JP2003036317A - Information retrieval system for dyeing-quality management - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently provide information for the management of dyeing quality of fibers. SOLUTION: In the system of the present invention, an information-browsing terminal computer 1 gets access to a database 2 via a server computer 4 and a communication line 3. When information for retrieval, that is, a keyword for extracting necessary information from the information registered for the management of the dyeing-quality of fibers is inputted by a means 7 for inputting the information for retrieval on the side of the information-browsing terminal computer 1, the information for the management of dyeing-quality of fibers corresponding to the information for retrieval thus inputted is automatically displayed on the screen of a display monitor 8 by a corresponding information- outputting means 9 on the side of the terminal computer 1. Accordingly, the information necessary for the management of dyeing-quality of fibers can efficiently be provided, since the information necessary for the management of dyeing-quality of fibers is provided by means of remote control in order that a person who needs the information may read it.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dyeing quality control information retrieval system which provides information on quality control about dyeing in dyeing processing of textile products (information for fiber dyeing quality control), and particularly to a necessary fiber dyeing. The present invention relates to a system capable of efficiently providing quality control information.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Various types of high-end men's clothing and high-end women's clothing
In the textile product industry that handles textile products such as clothing that has a small amount of fashionable colors, dyeing processing of textile products is a so-called dyeing contractor located downstream of the industry.
It is done in. Dyeing processors perform dyeing processing of textile products according to the instructions received from a textile product supplier (dyeing ordering source) located upstream of the so-called industry. Fiber dyeing quality control necessary for dyeing quality control in dyeing processing. Usage information was also provided by the textile manufacturer based on traditional practices.

[0003]

However, as described above, the dyeing processor relies on the fiber dyeing quality control information provided by the textile product manufacturer based on the traditional practice to perform the dyeing quality control. In the current situation, there is a problem that the dyeing processor is likely to fall short of information for fiber dyeing quality control.

That is, in recent years, the fashion is changing rapidly, and the instructions from the textile product manufacturers are confused, and the necessary quality control items are often omitted, and the so-called dyeing process must be redone due to deterioration of the dyeing quality. Occasionally there was a need for rework.

Of course, in recent years, as environmental problems have been widely taken up, the circumstances surrounding the dyeing process are severe. With the remarkable spread of personal computers in recent years, the textile product quality control information is sent by e-mail from the textile manufacturer side. However, the situation in which the textile product manufacturer is taking the lead and the dyeing processor is passive has not changed, and the textile product industry has been using There is an urgent need to resolve the lack of information.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a dyeing quality control information retrieval system capable of efficiently providing necessary fiber dyeing quality control information. To do.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following constitution. That is, the dyeing quality control information search system according to the invention of claim 1 is a dyeing quality control information search system that provides information (fiber dyeing quality control information) on quality control about dyeing in dyeing processing of textile products. There are a plurality of information browsing terminal computers for browsing the fiber dyeing quality control information, a database in which the fiber dyeing quality control information is registered, and a communication line for the plurality of information browsing terminal computers. And a server computer connected so that the database can be accessed via
The information browsing terminal computer (a) search information input means for inputting search information as a keyword for extracting necessary information from the fiber dyeing quality control information registered in the database; (B) A corresponding information output means for outputting the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information is provided, and (c) the search information as a keyword is input on the side of the information browsing terminal computer. Then, the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information is searched and extracted from the fiber dyeing quality control information registered in the database and transmitted to the information viewing terminal computer side via the communication line. It is characterized by being configured in.

The invention described in claim 2 is the same as claim 1.
In the dyeing quality control information retrieval system described in (1), an information registration terminal computer equipped with registration information input means for inputting fiber dyeing quality control information to be registered in the database is arranged so as to access the database. It is characterized by being present.

The invention described in claim 3 is the same as claim 1
Alternatively, in the dye quality control information search system according to claim 2, the fiber dye quality control information is registered in a hierarchical form in the database, and the information browsing terminal computer uses the search information as a keyword. Is configured so as to be input in correspondence with the hierarchization of the fiber dyeing quality control information.

