JP2003057685A - Device for varying light transmittance - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To vary light transmittance in a short time and also to efficiently transmit light in a light transmittance varying device having electrochromic elements. SOLUTION: A metal electrode film 11a being a metal film having a plurality of openings, an electrochromic element 12a, electrolyte 13, an electrochromic element 12b and a transparent electrode film 11b composed of a transparent conductive film are laminated on a glass plate 10a. A glass plate 10b is stuck onto the transparent electrode film 11b with an epoxy adhesive 14.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light transmittance varying device, and more particularly to a light transmittance varying device having an electrochromic element.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a CRT (cathode ray tube) currently most widely used in display devices such as televisions, ambient light is reflected by a fluorescent screen inside a display surface and an image displayed on the screen can be seen. It can be difficult. Therefore, the following two methods are used to attenuate the reflection of ambient light on the fluorescent screen.

One is a method of using colored glass for a face plate of a CRT. The light emitted from the fluorescent screen passes through the face plate once and enters the human eye, but the ambient light is greatly attenuated because it is transmitted twice from the outside to the inside of the face plate, and from the inside to the outside. You can see a good statue. However, since the light transmittance of the face plate is fixed, the brightness or the contrast may be insufficient depending on the ambient light conditions.

Therefore, as a second method, there is a method of changing the light transmittance of the face plate. Patent No. 3
In 064431, a light sensor detects a change in the intensity of ambient light and changes the light transmittance of the panel of the display device in inverse proportion to the intensity of the detected light so that the brightness can be changed regardless of the ambient brightness. The method of obtaining the balance of contrast is illustrated.

As one method of varying the light transmittance, application of an electrochromic device has been studied (GC de Vries, "Variable Transmission Coating".
s forPicture Tubes ", Society for Information Displa
y Digest of Technical Papers (1999), pp144-147).

The electrochromic device utilizes an electrochromic phenomenon in which the absorption spectrum of visible light is reversibly changed by applying a voltage and causes coloring or decoloring. Substances that exhibit this phenomenon are
At present, oxides of transition metals are often used, which cause a coloring and decoloring reaction along with a redox reaction caused by the inflow of ions and electrons when a voltage is applied. For this reason, electrochromic devices generally have one electrode between two electrodes.
Alternatively, two or more electrochromic material layers and an electrolyte layer for supplying ions are sandwiched between the electrochromic material layers.

[0007]

However, in the case of varying the light transmittance as described above, it is necessary to use a transparent conductive film as an electrode for applying a voltage to the electrochromic substance, and its resistance value is several tens to several. Since it is not sufficiently low as Ω / □, there is a problem that it takes time to change the transmittance.

For example, the variable time depending on the size of the spectacle lens is 9 seconds from the erasing state to the coloring state (from "Light control glass" Asahi Shimbun evening edition 1993.6.30), but even if the same configuration is used, 15 If the size is about inch (240 mm × 320 mm), the operation speed will be drastically reduced and it will take about 5 minutes.

If a metal film can be used as an electrochromic electrode, its resistance value is 1 to 0.1.
Since it is Ω / □, the operation speed is increased, but light transmission is lost. Therefore, in order to make the metal film transparent,
On the contrary, when the thickness of the metal film is set to about several nm, there is a problem that the resistance value is increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the light transmittance can be changed in a short time, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a light transmittance varying device that efficiently transmits light.

[0011]

According to the present invention, in a light transmittance varying device having an electrochromic element, at least one of two electrodes arranged opposite to each other with the electrochromic element sandwiched therebetween has a plurality of electrodes. There is provided a light transmittance varying device, which is a metal electrode film made of a metal film having an opening.

According to the above structure, since the electrochromic element is sandwiched between the metal electrode film made of a metal film having a plurality of openings and the transparent electrode made of a transparent conductive film, the light transmittance can be varied. It is performed in a short time and transmits light efficiently.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1A and 1B are views showing a light transmittance varying device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the whole, and FIG. 1B is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the arrow A1. .

