JP2003050188A - Biaxial compression apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biaxial compression apparatus that can independently control the amount of compression in the directions of the first and second axes, and can give a free biaxial deformation path and an arbitrary square sectional surface to a material to be compressed. SOLUTION: The biaxial compression apparatus for simultaneously compressing the material to be compressed in the direction of a first axis and in the direction of a second axis, that differs from the direction of the first axis comprises a loading means for generating compression force in the directions of first and second axes, a member, having a mechanism that can travel in the direction of the first axis due to the compression in the direction of the first axis, a member that faces the member, a member having a mechanism that can travel in the direction of the second axis due to the compression of the direction in the second axis, and a member that faces the member, thus compressing the material to be compressed in a square hole that is composed of the four members.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to biaxial compression for examining the mechanical properties of a material to be compressed by simultaneously compressing the material to be compressed in a first axial direction and a second axial direction different from the first axial direction. The present invention relates to a test device and a biaxial compression processing device for compressing and deforming the material to be compressed into arbitrary dimensions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a mechanism of an existing biaxial compressor,
(1) A compression member 9 used for shearing tests on rocks and earths in the field of civil engineering and arranged so as to separate compressive forces in the first axial direction and the second axial direction from each other as shown in FIG. (2) Used for buckling test of composite materials, etc. by a rigid frame material 8 so that the compressed material 1 is not deformed in the second axial direction. While constraining the deformation, the compression member 9 compresses in the first axial direction orthogonal to the deformation (3) as shown in FIG. 12, a fluid such as oil is applied between the compressed material 1 and the rigid frame member 8. That isotropically compresses the material 1 to be compressed by applying hydrostatic pressure through it, (4)
For example, as shown in FIG. 13, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-010862, two wedge-shaped members arranged in the second axial direction along with the compression in the first axial direction by the compressing member 9 are shown. There is one that compresses by utilizing the fact that the interval between the members 11 is narrower with respect to the frame member 8.

[0003]

The problem common to the above-described conventional biaxial compressors is that the compression amount in the first axial direction and the second axial direction when the material to be compressed is wholly compressed and deformed. Is that it cannot be changed independently.

That is, in the mechanism shown in FIG. 10, the amount of compression in the first axial direction and the amount of compression in the second axial direction can be changed, but since the portion not in contact with the compression member 9 is not compressed, the entire compressed material 1 is compressed. It cannot be transformed. The mechanism of FIG. 11 only compresses in the first axial direction, and the dimension of the material to be compressed 1 does not change in the second axial direction. In the mechanism of FIG. 12, since the compression forces applied in the first axial direction and the second axial direction are equal, the amount of compression in each axial direction is determined by the property of the material to be compressed 1. For example, when the material to be compressed 1 is isotropic, the amount of compression in each axial direction is equal. In the mechanism of FIG. 13, the deformation amounts in the first axis direction and the second axis direction are different, but the ratio is determined by the angle of the slope of the wedge member 11 and the frame member 8. Different materials must be prepared.

However, in the material test, by examining the load change while changing the compression amount in the first axial direction and the second axial direction with respect to the material to be compressed, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the material to be compressed are examined. Is required. In addition, since the deformation path that the material to be compressed undergoes in actual compression processing is complicated, in order to investigate the changes in the mechanical properties of the material to be compressed during processing, the ratio of the amount of compression in each axial direction was determined during the test. Sometimes it is required to change. Further, in compression processing, the compression amount in the first axial direction and the second axial direction must be changed so that the material to be compressed has a predetermined size according to demand.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention can independently change the compression amounts in the first axial direction and the second axial direction, and provides a free biaxial compression path for the entire compressed material. It is a biaxial compression device that makes it possible to give an arbitrary rectangular cross section.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the biaxial compressor of the present invention, a load means for generating a compressive force in a first axial direction and a second axial direction different from the first axial direction is provided. , A member having a mechanism that can move in the first axial direction with compression in the first axial direction, a member that faces it, and a mechanism that can move in the second axial direction with compression in the second axial direction A member and a member opposite to the member are provided, and the material is compressed in a square hole composed of these four members.

Generally, it is desirable that the first axis direction and the second axis direction are orthogonal to each other for the reason described below.

Of the four members, the member that transmits the compressive force in the first axial direction to the material to be compressed pushes and moves the member that is movable in the first axial direction, so that the material to be compressed moves in the second axial direction. It is more effective to have a mechanism in which a member that moves in the second axial direction is pushed and moved by a member that transmits a compressive force.