The invention according to claim 4 is the same as claim 1
The dyeing quality control information retrieval system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the database contains management content information indicating the content of dyeing quality control, and a test method for specifying a test method required for the quality control. The information is registered as fiber dyeing quality control information in the form of associating the management content with the test method.

The invention according to claim 5 is the same as claim 4
In the dyeing quality control information retrieval system according to the item 1, the database is characterized in that detailed test method information indicating detailed contents of the test method specified by the test method information is also registered as dyeing quality control information. To do.

[0012]

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. According to the invention described in claim 1, when the information for fiber dyeing quality control required in the database is registered in advance and the registered information is used for browsing, the information browsing terminal computer communicates with the server computer. While accessing the database through the line, as a keyword for extracting the necessary information from the fiber dyeing quality control information already registered in the database registration means by the search information input means on the information browsing terminal computer side. Enter search information.

Then, the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information is retrieved and extracted from the fiber dyeing quality control information registered in the database and transmitted to the information browsing terminal computer side via the communication line. Is coming. On the side of the information browsing terminal computer that has received the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information, the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information received by the corresponding information output means is output and the information requester Be used for viewing.

That is, in the case of the invention described in claim 1,
Information users access the database from the information viewing terminal computer through the server computer and the communication line, and the information viewing terminal computer extracts the necessary information from the registered fiber dyeing quality control information. If you enter the search information, which is a keyword for doing so, the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information is automatically output on the terminal computer side. The information can be viewed by those who need it by remote control.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, while the information registration terminal computer is accessing the database, the registration information input means on the information registration terminal computer side registers the unregistered fiber dyeing quality control. When the input information is input, the input fiber dyeing quality control information is registered in the database.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the fiber dyeing quality control information to be browsed is registered in a hierarchical form, and the information browsing terminal computer,
With the input of search information as keywords in correspondence with the hierarchization of fiber dyeing quality control information,
The search for extracting the fiber dyeing quality control information proceeds in hierarchical order.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 4, in the database, management content information indicating the content of quality control of dyeing and test method information specifying a test method necessary for the quality control are stored. Registered as information for quality control of fiber dyeing in the form of associating management content with test method. That is, the information indicating the content of quality control of dyeing and the information specifying the test method necessary for the quality control are also provided for browsing.

That is, in the case of the invention described in claim 4,
In order to perform quality control of dyeing, it is necessary to perform tests that match the content of quality control, but the test method is determined according to the content of quality control, so a test method that matches the content of quality control of dyeing. It is complicated to find out. Therefore,
If the management content information and the test method information are registered as the fiber dyeing quality control information in a form in which the management content and the test method are associated with each other, just by browsing the test method information corresponding to the management content information, the dyeing is performed. It is possible to quickly identify the test method that matches the quality control content of.

Further, according to the invention of claim 5, the detailed information of the test method specified in the test method information is included in the test method detailed information registered as the dyeing quality control information in the database. Is displayed, the detailed content of the test method suitable for the quality control content of the dyeing can be known by browsing the detailed information of the test method.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a dyeing quality control information retrieval system according to the present invention (hereinafter appropriately referred to as "information retrieval system") will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an information search system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the dyeing quality control information retrieval system of the embodiment, an information browsing terminal computer for browsing information relating to quality control regarding dyeing in textile product dyeing processing (fiber dyeing quality control information). 1 (hereinafter referred to as “browsing terminal computer” as appropriate) and a database 2 in which fiber dyeing quality control information is registered in advance. The information browsing terminal computer 1 accesses the database 2 via the communication line 3. Database server 2 connected to server computer 4
An information registration terminal computer 5 (hereinafter referred to as “registration terminal computer” as appropriate) for inputting the fiber dyeing quality control information to be registered in is also provided so as to access the database 2.

