficiently transmitted.

The light emitting layer material is preferably made of a phosphor having a fluorescent property in the visible region and having a good film-forming property, such as Alq ₃ or Be-benzoquinolinol (BeBq ₂ ).
In addition to 2,5-bis (5,7-di-t-pentyl-2
-Benzoxazolyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 4,4'-bis (5,7-bentyl-2-benzoxazolyl) stilbene, 4,4'-bis [5,7-di- (2-Methyl-2-butyl) -2-benzoxazolyl] stilbene, 2,5-bis (5,7-di-t-pentyl-2-benzoxazolyl) thiophine, 2,5-
Bis ([5-α, α-dimethylbenzyl] -2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene, 2,5-bis [5,7-di- (2-methyl-2-butyl) -2-benzoxazolyl ] -3,4-diphenylthiophene, 2,5-bis (5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene,
4,4'-bis (2-benzoxazolyl) biphenyl, 5-methyl-2- [2- [4- (5-methyl-2-
Benzoxazolyl) phenyl] vinyl] benzoxazolyl, benzoxazoles such as 2- [2- (4-chlorophenyl) vinyl] naphtho [1,2-d] oxazole, 2,2 ′-(p-phenyl) Range vinylene)
-Benzothiazoles such as bisbenzothiazole, 2-
[2- [4- (2-benzimidazolyl) phenyl] vinyl] benzimidazole, 2- [2- (4-carboxyphenyl) vinyl] benzimidazole, and other fluorescent whitening agents such as benzimidazole compounds, and bis (8- Quinolinol) magnesium, bis (benzo-8-quinolinol)
Zinc, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) aluminum oxide, tris (8-quinolinol) indium, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, lithium 8-quinolinol, tris (5-chloro-8-quinolinol). Gallium, bis (5-chloro-8)
-Quinolinol) calcium, poly [zinc-bis (8-
8-hydroxyquinoline-based metal complex such as hydroxy-5-quinolinonyl) methane], a metal chelated oxinoid compound such as dilithium epinedridione, and 1,4-
Bis (2-methylstyryl) benzene, 1,4- (3-
Methylstyryl) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-methylstyryl) benzene, distyrylbenzene, 1,4-bis (2-ethylstyryl) benzene, 1,4-bis (3
-Styrylbenzene-based compounds such as -ethylstyryl) benzene and 1,4-bis (2-methylstyryl) 2-methylbenzene, 2,5-bis (4-methylstyryl) pyrazine, and 2,5-bis (4- Ethylstyryl) pyrazine,
2,5-bis [2- (1-naphthyl) vinyl] pyrazine, 2,5-bis (4-methoxystyryl) pyrazine,
Distilpyrazine derivatives such as 2,5-bis [2- (4-biphenyl) vinyl] pyrazine and 2,5-bis [2- (1-pyrenyl) vinyl] pyrazine, naphthalimide derivatives, perylene derivatives, An oxadiazole derivative, an aldazine derivative, a cyclopentadiene derivative, a styrylamine derivative, a coumarin derivative, an aromatic dimethylidin derivative, etc. are used. Further, anthracene, salicylate, pyrene, coronene and the like are also used. Alternatively, a phosphorescent material such as faq-tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium may be used.

Further, in addition to the single-layer structure of only the light emitting layer, a two-layer structure of a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer or a light emitting layer and an electron transport layer,
Any of a three-layer structure of a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer and an electron transport layer may be used. However, in the case of such a two-layer structure or a three-layer structure, the hole transport layer and the anode or the electron transport layer and the cathode are laminated so as to be in contact with each other.

As the hole transport layer, one having a high hole mobility, being transparent and having a good film forming property is preferable. In addition to TPD, porphine, tetraphenylporphine copper, phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, titanium phthalocyanine oxide, and other porphyrin compounds, 1,1-bis {4- (di-P-tolylamino) phenyl} cyclohexane, 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -trimethyltriphenylamine, N, N, N ′, N′-tetrakis (P-tolyl)
-P-phenylenediamine, 1- (N, N-di-P-tolylamino) naphthalene, 4,4'-bis (dimethylamino) -2-2'-dimethyltriphenylmethane, N,
N, N ', N'-tetraphenyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-di-m
-Tolyl-4, N, N-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1'-4,4'-diamine, 4'-diaminobiphenyl, N-phenylcarbazol, etc. Aromatic tertiary amines, 4-di-P-tolylaminostilbene, 4- (di-P-tolylamino) -4 '
A stilbene compound such as-[4- (di-P-tolylamino) styryl] stilbene, a triazole derivative, an oxazizazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, a polyarylalkane derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, a pyrazolone derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, , Annealed amine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, silazane derivatives, polysilane-based aniline-based copolymers, polymer oligomers, and styrylamine compounds Alternatively, an organic material such as an aromatic dimethylidene compound or poly-3-methylthiophene is used. Further, a polymer-dispersed hole transport layer in which a low molecular weight organic material for a hole transport layer is dispersed in a polymer such as polycarbonate is also used.