The variable light transmittance device comprises glass plates 10a, 1
0b, the metal electrode film 11a, the transparent electrode film 11b, the electrochromic elements 12a and 12b, and the electrolyte 13
And an epoxy adhesive 14. Glass plate 10
a, 10b, metal electrode film 11a, transparent electrode film 11b
The vertical and horizontal sizes of the electrochromic elements 12a and 12b and the electrolyte 13 are 240 mm and 320 mm.

The glass plates 10a and 10b are made of transparent glass having a thickness of 5 mm. Glass plate 10a and glass plate 10
b are arranged so as to face each other, and the metal electrode film 11 is provided between them.
a, the transparent electrode film 11b, and the electrochromic device 1
2a, 12b, an electrolyte 13, and an epoxy adhesive 14 are arranged.

Here, FIG. 2 is a view showing a glass plate and a metal electrode film of the light transmittance varying device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a partial front view, and (b) is a view. The sectional view seen from the arrow A2 is shown.

The metal electrode film 11a is formed on the glass plate 10a and has a plurality of lattice-shaped openings 11aa. To form the metal electrode film 11a and the opening 11aa, first,
Copper is deposited to a thickness of 240 nm on the surface of the glass plate 10a facing the glass plate 10b by vapor deposition. Next, a resist pattern is formed on the formed copper by photolithography. Next, etching is performed using the resist pattern as a mask to remove a part of copper. At this time, the openings 11aa are formed so as to have a square shape with a size of 280 μm and the distance between the openings 11aa is 20 μm.

The electrochromic device 12a is made of iridium oxide (IrO _x , where x is a positive integer) having a thickness of 150 nm. The electrochromic element 12a is formed on the metal electrode film 11a and the opening 11aa by vapor deposition in a vacuum container.

The electrolyte 13 is made of solid tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ) having a thickness of 560 nm. Subsequent to the vapor deposition of the electrochromic element 12a, a film is formed on the electrochromic element 12a by vapor deposition in a vacuum container. Here, the light transmittance varying device that has been formed up to this point is taken out of the vacuum container and left in the atmosphere to leave the electrolyte 13
Adsorb water sufficiently to the.

The electrochromic device 12b is made of tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ) having a thickness of 410 nm.
The electrochromic element 12b is again provided with the electrolyte 13
The light transmittance varying device up to the point where the film was formed is placed in a vacuum container and a film is formed on the electrolyte 13.

The transparent electrode film 11b is a transparent conductive film having a thickness of 240 nm and made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, In ₂ O ₃ / S).
nO ₂ ). The transparent electrode film 11b is formed on the electrochromic element 12b by a vapor deposition method.

The glass plate 10b is adhered by applying an epoxy adhesive on the transparent electrode film 11b. Further, the glass plates 10a and 10b, the metal electrode film 11a, and the transparent electrode film 1
1b, electrochromic elements 12a and 12b,
An epoxy adhesive 14 is applied to cover the entire periphery of the electrolyte 13.

Thus, the thickness of the metal electrode film 11a is set to 1
By setting the thickness to 0 nm or more, the resistance value is lowered, and the light transmittance can be changed in a short time. Further, by providing the plurality of grid-shaped openings 11aa, light can be efficiently transmitted.

Next, a light transmittance varying device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 3
[FIG. 6] is a diagram showing a light transmittance varying device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a perspective view of the whole, and (b) is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the arrow B1. The same parts as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. The light transmittance variable device of FIG. 3 has a metal electrode film 21a having vertical and horizontal sizes of 240 mm and 320 mm. Here, the metal electrode film 21a will be described.

4A and 4B are views showing a glass plate and a metal electrode film of a light transmittance varying device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a partial front view and FIG. 4B is an arrow B2. The sectional view seen from is shown.

The metal electrode film 21a is formed on the glass plate 10a, is made of aluminum having a thickness of 240 nm, and has a lattice-shaped light transmitting portion 21aa having a thickness of 3 nm.
To form the light transmitting portion 21aa, first, the glass plate 10
Aluminum is deposited to a thickness of 240 nm on the opposite surface of the glass plate 10b of a by vapor deposition. Next, a resist pattern is formed on the deposited aluminum by photolithography. Next, etching is performed using the resist pattern as a mask. At this time, the etching time is adjusted so that the light transmitting portion 21aa becomes 3n in the etching portion.
The aluminum film having a thickness of m is formed. Light transmission part 2
1aa is formed so as to have a square shape with a size of 280 μm, and the space between the light transmitting portions 21aa is 20 μm.