In the case of the information retrieval system of the embodiment, the browsing terminal computer 1 is installed in each of the dyeing processors A1 and A2, and the database 2 and the information registration terminal computer 5 are installed in the textile product manufacturer C. And the server computer 4 is an information service provider B.
It is installed in.

The information retrieval system of the embodiment can be constructed, for example, by utilizing the Internet so as to provide a wide range of information. In that case, the public telephone line functions as the communication line 3. Will be fulfilled. Of course, the information search system of the present invention may be constructed using a dedicated line such as a local network without using the Internet.

The browsing terminal computer 1 extracts necessary information from the fiber dyeing quality control information registered in the database 2 in accordance with the setting operation by the input operation means 6 including a mouse and a keyboard. Search information input means 7 for inputting search information as a keyword for searching, and corresponding information output means 9 for outputting and displaying the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information on the screen of the display monitor 8. Send search information as keywords,
It is provided with a sending / receiving means 10 for receiving the fiber dyeing quality control information to be browsed. A menu screen for inputting search information as a keyword is also displayed on the screen of the display monitor 8.

Then, when the browsing terminal computer 1 accesses the database 2 and the retrieval information as a keyword is input by the retrieval information input means 7 on the browsing terminal computer 1 side, it is registered in the database 2. The fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information is retrieved and extracted from the stored fiber dyeing quality control information, and is transmitted to the browsing terminal computer 1 via the communication line 3 and is also browsed. The fiber dyeing quality control information received by the terminal computer 1 is displayed on the screen of the display monitor 8 by the corresponding information output means 9, and the dyeing processor A1 is displayed.
Alternatively, it is configured so as to be viewed by the dyeing and processing company A2.

On the other hand, the registration terminal computer 5 and the registration information input means 12 for inputting the fiber dyeing quality control information registered in the database 2 in accordance with the operation by the input operation means 11 composed of a mouse, a keyboard and the like. A transmission / reception unit 13 for exchanging necessary data and signals with the outside, and a display monitor 14 for displaying a menu screen for inputting information for fiber dyeing quality control are provided.

Then, when the registration terminal computer 5 accesses the database 2 and the fiber dyeing quality control information is input by the registration information input means 12 on the registration terminal computer 5 side, the input fiber dyeing quality Management information is registered in the database 2.

Therefore, in the case of the information retrieval system of the embodiment, since the information for the fiber dyeing quality control can be added / supplemented in a timely manner by using the information registration function of the registration terminal computer 5, the fiber dyeing is always appropriate and sufficient. Information for quality control can be provided.

The registration by the registration terminal computer 5 includes not only addition of new fiber dyeing quality control information, but also deletion of unnecessary information and correction of erroneous information as one form of registration. Also, the registration terminal computer 5
Although not shown in the figure, as with the browsing terminal computer 1, it is equipped with the means necessary for browsing the fiber dyeing quality control information.
As in the case of 2, the information for fiber dyeing quality control can be browsed as needed.

Next, the information registration structure in the database 2 in the information retrieval system of the embodiment will be described. In the case of the information retrieval system of the embodiment, as described below,
The fiber dyeing quality control information is registered in the database 2 in a hierarchical form. First, in the first layer, as shown in FIG. 2, the fiber dyeing quality control information includes the most important standard information, chemical analysis test method detailed information, physical property test method detailed information, and dye fastness test method detailed information. It is layered by major items such as.

The most important standard information among the fiber dyeing quality control information is provided in the following second layer, and has basic properties such as safety standard, application-specific standard, material-specific standard, and intermediate product standard. They are hierarchized separately, and the third, fourth
And is layered. For example, according to the application-specific standard, in the third layer, as shown in FIG. 3, layers are roughly classified according to the types of outer garments, inner garments, and so on. Layered by specific types of clothes, such as knitted woven fabrics, knitted woven fabrics for men's slacks, knitted woven fabrics for men's formal wear, knitted woven fabrics for women's suits (thick fabric), and so on. That is, the information is registered in fine divisions.