As the electron transport layer, oxadiazole derivatives such as 1,3-bis (4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl) phenylene (OXD-7) and anthraquinodimethane derivatives are used. , Diphenylquinone derivatives and the like are used.

The cathode is an electrode for injecting electrons, and it is necessary to efficiently inject the electrons into the light emitting layer or the electron transporting layer, and Al (aluminum), I having a small work function is used.
Metals such as n (indium), Mg (magnesium), Ti (titanium), Ag (silver), Ca (calcium), and Sr (strontium), or oxides or fluorides of these metals and their alloys and laminated bodies. Etc. are generally used. In order to maximize the effect of the light angle conversion means, the cathode is preferably made of a material that reflects light.

When the light angle conversion means is formed, it is difficult to perform effective angle conversion for all light.
Therefore, the light that is not extracted by the angle conversion of light once is totally reflected at the interface with air, propagates inside the element again, and reaches the cathode. Alternatively, since light is isotropically emitted in the light emitting layer, half of the light emitted in the light emitting layer reaches the cathode before reaching the light extraction surface.
At this time, if the cathode is made of a material that reflects light, the light that reaches the cathode is reflected and can propagate again in the direction of the light extraction surface, and can be used as effective light. There is a nature. In order to make this effect effective, the cathode is preferably formed of a material that reflects light, and further, the light reflectance is preferably 50% or more. This is because the efficiency improvement rate due to the angle conversion of light is about twice, so that effective light extraction is possible if the light reflectance is 50% or more, that is, the light loss at the cathode is 50% or less. . In conventional organic electroluminescence devices, the reflectance of the cathode was required to be extremely high, but by improving the light extraction efficiency, it is possible to expand the selectivity of the cathode material, film thickness, formation method, etc. Is. Needless to say, the above applies to the anode when the cathode is used as the transparent electrode.

Further, as the cathode, an ultrathin film having a high light transmittance using a metal having a small work function is formed at the interface in contact with the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer, and a transparent electrode is laminated on the ultrathin film. It is also possible to form a transparent cathode.
In particular, Mg and Mg-Ag alloys having a small work function are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5
Al-Li alloy and Sr-M described in JP-A-121172.
A g-alloy, an Al-Sr alloy, an Al-Ba alloy, or a laminated structure of LiO ₂ / Al, LiF / Al, or the like is suitable as a cathode material.

Furthermore, resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, and sputtering are used as the film forming method for these cathodes.

At least one of the anode and the cathode may be a transparent electrode. Further, both may be transparent electrodes, but in order to improve the light extraction efficiency, it is preferable that one is a transparent electrode and the other is formed of a material that reflects light.

In addition, a protective film may be formed on the surface of the organic electroluminescence device in order to shield the organic electroluminescence device from the outside air and ensure long-term stability. As the material of the protective film, SiON, SiO, SiN, SiO ₂ , Al
₂ O ₃ , an inorganic oxide such as LiF, an inorganic nitride, a thin film made of an inorganic fluoride, an inorganic oxide, an inorganic nitride,
Inorganic fluorides or the like, a glass film made of a mixture thereof, or a thermosetting or photocurable resin or a silane-based polymer material having a sealing effect, or the like may be used, for example, vapor deposition, sputtering, or a coating method. Is formed by.

Further, the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention can be used as a display device for displaying an image, and these display devices include a mobile phone, PHS, PDA.
It can be used as a display of a portable information terminal such as, a display of a television, a personal computer, a car navigation, etc., a display of an AV device such as a stereo, a radio, etc.

Further, it can be used for a lighting device as a light source such as a laser printer or a scanner. Alternatively, it can be used as a lighting device as a simple light source such as a lighting fixture such as an interior light or a light stand.