In this way, the thickness of the metal electrode film 21a is set to 1
In addition to having a thickness of 0 nm or more, the light transmitting portion 21aa is also made of a metal film, so that the resistance value is lowered and the light transmittance can be changed in a short time. In addition, the light transmitting portion 21aa
Since the metal film has a thickness of 10 nm or less, light can be efficiently transmitted.

Next, a light transmittance varying device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 5
[Fig. 6] is a diagram showing a light transmittance varying device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a perspective view of the whole, and (b) is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the arrow C1. The same parts as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. The light transmittance varying device of FIG. 5 has a metal electrode film 31a and a transparent electrode film 32, each of which has a length of 240 mm and a width of 320 mm. Here, the metal electrode film 31a and the transparent electrode film 32 will be described.

6A and 6B are views showing a glass plate, a metal electrode film, and a transparent electrode film of a light transmittance varying device according to the third embodiment. FIG. 6A is a partial front view and FIG. 6B is an arrow. The sectional view seen from the view C2 is shown.

The metal electrode film 31a has a slit-shaped opening 31aa in the horizontal direction. In order to form the metal electrode film 31a and the opening 31aa, first, copper is deposited on the surface of the glass plate 10a facing the glass plate 10b by a vapor deposition method.
The film is formed with a thickness of 0 nm. Next, a resist pattern is formed on the formed copper by photolithography. Next, etching is performed using the resist pattern as a mask to remove a part of copper. At this time, the opening 31aa has a slit shape with a vertical size of 270 μm.
Further, the openings 31aa are formed so that the distance between them is 30 μm.

The transparent electrode film 32 is a transparent conductive film and has a thickness of 2
It consists of 40 nm ITO. The transparent electrode film 32 is formed on the metal electrode film 31a by a vapor deposition method. By the way, in the case where the light transmittance varying device according to the third embodiment is applied to a Trinitron CRT, the shadow mask is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the interdigital aperture and the longitudinal direction of the aperture 31aa are parallel to each other. Since interference fringes are generated, the shadow mask is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the comb-shaped opening and the longitudinal direction of the opening 31aa are perpendicular to each other.

Although the metal electrode film 31a and the transparent electrode film 32 are formed on the glass plate 10a in the above description, the transparent electrode film 32 is formed on the glass plate 10a and the metal electrode film 31a is formed thereon. You may form.

Thus, the thickness of the metal electrode film 31a is set to 1
In addition to having a thickness of 0 nm or more, the transparent electrode film 32 is formed on the metal electrode film 31a, so that the resistance value is reduced and the light transmittance can be varied in a short time. Further, since the transparent electrode film 32 has the openings 31aa and is a transparent conductive film, light can be efficiently transmitted.

Next, a light transmittance varying device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 7
[Fig. 6] is a diagram showing a light transmittance varying device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, (a) is an overall perspective view, and (b) is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the arrow D1. 5 that are the same as those in FIG. The light transmittance varying device of FIG. 7 has a metal electrode film 31b having vertical and horizontal sizes of 240 mm and 320 mm. Here, the metal electrode film 31b will be described.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are views showing a transparent electrode film and a metal electrode film of a light transmittance varying device according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 8A is a partial front view, and FIG. 8B is a view from an arrow D2. The seen sectional view is shown. The metal electrode film 31b has a slit-shaped opening 31ba in the vertical direction. Metal electrode film 31b and opening 3
To form 1ba, first, copper is deposited on the transparent electrode film 11b to a thickness of 240 nm by vapor deposition. next,
A resist pattern is formed on the formed copper by photolithography. Next, etching is performed using the resist pattern as a mask to remove a part of copper. At this time, the openings 31ba are formed in a slit shape having a vertical size of 270 μm, and the intervals between the openings 31ba are 30 μm.
It is formed so as to be m.