Further, in the case of standard information, in the fourth layer, management content information showing the content of quality control of dyeing such as dye fastness and tear strength (for example, standard value of tear strength) and the quality control. Required test method (eg
The test method information that specifies JIS TRS1022D) is registered as the fiber dyeing quality control information in the form of associating the management content with the test method. Therefore, by browsing the test method information corresponding to the management content information, it is possible to quickly specify the test method that matches the dye quality control content.

On the other hand, in the case of the detailed information of the chemical analysis test method, the detailed information of the physical property test method, and the detailed information of the dye fastness test method, the detailed contents of the test method are registered for each test method. For example, in the case of the detailed information on the physical property test method, as shown in FIG. 4, the detailed contents of the test method are layered around the types of measured physical quantities such as general rule of physical test method, width, mass, density, and thickness. Information is registered in two layers, for example, but there are also information registered in three or more layers. As described above, if the test method detailed information indicating the detailed content of the test method specified by the test method information is also registered in the database 2 as the dye quality control information, by browsing the test method detailed information, The detailed contents of the test method corresponding to the contents of quality control can be promptly known.

In the case of the information retrieval system of the embodiment,
The browsing terminal computer 1 is configured to input the search information in accordance with the search information input menu screen corresponding to the information registration structure in the database 2 as described above. The menu screen for inputting the search information has improved operability by using, for example, a link form of Windows or a home page.

A specific input method of the search information by the browsing terminal computer 1 will be described with reference to the drawings in accordance with the case of browsing the dyeing quality control information. First, the browsing of the management content information will be explained. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a management content information browsing process by the information retrieval system of the embodiment.

[Step S1] The dyeing processor operates the browsing terminal computer 1 to operate the server computer 4
The database 2 is accessed via.

[Step S2] When the first-layer menu screen P1 for inputting search information shown in FIG. 6 is called on the screen of the display monitor 8 and the standard information field is clicked on the screen, the first-layer search screen is displayed. The standard information is input as the information, and the screen of the display monitor 8 is switched to the second layer menu screen P2 for inputting the search information shown in FIG.

[Step S3] Second Level Menu Screen P
When the item of application-specific standard in 2 is clicked on the screen, the application-specific standard is input as search information for the second layer and the third layer for inputting search information shown in FIG. 8 is displayed on the screen of the display monitor 8. The menu screen P3 is superimposed and displayed.

[Step S4] Third Level Menu Screen P
When the item of outer garment in 3 is clicked on the screen, the outer garment is input as search information for the third layer, and the fourth screen for inputting search information shown in FIG. 9 is displayed on the screen of the display monitor 8.
The hierarchical menu screen P4 is further superimposed and displayed.

[Step S5] As shown in FIG. 10, when the item of knitted fabric for men's suit on the fourth layer menu screen P4 is clicked on the screen, knitted fabric for men's suit is displayed as search information for the fourth layer. The search information input means 7 completes the input of the search information.

[Step S6] Information corresponding to the search information input from the database 2 is immediately retrieved and extracted, and as shown in FIG. 11, information on the right side of the fourth tier menu screen P4 on the screen of the display monitor 8. Display area P4a
Includes the test items and standard values (control content information) that are the content of quality control of dyeing of knitted fabrics for men's suits, and the number (test method information) that identifies the test method required for the quality control. It is displayed by the output means 9 and is provided for browsing.

If a print item on the screen of the display monitor 8 is clicked as necessary, a screen displaying management content information and test method information is printed on a sheet by a printing means (not shown). .

Next, browsing of detailed test method information by the information retrieval system of the embodiment will be described. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the test method detailed information browsing process in the example. It is assumed that the browsing terminal computer 1 has already accessed the database 2 via the server computer 4.

[Step SA] When the first-layer menu screen P1 shown in FIG. 6 is called on the screen of the display monitor 8 and, for example, the physical property test method detailed information column is clicked on the screen, search information for the first layer is displayed. As the physical property test method detailed information is input as
The screen is switched to the second hierarchical menu screen PA for inputting search information shown in.