Among these, considering the advantages of the organic electroluminescence element such as low power consumption, easy weight reduction and thinning, and fast response speed, a display device as a display for displaying an image in various electronic devices or It is preferably used for a lighting device as a light source such as a laser printer or a scanner.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

(Embodiment 1) An organic electroluminescent element according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part of the organic electroluminescent element according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 4, the anode 2, the hole transport layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the cathode 5 are the same as those described in the prior art, and therefore the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted. Further, 6 is a minute lens array, and 7 is a high refractive index substrate.

The organic electroluminescent element of the present embodiment has a microlens array 6 as a light angle converting means on the surface of the high refractive index substrate 7 opposite to the surface in contact with the anode. The microlens array converts the angle of light emitted from the light emitting layer into an angle smaller than a critical angle that causes total reflection at the interface between the high refractive index substrate and air. preferable. The constituent material and forming method of the light angle converting means can be appropriately selected and used from the above-mentioned constituent materials, forming methods and conventionally known materials so as not to prevent extraction of light emission from the light emitting layer.

As the constituent material and forming method of the substrate 1, the anode 2, the hole transporting layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the cathode 5, the above-described constituent materials and forming methods and those conventionally known can be used.

Further, in the present embodiment, the case of the two-layer structure composed of the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer has been described, but the structure is not particularly limited to this as described above.

Further, in the present embodiment, the case of the structure in which the anode is formed on the upper surface of the substrate has been described, but the structure is not particularly limited as described above, and the cathode is formed on the upper surface of the substrate. It is also possible to form.

As for the form of sealing, an appropriate means such as forming a protective film for sealing can be adopted.
There is no problem even if the protective film is combined with a shield material.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to extract wasted light in the conventional configuration, so that the light extraction efficiency is improved and the highly efficient light emission performance can be maintained. .

Needless to say, the organic electroluminescent element in this embodiment can be used as a lighting device or a display device.

(Embodiment 2) Next, a display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a display device using an organic electroluminescence element according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 5, the high refractive index substrate 7, the anode 2,
The hole transport layer 3, the light emitting layer 4, and the cathode 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in Embodiment 1 and the description thereof is omitted here. Reference numeral 8 is a micro prism array.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the anode 2 is linearly patterned, and the cathode 5 is also linearly patterned so as to be substantially orthogonal thereto.

Then, with the anode 2 of this display device on the plus side and the cathode 5 on the minus side, it is connected to a drive circuit (driver) as drive means (not shown), and the selected anode 2,
When a DC voltage or a DC current is applied to the cathode 5, the light emitting layer 4 in the orthogonal portion emits light, and it can be used as a simple matrix type display device.

In this embodiment, the high refractive index substrate 7
Is provided with a micro prism array 8 as a light angle conversion means on the surface in contact with the anode. The micro prism array is adapted to convert the angle of light emitted from the light emitting layer into an angle smaller than a critical angle causing total internal reflection at the interface between the high refractive index substrate and air. It is preferable that the micro prism array is periodically arranged for each pixel.

The anode 2, the hole transport layer 3, the light emitting layer 4,
As the constituent material and the forming method of the cathode 5, the above-described constituent materials and forming methods and conventionally known materials can be used.

As described above, also in the display device of the present embodiment, it is possible to extract wasted light in the conventional structure, so that the light extraction efficiency is improved and the highly efficient light emission performance is maintained. You can Further, in the display device of the present embodiment, it is possible to suppress light propagation in the light transmissive substrate at the light extraction surface, so that it is possible to maintain highly efficient light emission performance and to prevent light bleeding. It is possible to realize a display device with good visibility.

Further, although the display device of the simple matrix system has been described in the present embodiment, the display device of the active matrix system may be used, and the total reflection of light on the surface of the high refractive index substrate which is in contact with the air is suppressed. The angle conversion means may be formed.

The organic electroluminescent element of the present invention can be used not only as a display device for displaying an image but also as a lighting device for a light source such as a laser printer or a scanner. Further, the anode 2 and the cathode 5 may be made to emit light over the entire surface without being linearly patterned and used as a simple lighting device.

(Embodiment 3) Next, a portable terminal using the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a mobile terminal provided with a display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a block showing a mobile terminal provided with a display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention. It is a figure.