In the above description, the transparent electrode film 11b and the metal electrode film 31b are formed on the electrochromic element 12b. However, the metal electrode film 31b is formed on the electrochromic element 12b and the transparent electrode is formed on the metal electrode film 31b. The film 11b may be formed.

Thus, the two metal electrode films 31a, 3
1b, and the thickness of the metal electrode films 31a and 31b is 10n.
By setting m or more, the resistance value decreases, and the light transmittance can be changed in a short time. Also, a plurality of openings 3
By providing 1aa and 31ba, light can be efficiently transmitted.

Next, a comparison of light transmittance changes and response speeds of the light transmittance varying devices according to the first to fourth embodiments and the light transmittance varying device of the comparative example will be described.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a comparison of light transmittance changes and response speeds of the light transmittance varying devices according to the first to fourth embodiments and the light transmittance varying device of the comparative example.

The change in light transmittance shows the range in which the light transmittance can be changed, with 100% when the light transmittance changing device transmits light without attenuating the light. The time to color is shown in seconds.

Here, the structure of the light transmittance varying device of the comparative example will be described. FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a light transmittance varying device of a comparative example. The light transmittance varying device of the comparative example includes glass plates 40a and 40b, transparent electrode films 41a and 41b, electrochromic elements 42a and 42b, and an electrolyte 43.
And an epoxy adhesive 44. Glass plate 40
a, 40b, transparent electrode films 41a, 41b, electrochromic elements 42a, 42b, and a vertical direction of the electrolyte 43,
The lateral size is 240 mm and 320 mm.

The glass plates 40a and 40b are made of transparent glass and have a thickness of 5 mm. Transparent electrode films 41a, 4
1b is made of ITO and has a thickness of 240 nm. The electrochromic element 42a is made of IrO _x and has a thickness of 150 nm. Electrochromic element 42b
Is made of WO ₃ and has a thickness of 410 nm. Electrolyte 4
3 is made of Ta ₂ O ₅ and has a thickness of 560 nm. The transparent electrode film 41b and the glass plate 40b are bonded with an epoxy adhesive 44.

In the light transmittance varying device according to the first embodiment, the light transmittance change is 36% to 70%, and the response speed is 200 seconds. In the light transmittance varying device according to the second embodiment, the light transmittance change is 36% to 70%, and the response speed is 150 seconds.

In the light transmittance changing device according to the third embodiment, the light transmittance change is 36% to 70%, and the response speed is 150 seconds. In the light transmittance changing device according to the fourth embodiment, the light transmittance change is 32% to 65%, and the response speed is 100 seconds.

In the light transmittance varying device of the comparative example, the light transmittance changes from 40% to 80% and the response speed is 3%.
00 seconds. As described above, in the light transmittance varying device according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the maximum value of the light transmittance and to significantly increase the response speed.

In the description of the first to fourth embodiments, the glass plates 10a and 10b are often used in soda glass, lead glass, hard glass, quartz glass, liquid crystal glass, and cathode ray tubes. Strontium (S
Alternatively, silicate glass containing t) or barium (Ba), non-alkali glass used in a liquid crystal display device, or the like may be used.

The glass plates 10a and 10b may be plastic plates or plastic films. The plastic plate or plastic film including the above glass material may be colored with a dye such as a dye or a pigment, a metal electrode film, an antistatic film on the surface opposite to the surface on which the electrochromic element is formed, A functional film such as an antireflection film, an antifouling film, an infrared cut filter, or an electromagnetic wave shielding filter may be formed or integrated.

The plastic material is not particularly limited, and any material may be used as long as it is a base material made of an organic polymer. However, optical characteristics such as transparency, refractive index and dispersion, and further resistance to Considering various properties such as impact resistance, heat resistance, and durability, in particular, (meth) acryl such as polymethylmethacrylate, copolymers of methylmethacrylate with other alkyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl monomers such as styrene, etc. Resin, polycarbonate, diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate (CR-3
9) and other polycarbonate-based resins, (brominated) bisphenol A type di (meth) acrylate homopolymers or copolymers, (brominated) bisphenol A mono (meth) acrylate urethane-modified monomer polymers and copolymers Thermosetting (meth) acrylic resins such as polymers, polyesters especially polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and unsaturated polyesters, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polyvinyl chloride,
Polyurethane and epoxy resin are preferred. Further, it is also possible to use an aramid resin in consideration of heat resistance.