Further, each of the four members has a contact surface that directly contacts the material to be compressed and a side surface that makes an arbitrary angle with respect to the contact surface. For example, each of the four members is an ABCD.
Then, a part of the contact surface of member A contacts the side surface of member B, a part of the contact surface of member B contacts the side surface of member C, and a part of the contact surface of member C contacts the side surface of member D. And a part of the contact surface of the member D contacts the side surface of the member A. And formed by the contact surfaces of these four members,
The material to be compressed can be biaxially compressed in the closed square hole.

Further, a member having a mechanism movable in the first axial direction and a plurality of members facing the member are arranged in the first axial direction, and at the same time, a member for transmitting a compressive force in the second axial direction is provided. It is possible to adopt a structure in which a plurality of members having a mechanism movable in two axial directions and members facing the members are arranged in the second axial direction, and at the same time, a member for transmitting a compressive force in the first axial direction is possible.

In this case, the compressive force in the first axial direction is applied on the axis of symmetry of the members arranged in the second axial direction, and the plural compressive forces in the second axial direction are arranged in the first axial direction. Effectively, it is loaded on the axis of symmetry of the member.

[0013]

As described above, if a member having a mechanism that can move in the first axial direction with the compression in the first axial direction is used to transmit the compressive force in the second axial direction to the material to be compressed, It is possible to simultaneously compress in the second axial direction without disturbing the axial compression. Similarly, by transmitting the compressive force in the first axial direction to the material to be compressed by the member having a mechanism that can move in the second axial direction with the compression in the second axial direction, the compression in the second axial direction can be prevented. It can also be compressed in the first axial direction.

The cross-sectional shape of commonly used industrial materials is often rectangular, and by making the first axis and the second axis orthogonal to each other and finally giving a rectangular cross section to the material to be compressed,
For example, it is expected that the present invention can be widely used for compression processing of industrial materials such as forging, which is a kind of metal processing, and laminated wood forming in wood processing.

Of the above four members, the member that transmits the compressive force in the first axial direction to the material to be compressed pushes the movable member in the first axial direction to move the material to be compressed into the second shaft. If the members that move in the second axial direction are pushed and moved by the members that transmit the compressive force in the directional direction, new load means other than the axial compressive force is needed to move the movable members. Therefore, the number of components of the device can be reduced.

Further, each of the four members has a contact surface that directly contacts the material to be compressed and a side surface that makes an arbitrary angle with it, and a part of the contact surface of each member sequentially contacts the side surfaces of the adjacent members, By arranging four members to form a closed square hole, when deforming the material to be compressed into a quadrangular cross section,
As described above, it is efficient to move the movable member without the need for a new load means, and it is easy to achieve a mechanism in which the compression in each axis does not interfere with each other, as will be shown in the examples later. it can.

Further, a member having a mechanism movable in the first axial direction and a plurality of members opposed thereto are arranged in the first axial direction, and at the same time, a member for transmitting a compressive force in the second axial direction is provided. To increase the load means by arranging a plurality of members having a mechanism movable in two axial directions and members facing each other in the second axial direction and simultaneously transmitting a compressive force in the first axial direction to them Instead, it becomes possible to apply a compressive force to a plurality of materials to be compressed at the same time. further,
When the strength of the material to be compressed is high, it is effective to reduce the size of the material to be compressed, but in order to generate the necessary compression force, the size of the entire device including the load means It is often difficult to reduce the. In such a case, by arranging a plurality of small compressed materials at a certain distance and compressing them at the same time, the compressive force is stably applied even if the dimensional difference between the compressed material and the entire device is large. It will be possible.

Further, a compressive force in the first axial direction is applied on the axis of symmetry of the members arranged in the second axial direction, and a plurality of compressive forces in the second axial direction are similarly arranged in the first axial direction. By loading on the axis of symmetry of the fixed member, the load axis is stabilized and it is possible to suppress the generation of a moment due to the bias of the compression force.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
The first axis and the second axis are orthogonal to each other, and the material 1 to be compressed has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. Four compression movable members 2 are arranged so as to contact the respective surfaces of the material to be compressed 1. Of the movable members 2 for compression, two opposing members for transmitting the compressive force in the first axial direction are movable mechanisms 4 attached to them.
As a result, it is possible to smoothly move in the second axial direction with the compression in the second axial direction, and since the spring 5 is attached, the original compression force in the second axial direction is removed. It is supposed to return to the direction. Similarly, two of the movable movable members 2 facing each other for transmitting the compressive force in the second axial direction move smoothly in the first axial direction with the compression in the first axial direction. You can go back to. The movable mechanism 4 is attached to the movable mechanism holding member 3, and the loading device 7 includes a rigid frame member 8 and the movable mechanism holding member 3.
Is installed between. That is, the compressive force generated by the loading device 7 is applied to the movable mechanism holding member 3, the movable mechanism 4, and the movable mechanism 4.
It is transmitted to the material to be compressed 1 via the movable member 2 for compression. In this example, two loading devices 7 are arranged symmetrically, two for each axis.