6 and 7, 9 is a microphone for converting a voice into a voice signal, 10 is a speaker for converting a voice signal into a voice, 11 is an operation unit including a dial button, and 12 is an incoming call display. Which is a display unit configured by the display device using the organic electroluminescence of the present invention, 13 is an antenna, 14 is a transmission unit that converts a voice signal from the microphone 9 into a transmission signal, and is manufactured by the transmission unit 14. The transmitted signal is emitted to the outside through the antenna 13. Reference numeral 15 is a receiving unit that converts a reception signal received by the antenna 13 into a voice signal, and the voice signal created by the receiving unit 15 is converted into voice by the speaker 10. A control unit 16 controls the transmission unit 14, the reception unit 15, the operation unit 11, and the display unit 12.

The microphone 9 receives the voice or the like of the user (caller) during a call, and the speaker 10 outputs the voice or notification sound of the other party and transmits it to the user (receiver).
When using a pager as a mobile terminal,
The microphone need not be provided in particular.

Further, the operation unit 11 is provided with a ten key as a dial button and various function keys. Also,
Not only the numeric keypad and various function keys but also character keys and the like may be provided. From this operation unit 11, phone number, name, time, setting of various functions, e-mail address, URL
Predetermined data such as is input. Furthermore, the operation unit 11 may use a pen input device, a voice input device, a magnetic or optical input device, in addition to the operation using the keyboard.

The display unit 12 displays predetermined data input from the operation unit 11, data such as telephone numbers, e-mail addresses, URLs, etc. stored in the memory, character icons, or the like.

Further, the antenna 13 performs at least one of transmission and reception of radio waves. In this embodiment, an antenna (helical antenna, planar antenna, etc.) is provided because signals are transmitted and received by radio waves. However, when performing optical communication or the like, the light emitting element or the light receiving element is used as the antenna 13. May be provided instead of. In this case, the light emitting element transmits a signal to another communication device or the like, and the light receiving element receives a signal from the outside.

The transmitting section 14 and the receiving section 15 respectively convert a voice signal into a transmission signal and a received reception signal into a voice signal.

Further, the control section 16 uses C (not shown).
It is configured by a conventionally known method using a PU, a memory, etc., and includes a transmission unit 14, a reception unit 15, and an operation unit 11,
The display unit 12 is controlled. More specifically, an instruction is given to each control circuit, drive circuit, etc. (not shown) provided in each of these sections. For example, the display control circuit that receives the display command from the control unit 16 drives the display drive circuit, and the display unit 12 displays.

An example of the operation will be described below.

First, when there is an incoming call, the receiving section 15
Sends an incoming signal to the control unit 16, the control unit 16 causes the display unit 12 to display a predetermined character or the like based on the incoming signal, and a button or the like for receiving an incoming call from the operation unit 11 is pressed. Then, a signal is sent to the control unit 16,
The control unit 16 sets each unit to the incoming call mode. That is, the signal received by the antenna 13 is converted into a voice signal by the receiving unit 15, the voice signal is output as voice from the speaker 10, and the voice input from the microphone 9 is converted into a voice signal, and the transmitting unit 14 is operated. To the outside through the antenna 13.

Next, the case of making a call will be described.

First, when making a call, a signal indicating that the call is to be made is input from the operation unit 11 to the control unit 16. Subsequently, when a signal corresponding to the telephone number is sent from the operation unit 11 to the control unit 16, the control unit 16 sends a signal corresponding to the telephone number from the antenna 13 via the transmission unit 14. When the transmission signal establishes communication with the other party,
When a signal to that effect is sent to the control unit 16 via the receiving unit 15 via the antenna 13, the control unit 16 sets each unit to the transmission mode. That is, the signal received by the antenna 13 is converted into a voice signal by the receiving unit 15, the voice signal is output as voice from the speaker 10, and the voice input from the microphone 9 is converted into a voice signal, and the transmitting unit 14 is operated. To the outside through the antenna 13.

In the present embodiment, an example in which voice is transmitted and received is shown, but the same applies to a portable terminal that transmits and / or receives data other than voice such as character data in addition to voice. The effect can be obtained.

In such a portable terminal according to the present embodiment, it is possible to maintain a highly efficient light emitting performance, and therefore it is possible to suppress the amount of power consumption of the battery or the like. As a result, the portable terminal can be used for a long time, or the battery can be downsized and reduced in weight.