The plastic film substrate can be obtained by a method in which these resins are stretched or diluted with a solvent and then formed into a film and dried, and the thickness is usually about 25 to 500 microns.

Further, the surface of the plastic substrate as described above can be obtained by using Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 150-28092 and 50-2.
It may be coated with a coating material such as a hard coat as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8446, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-24368, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-112698, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-2735. The physical properties such as adhesiveness, hardness, chemical resistance, durability, and dyeability can be improved by this coating material existing in the lower layer of the antireflection film made of an inorganic material described later. The film thickness of the hard coat is
Usually, it is about 1 to 20 μm.

Metal electrode films 11a, 21a, 31a, 31
Although copper or aluminum is used as the material of b, any electrically conductive material such as metal, alloy, metal nitride, metal oxynitride, and metal oxide film may be used. For example, silver (Ag) , Metals such as gold (Au), titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), palladium (Pd), or iron and nickel (Fe-N).
An alloy of i), nickel and chromium (Ni-Cr), iron and chromium (Fe-Cr), iron and copper (Fe-Cu), or the like may be used.

Metal electrode films 11a, 21a, 31a, 31
As the method of forming b, the description has been made by using the etching method of forming a pattern using a photosensitive resist and removing unnecessary portions with an acid or alkali material. However, the photosensitive resist is not required to have a grid pattern on a glass plate. It may be formed by using a lift-off method or the like in which a portion to be formed is formed, an electrode material is formed thereon, and an unnecessary portion is dissociated in a resist stripping solution or an organic solvent.

Further, the metal electrode films 11a, 21a, 31
The shapes of a and 31b are not limited to the grid shape and the slit shape, and various shapes such as a honeycomb shape (hexagonal shape) can be applied.

Further, the metal electrode films 11a, 21a, 31
The sizes of the openings 11aa, 31aa, 31ba of the a and 31b and the light transmitting portion 21aa are not particularly limited, and are appropriately selected depending on the resolution of the display device.

Further, the metal electrode films 11a, 21a, 31
The area ratio of a, 31b to the openings 11aa, 31aa, 31ba, and the light transmitting portion 21aa is not particularly limited, but the opening 1
When the ratio of the area ratio of 1aa, 31aa, 31ba, and the light transmitting portion 21aa is increased, the maximum value of the light transmittance increases, but the light transmittance variable speed of the electrochromic elements 12a, 12b becomes slower, and vice versa. The maximum value of the light transmittance is lowered and the variable speed of the light transmittance is increased, so that the light transmittance is set appropriately according to the characteristics of the display device and the usage environment.

Metal electrode films 11a, 21a, 31a, 31
It is preferable to blacken the electrode surface in order to reduce reflection from the surface of b. The black treatment is a method of blackening the surface or forming a black film by a chemical coloring method, a plating method, a transfer method, a PVD method, a CVD method or the like (“Surface Technology”, Vol. 49, No. 11, 1989). ).

Although the transparent electrode films 11b and 32 have been described using ITO as a material, tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In ₂ O ₃ ), titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride ( ZrN), hafnium nitride (HfN), titanium oxynitride (TiN _x O _y , x and y are positive integers), and the like are also applicable. To form these metals or transparent conductive film materials, PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) typified by a sputtering method in addition to the vapor deposition method.
Method or CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method may be used.

Electrochromic devices 12a, 12b
As the material, nickel oxide (NiO), Prussian blue, or the like may be used in addition to tungsten trioxide and iridium oxide.