[Step SB] Second level menu screen P
For example, when the width item in A is clicked on the screen, the width is input as the search information for the second layer, and the third layer menu screen PB for inputting the search information shown in FIG. 14 is displayed on the screen of the display monitor 8. Is overlaid.

[Step SC] Third-tier menu screen P
If you click the width item in B on the screen,
The width is input again as the search information for the hierarchy, and the input of the search information by the search information input means 7 is completed.

[Step SD] Information corresponding to the search information input from the database 2 is retrieved and extracted, and as shown in FIG. 15, the detailed contents of the width test method are displayed on the screen of the display monitor 8. Information display area P near the bottom right of the screen
It is displayed on Ba by the corresponding information output means 9 and is provided for browsing.

If a print item on the screen of the display monitor 8 is clicked as necessary, the screen of FIG. 15 in which detailed test method information is displayed is printed on a sheet by a printing means (not shown). .

As described in detail above, according to the dyeing quality control information retrieval system of the embodiment, the information needer accesses the database 2 from the information browsing terminal computer 1 through the server computer 4 through the communication line. Be careful
If the search information, which is a keyword for extracting necessary information from the registered fiber dyeing quality control information on the information browsing terminal computer 1 side, is input, the fiber dyeing quality control corresponding to the search information is input. Since the configuration information is output on the terminal computer 1 side, the required fiber dyeing quality control information is provided to the information user for browsing by remote operation. That is, the necessary fiber dyeing quality control information can be efficiently provided.

In particular, if the computers 1, 4, 5 and the database 2 are connected by a public communication line, and the information retrieval system is widely opened to dyeing processors so that anyone can freely use it, the textile industry as a whole can The lack of information for fiber dyeing quality control can be resolved.

Further, if the access situation of the dyeing processor can be taken up and checked by the textile product manufacturer C side, information exchange of dyeing quality control between the dyeing manufacturer and the textile product manufacturer C is active. As a result, the textile product supplier can grasp the information request tendency of the dyeing processor side,
The usefulness of the system can be improved by supplementarily registering the information for fiber dyeing quality control.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be modified as follows. (1) In the embodiment, the screen display for each layer is described in the Windows format, but the present invention is not limited to this format, and a browser for Internet connection is used to associate each hierarchical screen in a home page format (link). The screen may be switched at a suitable time.

(2) In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, there are two dyeing processors having the browsing terminal computer 1, but the dyeing processing in which the browsing terminal computer 1 is installed. The number of companies may be one or three or more.

(3) In the embodiment, the database 2 is installed at the textile manufacturer, but the database 2 may be installed at the information service provider.

(4) In the embodiment, the server computer 4 is owned by the information service provider, but the server computer 4 is owned by the textile manufacturer and installed at the textile manufacturer. You may seem to be present.

(5) In the examples, the textile products were finished products such as men's clothing and ladies' clothing, but the textile products targeted by the present invention include semi-finished products such as fabrics and raw materials such as threads. Products are also included.

[0057]

As described in detail above, according to the dyeing quality control information retrieval system according to claim 1, the information browsing terminal computer accesses the database through the server computer and the communication line. By inputting the search information, which is a keyword for extracting the necessary information from the registered fiber dyeing quality control information on the information viewing terminal computer side, the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information can be input. Since the information is automatically output on the terminal computer side, the necessary fiber dyeing quality control information can be viewed remotely by the information users, so Information can be provided efficiently.

According to the dyeing quality control information retrieval system of the second aspect, the information registration terminal computer accesses the database, and the information registration terminal computer does not use the registration information input means. If the registered fiber dyeing quality control information is input, the input fiber dyeing quality control information is registered in the database, and the information registration function of the registration terminal computer can be used to store the fiber dyeing quality control information. Since it can be enhanced, it is possible to always provide appropriate and sufficient information for fiber dyeing quality control.