In particular, in recent years, display elements used in mobile terminals are required to have higher image quality and lower power consumption, and thus higher image quality and higher efficiency than the light extraction of conventional organic electroluminescence elements are required. Brings great benefits. Further, due to the high efficiency, the battery capacity can be reduced, and the weight can be reduced and the operating time can be extended. Further, if a polymer film is used as the substrate of the organic electroluminescence element, it becomes possible to bring about a dramatic weight reduction.

[0158]

Example 1 A film-like scattering sheet is attached on a transparent substrate made of a LaSF glass material (refractive index = 1.8) having a high refractive index so that air does not enter between the film and the substrate. It was After forming an ITO film having a film thickness of 160 nm on the opposite surface of the high refractive index substrate having the scattering surface, a resist material (OFPR-800 manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) is applied on the ITO film by spin coating. A resist film having a thickness of 10 μm was formed, and the resist film was patterned into a predetermined shape by masking, exposing and developing. Next, this substrate is heated at 60 ° C. for 5 hours.
After dipping in 0% hydrochloric acid to etch the part of the ITO film where the resist film was not formed, the resist film was also removed to obtain a patterned substrate on which an anode made of the ITO film having a predetermined pattern was formed. .

Next, this patterned substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent (Semicoclean, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, ultrasonically cleaned with pure water for 10 minutes, and treated with ammonia water 1 (volume ratio). After performing a cleaning treatment in order of 5 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen oxide water 1 and water 5 and ultrasonic cleaning with pure water of 70 ° C. for 5 minutes, the water adhering to the substrate was removed with a nitrogen blower, It was further heated and dried.

Then, on the surface of the patterned substrate on the anode side, TPD was used as a hole transport layer in an amount of about 50 in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus depressurized to a vacuum degree of 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less.
It was formed with a film thickness of nm.

Next, similarly, Alq ₃ was formed as a light emitting layer on the hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus to have a film thickness of about 60 nm. The vapor deposition rates of TPD and Alq ₃ were both 0.2 nm / s.

Next, similarly, in the resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus, a cathode was formed into a film having a thickness of 150 nm on the light emitting layer using an Al—Li alloy containing 15 at% of Li as a vapor deposition source.

Example 2 A transparent resin made of a LaSF glass material (refractive index = 1.8) having a high refractive index was coated with transparent resin in an array and heated in an oven to form a lens on the substrate surface. An array was formed. On the surface opposite to the high refractive index substrate having this lens array
After forming the TO film, a resist material (OFPR-800 manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is applied on the ITO film by a spin coating method to form a resist film having a thickness of 10 μm, which is masked, exposed and developed to form a resist film. Was patterned into a predetermined shape. Next, this substrate is dipped in 50% hydrochloric acid at 60 ° C. to etch the ITO film in the portion where the resist film is not formed, and then the resist film is also removed to form an anode made of the ITO film having a predetermined pattern. A patterned substrate on which was formed was obtained.

Next, the patterned substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent (Semicoclean, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, ultrasonically cleaned with pure water for 10 minutes, and treated with ammonia water 1 (volume ratio). After performing a cleaning treatment in order of 5 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen oxide water 1 and water 5 and ultrasonic cleaning with pure water of 70 ° C. for 5 minutes, the water adhering to the substrate was removed with a nitrogen blower, It was further heated and dried.

Next, on the surface of the patterned substrate on the anode side, TPD was used as a hole transport layer in an amount of about 50 as a hole transport layer in a resistance heating evaporation apparatus depressurized to a vacuum degree of 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less.
It was formed with a film thickness of nm.

Then, similarly, Alq ₃ was formed as a light emitting layer on the hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition device to a film thickness of about 60 nm. The vapor deposition rates of TPD and Alq ₃ were both 0.2 nm / s.

Similarly, in the resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus, a cathode was formed into a film having a thickness of 150 nm on the light emitting layer using an Al—Li alloy containing 15 at% of Li as a vapor deposition source.