In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the material to be compressed 1 is rectangular, but biaxial compression is possible even if the cross-sectional shape is not rectangular, such as when processing a circular cross-section into a rectangle.

The contact surface of the movable member 2 for compression is the compressed material 1
In addition to being in contact with, the side surface of the adjacent compression movable member 2 is also in contact therewith. Due to the dimensional change of the material to be compressed 1 due to compression, the material to be compressed 1 on the contact surface of the movable member 2 for compression.
The area in contact with the side surface of the adjacent compression movable member 2 increases while the area in contact with the side surface increases. Therefore, it is desirable that the contact surface of the compression movable member 2 has small friction and is smooth as a whole. If it is difficult to provide the compression movable member 2 with such a property, it is possible to add a member which is subjected to a surface treatment for reducing friction between the compression movable member 2 and the material 1 to be compressed. Is. In this embodiment, a part of the contact surface is in surface contact with the side surface of the adjacent compression movable member 2, but the force applied to this part is mainly due to the spring 5, which is extremely small compared with the compression load. Therefore, the surface contact does not necessarily have to be made.

The movable mechanism holding member 3 has a role of transmitting the compressive force generated in the loading device 7 to the movable moving member 2 for compression via the movable mechanism 4. Further, since the guides 6 parallel to the respective axial directions are attached and only the movable mechanism holding member 3 is arranged so as to move along the guides 6, the movable mechanism holding member for transmitting the compression force in the first axial direction is held. The member 3 can move only in the first axial direction, and the movable mechanism holding member 3 that transmits the load in the second axial direction can move only in the second axial direction. That is, the guide 6 has a function of suppressing the influence of the moment generated due to the displacement of the center of gravity of the material to be compressed 1 from the compression axis. However, in this embodiment, since the compression shafts can always pass through the center of gravity of the material to be compressed 1 by equalizing the compression amounts of the two loading devices 7 that face each other in the respective axial directions, there is a great obstacle even without the guide 6. There is no.

In the movable mechanism 4, the movable compression member 2 transmitting the compressive force in the first axial direction moves in the second axial direction, and the movable movable member 2 transmitting the compressive force in the second axial direction moves in the first axial direction. It is designed so that it can move smoothly even when a high compression force is applied. In addition, even if the compressive force is biased to generate a moment, the movable moving member 2
It is necessary that the robot does not move in any direction other than the fixed direction. In this embodiment, the rolling mechanism using the trochanter is used, but it can be replaced with an elastic body or the like if the above-mentioned requirements are satisfied.

The spring 5 is attached so that the side surface of the compression movable member 2 always keeps contact with a part of the contact surface of the adjacent compression movable member 2. The force of this spring is sufficiently smaller than the compressive force of the material to be compressed 1 and must be suppressed to the extent that it does not affect the compressive force measured in the compression test. Although a spring is used in this embodiment, it can be replaced with a material such as rubber which has a restoring property at the time of unloading.

Two loading devices 7 are symmetrically arranged on each axis. As described above, by making the compression amounts applied by the two loading devices 7 opposed to each other on each axis equal, the compression axis always passes through the center of gravity of the material 1 to be compressed, so that a moment is generated due to the bias of the compression force. Can be suppressed.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, four compressed materials 1 symmetrically arranged apart from each other are simultaneously compressed. Each compressed material 1 has two movable members 2 for compression,
It is compressed in a square hole formed between the compression member 9 and the movable mechanism holding / compression member 10. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, all the four members that come into contact with the material to be compressed 1 are movable members, but in the embodiment of FIG. This indicates that if the two members in total can be moved, biaxial compression with independent compression amounts for each axis is possible.