Further, according to the dyeing quality control information retrieval system of the third aspect, the fiber dyeing quality control information to be browsed is registered in a hierarchical form, and in the information browsing terminal computer, the keyword is used. The search information is input in accordance with the hierarchization of the fiber dyeing quality control information, and the search for extracting the fiber dyeing quality control information is performed in hierarchical order, so that the necessary information can be browsed quickly. can do.

According to the dyeing quality control information retrieval system of claim 4, as the dyeing quality control information, the management content information indicating the content of the dyeing quality control, and the test method necessary for the quality control. The test method information for identifying the test method is registered in the database in such a manner that the management content and the test method are associated with each other. Therefore, by browsing the test method information corresponding to the management content information, it is possible to easily specify the test method suitable for the dye quality control content.

According to the dyeing quality control information retrieval system of the fifth aspect, the test method detailed information registered in the database as dyeing quality control information includes the test method specified by the test method information. Since the detailed contents are shown, the detailed contents of the test method suitable for the quality control content of the dyeing can be promptly known by browsing the detailed information of the test method.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an information search system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an overall information registration structure in the database of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an information registration structure of application-specific standards in standard information in a database.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an information registration structure of physical property test method detailed information in a database.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a management content information browsing process by the system of the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a first layer menu screen for inputting search information in the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a second hierarchical menu screen for inputting search information in the embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a third layer menu screen for inputting search information in the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth hierarchical menu screen for inputting search information in the embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an input operation situation on a fourth tier menu screen in an example.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a search and extraction information display portion of the screen of the display monitor of the embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a test method detailed information browsing process by the system of the embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing another second hierarchical menu screen for inputting search information in the embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing another third layer menu screen for inputting search information in the embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a test method detailed information display screen of the display monitor of the example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1… Terminal computer for viewing information 2… Database 3… Communication line 4 ... Server computer 5 ... Terminal computer for information registration 7… Search information input means 9… Corresponding information output means 12 ... Registration information input means

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. Information on quality control for dyeing in dyeing processing of textile products (information for quality control of fiber dyeing)
Is a dyeing quality control information search system for providing a plurality of information viewing terminal computers for browsing the fiber dyeing quality control information, a database in which the fiber dyeing quality control information is registered, and And a server computer connected to each of the information browsing terminal computers so that the database can be accessed via a communication line. The information browsing terminal computer is for (a) fiber dyeing quality control registered in the database. Search information input means for inputting search information as a keyword for extracting necessary information from the information, and (b) corresponding information output means for outputting fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information. And (c) the information browsing terminal computer inputs search information as keywords. Then, the fiber dyeing quality control information corresponding to the search information is retrieved and extracted from the fiber dyeing quality control information registered in the database and transmitted to the information viewing terminal computer side via the communication line. A dyeing quality control information retrieval system characterized by being configured as follows. 2. The dye quality management information retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein the information registration terminal computer having registration information input means for inputting the fiber dyeing quality management information registered in the database is stored in the database. A dyeing quality control information retrieval system, which is arranged so as to be accessible. 3. The dyeing quality control information retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein the fiber dyeing quality control information is registered in a hierarchical form in the database, and an information browsing terminal computer. Then, the dyeing quality control information search system is characterized in that the input of the search information as a keyword is configured so as to correspond to the hierarchization of the fiber dyeing quality control information. 4. The dyeing quality control information retrieval system according to claim 1, wherein the database is management content information indicating the content of dyeing quality control, and is required for the quality control. A dyeing quality control information retrieval system characterized in that test method information that specifies a specific test method is registered as fiber dyeing quality control information in association with the management content and the test method. 5. The dyeing quality control information retrieval system according to claim 4, wherein the database also includes test method detailed information indicating detailed contents of the test method specified by the test method information as dyeing quality control information. A dye quality control information retrieval system characterized by being registered.