(Example 3) [0168] A transparent substrate made of a TiK glass material (refractive index = 1.44) having a low refractive index was immersed in concentrated hydrochloric acid for etching to form fine irregularities on the substrate surface. Formed. An ITO film having a thickness of 160 nm is formed on the surface of the low-refractive-index substrate on which irregularities are formed, and then ITO is formed.
Resist material on the film (Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd., OFPR-800)
Was applied by a spin coating method to form a resist film having a thickness of 10 μm, and the resist film was patterned into a predetermined shape by masking, exposing and developing. Next, this substrate
After that, the ITO film in a portion where the resist film is not formed is etched by immersing it in 50% hydrochloric acid, and then the resist film is also removed to obtain a patterned substrate on which an anode made of the ITO film having a predetermined pattern is formed. It was

Next, the patterned substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent (Semicoclean, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, ultrasonically cleaned with pure water for 10 minutes, and treated with ammonia water 1 (volume ratio). After performing a cleaning treatment in order of 5 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen oxide water 1 and water 5 and ultrasonic cleaning with pure water of 70 ° C. for 5 minutes, the water adhering to the substrate was removed with a nitrogen blower, It was further heated and dried.

Next, on the surface of the patterned substrate on the anode side, TPD was used as a hole transport layer in an amount of about 50 as a hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus depressurized to a vacuum degree of 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less.
It was formed with a film thickness of nm.

Next, similarly, Alq ₃ was formed as a light emitting layer on the hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition device to a thickness of about 60 nm. The vapor deposition rates of TPD and Alq ₃ were both 0.2 nm / s.

Similarly, in the resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus, a cathode was formed into a film having a thickness of 150 nm on the light emitting layer using an Al—Li alloy containing 15 at% of Li as a vapor deposition source.

Example 4 A transparent substrate made of a TiK glass material having a low refractive index (refractive index = 1.44) was immersed in concentrated hydrochloric acid for etching to form fine irregularities on both sides of the substrate. . A film thickness of 160 n is formed on one surface of this low-refractive-index substrate.
m ITO film is formed, a resist material (OFPR-800 manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is applied onto the ITO film by spin coating to form a resist film having a thickness of 10 μm, which is masked, exposed and developed. The resist film was patterned into a predetermined shape. Next, this substrate is immersed in 50% hydrochloric acid at 60 ° C., and the IT of the portion where the resist film is not formed is formed.
After etching the O film, the resist film was also removed to obtain a patterned substrate on which an anode made of an ITO film having a predetermined pattern was formed.

Next, the patterned substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent (Semicoclean, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, ultrasonically cleaned with pure water for 10 minutes, and treated with ammonia water 1 (volume ratio). After performing a cleaning treatment in order of 5 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen oxide water 1 and water 5 and ultrasonic cleaning with pure water of 70 ° C. for 5 minutes, the water adhering to the substrate was removed with a nitrogen blower, It was further heated and dried.

Next, on the surface of the patterned substrate on the anode side, TPD was used as a hole transport layer in an amount of about 50 as a hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus depressurized to a vacuum degree of 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less.
It was formed with a film thickness of nm.

Next, similarly, Alq ₃ was formed as a light emitting layer on the hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition device to a film thickness of about 60 nm. The vapor deposition rates of TPD and Alq ₃ were both 0.2 nm / s.

Next, similarly, in the resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus, a cathode was formed into a film having a thickness of 150 nm on the light emitting layer using an Al—Li alloy containing 15 at% of Li as a vapor deposition source.

(Embodiment 5) A glass substrate is set to 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ To.
TiO ₂ was formed as a light guide layer with a film thickness of about 1000 nm in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus depressurized to a vacuum degree of rr or less. The TiO ₂ layer of the substrate on which the light guide layer was formed was immersed in hydrofluoric acid and etched to form minute irregularities on the surface of the light guide layer. After forming an ITO film having a film thickness of 160 nm on the surface opposite to TiO _{2 of} this substrate, a resist material (OFPR-800 manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) is applied on the ITO film by spin coating to form a film having a thickness of 10 μm. A resist film was formed, masked, exposed and developed to pattern the resist film into a predetermined shape. Next, the substrate is heated to 60 ° C. for 50 minutes.
% Of hydrochloric acid to etch the ITO film in a portion where the resist film is not formed, and then the resist film is also removed to obtain a patterned substrate having an anode made of the ITO film having a predetermined pattern.

Next, the patterned substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent (Semicoclean, manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, ultrasonically cleaned with pure water for 10 minutes, and then overwhelmed with ammonia water 1 (volume ratio). After performing a cleaning treatment in order of 5 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen oxide water 1 and water 5 and ultrasonic cleaning with pure water of 70 ° C. for 5 minutes, the water adhering to the substrate was removed with a nitrogen blower, It was further heated and dried.