The compressive force in the first axial direction generated by the loading device 7 in this embodiment is first transmitted to the movable mechanism holding member 3 and then passed through the two movable mechanisms 4 and the compression movable member 2 to the second movable mechanism holding member 3. Two compressed materials 1 arranged side by side in the axial direction
Are simultaneously loaded against. On the other hand, the compressive force in the second axial direction generated by the loading device 7 is simultaneously applied via the compression member 9 to the two materials to be compressed arranged side by side in the first axial direction. In such a case, a compressive force for simultaneously deforming the two members 1 to be compressed is applied to the movable mechanism holding member 3 and the compressing member 9, and therefore, high rigidity that does not deform due to the compressive force is required.

According to the arrangement of this embodiment, if the four compressed members 1 have the same mechanical properties, it is possible to suppress the generation of the moment due to the bias of the compression force without using the guide 6. The compressive force of the loading device 7 can always be applied on the axis of symmetry. Further, as described above, even if the material to be compressed 1 has high strength and the size of the material to be compressed 1 is to be reduced, it is possible to stably apply the compressive force in each axial direction.

With respect to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the movement of each member during compression in the first axial direction and the second axial direction will be described with reference to FIG. When compressing in the first axial direction, the movable member 2a for compression also moves downward in the first axial direction as the movable mechanism holding member 3 moves downward in the first axial direction by the compression force. Therefore, the material 1 to be compressed is the movable member 2a for compression.
And the movable mechanism holding / compressing member 10 is compressed in the first axial direction. At this time, the compressing movable member 2b is pushed by the compressing movable member 2a and moves downward in the first axial direction. It does not prevent uniaxial compression.

On the other hand, when compressing in the second axial direction, the compression member 9 moves rightward in the second axial direction, so that the material to be compressed is the second shaft between the compression member 9 and the compression movable member 2b. Compressed in the direction. At this time, since the compression movable member 2a is pushed by the compression member 9 and moves rightward in the second axial direction, it does not hinder the compression in the second axial direction. With such a mechanism, when biaxial compression is applied to the material to be compressed, the compression amount in each axial direction can be changed independently.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which the number of compressed materials 1 is further increased to eight. In this way, by using a plurality of the compression movable member 2, the movable mechanism holding member 3, the movable mechanism 4, the movable mechanism holding and compressing member 10, and the like,
It is possible to simultaneously biaxially compress a plurality of materials 1 to be compressed. In this embodiment, the compressed materials 1 are arranged at substantially equal intervals, but even if they are not arranged at equal intervals, it can be easily dealt with by changing the size of each member.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is for the case where the material 1 to be compressed has a parallelogram cross section or the final material to be compressed has a parallelogram shape. The major difference from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is that the contact surface of the compression movable member 2b used for compression in the second axial direction with the material to be compressed 1 is not perpendicular to the second axial direction. In accordance therewith, a part of the side surface of the compression movable member 2a for compressing in the first axial direction which is in contact with the compression movable member 2b is also inclined in the same manner. By changing the shape of the compression movable member 2 in this way, the compressed material 1 having a quadrangle other than a rectangular cross section
Also, biaxial compression is possible.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 has the same arrangement of each member as the embodiment of FIG. 6, but the shapes of the two compression movable members 2b used for compression in the second axial direction are different. The case where the two surfaces of the material to be compressed 1 that are compressed in the second axial direction are not parallel to each other. That is, even if the material to be compressed 1 has an asymmetrical rectangular cross section, it is possible to perform biaxial compression by such an embodiment.

Similar to FIG. 6, FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which the material 1 to be compressed has a parallelogram-shaped cross section. However, unlike the example of FIG. 6, the first axial direction and the second axial direction are not orthogonal to each other, and the compression movable member 2, the movable mechanism holding member 3, the frame member 8 and the like are perpendicular to the second axial direction. Is inclined to become. That is, each member for compressing in the second axial direction is compressed by the loading device 7 by the compressive material 1.
It is arranged so that it can be loaded vertically to the plane of
The movable mechanism 4 is provided so as to be vertically movable with respect to the second axis direction. The advantage of always applying the compressive force perpendicularly to the surface of the material to be compressed 1 is to reduce the influence of the compression in the second axial direction on the compressive force in the first axial direction. That is, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, since the contact surface between the second axial direction and the compression movable member 2b is not vertical, a component force is generated in the first axial direction by the compressive force in the second axial direction.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the generation of such component force can be suppressed. Therefore, the arrangement as in the embodiment of FIG. 8 is advantageous, for example, in the case where it is desired to accurately measure the load force required to compress the material 1 to be compressed in the first axial direction in a biaxial compression test.