The electrolyte 13 includes solid tantalum pentoxide and solid β-alumina (M. Green and KSKang, Thin S).
solid films, 40, L19 (1997)), polymer solid electrolyte having ethylene oxide as a unit structure (Norihisa Kobayashi, functional electronic materials, functional electronic materials, Chapter 4, P.279, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1992), perchloric acid Lithium (LiClO ₄ ),
Alternatively, a gel substance containing ions such as lithium (Li) and sodium (Na) may be used.

The vertical and horizontal sizes of the light transmittance varying device of the present invention are not limited to 240 mm and 320 mm. Further, the variable light transmittance device of the present invention can be used by being bonded to a face plate of a display device such as a CRT, or can be directly used as a face plate.

[0060]

As described above, in the present invention, the electrochromic element is sandwiched between the metal electrode film made of a metal film having a plurality of openings and the transparent electrode made of a transparent conductive film. The transmittance can be changed in a short time and light can be efficiently transmitted.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A and 1B are diagrams showing a light transmittance varying device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is an overall perspective view, and FIG. 1B is a partial cross-sectional view seen from an arrow A1. is there.

2A and 2B are diagrams showing a glass plate and a metal electrode film of the light transmittance varying device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2A being a partial front view and FIG. FIG.

3A and 3B are diagrams showing a light transmittance varying device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the whole, and FIG. 3B is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the arrow B1. is there.

4A and 4B are views showing a glass plate and a metal electrode film of a light transmittance varying device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4A being a partial front view and FIG. FIG.

5A and 5B are diagrams showing a light transmittance varying device according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the whole, and FIG. 5B is a partial cross-sectional view seen from an arrow C1. is there.

6A and 6B are diagrams showing a glass plate, a metal electrode film, and a transparent electrode film of a light transmittance varying device according to a third embodiment, FIG. 6A being a partial front view and FIG. It is sectional drawing seen from.

7A and 7B are diagrams showing a light transmittance varying device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 7A is a perspective view of the whole and FIG. 7B is a partial cross-sectional view seen from an arrow D1. is there.

8A and 8B are diagrams showing a transparent electrode film and a metal electrode film of a light transmittance varying device according to a fourth embodiment, FIG. 8A being a partial front view and FIG. 8B being a view seen from an arrow D2. FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a comparison of light transmittance changes and response speeds of the light transmittance varying devices according to the first to fourth embodiments and the light transmittance varying device of the comparative example. .

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a light transmittance varying device of a comparative example.

[Explanation of symbols]

10a, 10b ... glass plate, 11a ... metal electrode film,
11b ... Transparent electrode film, 11aa ... Opening, 12a, 1
2b ... electrochromic element, 13 ... electrolyte,
14 ... Epoxy adhesive, 21a ... Metal electrode film, 21
aa ... light transmitting part, 31a, 31b ... metal electrode film, 3
1aa, 31ba ... Opening, 32 ... Transparent electrode film, 40
a, 40b ... glass plate, 41a, 41b ... transparent electrode film, 42a, 42b ... electrochromic element, 4
3 ... Electrolyte, 44 ... Epoxy adhesive.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Oshima             6-735 Kita-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Soni             -In EMCS Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hideaki Inoue             6-735 Kita-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Soni             -In EMCS Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 2K001 AA08 BA09 BB30 CA02 CA09                       CA20 CA36 DA02 DA03                 5C058 AB05 BA35 DA01 DA15

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A light transmittance varying device having an electrochromic element, wherein at least one of two electrodes which face each other and sandwich the electrochromic element is a metal electrode film which is a metal film having a plurality of openings. A light transmittance varying device characterized in that 2. The light transmittance varying device according to claim 1, wherein the metal electrode film has a metal film thinner than the metal film in the opening portion. 3. The light transmittance varying device according to claim 1, wherein a transparent conductive film is laminated on the metal electrode film. 4. The film thickness of the metal film of the metal electrode film is 10 n.
The light transmittance varying device according to claim 1, wherein the light transmittance varying device is m or more. 5. The film thickness of the metal film in the opening is 10 nm.
The light transmittance varying device according to claim 2, wherein: 6. A display device comprising the variable light transmittance device according to claim 1 bonded to a display surface. 7. A display device, wherein the variable light transmittance device according to claim 1 is a display surface.