Next, on the surface of the patterned substrate on the anode side, TPD was used as a hole transport layer in an amount of about 50 as a hole transport layer in a resistance heating evaporation apparatus depressurized to a vacuum degree of 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less.
It was formed with a film thickness of nm.

Next, similarly, Alq ₃ was formed as a light emitting layer on the hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus to a film thickness of about 60 nm. The vapor deposition rates of TPD and Alq ₃ were both 0.2 nm / s.

Similarly, in the resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus, a cathode was formed into a film having a thickness of 150 nm on the light emitting layer using an Al-Li alloy containing 15 at% of Li as a vapor deposition source.

(Comparative Example 1) As in Example 1, after forming an ITO film having a thickness of 160 nm on a transparent substrate made of glass, a resist material (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., OFP) was formed on the ITO film.
R-800) is applied by spin coating to a thickness of 10
A resist film having a thickness of μm was formed, and the resist film was patterned into a predetermined shape by masking, exposing and developing. Next, this substrate is dipped in 50% hydrochloric acid at 60 ° C. to etch the ITO film in the portion where the resist film is not formed, and then the resist film is also removed to form an anode made of the ITO film having a predetermined pattern. A patterned substrate on which was formed was obtained.

Next, the patterned substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with a detergent (Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd., Semicoclean) for 5 minutes, pure water was ultrasonically cleaned for 10 minutes, and the aqueous ammonia solution 1 (volume ratio) was used. After performing a cleaning treatment in order of 5 minutes of ultrasonic cleaning with a solution of a mixture of hydrogen oxide water 1 and water 5 and ultrasonic cleaning with pure water of 70 ° C. for 5 minutes, the water adhering to the substrate was removed with a nitrogen blower, It was further heated and dried.

Next, on the surface of the patterned substrate on the anode side, about 50 TPD was used as a hole transport layer in a resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus depressurized to a vacuum degree of 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less.
It was formed with a film thickness of nm.

Then, similarly, Alq ₃ having a film thickness of about 60 nm was formed as a light emitting layer on the hole transport layer in the resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus. The vapor deposition rates of TPD and Alq ₃ were both 0.2 nm / s.

Next, similarly, in the resistance heating vapor deposition apparatus, a cathode was formed into a film having a thickness of 150 nm on the light emitting layer using an Al—Li alloy containing 15 at% of Li as a vapor deposition source.

[0188]

[Table 1]

Here, the evaluation method and the evaluation criteria for the evaluation items in (Table 1) will be described.

The luminous efficiency of the device was evaluated by evaluating the luminous brightness when a constant current was applied to the organic electroluminescent device. The evaluation criteria are as follows with respect to the emission luminance of Comparative Example 1.
⊚: Very good, ◯: Excellent, Δ: Acceptable.

The visibility of the light-emitting surface is as follows. The blurring and blurring of light when the organic electroluminescence element is used as a display device composed of square pixels each side of which is 300 μm are as follows.
The degree of visibility was visually evaluated. Evaluation is ◎, ○, △
The evaluation criteria are ⊚: very excellent, ∘: excellent, and Δ: acceptable.

[0192]

As described above, according to the present invention, the medium of the substrate of the organic electroluminescence element is appropriately selected, and the light angle converting means suitable for the refractive index of the substrate is provided. It is possible to provide an organic electroluminescence element having highly efficient emission luminance characteristics, a display device and a mobile terminal using the same, and a lighting device. Further, by appropriately selecting the refractive index of the substrate, it is possible to provide an organic electroluminescent element with less bleeding or blurring of light, an illuminating device using the same, a display device, and a mobile terminal.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a layer structure of an organic electroluminescence element of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the result of optical simulation.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of optical simulation.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an organic electroluminescence element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a display device using an organic electroluminescence element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a mobile terminal equipped with a display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a mobile terminal equipped with a display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional organic electroluminescence element.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a typical light beam path in a cross section of a main part of a conventional organic electroluminescent element.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 glass substrate 2 anode 3 Hole transport layer 4 Light emitting layer 5 cathode 6 Micro lens array 7 High refractive index substrate 8 Micro prism array 9 microphone 10 speakers 11 Operation part 12 Display 13 antennas 14 Transmitter 15 Receiver 16 Control unit