In the embodiment shown above, all the loading devices 7
2 were used for each axis, for a total of four, but in the embodiment of FIG. 9, there are two loading devices, one for each axis. That is, it is shown that the use of the compression movable member 2 and the movable mechanism 4 does not necessarily require four loading devices 7 required for the biaxial compression according to the present invention. However, in this case, as the compressive deformation progresses, the loading device 7
Since the compression axis due to is gradually displaced from the center of gravity of the material to be compressed 1, it is necessary to devise a method for suppressing the influence of the moment caused by this deviation. In this embodiment, the guide 6 limits the moving direction of the movable mechanism holding member 3 to suppress the influence of the moment.

[0037]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

A movable member for compression that moves in the first axial direction with the compression in the first axial direction and transmits a compressive force in the second axial direction to the material to be compressed, and a second shaft in accordance with the compression in the second axial direction. By using a compression movable member that moves in the direction of the axis and transmits the compressive force in the first axial direction to the material to be compressed, the amount of compression in the first axial direction and the amount of compression in the second axial direction do not affect each other with respect to the material to be compressed. It can be controlled independently, and it is possible to give a free biaxial deformation path and arbitrary quadrangular cross section to the whole compressed material.

Further, when performing a compression test on a material to be compressed having a high strength, a high load force is required. Therefore, it is desirable that the material to be compressed is small so that the device can be easily designed. By compressing a plurality of compressed materials arranged in parallel, the compressive force can be stably applied even if the compressed material is small.

In addition, by applying a compressive force on the axis of symmetry of a member in which a plurality of members are arranged, it is possible to keep the load shaft in a stable state and prevent bias of the compressive force.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a biaxial compression device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment when there are four compressed materials.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of an essential part showing the movement of each member at the time of compression in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which there are eight compressed materials.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which the material to be compressed has a parallelogram cross section.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example where the material to be compressed has a quadrangular shape that is not rotationally symmetrical.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which the first axis and the second axis are not orthogonal to each other.

FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which one loading device is provided for each axis.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a main part showing a biaxial compression method when conventional compression members are arranged apart from each other.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a main part showing a conventional biaxial compression method in which deformation in the second axial direction is restricted.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of a main part showing a conventional biaxial compression method using hydrostatic pressure of a fluid.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram of a main part showing a conventional biaxial compression method using a wedge-shaped member.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Compressed material 2 Moving member for compression 3 Movable mechanism holding member 4 movable mechanism 5 springs 6 guides 7 Loading device 8 frame materials 9 Compression member 10 Movable mechanism holding and compression member 11 wedge-shaped members

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A biaxial compression device for simultaneously compressing a material to be compressed in a first axial direction and a second axial direction different from the first axial direction, and a load generating a compressive force in the first axial direction and the second axial direction. Means, a member having a mechanism movable in the first axial direction with compression in the first axial direction, a member facing the member, and a mechanism movable in the second axial direction with compression in the second axial direction A biaxial compressing device comprising a member having a member and a member facing the member, and compressing a material in a square hole composed of these four members. 2. The biaxial compression device according to claim 1, wherein the first axial direction and the second axial direction are perpendicular to each other. 3. Among the four members, a member that transmits a compressive force in the first axial direction to the material to be compressed pushes and moves the member that is movable in the first axial direction, so that the material to be compressed has a second shaft. The biaxial compression device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a member that transmits a compressive force in a direction pushes and moves a member that is movable in the second axial direction. 4. Each of the four members has a contact surface that directly contacts the compressed material and a side surface that makes an arbitrary angle with the contact surface, and a part of the contact surface of each member sequentially contacts the side surfaces of the adjacent members. The biaxial compression device according to claim 1, wherein the biaxial compression device is arranged so as to form a closed square hole with four members. 5. A plurality of members having a mechanism movable in the first axial direction and members facing the member are arranged in the first axial direction,
A member having a mechanism for transmitting a compressive force in the second axial direction to them at the same time, and a member having a mechanism movable in the second axial direction and a member facing the member are arranged in the second axial direction, and at the same time, the first shaft The biaxial compression device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, further comprising a member for transmitting a compressive force in a direction. 6. A compressive force in the first axial direction is applied on the axis of symmetry of a member arranged in the second axial direction, and a plurality of compressive forces in the second axial direction are arranged in the first axial direction. The biaxial compression device according to claim 5, wherein the biaxial compression device is loaded on the axis of symmetry of the member.