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) G09F 9/30 349 G09F 9/30 349Z 365 365Z 27/00 27/00 Q Z H04Q 7/38 H05B 33 / 14 A H05B 33/14 H04B 7/26 109T (72) Inventor Takahiro Komatsu 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Akira Gyotoku, 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial In-house F-term (reference) 3K007 AB02 AB17 BA06 BB06 CA00 CB01 DA01 DB03 EA01 EB00 5C094 AA10 BA03 BA27 CA19 EA04 EA05 EB02 ED01 FA01 FA02 FB01 FB20 JA01 JA11 JA13 5G435 AA03 BB05 CC09 EE26H04 A02H04 A20H04H20A02 FF07 FF23

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. An organic electroluminescence device comprising at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons on a substrate, which is opposed to an element formation surface of the substrate. An organic electroluminescence device, characterized in that the surface of the substrate is provided with light angle conversion means, and the refractive index of the substrate is 1.2 or more. 2. An organic electroluminescence device having at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons on a substrate, the device being opposed to an element formation surface of the substrate. An organic electroluminescence device, characterized in that the surface of the substrate is provided with a light angle conversion means, and the substrate has a refractive index of 1.4 or more. 3. An organic electroluminescence device having at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons on a substrate, which is opposed to an element formation surface of the substrate. An organic electroluminescence device, characterized in that the surface of the substrate is provided with a light angle conversion means, and the substrate has a refractive index of 1.7 or more. 4. An organic electroluminescence device having at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons on a substrate, which is opposed to an element formation surface of the substrate. An organic electroluminescence device, characterized in that a surface for performing light angle conversion is provided on the surface, and the light angle conversion means has a higher refractive index than the substrate. 5. An organic electroluminescence device comprising at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons on a substrate, the device forming surface of the substrate and the device. An organic electroluminescence device comprising a light angle conversion means on a surface facing a formation surface. 6. An organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons, wherein light is formed on an element formation surface of the substrate. 2. The organic electroluminescence device comprising the angle conversion means of 1. and the substrate having a refractive index of 1.7 or less. 7. An organic electroluminescence device comprising, on a substrate, at least an anode for injecting holes, a light emitting layer having a light emitting region, and a cathode for injecting electrons, wherein light is formed on an element formation surface of the substrate. 2. An organic electroluminescence device comprising the angle conversion means of 1. and the substrate having a refractive index of 1.5 or less. 8. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the light angle conversion means is a scattering surface formed of fine irregularities formed on the surface. 9. The organic electro-luminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the light angle converting means comprises a surface that is non-parallel to a light extraction surface formed on the surface. Luminescence element. 10. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the light angle conversion means comprises a minute lens array formed on a surface. 11. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the light angle conversion means comprises a micro prism array formed on a surface. 12. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the light angle conversion means is formed on the surface of the substrate. 13. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the light angle conversion means is formed inside the substrate. 14. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the light angle conversion means is made of a transparent resist. 15. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 8, wherein the light angle conversion means is made of titanium oxide. 16. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode facing the electrode on the side in contact with the substrate has a light reflectance of 50% or more in a visible light region. element. 17. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the anode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape and the cathode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape to have an image display arrangement. The organic electroluminescent lighting device according to any one of claims 1. 18. Either the anode or the cathode is electrically separated for each pixel, and the separated electrode is scanned through at least one switching element. The organic electroluminescence lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the organic electroluminescence lighting device has an image display array. 19. The image display array, wherein the anode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape and the cathode is electrically isolated in a stripe shape. The organic electroluminescence display device according to any one of claims 1. 20. Either the anode or the cathode is electrically isolated for each pixel, and the separated electrode is scanned through at least one switching element. The organic electroluminescence display device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the organic electroluminescence display device has an image display array. 21. A voice signal converting means for converting a voice into a voice signal, an operating means for inputting a telephone number and the like, a display means for displaying an incoming call display, a telephone number and the like, and communication for converting a voice signal into a transmission signal. 20. A mobile terminal comprising: means, a receiving means for converting a received signal into an audio signal, an antenna for transmitting / receiving the transmitted signal and the received signal, and a control means for controlling each unit, wherein the display means is provided. 20. A portable terminal comprising the display device according to any one of 1.